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Stroud LR, Jao NC, Ward LG, Lee SY, Marsit CJ. Differential impact of prenatal PTSD symptoms and preconception trauma exposure on placental NR3C1 and FKBP5 methylation. Stress 2024; 27:2321595. [PMID: 38676353 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2321595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stress is associated with altered placental methylation, which plays a critical role in fetal development and infant outcomes. This proof-of-concept pilot study investigated the impact of lifetime trauma exposure and perinatal PTSD symptoms on epigenetic regulation of placenta glucocorticoid signaling genes (NR3C1 and FKBP5). Lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms during pregnancy were assessed in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women (N = 198). Participants were categorized into three groups: (1) No Trauma (-T); (2) Trauma, No Symptoms (T - S); and (3) Trauma and Symptoms (T + S). Placental tissue was analyzed via bisulfite pyrosequencing for degree of methylation at the NR3C1 promoter and FKBP5 regulatory regions. Analyses of covariance were used to test group differences in percentages of NR3C1 and FKBP5 methylation overall and at each CpG site. We found a significant impact of PTSD symptoms on placental NR3C1 methylation. Compared to the -T group, the T + S group had greater NR3C1 methylation overall and at CpG6, CpG8, CpG9, and CpG13, but lower methylation at CpG5. The T + S group had significantly higher NR3C1 methylation overall and at CpG8 compared to the T - S group. There were no differences between the T - S group and - T group. Additionally, no group differences emerged for FKBP5 methylation. Pregnant trauma survivors with PTSD symptoms exhibited differential patterns of placental NR3C1 methylation compared to trauma survivors without PTSD symptoms and pregnant women unexposed to trauma. Results highlight the critical importance of interventions to address the mental health of pregnant trauma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Stroud
- COBRE Center for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience*, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L G Ward
- COBRE Center for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience*, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon Y Lee
- COBRE Center for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience*, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Durbagula S, Korlimarla A, Ravikumar G, Valiya Parambath S, Kaku SM, Visweswariah AM. Prenatal epigenetic factors are predisposing for neurodevelopmental disorders—Considering placenta as a model. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1324-1342. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Durbagula
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Aruna Korlimarla
- St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
- Department of Research Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Center Bangalore India
| | | | - Snijesh Valiya Parambath
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Department of Molecular Medicine St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders (CARE ADD) St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Ashok Mysore Visweswariah
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders (CARE ADD) St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
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3
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Padbury JF, Do BT, Bann CM, Marsit C, Hintz SR, Vohr BR, Lowe J, Newman JE, Granger DA, Payne A, Watterberg K. DNA methylation in former extremely low birth weight newborns: association with cardiovascular and endocrine function. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1469-1477. [PMID: 33953357 PMCID: PMC8568736 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and hypertensive disorders in later life in the preterm population. We studied school-age children who had been born extremely premature who had undergone endocrine, cardiovascular, and anthropometric evaluations. METHODS School age measurements of salivary cortisol, adrenal androgens, blood pressure, and anthropometric markers were correlated with DNA methylation of 11-betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11BHSD2), leptin, and the LINE1 repetitive DNA element. RESULTS We observed a modest correlation between log AUC for salivary cortisol and methylation of leptin in preterm infants and a negative correlation between methylation of region 1 of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR in term-born infants. There was an association between LINE1 methylation and cortisol response to awakening and a negative correlation between LINE1 and systolic blood pressure at 6-7 years. Methylation of the GR promoter region showed a positive association with systolic blood pressure at 6-7 years of age. CONCLUSIONS These results show that extremely preterm birth, followed by complex patterns of endocrine, cardiovascular, and metabolic exposures during early postnatal life, is associated with lasting changes in DNA methylation patterns in genes involved in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis function, adrenal hormonal regulation, and cardiometabolic risk. IMPACT Preterm infants have significant environmental and physiological exposures during early life that may have lasting impact on later function. Alterations in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) function have been associated with these exposures. We examined the associated changes in DNA methylation of important genes involved in HPA function, metabolism, and global DNA methylation. The changes we saw in DNA methylation may help to explain associated cardiovascular, metabolic, and growth disturbance in these children in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Barbara T. Do
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Carla M. Bann
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan R. Hintz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Betty R. Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jean Lowe
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jamie E. Newman
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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van Dokkum NH, Bachini S, Verkaik-Schakel RN, Baptist DH, Salavati S, Kraft KE, Scherjon SA, Bos AF, Plösch T. Differential Placental DNA Methylation of NR3C1 in Extremely Preterm Infants With Poorer Neurological Functioning. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:876803. [PMID: 35722484 PMCID: PMC9198301 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.876803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding underlying mechanisms of neurodevelopmental impairment following preterm birth may enhance opportunities for targeted interventions. We aimed to assess whether placental DNA methylation of selected genes affected early neurological functioning in preterm infants. METHODS We included 43 infants, with gestational age <30 weeks and/or birth weight <1,000 g and placental samples at birth. We selected genes based on their associations with several prenatal conditions that may be related to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. We determined DNA methylation using pyrosequencing, and neurological functioning at 3 months post-term using Prechtl's General Movement Assessment, including the Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R). RESULTS Twenty-four infants had atypical MOS-R, 19 infants had near-optimal MOS-R. We identified differences in average methylation of NR3C1 (encoding for the glucocorticoid receptor) [3.3% (95%-CI: 2.4%-3.9%) for near-optimal vs. 2.3% (95%-CI: 1.7%-3.0%), p = 0.008 for atypical], and at three of the five individual CpG-sites. For EPO, SLC6A3, TLR4, VEGFA, LEP and HSD11B2 we found no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION Hypomethylation of NR3C1 in placental tissue is associated with poorer neurological functioning at 3 months post-term in extremely preterm infants. Alleviating stress during pregnancy and its impact on preterm infants and their neurodevelopmental outcomes should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke H van Dokkum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Bachini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rikst Nynke Verkaik-Schakel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dyvonne H Baptist
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sahar Salavati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karianne E Kraft
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arend F Bos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Prenatal metal mixtures and sex-specific infant negative affectivity. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e147. [PMID: 33870019 PMCID: PMC8043734 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Prenatal exposure to metals has been associated with a range of adverse neurocognitive outcomes; however, associations with early behavioral development are less well understood. We examined joint exposure to multiple co-occurring metals in relation to infant negative affect, a stable temperamental trait linked to psychopathology among children and adults.
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Berretta E, Guida E, Forni D, Provenzi L. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation during the first thousand days: Environmental exposures and developmental outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:493-502. [PMID: 33689802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first 1000 days from conception are a sensitive period for human development programming. During this period, environmental exposures may result in long-lasting epigenetic imprints that contribute to future developmental trajectories. The present review reports on the effects of adverse and protective environmental conditions occurring during the first 1000 days on glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) regulation in humans. Thirty-four studies were included. Wide variations emerged for biological tissues, number and position of analyzed CpG sites, and age at methylation and outcomes assessment. Increased NR3C1 methylation associated with first 1000 days stress exposures. Maternal caregiving behaviors significantly buffered precocious stress exposures. A less robust pattern of findings emerged for the association of NR3C1 methylation with physical health, neurobehavioral and neuroendocrine outcomes. Although drawing comprehensive conclusions is partially hindered by methodological limitations, the present review underlines the relevance of the first 1000 days from conception as a time window for developmental plasticity. Prospective cohort studies and epigenome-wide approaches may increase our understanding of dynamics epigenetic changes and their consequences for child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Berretta
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Guida
- 0-3 Center for the At-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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7
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Oldenburg KS, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Genetic and epigenetic factors and early life inflammation as predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101115. [PMID: 32444251 PMCID: PMC7363586 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among individuals born very preterm, perinatal inflammation, particularly if sustained or recurring, is highly likely to contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including cerebral white matter damage, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Antecedents and correlates of perinatal inflammation include socioeconomic disadvantage, maternal obesity, maternal infections, fetal growth restriction, neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Genetic factors can modify susceptibility to perinatal inflammation and to neurodevelopmental disorders. Preliminary evidence supports a role of epigenetic markers as potential mediators of the presumed effects of preterm birth and/or its consequences on neurodevelopment later in life. Further study is needed of factors such as sex, psychosocial stressors, and environmental exposures that could modify the relationship of early life inflammation to later neurodevelopmental impairments. Also needed are pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to attenuate inflammation towards the goal of improving the neurodevelopment of individuals born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi S. Oldenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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8
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Combined neurodevelopmental exposure to deltamethrin and corticosterone is associated with Nr3c1 hypermethylation in the midbrain of male mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 80:106887. [PMID: 32348866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and manifests inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in childhood that can last throughout life. Genetic and environmental studies implicate the dopamine system in ADHD pathogenesis. Work from our group and that of others indicates that deltamethrin insecticide and stress exposure during neurodevelopment leads to alterations in dopamine function, and we hypothesized that exposure to both of these factors together would lead to synergistic effects on DNA methylation of key genes within the midbrain, a highly dopaminergic region, that could contribute to these findings. Through targeted next-generation sequencing of a panel of cortisol and dopamine pathway genes, we observed hypermethylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, Nr3c1, in the midbrain of C57/BL6N males in response to dual deltamethrin and corticosterone exposures during development. This is the first description of DNA methylation studies of Nr3c1 and key dopaminergic genes within the midbrain in response to a pyrethroid insecticide, corticosterone, and these two exposures together. Our results provide possible connections between environmental exposures that impact the dopamine system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via changes in DNA methylation and provides new information about the presence of epigenetic effects in adulthood after exposure during neurodevelopment.
