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Peng D, Li Y, Si L, Zhu B, Wu P, Li Y, Tang D, Liu Y, Zhang Y. A two-step method preparation of semaglutide through solid-phase synthesis and inclusion body expression. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106477. [PMID: 38527576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Semaglutide is currently the most promising antidiabetic drug, especially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, due to its excellent efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss. However, the production of semaglutide remains high cost, and high yield, low cost, and high purity still remains a challenge. Herein, we reported a convenient and high-yield strategy for the preparation of semaglutide through fragmented condensation coupling, involving solid-phase peptide synthesis of tetrapeptide and on-column refolding and on-column enzyme cleavage based inclusion body expression of Lys26Arg34GLP-1 (11-37) with fused protein tags in an X-Y-D4K-G pattern. The optimized N-terminal protein tag significantly boosts inclusion body expression level, while on-column refolding and on-column enzyme cleavage avoid precipitation, enhancing efficiency and yield together with one-step purification. The successful preparation of semaglutide is expected to achieve large-scale industrial production with low cost, high yield and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Linlin Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Yibang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Pengtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China.
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Gala K, Ghusn W, Abu Dayyeh BK. Gut motility and hormone changes after bariatric procedures. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:131-137. [PMID: 38533785 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) are being increasingly utilized for the management of obesity. They work through multiple mechanisms, including restriction, malabsorption, and changes in the gastrointestinal hormonal and motility. RECENT FINDINGS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) cause decrease in leptin, increase in GLP-1 and PYY, and variable changes in ghrelin (generally thought to decrease). RYGB and LSG lead to rapid gastric emptying, increase in small bowel motility, and possible decrease in colonic motility. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) causes decrease in leptin and increase in GLP-1, ghrelin, and PYY; and delayed gastric motility. SUMMARY Understanding mechanisms of action for MBS and EBT is critical for optimal care of patients and will help in further refinement of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gala
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wissam Ghusn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Natale F, Luisi E, Franzese R, Mollo N, Solimene A, Caso VM, Corvino A, Golino P, Cimmino G. Semaglutide in Cardiometabolic Diseases: SELECTing the Target Population. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:145. [PMID: 38786967 PMCID: PMC11122593 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the tremendous improvement in pharmacological, minimally invasive and rehabilitative strategies, global deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are still increasing. Additional risk factors have been recently proposed, and thanks to scientific progress, novel drugs for the control of the main risk factors focusing on the cardiometabolic pathways have been identified. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent an innovative step in the management of patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to their significant efficacy on glycemic homeostasis, some members of this class of drugs have indications in the treatment of obesity. Furthermore, accumulated evidence in the literature has finally suggested a protective role in cardiovascular health. The possible role of GLP-1R agonist drugs (GLP-1RAs) on the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation and the almost ubiquitous distribution of GLP-1 receptors could explain the enormous versatility of these drugs. Semaglutide is a GLP-1RA recently proven to be effective in cardiovascular outcomes. In the present article, we will review the available data on semaglutide in light of the most recent publications to better characterize the target population achieving cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Natale
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Ettore Luisi
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Franzese
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Mollo
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Solimene
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Maria Caso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Pharmacy Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Golino
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, AOU Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Roy S, Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Das S, Dinda SC, Bose A, Gorain B. Terpenoids as potential phytoconstituent in the treatment of diabetes: From preclinical to clinical advancement. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155638. [PMID: 38728916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, a hyperglycemic condition associated with multitudinous organ dysfunction, is a hallmark of the metabolic disorder. This life-threatening condition affects millions of individuals globally, harming them financially, physically and psychologically in the course of therapy. PURPOSES The course therapy for illnesses has undergone ground-breaking transformations due to recent technical advances and insights. Alternatively, the administration of hyperglycemia-reducing agents results in several complications, including severe cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, hepatic problems, and several dermatological conditions. Consideration of alternate diabetic therapy having minimal side effects or no adverse reactions has been driven by such problems. STUDY DESIGN An extensive literature study was conducted in authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the studies elucidating the bioactivities of terpenoids in diabetic conditions. METHODS Keywords including 'terpenoids', 'monoterpenes', 'diterpenes', 'sesquiterpenes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'clinical trials', 'preclinical studies', and 'increased blood glucose' were used to identify the relevant research articles. The exclusion criteria, such as English language, duplication, open access, abstract only, and studies not involving preclinical and clinical research, were set. Based on these criteria, 937 relevant articles were selected for further evaluation. RESULTS Triterpenes can serve as therapeutic agents for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney dysfunction by inhibiting several pathways linked to hyperglycemia and its complications. Therefore, it is essential to draw special attention to these compounds' therapeutic effectiveness and provide scientific professionals with novel data. CONCLUSION This study addressed recent progress in research focussing on mechanisms of terpenoid, its by-products, physiological actions, and therapeutic applications, particularly in diabetic and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Roy