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9
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Peñalver Bernabé B, Maki PM, Dowty SM, Salas M, Cralle L, Shah Z, Gilbert JA. Precision medicine in perinatal depression in light of the human microbiome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:915-941. [PMID: 32065252 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal depression is the most common complication of pregnancy and affects the mother, fetus, and infant. Recent preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical studies have suggested an influence of the gut microbiome on the onset and course of mental health disorders. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge regarding genetics, epigenetics, heritability, and neuro-immuno-endocrine systems biology in perinatal mood disorders, with a particular focus on the interaction between these factors and the gut microbiome, which is mediated via the gut-brain axis. We also provide an overview of experimental and analytical methods that are currently available to researchers interested in elucidating the influence of the gut microbiome on mental health disorders during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon M Dowty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariana Salas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lauren Cralle
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zainab Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Scripts Oceanographic Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Rosenfeld CS. The placenta-brain-axis. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:271-283. [PMID: 32108381 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long-standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta-brain-axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental-specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental-brain-axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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11
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Microorganisms in the Placenta: Links to Early-Life Inflammation and Neurodevelopment in Children. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/3/e00103-18. [PMID: 31043389 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to various stressors can influence both early and later life childhood health. Microbial infection of the intrauterine environment, specifically within the placenta, has been associated with deleterious birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, as well as adverse neurological outcomes later in life. The relationships among microorganisms in the placenta, placental function, and fetal development are not well understood. Microorganisms have been associated with perinatal inflammatory responses that have the potential for disrupting fetal brain development. Microbial presence has also been associated with epigenetic modifications in the placenta, as well other tissues. Here we review research detailing the presence of microorganisms in the placenta and associations among such microorganisms, placental DNA methylation, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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12
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Addo KA, Bulka C, Dhingra R, Santos HP, Smeester L, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta of the extremely low gestational age newborn (ELGAN) cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz010. [PMID: 31404209 PMCID: PMC6682751 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is considered the safest antipyretic and analgesic medication for pregnant women. However, studies have reported that acetaminophen has endocrine disrupting properties and prenatal exposure has been associated with early life epigenetic changes and later life health outcomes. As the placenta is the central mediator of maternal and fetal interactions, exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy could manifest as perturbations in the placenta epigenome. Here, we evaluated epigenome-wide cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) methylation in placental tissue in relation to maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy in a cohort of 286 newborns born prior to 28 weeks gestation. According to maternal self-report, more than half (166 of 286) of the newborns were exposed to acetaminophen in utero. After adjustment for potential confounders, a total of 42 CpGs were identified to be differentially methylated at a false discovery rate < 0.05, with most displaying increased methylation as it relates to acetaminophen exposure. A notable gene that was significantly associated with acetaminophen is the prostaglandin receptor (PTGDR) which plays an essential role in mediating placental blood flow and fetal growth. Moreover, for 6 of the 42 CpGs, associations of acetaminophen use with methylation were significantly different between male and female placentas; 3 CpG sites were associated with acetaminophen use in the male placenta and 3 different sites were associated with acetaminophen use in the female placenta (P interaction < 0.2). These findings highlight a relationship between maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and the placental epigenome and suggest that the responses for some CpG sites are sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia A Addo
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Correspondence address. Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Rosenau Hall, Rm 166, Campus Box 7431, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Tel: +1-919-966-1171; Fax: +1-919-966-7911; E-mail:
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13
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Meakin CJ, Martin EM, Szilagyi JT, Nylander-French LA, Fry RC. Inorganic Arsenic as an Endocrine Disruptor: Modulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway in Placental Cells via CpG Methylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:493-499. [PMID: 30746931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with adverse developmental and reproductive outcomes. These outcomes may be tied to altered functionality of nuclear transcription factors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the placenta and associated gene expression. The GR pathway is integral for proper fetal and placental development, and perturbations in this pathway may underlie observed associations between prenatal iAs exposure and adverse birth outcomes. We therefore set out to investigate whether iAs modulates the GR signaling pathway in placental cells. JEG-3 trophoblasts were exposed to environmentally-relevant doses of iAs, and mRNA expression assessed. To examine the links between iAs exposure, the GR signaling pathway, and epigenetic modification, DNA methylation levels were also quantified. Treatment with iAs altered the expression of 12 GR-genes that play a role in fetal and placental development. Furthermore, at a gene-specific level, mRNA abundance was associated with changes in DNA methylation patterning in JEG-3 cells, suggesting that the effects of iAs are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The identified target genes have been associated with prenatal iAs exposure, placental physiology, and fetal development. This study provides further evidence for iAs as an endocrine disruptor and provides insight as to the mechanisms by which prenatal iAs exposure may induce adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Meakin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27516 , United States
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, Durham , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27516 , United States
| | - Leena A Nylander-French
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27516 , United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27516 , United States
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Folger AT, Ding L, Ji H, Yolton K, Ammerman RT, Van Ginkel JB, Bowers K. Neonatal NR3C1 Methylation and Social-Emotional Development at 6 and 18 Months of Age. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:14. [PMID: 30804765 PMCID: PMC6371639 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The variation in childhood social-emotional development within at-risk populations may be attributed in part to epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) that respond to environmental stressors. These mechanisms may partially underlie the degree of vulnerability (and resilience) to negative social-emotional development within adverse psychosocial environments. Extensive research supports an association between maternal adversity and offspring DNAm of the NR3C1 gene, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). A gap in knowledge remains regarding the relationship between NR3C1 DNAm, measured in neonatal (1-month of age) buccal cells, and subsequent social-emotional development during infancy and early childhood. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of n = 53 mother-child dyads (n = 30 with developmental outcomes formed the basis of current study) who were enrolled in a home visiting (HV) program. Higher mean DNAm of the NR3C1 exon 1F promoter was significantly associated with lower 6-month Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) scores—more positive infant social-emotional functioning. A similar trend was observed at 18-months of age in a smaller sample (n = 12). The findings of this pilot study indicate that in a diverse and disadvantaged population, the level of neonatal NR3C1 DNAm is related to later social-emotional development. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo T Folger
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lili Ding
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Robert T Ammerman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Judith B Van Ginkel
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine Bowers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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15
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Lester BM, Conradt E, LaGasse LL, Tronick EZ, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ. Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behavior in the Human Infant. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2017-1890. [PMID: 30257918 PMCID: PMC6192679 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5804912859001PEDS-VA_2017-1890Video Abstract OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine if variations in maternal care alter DNA methylation in term, healthy, 5-month-old infants. This work was based on landmark studies in animal models demonstrating that nurturing care by dams would alter their newborns' stress responses through epigenetic mechanisms. We used breastfeeding as a proxy for animal maternal behavior. We hypothesized alterations in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and less hypothalamic stress response in infants of mothers who breastfed their infants versus infants of mothers who did not breastfeed. METHODS A cohort study of term, healthy infants and their mothers who did (n = 21) or did not (n = 21) breastfeed for the first 5 months was used in this analysis. Cortisol stress reactivity was measured in infant saliva by using a mother-infant interaction procedure and DNA methylation of an important regulatory region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Changes in DNA methylation of this gene in humans were compared to homologous regions of the rat gene. DNA samples were prepared from cheek swabs and subjected to quantitative analysis of the extent of methylation by using sensitive sequencing techniques. RESULTS Breastfeeding was associated with decreased DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor promoter and decreased cortisol reactivity in 5-month-old infants. Decreased DNA methylation occurred in the promoter region involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and immune system responses. CONCLUSIONS Maternal care in humans may impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response through behavioral programming and manifest as offspring epigenetic change. These results explain, in part, some of the positive effects observed in children who are breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence,
Rhode Island;,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island;,Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island,
Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Linda L. LaGasse
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence,
Rhode Island;,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island;,Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island,
Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - James F. Padbury
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island;,Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island,
Providence, Rhode Island
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16
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Meakin CJ, Martin EM, Santos HP, Mokrova I, Kuban K, O'Shea TM, Joseph RM, Smeester L, Fry RC. Placental CpG methylation of HPA-axis genes is associated with cognitive impairment at age 10 among children born extremely preterm. Horm Behav 2018; 101:29-35. [PMID: 29477804 PMCID: PMC6354776 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major component of the neuroendocrine system is the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis genes are also known to play a role in placental physiology. Thus, disruptions in the signaling of HPA axis-associated genes may adversely impact the placenta as well as fetal development, with adverse consequences for health and development of the child. In support of this, recent studies have shown that placental epigenetic methylation of HPA axis genes has an impact on infant behavior. In this study, we evaluated CpG methylation of 14 placental HPA axis-associated genes from a subcohort (n=228) of the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort in relation to cognitive function in mid-childhood (e.g. 10 yrs). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that placental CpG methylation of 10 HPA-axis associated genes were significantly associated with cognition at age 10. Specifically, placental CpG methylation levels of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily Group 3 C Member 1 (NR3C1) and Brain-derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) were significantly associated with increased odds in developing moderate/severe adverse cognitive impairment at age 10. Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) was the major transcriptional regulator of the ten identified HPA genes. The data suggest that placental CpG methylation is associated with cognitive outcomes in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Meakin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E M Martin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H P Santos
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - I Mokrova
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T M O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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The Vast Complexity of the Epigenetic Landscape during Neurodevelopment: An Open Frame to Understanding Brain Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051333. [PMID: 29723958 PMCID: PMC5983638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses to external stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise a group of process that regulate genetic expression without changing the DNA sequence, and they contribute to the necessary plasticity of individuals to face a constantly changing medium. These mechanisms act in conjunction with genetic pools and their correct interactions will be crucial to zygote formation, embryo development, and brain tissue organization. In this work, we will summarize the main findings related to DNA methylation and histone modifications in embryonic stem cells and throughout early development phases. Furthermore, we will critically outline some key observations on how epigenetic mechanisms influence the rest of the developmental process and how long its footprint is extended from fecundation to adulthood.
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18
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Abstract
Background The placenta is the central regulator of maternal and fetal interactions. Perturbations of placental structure and function have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life. Placental CpG methylation represents an epigenetic modification with the potential to impact placental function, fetal development and child health later in life. Study design Genome-wide placental CpG methylation levels were compared between spontaneous versus indicated deliveries from extremely preterm births (EPTBs) (n = 84). The association between the identified differentially methylated CpG sites and neurocognitive outcome at ten years of age was then evaluated. Results Spontaneous EPTB was associated with differential CpG methylation levels in 250 CpG sites (217 unique genes) with the majority displaying hypermethylation. The identified genes are known to play a role in neurodevelopment and are enriched for basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor binding sites. The placental CpG methylation levels for 17 of these sites predicted cognitive function at ten years of age. Conclusion A hypermethylation signature is present in DNA from placentas in infants with spontaneous EPTB. CpG methylation levels of critical neurodevelopment genes in the placenta predicted later life cognitive function, supporting the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis (DOHaD).
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19
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Lester BM, Marsit CJ. Epigenetic mechanisms in the placenta related to infant neurodevelopment. Epigenomics 2018; 10:321-333. [PMID: 29381081 PMCID: PMC6219448 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the 'third brain' the placenta links the developing fetal brain and the maternal brain enabling study of epigenetic process in placental genes that affect infant neurodevelopment. We described the characteristics and findings of the 17 studies on epigenetic processes in placental genes and human infant neurobehavior. Studies showed consistent findings in the same cohort of term healthy infants across epigenetic processes (DNA methylation, genome wide, gene and miRNA expression) genomic region (single and multiple genes, imprinted genes and miRNAs) using candidate gene and genome wide approaches and across biobehavioral systems (neurobehavior, cry acoustics and neuroendocrine). Despite limitations, studies support future work on molecular processes in placental genes related to neurodevelopmental trajectories including implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Gonzalez A, Catherine N, Boyle M, Jack SM, Atkinson L, Kobor M, Sheehan D, Tonmyr L, Waddell C, MacMillan HL. Healthy Foundations Study: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate biological embedding of early-life experiences. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018915. [PMID: 29374668 PMCID: PMC5829768 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse early experiences are associated with long-lasting disruptions in physiology, development and health. These experiences may be 'biologically embedded' into molecular and genomic systems that determine later expressions of vulnerability. Most studies to date have not examined whether preventive interventions can potentially reverse biological embedding. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is an evidence-based intervention with demonstrated efficacy in improving prenatal health, parenting and child functioning. The Healthy Foundations Study is an innovative birth cohort which will evaluate the impact of the NFP on biological outcomes of mothers and their infants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Starting in 2013, up to 400 pregnant mothers and their newborns were recruited from the British Columbia Healthy Connections Project-a randomised controlled trial of the NFP, and will be followed to child aged 2 years. Women were recruited prior to 28 weeks' gestation and then individually randomised to receive existing services (comparison group) or NFP plus existing services (intervention group). Hair samples are collected from mothers at baseline and 2 months post partum to measure physiological stress. Saliva samples are collected from infants during all visits for analyses of stress and immune function. Buccal swabs are collected from infants at 2 and 24 months to assess DNA methylation. Biological samples will be related to child outcome measures at age 2 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received ethical approval from seven research ethics boards. Findings from this study will be shared broadly with the research community through peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations, as well as seminars with our policy partners and relevant healthcare providers. The outcomes of this study will provide all stakeholders with important information regarding how early adversity may lead to health and behavioural disparities and how these may be altered through early interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01672060; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gonzalez
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Catherine
- Children’s Health Policy Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- Department of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Debbie Sheehan
- Children’s Health Policy Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Family Violence Surveillance, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte Waddell
- Psychiatry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Zhang W, Finik J, Dana K, Glover V, Ham J, Nomura Y. Prenatal Depression and Infant Temperament: The Moderating Role of Placental Gene Expression. INFANCY 2017; 23:211-231. [PMID: 30393466 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated the link between maternal depression during pregnancy (i.e., prenatal depression) and increased neurodevelopmental dysregulation in offspring. However, little is known about the roles of key hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulatory genes in the placenta modulating this association. This study will examine whether placental gene expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), and mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2) can help elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking prenatal depression to infant temperament, particularly in infants with high negativity and low emotion regulation. Stored placenta tissues (N = 153) were used to quantify messenger ribonucleic acid levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2. Assessments of prenatal depression and infant temperament at 6 months of age were ascertained via maternal report. Results found that prenatal depression was associated with increased Negative Affectivity (p < .05) after controlling for postnatal depression and psychosocial characteristics. Furthermore, the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity was moderated by gene expression levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2 such that greater gene expression significantly lessened the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity. Our findings suggest that individual differences in placental gene expression may be used as an early marker of susceptibility or resilience to prenatal adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackie Finik
- Queens College, CUNY and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, CUNY
| | - Kathryn Dana
- Queens College, CUNY and The Graduate Center, CUNY
| | | | - Jacob Ham
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Queens College, CUNY and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Graduate Center, CUNY
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22