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Subas Chandra Dinda
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirbandeep Bose
- School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Barbaria, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Almutair A, Almulhem B. Semaglutide as a potential therapeutic alternative for HNF1B-MODY: a case study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1294264. [PMID: 38524636 PMCID: PMC10957750 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1294264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a grouping of monogenic disorders. It is characterized by dominantly inherited, non-insulin-dependent diabetes. MODY is relatively rare, encompassing up to 3.5% in those diagnosed under 30 years of age. Specific types are most commonly treated with sulfonylurea, particularly those identified as HNF4A-MODY and HNF1A-MODY. HNF1B-MODY is another type that is most frequently managed with insulin therapy but lacks a defined precision treatment. We present an 18-year-old, non-obese female patient diagnosed with HNF1B-MODY. She displays complete gene deletion, a renal cyst, and hypomagnesemia. Her treatment plan includes both long- and short-acting insulin, though she frequently encountered hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Semaglutide, a GLP-1RA, was administered weekly over 4 months. The patient's glucose level was continuously tracked using Dexcom's Continuous Glucose Monitoring system. The data suggested a notable improvement in her condition: time-in-range (TIR) increased from 70% to 88%, with some days achieving 100%, and the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes, indicated by time-below-range values, fell from 5% to 1%. The time-above-range values also dropped from 25% to 10%, and her HbA1c levels declined from 7% to 5.6%. During the semaglutide therapy, we were able to discontinue her insulin treatment. Additionally, her body mass index (BMI) was reduced from 24.1 to 20.1 kg/m2. However, the semaglutide treatment was halted after 4 months due to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and reduced appetite. Other contributing factors included exam stress and a COVID-19 infection, which forced a switch back to insulin. Her last recorded HbA1c level under exclusive insulin therapy rose to 7.1%, and her BMI increased to 24.9 kg/m2. In conclusion, semaglutide could potentially replace insulin to improve glucose variability, TIR, and HbA1c in patients with HNF1B-MODY. However, more extensive studies are required to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham Almutair
- Pediatric Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beshaier Almulhem
- Pediatric Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Freeby M, Lane K. Treating obesity in type 1 diabetes mellitus - review of efficacy and safety. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:1-7. [PMID: 37820077 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is an epidemic in the United States with serious concomitant co-morbid conditions; people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are not immune to the risk either. Weight gain in T1D is likely multifactorial, due to genetic, environmental and treatment-related factors. FDA-approved and other adjunctive weight loss therapies may benefit people living with T1D but there are risks to consider when providing recommendations or prescribing medications. RECENT FINDINGS We performed a PubMed search of studies assessing clinical outcomes of both approved and off-label medications used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Search terms included 'type 1 diabetes, obesity' and the following: (1) metformin, (2) pramlintide, (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, (4) dual GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) agonists, (5) sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, (6) surgical treatment of obesity, (7) insulin pump, (8) insulin, (9) medical nutrition therapy, (10) diabetes self-management education, (11) exercise, (12) naltrexone-buproprion, (13) orlistat, and (14) phentermine-topiramate. SUMMARY Weight loss treatments provide a wide-range of benefits in reducing both morbidity and mortality in those who are obese. Treatments also have varying adverse effect profiles which may impact T1D treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize study outcomes in people with T1D, including risks and benefits, of on- and off-label weight loss treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Freeby
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Garczorz W, Kosowska A, Francuz T. Antidiabetic Drugs in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:299. [PMID: 38254789 PMCID: PMC10813754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading chronic conditions worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. The linkage between diabetes and its ability to increase the risk of breast cancer should always be analyzed in patients. This review focuses on the impact of antihyperglycemic therapy in breast cancer patients. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of developing cancer than the general population. Moreover, diabetes patients have a higher incidence and mortality of breast cancer. In this review, we describe the influence of antidiabetic drugs from insulin and metformin to the current and emerging therapies, incretins and SGLT-2 inhibitors, on breast cancer prognosis. We also emphasize the role of obesity and the metastasis process in breast cancer patients who are treated with antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.); (T.F.)