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Appleton AA, Jackson BP, Karagas M, Marsit CJ. Prenatal exposure to neurotoxic metals is associated with increased placental glucocorticoid receptor DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2017; 12:607-615. [PMID: 28548590 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1320637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations related to prenatal neurotoxic metals exposure may be key in understanding the origins of cognitive and neurobehavioral problems in children. Placental glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) methylation has been linked to neurobehavioral risk in early life, but has not been examined in response to neurotoxic metals exposure despite parallel lines of research showing metals exposure and NR3C1 methylation each contribute to a similar set of neurobehavioral phenotypes. Thus, we conducted a study of prenatal neurotoxic metals exposure and placental NR3C1 methylation in a cohort of healthy term singleton pregnancies from Rhode Island, USA (n = 222). Concentrations of arsenic (As; median 0.02 ug/g), cadmium (Cd; median 0.03 μg/g), lead (Pb; median 0.40 μg/g), manganese (Mn; median 0.56 μg/g), mercury (Hg; median 0.02 μg/g), and zinc (Zn; 145.18 μg/g) measured in infant toenails were categorized as tertiles. Multivariable linear regression models tested the independent associations for each metal with NR3C1 methylation, as well as the cumulative risk of exposure to multiple metals simultaneously. Compared to the lowest exposure tertiles, higher levels of As, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Hg were each associated with increased placental NR3C1 methylation (all P<0.02). Coefficients for these associations corresponded with a 0.71-1.41 percent increase in NR3C1 methylation per tertile increase in metals concentrations. For Zn, the lowest exposure tertile compared with the highest tertile was associated with 1.26 percent increase in NR3C1 methylation (P=0.01). Higher cumulative metal risk scores were marginally associated with greater NR3C1 methylation. Taken together, these results indicate that prenatal exposure to neurotoxic metals may affect the offspring's NR3C1 activity, which may help explain cognitive and neurodevelopmental risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Appleton
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University at Albany School of Public Health , Rensselaer , NY , USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- b Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Margaret Karagas
- c Department of Epidemiology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- d Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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23
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Conradt E. Using Principles of Behavioral Epigenetics to Advance Research on Early-Life Stress. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2017; 11:107-112. [PMID: 29081832 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the negative effects of early-life stress on children's developmental outcomes are well documented, we know little about how these processes unfold and which children are more susceptible to these exposures. In this article, I outline how studying the effects of early-life stress on children's development can be advanced by considering how epigenetic processes may contribute to the emergence of children's behavior. The study of epigenetics can help pinpoint the mechanisms by which early-life stress may affect developmental outcomes and identify which children may be most sensitive to the effects of these exposures. I conclude by highlighting the challenges inherent in studying epigenetics in children and offer possible solutions.
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24
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Giarraputo J, DeLoach J, Padbury J, Uzun A, Marsit C, Hawes K, Lester B. Medical morbidities and DNA methylation of NR3C1 in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:68-74. [PMID: 27653086 PMCID: PMC5313510 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are no accepted "normal" levels of circulating cortisol in preterm infants, critically ill preterm infants show lower cortisol levels than healthy preterm infants. The regulation of cortisol reactivity by epigenetic changes in glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) expression has been demonstrated. This study aims to examine the relationship between medical morbidities in preterm infants and DNA methylation of NR3C1. METHODS Pyrosequencing was used to determine DNA methylation in CpG sites 1-4 of promoter region 1F of NR3C1. Cluster analysis placed 67 preterm infants born <1,500 g into groups based on medical morbidities. The DNA methylation pattern was compared across groups. RESULTS Cluster analysis identified a high medical risk cluster and a low medical risk cluster. A Mann-Whitney U-test showed lower methylation at CpG1 for infants in the high-risk group (M = 0.336, SE = 0.084) than infants in the low-risk group (M = 0.617, SE = 0.109, P = 0.032). The false discovery rate was low (q = 0.025). Cohen's D effect size was moderate (0.525). CONCLUSION Decreased DNA methylation of CpG1 of NR3C1 in high-risk infants may allow for increased binding of transcription factors involved in the stress response, repair and regulation of NR3C1. This may ensure healthy growth in high-risk preterm infants over increasing cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Giarraputo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jordan DeLoach
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James Padbury
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Departments of Pediatrics, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alper Uzun
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Departments of Pediatrics, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Katheleen Hawes
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Departments of Pediatrics, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Barry Lester
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Departments of Pediatrics, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, Rhode Island
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25
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Stroud LR, Papandonatos GD, Salisbury AL, Phipps MG, Huestis MA, Niaura R, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ, Lester BM. Epigenetic Regulation of Placental NR3C1: Mechanism Underlying Prenatal Programming of Infant Neurobehavior by Maternal Smoking? Child Dev 2016; 87:49-60. [PMID: 26822442 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) was investigated as a mechanism underlying links between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and infant neurobehavior in 45 mother-infant pairs (49% MSDP-exposed; 52% minorities; ages 18-35). The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered 7 times over the 1st postnatal month; methylation of placental NR3C1 was assessed via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Increased placental NR3C1 methylation was associated with increased infant attention and self-regulation, and decreased lethargy and need for examiner soothing over the 1st postnatal month. A causal steps approach revealed that NR3C1 methylation and MSDP were independently associated with lethargic behavior. Although preliminary, results highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in elucidating pathways to neurobehavioral alterations from MSDP.
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26
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Parade SH, Ridout KK, Seifer R, Armstrong DA, Marsit CJ, McWilliams MA, Tyrka AR. Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Promoter in Preschoolers: Links With Internalizing Behavior Problems. Child Dev 2016; 87:86-97. [PMID: 26822445 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that early adversity is linked to methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, NR3C1, which is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Yet no prior work has considered the contribution of methylation of NR3C1 to emerging behavior problems and psychopathology in childhood. This study examined the links between methylation of NR3C1 and behavior problems in preschoolers. Data were drawn from a sample of preschoolers with early adversity (n = 171). Children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, were racially and ethnically diverse, and nearly all qualified for public assistance. Seventy-one children had child welfare documentation of moderate to severe maltreatment in the past 6 months. Structured record review and interviews in the home were used to assess early adversity. Parents reported on child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Methylation of NR3C1 at exons 1D , 1F , and 1H were measured via sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing from saliva DNA. Methylation of NR3C1 at exons 1D and 1F was positively associated with internalizing (r = .21, p < .01 and r = .23, p < .01, respectively), but not externalizing, behavior problems. Furthermore, NR3C1 methylation mediated effects of early adversity on internalizing behavior problems. These results suggest that methylation of NR3C1 contributes to psychopathology in young children, and NR3C1 methylation from saliva DNA is salient to behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald Seifer
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,E. P. Bradley Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Butler Hospital
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27
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Kertes DA, Kamin HS, Hughes DA, Rodney NC, Bhatt S, Mulligan CJ. Prenatal Maternal Stress Predicts Methylation of Genes Regulating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System in Mothers and Newborns in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Child Dev 2016; 87:61-72. [PMID: 26822443 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress early in life permanently shapes activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the brain. Prenatally, glucocorticoids pass through the placenta to the fetus with postnatal impacts on brain development, birth weight (BW), and HPA axis functioning. Little is known about the biological mechanisms by which prenatal stress affects postnatal functioning. This study addresses this gap by examining the effect of chronic stress and traumatic war-related stress on epigenetic changes in four key genes regulating the HPA axis in neonatal cord blood, placenta, and maternal blood: CRH, CRHBP, NR3C1, and FKBP5. Participants were 24 mother-newborn dyads in the conflict-ridden region of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. BW data were collected at delivery and maternal interviews were conducted to assess culturally relevant chronic and war-related stressors. Chronic stress and war trauma had widespread effects on HPA axis gene methylation, with significant effects observed at transcription factor binding (TFB) sites in all target genes tested. Some changes in methylation were unique to chronic or war stress, whereas others were observed across both stressor types. Moreover, stress exposures impacted maternal and fetal tissues differently, supporting theoretical models that stress impacts vary according to life phase. Methylation in several NR3C1 and CRH CpG sites, all located at TFB sites, was associated with BW. These findings suggest that prenatal stress exposure impacts development via epigenetic changes in HPA axis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Hughes
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
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Palma-Gudiel H, Córdova-Palomera A, Eixarch E, Deuschle M, Fañanás L. Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy alters the epigenetic signature of the glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter in their offspring: a meta-analysis. Epigenetics 2016; 10:893-902. [PMID: 26327302 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1088630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress has been widely associated with a number of short- and long-term pathological outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms are thought to partially mediate these environmental insults into the fetal physiology. One of the main targets of developmental programming is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as it is the main regulator of the stress response. Accordingly, an increasing number of researchers have recently focused on the putative association between DNA methylation at the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and prenatal stress, among other types of psychosocial stress. The current study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence linking several forms of prenatal stress with DNA methylation at the region 1F of the NR3C1 gene. The inclusion of relevant articles allowed combining empirical evidence from 977 individuals by meta-analytic techniques, whose methylation assessments showed overlap across 5 consecutive CpG sites (GRCh37/hg19 chr5:142,783,607-142,783,639). From this information, methylation levels at CpG site 36 displayed a significant correlation to prenatal stress (r = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23, P = 0.002). This result supports the proposed association between a specific CpG site located at the NR3C1 promoter and prenatal stress. Several confounders, such as gender, methylation at other glucocorticoid-related genes, and adjustment for pharmacological treatments during pregnancy, should be taken into account in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Palma-Gudiel
- a Anthropology Unit; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology; and Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universidad de Barcelona (UB) ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - A Córdova-Palomera
- a Anthropology Unit; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology; and Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universidad de Barcelona (UB) ; Barcelona , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - E Eixarch
- c Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center; BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine; Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain.,d Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - M Deuschle
- e Central Institute of Mental Health; Faculty of Medicine Mannheim; University of Heidelberg ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - L Fañanás
- a Anthropology Unit; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology; and Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universidad de Barcelona (UB) ; Barcelona , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ; Madrid , Spain
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Ostlund BD, Conradt E, Crowell SE, Tyrka AR, Marsit CJ, Lester BM. Prenatal Stress, Fearfulness, and the Epigenome: Exploratory Analysis of Sex Differences in DNA Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:147. [PMID: 27462209 PMCID: PMC4940423 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress in utero is a risk factor for the development of problem behavior in the offspring, though precise pathways are unknown. We examined whether DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, NR3C1, was associated with experiences of stress by an expectant mother and fearfulness in her infant. Mothers reported on prenatal stress and infant temperament when infants were 5 months old (n = 68). Buccal cells for methylation analysis were collected from each infant. Prenatal stress was not related to infant fearfulness or NR3C1 methylation in the sample as a whole. Exploratory sex-specific analysis revealed a trend-level association between prenatal stress and increased methylation of NR3C1 exon 1F for female, but not male, infants. In addition, increased methylation was significantly associated with greater fearfulness for females. Results suggest an experience-dependent pathway to fearfulness for female infants via epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Future studies should examine prenatal stress in a comprehensive fashion while considering sex differences in epigenetic processes underlying infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Ostlund
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabeth Conradt
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sheila E Crowell
- Department of Psychology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorder Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler HospitalProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA; The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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Monk C, Feng T, Lee S, Krupska I, Champagne FA, Tycko B. Distress During Pregnancy: Epigenetic Regulation of Placenta Glucocorticoid-Related Genes and Fetal Neurobehavior. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:705-13. [PMID: 27013342 PMCID: PMC5026410 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased risk of psychopathology is observed in children exposed to maternal prenatal distress, and elevated maternal cortisol and epigenetic regulation of placental glucocorticoid-pathway genes are potential mechanisms. The authors examined maternal distress and salivary cortisol in relation to fetal movement and heart rate ("coupling") and DNA methylation of three glucocorticoid pathway genes-HSD11B2, NR3C1, and FKBP5-in term placentas. METHOD Mood questionnaires and salivary cortisol were collected from 61 women between 24-27 gestational weeks, and fetal assessment was conducted at 34-37 weeks. Placental CpG methylation in the three genes was analyzed using 450K Beadchips and bisulfite sequencing; correlations between maternal and fetal variables and DNA methylation were tested; and maternal distress effects on fetal behavior via DNA methylation were investigated. RESULTS Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), but not cortisol, was associated with altered CpG methylation in placentas. In the highest tertile of the Perceived Stress Scale, the Beadchip data revealed modestly elevated methylation of HSD11B2, associated with lower fetal coupling (β=-0.51), and modestly elevated methylation of FKBP5, also with lower fetal coupling (β=-0.47). These increases in methylation were validated by bisulfite sequencing, where they occurred in a minority of clones. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to link the effects of pregnant women's distress on the fetus and epigenetic changes in placental genes. Since increased DNA methylation in HSD11B2 and FKBP5 are seen in a minority of bisulfite sequencing clones, these epigenetic changes, and functional consequences, may affect subpopulations of placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Monk
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Tianshu Feng
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Izabela Krupska
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Frances A Champagne
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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Paquette AG, Houseman EA, Green BB, Lesseur C, Armstrong DA, Lester B, Marsit CJ. Regions of variable DNA methylation in human placenta associated with newborn neurobehavior. Epigenetics 2016; 11:603-13. [PMID: 27366929 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1195534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta regulates the in utero environment and functionally impacts fetal development. Candidate gene studies identified variation in placental DNA methylation is associated with newborn neurologic and behavioral outcomes including movement quality, lethargic behavior, attention, and arousal. We sought to identify novel regions of variable DNA methylation associated with newborn attention, lethargy, quality of movement, and arousal by performing an epigenome-wide association study in 335 infants from a US birth cohort. Methylation status was quantified using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array and associations to newborn outcomes assessed by the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) were identified while incorporating established bioinformatics algorithms to control for confounding by cell type composition. Methylation of CpGs within FHIT (cg15970800) and ANKRD11 (cg16710656) demonstrated genome-wide significance (P < 1.8 × 10(-7)) in specific associations with infant attention. CpGs whose differential methylation was associated with all 4 neurobehavioral outcomes were common to 50 genes involved in biological processes relating to cellular adhesion and nervous system development. Comprehensive methylation profiling identified relationships between methylation of FHIT and ANKRD11, which have been previously linked to neurodevelopment and behavioral outcomes in genetic association studies. Subtle changes in DNA methylation of these genes within the placenta may impact normal variation of a newborn's ability to alter and track visual and auditory stimuli. Gene ontology analysis suggested that those genes with variable methylation related to these outcomes are over-represented in biological pathways involved in brain development and placental physiology, supportive of our hypothesis for a key role of the placenta in neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - E Andres Houseman
- b School of Biological and Population Health Sciences , College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Benjamin B Green
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - David A Armstrong
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Barry Lester
- c Department of Pediatrics , Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA
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Sheinkopf SJ, Righi G, Marsit CJ, Lester BM. Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1) in Placenta Is Associated with Infant Cry Acoustics. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:100. [PMID: 27313516 PMCID: PMC4889592 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulating expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter may influence behavioral and biological aspects of stress response in human infants. Acoustic features of infant crying are an indicator of neurobehavioral and neurological status not yet investigated in relation to epigenetic mechanisms. We examined NR3C1 methylation in placental tissue from a series of 120 healthy newborn infants in relation to a detailed set of acoustic features extracted from newborn infant cries. We identified significant associations of NR3C1 methylation with energy variation in infants' cries as well as with the presence of very high fundamental frequency in cry utterances. The presence of high fundamental frequency in cry (above 1 kHz) has been linked to poor vocal tract control, poor regulation of stress response, and may be an indicator or poor neurobehavioral integrity. Thus, these results add to evidence linking epigenetic alteration of the NR3C1 gene in the placenta to neurodevelopmental features in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sheinkopf
- The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and Infants HospitalProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Giulia Righi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and Infants HospitalProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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Methylation of exons 1D, 1F, and 1H of the glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter and exposure to adversity in preschool-aged children. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:577-85. [PMID: 25997773 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications to the genome are a key mechanism involved in the biological encoding of experience. Animal studies and a growing body of literature in humans have shown that early adversity is linked to methylation of the gene for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as a broad range of physiological systems including metabolic and immune function. One hundred eighty-four families participated, including n = 74 with child welfare documentation of moderate-severe maltreatment in the past 6 months. Children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, and were racially and ethnically diverse. Structured record review and interviews in the home were used to assess a history of maltreatment, other traumas, and contextual life stressors, and a composite variable assessed the number exposures to these adversities. Methylation of regions 1(D), 1(F), and 1(H) of the GR gene was measured via sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing. The composite measure of adversity was positively correlated with methylation at exons 1(D) and 1(F) in the promoter of the GR gene. Individual stress measures were significantly associated with a several CpG sites in these regions. GR gene methylation may be a mechanism of the biobehavioral effects of adverse exposures in young children.