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Idoko VO, Sulaiman MA, Adamu RM, Abdullahi AD, Tajuddeen N, Mohammed A, Inuwa HM, Ibrahim MA. Evaluating Khaya senegalensis for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibition Using in Vitro Analysis and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Identified Bioactive Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200909. [PMID: 36565063 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of Khaya senegalensis extracts was evaluated. The DPP-IV from a rat kidney was purified to a purification fold of 2.3. Among extracts from K. senegalensis, the hexane extract had the best DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 1.56±0.61 μg/mL and was fractionated to eleven fractions (A-K). Fraction I had the best DPP-IV inhibition via uncompetitive pattern. GC-MS analysis of fraction I showed that the major bioactive compounds were 3-amino-3-hydroxyimino-N-phenylpropanamide (1) and 11-(2-cyclopenten-1-yl)undecanoic acid (2), with good binding affinities toward DPP-IV, based on molecular docking,. They were then subjected to molecular dynamic simulation using WEBGRO and utilizing a GROMACS system for 100 ns. The 3-amino-3-hydroxyimino-N-phenylpropanamide-DPP-IV complex was more stable and compact than the other complex. K. senegalensis contains compounds like 1 that might be used for the design of new DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Rahma Muhammad Adamu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
| | - Hajiya Mairo Inuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
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Zhang M, Zhu L, Wu G, Liu T, Qi X, Zhang H. Food-derived dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides: Production, identification, structure-activity relationship, and their potential role in glycemic regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2053-2075. [PMID: 36095057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides are attracting increasing attention, owing to their potential role in glycemic regulation by preventing the inactivation of incretins. However, few reviews have summarized the current understanding of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and their knowledge gaps. This paper reviews the production, identification and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. Importantly, their bioavailability and hypoglycemic effects are critically discussed. Unlike the traditional method to identifying peptides after separation step by step, the bioinformatics approach identifies peptides via virtual screening that is more convenient and efficient. In addition, the bioinformatics approach was also used to investigate the SAR of peptides. Peptides with proline (Pro) or alanine (Ala) residue at the second position of N-terminal are exhibit strong DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Besides, the bioavailability of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides is related to their gastrointestinal stability and cellular permeability, and in vivo studies showed that the glucose homeostasis has been improved by these peptides. Especially, the intestinal transport of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and cell biological assays used to evaluate their potential role in glycemic regulation are innovatively summarized. For further successful development of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in glycemic regulation, future study should elucidate their SAR and in vivo hypoglycemic effects .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Binzhou Zhongyu Food Company Limited, Key Laboratory of Wheat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Industry Technical Innovation Center for Wheat Processing, Bohai Advanced Technology Institute, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Amodeo S, Mirarchi L, Seidita A, Citarrella R, Licata A, Soresi M, Iovanna JL, Giannitrapani L. EVOO's Effects on Incretin Production: Is There a Rationale for a Combination in T2DM Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710120. [PMID: 36077515 PMCID: PMC9456130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern as it is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide due to social and economic developments that have led to unhealthy lifestyles, with a considerable impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The management of T2DM, before starting specific therapies, includes cornerstones such as healthy eating, regular exercise and weight loss. Strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to an inverse association with the risk of T2DM onset, as well as an improvement in glycaemic control; in particular, thanks to the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agonists of gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrointestinal hormones able to increase insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia (incretins), have been recently introduced in T2DM therapy, quickly entering the international guidelines. Recent studies have linked the action of EVOO in reducing postprandial glycaemia to the increase in GLP-1 and the reduction of its inactivating protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). In this review, we explore observations regarding the pathophysiological basis of the existence of an enhanced effect between the action of EVOO and incretins and, consequently, try to understand whether there is a rationale for their use in combination for T2DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Amodeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Licata
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-4712; Fax: +39-091-655-2977
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Adropin’s Role in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158318. [PMID: 35955453 PMCID: PMC9369016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a novel 76-amino acid-peptide that is expressed in different tissues and cells including the liver, pancreas, heart and vascular tissues, kidney, milk, serum, plasma and many parts of the brain. Adropin, encoded by the Enho gene, plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. The literature review indicates that adropin alleviates the degree of insulin resistance by reducing endogenous hepatic glucose production. Adropin improves glucose metabolism by enhancing glucose utilization in mice, including the sensitization of insulin signaling pathways such as Akt phosphorylation and the activation of the glucose transporter 4 receptor. Several studies have also demonstrated that adropin improves cardiac function, cardiac efficiency and coronary blood flow in mice. Adropin can also reduce the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, it increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often referred to as the beneficial cholesterol. Adropin inhibits inflammation by reducing the tissue level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. The protective effect of adropin on the vascular endothelium is through an increase in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. This article provides an overview of the existing literature about the role of adropin in different pathological conditions.