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Li-Tempel T, Larra MF, Sandt E, Mériaux SB, Schote AB, Schächinger H, Muller CP, Turner JD. The cardiovascular and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress is controlled by glucocorticoid receptor sequence variants and promoter methylation. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:12. [PMID: 26823689 PMCID: PMC4730588 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender, genetic makeup, and prior experience interact to determine physiological responses to an external perceived stressor. Here, we investigated the contribution of both genetic variants and promoter methylation of the NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) gene to the cardiovascular and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to the socially evaluated cold pressor test (seCPT). RESULTS Two hundred thirty-two healthy participants were recruited and underwent the experiment. They were randomly assigned to either the seCPT group (cold water) or a control group (warm water). The seCPT group had a clear stress reaction; salivary cortisol levels and peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure all increased significantly compared to the control group. GR genotype (TthIIII, NR3C1-I, 1H, E22E, R23K, BclI and 9beta) and methylation data were obtained from 218 participants. Haplotypes were built from the GR genotypes, and haplotype 2 (minor allele of BclI) carriers had a higher cortisol response to the seCPT in comparison to non-carriers (20.77 ± 13.22; 14.99 ± 8.42; p = 0.034), as well as independently of the experimental manipulation, higher baseline heart rate (72.44 ± 10.99; 68.74 ± 9.79; p = 0.022) and blood pressure (115.81 ± 10.47; 111.61 ± 10.74; p = 0.048). Average methylation levels throughout promoter 1F and 1H were low (2.76 and 1.69 %, respectively), but there was a strong correlation between individual CpGs and the distance separating them (Pearson's correlation r = 0.725, p = 3.03 × 10(-26)). Higher promoter-wide methylation levels were associated with decreased baseline blood pressure, and when incorporated into a linear mixed effect model significantly predicted lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure evolution over time in response to the experimental manipulation. The underlying genotype significantly predicted methylation levels; particularly, the homozygous BclI minor allele was associated with higher methylation in promoter 1H (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies linking epigenetic modifications of the GR promoter, receptor genotype and physiological measures of the stress response. At baseline, there were clear genetic and epigenetic effects on blood pressure. The seCPT induced a strong cardiovascular and HPA axis response, and both systems were affected by the functional genetic variants, although methylation also predicted blood pressure reactivity. The return to baseline was predominantly influenced by the genomic sequence. Overall, the physiological response to the seCPT is controlled by an exquisite mix of genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li-Tempel
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Mauro F Larra
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Estelle Sandt
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Andrea B Schote
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg ; Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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The omniscient placenta: Metabolic and epigenetic regulation of fetal programming. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 39:28-37. [PMID: 26368654 PMCID: PMC4681645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal development could be considered a sensitive period wherein exogenous insults and changes to the maternal milieu can have long-term impacts on developmental programming. The placenta provides the fetus with protection and necessary nutrients for growth, and responds to maternal cues and changes in nutrient signaling through multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The X-linked enzyme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) acts as a nutrient sensor that modifies numerous proteins to alter various cellular signals, including major epigenetic processes. This review describes epigenetic alterations in the placenta in response to insults during pregnancy, the potential links of OGT as a nutrient sensor to placental epigenetics, and the implications of placental epigenetics in long-term neurodevelopmental programming. We describe the role of placental OGT in the sex-specific programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis programming deficits by early prenatal stress as an example of how placental signaling can have long-term effects on neurodevelopment.
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Lester BM, Marsit CJ, Giarraputo J, Hawes K, LaGasse LL, Padbury JF. Neurobehavior related to epigenetic differences in preterm infants. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1123-36. [PMID: 26585459 PMCID: PMC5551936 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preterm birth is associated with medical problems affecting the neuroendocrine system, altering cortisol levels resulting in negative effects on newborn neurobehavior. Newborn neurobehavior is regulated by DNA methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2. AIM Determine if methylation of HSD11B2 and NR3C1 is associated with neurobehavioral profiles in preterm infants. PATIENTS & METHODS Neurobehavior was measured before discharge from the hospital in 67 preterm infants. Cheek swabs were collected for DNA extraction. RESULTS Infants with the high-risk neurobehavioral profile showed more methylation than infants with the low-risk neurobehavioral profile at CpG3 for NR3C1 and less methylation of CpG3 for HSD11B2. Infants with these profiles were more likely to have increased methylation of NR3C1 and decreased methylation of HSD11B2 at these CpG sites. CONCLUSION Preterm birth is associated with epigenetic differences in genes that regulate cortisol levels related to high-risk neurobehavioral profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Lester
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology & Community & Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - James Giarraputo
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katheleen Hawes
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L LaGasse
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James F Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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Marsit CJ. Influence of environmental exposure on human epigenetic regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:71-9. [PMID: 25568453 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants can alter epigenetic regulatory features such as DNA methylation and microRNA expression. As the sensitivity of epigenomic regulatory features may be greatest during the in utero period, when critical windows are narrow, and when epigenomic profiles are being set, this review will highlight research focused on that period. I will focus on work in human populations, where the impact of environmental toxicants in utero, including cigarette smoke and toxic trace metals such as arsenic, mercury and manganese, on genome-wide, gene-specific DNA methylation has been assessed. In particular, arsenic is highlighted, as this metalloid has been the focus of a number of studies and its detoxification mechanisms are well understood. Importantly, the tissues and cells being examined must be considered in context in order to interpret the findings of these studies. For example, by studying the placenta, it is possible to identify potential epigenetic adaptations of key genes and pathways that may alter the developmental course in line with the developmental origins of health and disease paradigm. Alternatively, studies of newborn cord blood can be used to examine how environmental exposure in utero can impact the composition of cells within the peripheral blood, leading to immunological effects of exposure. The results suggest that in humans, like other vertebrates, there is a susceptibility for epigenomic alteration by the environment during intrauterine development, and this may represent a mechanism of plasticity of the organism in response to its environment as well as a mechanism through which long-term health consequences can be shaped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics in the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Paquette AG, Lester BM, Lesseur C, Armstrong DA, Guerin DJ, Appleton AA, Marsit CJ. Placental epigenetic patterning of glucocorticoid response genes is associated with infant neurodevelopment. Epigenomics 2015; 7:767-79. [PMID: 26343289 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine associations between methylation of NR3C1, HSD11B2, FKBP5 and ADCYAP1R1 and newborn neurobehavioral outcomes. METHODS In 537 newborns, placental methylation was quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Profiles of neurobehavior were derived via the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scales. Using exploratory factor analysis, the relationships between methylation factor scores and neurobehavioral profiles were examined. RESULTS Increased scores of the factor characterized by NR3C1 methylation were associated with membership in a reactive, poorly regulated profile (odds ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.00-2.18), while increased scores of the factor characterized by HSD11B2 methylation reduced this risk. CONCLUSION These results suggest that coordinated regulation of these genes influences neurobehavior and demonstrates the importance of examining these alterations in a harmonized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - David A Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dylan J Guerin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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40
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Maccani JZJ, Koestler DC, Lester B, Houseman EA, Armstrong DA, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ. Placental DNA Methylation Related to Both Infant Toenail Mercury and Adverse Neurobehavioral Outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:723-9. [PMID: 25748564 PMCID: PMC4492267 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with adverse child neurobehavioral outcomes. Because Hg can interfere with placental functioning and cross the placenta to target the fetal brain, prenatal Hg exposure can inhibit fetal growth and development directly and indirectly. OBJECTIVES We examined potential associations between prenatal Hg exposure assessed through infant toenail Hg, placental DNA methylation changes, and newborn neurobehavioral outcomes. METHODS The methylation status of > 485,000 CpG loci was interrogated in 192 placental samples using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadArray. Hg concentrations were analyzed in toenail clippings from a subset of 41 infants; neurobehavior was assessed using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) in an independent subset of 151 infants. RESULTS We identified 339 loci with an average methylation difference > 0.125 between any two toenail Hg tertiles. Variation among these loci was subsequently found to be associated with a high-risk neurodevelopmental profile (omnibus p-value = 0.007) characterized by the NNNS. Ten loci had p < 0.01 for the association between methylation and the high-risk NNNS profile. Six of 10 loci reside in the EMID2 gene and were hypomethylated in the 16 high-risk profile infants' placentas. Methylation at these loci was moderately correlated (correlation coefficients range, -0.33 to -0.45) with EMID2 expression. CONCLUSIONS EMID2 hypomethylation may represent a novel mechanism linking in utero Hg exposure and adverse infant neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Z J Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Conradt E, Fei M, LaGasse L, Tronick E, Guerin D, Gorman D, Marsit CJ, Lester BM. Prenatal predictors of infant self-regulation: the contributions of placental DNA methylation of NR3C1 and neuroendocrine activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:130. [PMID: 26074794 PMCID: PMC4448036 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether placental DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, NR3C1 was associated with self-regulation and neuroendocrine responses to a social stressor in infancy. Placenta samples were obtained at birth and mothers and their infants (n = 128) participated in the still-face paradigm when infants were 5 months old. Infant self-regulation following the still-face episode was coded and pre-stress cortisol and cortisol reactivity was assessed in response to the still-face paradigm. A factor analysis of NR3C1 CpG sites revealed two factors: one for CpG sites 1–4 and the other for sites 5–13. DNA methylation of the factor comprising NR3C1 CpG sites 5–13 was related to greater cortisol reactivity and infant self-regulation, but cortisol reactivity was not associated with infant self-regulation. The results reveal that prenatal epigenetic processes may explain part of the development of infant self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Conradt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary Fei
- The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda LaGasse
- The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward Tronick
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Guerin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Daniel Gorman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- The Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA
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DNA methylation changes in the placenta are associated with fetal manganese exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 57:43-9. [PMID: 25982381 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adequate micronutrient intake, including manganese (Mn), is important for fetal development. Both Mn deficiencies and excess exposures are associated with later-life disease, and Mn accumulates in the placenta. Placental functional alterations may alter fetal programming and lifelong health, and we hypothesized that prenatal exposures to Mn may alter placental function through epigenetic mechanisms. Using Illumina's HumanMethylation450 BeadArray, DNA methylation of >485,000 CpG loci genome-wide was interrogated in 61 placental samples and Mn associations assessed genome-wide via omnibus test (p=0.045). 713 loci were associated with Mn exposure (p<0.0001). Five significantly differentially-methylated (p<1.3×10(-7)) loci reside in neurodevelopmental, fetal growth and cancer-related genes. cg22284422, within the uncharacterized LOC284276 gene, was associated with birth weight; for every 10% increase in methylation, lower birth weights were observed, with an average decrease of 293.44g. Our observations suggest a link between prenatal micronutrient levels, placental epigenetic status and birth weight, although these preliminary results require validation.
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43
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Maccani JZ, Maccani MA. Altered placental DNA methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking: current perspectives. ADVANCES IN GENOMICS AND GENETICS 2015; 2015:205-214. [PMID: 26203295 PMCID: PMC4507353 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s61518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis states that adverse early life exposures can have lasting, detrimental effects on lifelong health. Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality in offspring, including increased risks for miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, asthma, obesity, altered neurobehavior, and other conditions. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy interferes with placental growth and functioning, and it has been proposed that this may occur through the disruption of normal and necessary placental epigenetic patterns. Epigenome-wide association studies have identified a number of differentially methylated placental genes that are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including RUNX3, PURA, GTF2H2, GCA, GPR135, and HKR1. The placental methylation status of RUNX3 and NR3C1 has also been linked to adverse infant outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively. Candidate gene analyses have also found maternal smoking-associated placental methylation differences in the NR3C1, CYP1A1, HTR2A, and HSD11B2 genes, as well as in the repetitive elements LINE-1 and AluYb8. The differential methylation patterns of several genes have been confirmed to also exhibit altered gene expression patterns, including CYP1A1, CYP19A1, NR3C1, and HTR2A. Placental methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy may be largely gene-specific and tissue-specific and, to a lesser degree, involve global changes. It is important for future research to investigate the mechanistic roles that these differentially methylated genes may play in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and disease in later life, as well as to elucidate the potential influence of emerging tobacco product use during pregnancy, including the use of electronic cigarettes, on placental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zj Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
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Appleton AA, Lester BM, Armstrong DA, Lesseur C, Marsit CJ. Examining the joint contribution of placental NR3C1 and HSD11B2 methylation for infant neurobehavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:32-42. [PMID: 25459891 PMCID: PMC4350656 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infant neurobehavior, a potential sentinel of future mental and behavioral morbidity characterized in part by reflex symmetry, excitability and habituation to stimuli, is influenced by aspects of the intrauterine environment partially through epigenetic alterations of genes involved in the stress response. DNA methylation of two related cortisol response genes, the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), a nuclear receptor to which cortisol binds, and 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2), the enzyme responsible for conversion of cortisol into inactive cortisone, independently associate with infant neurobehavior. Although these factors are part of a common cortisol regulation pathway, the combined effect of DNA methylation of these factors on infant neurobehavior has not been characterized. Therefore, we conducted an examination of the joint contribution of NR3C1 and HSD11B2 DNA methylation on infant neurobehavior. Among 372 healthy term newborns, we tested the interaction between placental NR3C1 and HSD11B2 DNA methylation in association with neurobehavior as assessed with the validated NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales. Controlling for confounders, interactions between DNA methylation of these genes were detected for distinct domains of neurobehavior (habituation, excitability, asymmetrical reflexes). Moreover, different patterns of DNA methylation across the cortisol regulation pathway associated with different neurobehavioral phenotypes. Those with low NR3C1 methylation but high HSD11B2 methylation had lower excitability scores; those with high NR3C1 methylation but low HSD11B2 methylation had more asymmetrical reflexes; those with high DNA methylation across the entire pathway had higher habituation scores. These results suggest that epigenetic alterations across the cortisol regulation pathway may contribute to different neurobehavioral phenotypes, likely though varying degrees of glucocorticoid exposure during gestation. While the postnatal environment may continue to affect neurobehavioral risk, this study provides novel insights into the molecular basis for fetal origins of mental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA,Correspondence and reprint requests: Allison A. Appleton, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York; phone: 518-402-0402; fax: 518-402-0380;
| | - Barry M. Lester
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David A. Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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45
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Stroud LR, Papandonatos GD, Rodriguez D, McCallum M, Salisbury AL, Phipps MG, Lester B, Huestis MA, Niaura R, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant stress response: test of a prenatal programming hypothesis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 48:29-40. [PMID: 24999830 PMCID: PMC4136384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with early and long-term neurobehavioral deficits; however mechanisms remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that MSDP programs the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis of the offspring leading to adverse outcomes. In an intensive, prospective study, we investigated associations between MSDP and infant cortisol stress response and explored whether alterations in cortisol response were mediated by epigenetic modulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1). METHODS Participants were 100 healthy mother-infant pairs (53% MSDP-exposed; 42% female) from a low income, racially/ethnically diverse sample (55% minorities). MSDP was assessed by timeline followback interview verified by saliva and meconium cotinine. Infant cortisol responses to a neurobehavioral exam were assessed seven times over the first postnatal month. Methylation of placental NR3C1 promoter exon 1F was assessed using bisulfite pyrosequencing in a subsample (n=45). RESULTS MSDP-exposed infants showed significantly and persistently attenuated basal and reactive cortisol levels over the first postnatal month vs. unexposed infants. Exploratory analyses revealed that MSDP was associated with altered methylation of the placental NR3C1 promoter; degree of methylation of the placental NR3C1 was associated with infant basal and reactive cortisol over the first postnatal month and mediated effects of MSDP on infant basal cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Results provide initial support for our hypothesis that MSDP programs offspring HPA (dys)regulation. Epigenetic regulation of placental GR may serve as a novel underlying mechanism. Results may have implications for delineating pathways to adverse outcomes from MSDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Corresponding Author: Laura R. Stroud, Ph.D., Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior The Miriam Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University., 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, Telephone: (401) 793-8194, Fax: (401) 793-8056;
| | - George D. Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, 19141, United States
| | - Meaghan McCallum
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Amy L. Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Maureen G. Phipps
- Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Barry Lester
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Raymond Niaura
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC 20036, United States
| | - James F. Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth University, Hanover, NH 03755 United States
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Russ SA, Larson K, Tullis E, Halfon N. A lifecourse approach to health development: implications for the maternal and child health research agenda. Matern Child Health J 2014; 18:497-510. [PMID: 23955383 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-013-1284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lifecourse-informed models of health fundamentally challenge simple biomedical models, introducing new ways of thinking about how diseases develop. This paper considers the broad implications of lifecourse theory for the maternal and child health (MCH) research agenda. The Lifecourse Health Development model provides an organizing framework for a synthesis of the existing literature on lifecourse health and identification of gaps in knowledge. Priority areas identified for MCH research in order to close these knowledge gaps include: epigenetic mechanisms and their potential mutability; peri-conception as a critical and sensitive period for environmental exposures; maternal health prior to pregnancy; the role of the placenta as an important regulator of the intra-uterine environment; and ways to strengthen early mother-child interactions. Addressing knowledge gaps will require an emphasis on longitudinal rather than cross-sectional studies, long-term (lifetime) rather than short-term perspectives, datasets that include socio-demographic, biologic and genetic data on the same subjects rather than discipline-specific studies, measurement and study of positive health as well as disease states, and study of multi-rather than single generational cohorts. Adoption of a lifecourse-informed MCH research agenda requires a shift in focus from single cause-single disease epidemiologic inquiry to one that addresses multiple causes and outcomes. Investigators need additional training in effective interdisciplinary collaboration, advanced research methodology and higher-level statistical modeling. Advancing a life course health development research agenda in MCH will be foundational to the nation's long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley A Russ
- UCLA Center for Healthier Children, Families, and Communities, 10990 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA,
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47
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DNA methylation biomarkers: cancer and beyond. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:821-64. [PMID: 25229548 PMCID: PMC4198933 DOI: 10.3390/genes5030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are naturally-occurring characteristics by which a particular pathological process or disease can be identified or monitored. They can reflect past environmental exposures, predict disease onset or course, or determine a patient's response to therapy. Epigenetic changes are such characteristics, with most epigenetic biomarkers discovered to date based on the epigenetic mark of DNA methylation. Many tissue types are suitable for the discovery of DNA methylation biomarkers including cell-based samples such as blood and tumor material and cell-free DNA samples such as plasma. DNA methylation biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive power are already in clinical trials or in a clinical setting for cancer. Outside cancer, strong evidence that complex disease originates in early life is opening up exciting new avenues for the detection of DNA methylation biomarkers for adverse early life environment and for estimation of future disease risk. However, there are a number of limitations to overcome before such biomarkers reach the clinic. Nevertheless, DNA methylation biomarkers have great potential to contribute to personalized medicine throughout life. We review the current state of play for DNA methylation biomarkers, discuss the barriers that must be crossed on the way to implementation in a clinical setting, and predict their future use for human disease.
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48
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Kanherkar RR, Bhatia-Dey N, Csoka AB. Epigenetics across the human lifespan. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:49. [PMID: 25364756 PMCID: PMC4207041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has the potential to explain various biological phenomena that have heretofore defied complete explication. This review describes the various types of endogenous human developmental milestones such as birth, puberty, and menopause, as well as the diverse exogenous environmental factors that influence human health, in a chronological epigenetic context. We describe the entire course of human life from periconception to death and chronologically note all of the potential internal timepoints and external factors that influence the human epigenome. Ultimately, the environment presents these various factors to the individual that influence the epigenome, and the unique epigenetic and genetic profile of each individual also modulates the specific response to these factors. During the course of human life, we are exposed to an environment that abounds with a potent and dynamic milieu capable of triggering chemical changes that activate or silence genes. There is constant interaction between the external and internal environments that is required for normal development and health maintenance as well as for influencing disease load and resistance. For example, exposure to pharmaceutical and toxic chemicals, diet, stress, exercise, and other environmental factors are capable of eliciting positive or negative epigenetic modifications with lasting effects on development, metabolism and health. These can impact the body so profoundly as to permanently alter the epigenetic profile of an individual. We also present a comprehensive new hypothesis of how these diverse environmental factors cause both direct and indirect epigenetic changes and how this knowledge can ultimately be used to improve personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya R Kanherkar
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naina Bhatia-Dey
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
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49
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Lester BM, Andreozzi-Fontaine L, Tronick E, Bigsby R. Assessment and evaluation of the high risk neonate: the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25177897 PMCID: PMC4828009 DOI: 10.3791/3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a long-standing interest in the assessment of the neurobehavioral integrity of the newborn infant. The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was developed as an assessment for the at-risk infant. These are infants who are at increased risk for poor developmental outcome because of insults during prenatal development, such as substance exposure or prematurity or factors such as poverty, poor nutrition or lack of prenatal care that can have adverse effects on the intrauterine environment and affect the developing fetus. The NNNS assesses the full range of infant neurobehavioral performance including neurological integrity, behavioral functioning, and signs of stress/abstinence. The NNNS is a noninvasive neonatal assessment tool with demonstrated validity as a predictor, not only of medical outcomes such as cerebral palsy diagnosis, neurological abnormalities, and diseases with risks to the brain, but also of developmental outcomes such as mental and motor functioning, behavior problems, school readiness, and IQ. The NNNS can identify infants at high risk for abnormal developmental outcome and is an important clinical tool that enables medical researchers and health practitioners to identify these infants and develop intervention programs to optimize the development of these infants as early as possible. The video shows the NNNS procedures, shows examples of normal and abnormal performance and the various clinical populations in which the exam can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School, Brown University; Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island;
| | - Lynne Andreozzi-Fontaine
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School, Brown University; Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
| | | | - Rosemarie Bigsby
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School, Brown University; Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
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50
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Paquette AG, Lester BM, Koestler DC, Lesseur C, Armstrong DA, Marsit CJ. Placental FKBP5 genetic and epigenetic variation is associated with infant neurobehavioral outcomes in the RICHS cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104913. [PMID: 25115650 PMCID: PMC4130612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse maternal environments can lead to increased fetal exposure to maternal cortisol, which can cause infant neurobehavioral deficits. The placenta regulates fetal cortisol exposure and response, and placental DNA methylation can influence this function. FK506 binding protein (FKBP5) is a negative regulator of cortisol response, FKBP5 methylation has been linked to brain morphology and mental disorder risk, and genetic variation of FKBP5 was associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. We hypothesized that placental FKBP5 methylation and genetic variation contribute to gene expression control, and are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS). In 509 infants enrolled in the Rhode Island Child Health Study, placental FKBP5 methylation was measured at intron 7 using quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. Placental FKBP5 mRNA was measured in a subset of 61 infants by quantitative PCR, and the SNP rs1360780 was genotyped using a quantitative allelic discrimination assay. Relationships between methylation, expression and NNNS scores were examined using linear models adjusted for confounding variables, then logistic models were created to determine the influence of methylation on membership in high risk groups of infants. FKBP5 methylation was negatively associated with expression (P = 0.08, r = -0.22); infants with the TT genotype had higher expression than individuals with CC and CT genotypes (P = 0.06), and those with CC genotype displayed a negative relationship between methylation and expression (P = 0.06, r = -0.43). Infants in the highest quartile of FKBP5 methylation had increased risk of NNNS high arousal compared to infants in the lowest quartile (OR 2.22, CI 1.07-4.61). TT genotype infants had increased odds of high NNNS stress abstinence (OR 1.98, CI 0.92-4.26). Placental FKBP5 methylation reduces expression in a genotype specific fashion, and genetic variation supersedes this effect. These genetic and epigenetic differences in expression may alter the placenta's ability to modulate cortisol response and exposure, leading to altered neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Paquette
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Barry M. Lester
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - David A. Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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