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12
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Nanoparticles application as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus management. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes, as reported by the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation, has raised many eyebrows about the dangers of diabetes mellitus to society, leading to the development of various therapeutic techniques, including nanotechnological, in the management of this disease. This review discusses silver, gold, ceramic, alloy, magnetic, silica, polymeric nanoparticles and their various applications in diabetes management which may help to reduce the incidence of diabetes and its complication.
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Ismail M, Stagling S, Lundberg A, Nystrom FH. A cross-over study of postprandial effects from moist snuff and red wine on metabolic rate, appetite-related hormones and glucose. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109479. [PMID: 35580478 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare acute effects of moist snuff with or without nicotine and red wine with or without alcohol on prandial hormones and metabolism. BASIC PROCEDURES AND METHODS Two deciliters of wine, with or without alcohol, were taken together with a standardized supervised meal in 14 healthy women and men. All participants also combined the meal with usage of with moist snuff, with or without nicotine. The snuff was replaced hourly at each of the four settings, i.e. snuff with or without nicotine combined with red wine with or without alcohol, that started at 0800 o'clock and were finished at noon. MAIN FINDINGS We found ghrelin levels to be more efficiently suppressed when drinking red wine with alcohol compared to non-alcoholic wine by analyzing area under the curve (AUC). AUC for regular wine was 370 ± 98 pg/ml x hours and 559 ± 154 pg/ml x hours for de-alcoholized red wine, p < 0.0001 by general linear model. The postprandial metabolic rate was further elevated following alcohol containing red wine compared with non-alcoholic red wine (p = 0.022). Although glucose levels were not uniformly lower after alcoholic red wine, we found lowered glucose levels 3 h after the meal (mean glucose wine: 4.38 ± 0.96 mmol/l, non-alcoholic wine: 4.81 ± 0.77 mmol/l, p = 0.005). Nicotine-containing moist snuff (AUC: 1406 ± 149 nmol/ml x hours) elevated the levels of serum cortisol compared with nicotine-free snuff (AUC: 1268 ± 119 nmol/ml x hours, p = 0.005). We found no effects of nicotine or alcohol on feelings of satiety. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol in red wine augmented the postprandial suppression of ghrelin and it also lowered postprandial glucose 3 h post-meal. These effects are in line with observational trials linking regular intake of moderate amounts of red wine with lower risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midean Ismail
- Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Stagling
- Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundberg
- Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H Nystrom
- Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Mahapatra MK, Karuppasamy M, Sahoo BM. Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist with cardiovascular benefits for management of type 2 diabetes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:521-539. [PMID: 34993760 PMCID: PMC8736331 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is available as monotherapy in both subcutaneous as well as oral dosage form (first approved oral GLP-1 receptor agonist). It has been approved as a second line treatment option for better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and currently under scrutiny for anti-obesity purpose. Semaglutide has been proved to be safe in adults and elderly patients with renal or hepatic disorders demanding no dose modification. Cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials established that it can reduce various CV risk factors in patients with established CV disorders. Semaglutide is well tolerated with no risk of hypoglycaemia in monotherapy but suffers from gastrointestinal adverse effects. A large population affected with COVID-19 infection were diabetic; therefore use of semaglutide in diabetes as well as CV patients would be very much supportive in maintaining health care system during this pandemic situation. Hence, this peptidic drug can be truly considered as a quintessential of GLP-1 agonists for management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Mahapatra
- Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rourkela, 769015, Odisha, India.
| | - Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- YaAn Pharmaceutical and Medical Communications, 6/691H1, Balaji Nagar, Sithurajapuram, Sivakasi, 626189, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Biswa Mohan Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized hormone-secreting cells that respond to both circulating and luminal cues. Collectively, EECs constitute the largest endocrine organ of the body and signal to a multitude of targets including locally to neighboring intestinal cells, enteric neurons, as well as systemically to other organs, such as the pancreas and brain. To accomplish their wide range of downstream signaling effects, EECs secrete multiple hormones; however, the mechanisms that influence EEC development in the embryo and differentiation in adults are not well defined. RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights the recent discoveries in EEC differentiation and function while also discussing newly revealed roles of transcription factors and signaling networks involved in the allocation of EEC subtypes that were discovered using a combination of novel intestinal model systems and genetic sequencing. We also discuss the potential of these new experimental models that study the mechanisms regulating EEC function and development both to uncover novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY Several EEC hormones are being used to treat various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that facilitate EEC formation is paramount to the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
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16
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Waris N, Bano S, Fawwad A, Basit A. Association of fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Bensignor MO, Kelly AS, Arslanian S. Anti-obesity pharmacotherapy for treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes: Review of the literature and lessons learned from adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1043650. [PMID: 36387846 PMCID: PMC9647073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1043650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adolescents is a more rapidly progressive disease, associated with earlier and higher rates of microvascular complications than in adults. As obesity is a significant risk factor for T2DM development and progression, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as adjuvant therapy for adults with both T2DM and overweight/obesity. In adults, the addition of AOMs to a diabetes regimen can improve glycemic control, reduce weight, and decrease anti-diabetes medication use. The ADA recommends considering bariatric surgery for adolescents with T2DM who have a BMI >35 kg/m2, but did not mention the use of AOMs in their 2022 updated guidelines. Currently, there are three FDA-approved AOMs available for chronic use in adolescents with obesity. Other medications are used in an "off-label" fashion for appetite suppression and BMI reduction. As additional AOMs are being developed and FDA-approved for the pediatric population, new treatment options with novel mechanisms of action will become available for adolescents with T2DM and obesity. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for the use of AOMs in the treatment of T2DM in adolescents, including lessons learned from the adult T2DM literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O. Bensignor
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Megan O. Bensignor,
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Waddell D, Prudencio J. Impact of Pharmacists in Therapeutic Optimization Relative to the 2020 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Guidelines in Patients with Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2022; 81:13-20. [PMID: 35028590 PMCID: PMC8742303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Guidelines newly recommended adding a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor or a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist in patients with both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, regardless of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. In this study, the primary objective was to assess the pharmacist's role in the therapeutic optimization of patients with both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease relative to the new recommendations. The secondary objectives were to assess other factors affecting therapeutic optimization and clinician familiarity with the recommendations. This study, conducted at the East Hawai.i Health Clinic, included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Anonymous surveys were sent to clinicians at the clinic to assess recommendation familiarity. Patients seen by a pharmacist were significantly more likely to be therapeutically optimized per the 2020 ADA guidelines than those not seen by a pharmacist. HbA1c and age also influenced SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy use. All clinicians were more likely to prescribe SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy for patients with uncontrolled HbA1c but were less likely to prescribe additional therapy for patients with controlled HbA1c, even in patients with previous atherosclerotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Waddell
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI
| | - Jarred Prudencio
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI
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19
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Oral Semaglutide, the First Ingestible Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist: Could It Be a Magic Bullet for Type 2 Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189936. [PMID: 34576096 PMCID: PMC8470357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract secretes gut hormones in response to food consumption, and some of these stimulate insulin secretion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin peptide hormone released from the lower digestive tract that stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion, and decreases hunger. GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) mimics the action of endogenous GLP-1, consequently reversing hyperglycemia and causing weight reduction, demonstrating its efficacy as an antidiabetic and antiobesity agent. Previously restricted to injection only, the invention of the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino) caprylate resulted in the development of oral semaglutide, the first ingestible GLP-1RA. Oral semaglutide demonstrated its efficacy in glycemic management and body weight loss with a low risk of hypoglycemia as a monotherapy and in combination with other hypoglycemic medications in its clinical trial programs named Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment. Consistent with other injectable GLP-1RAs, gastrointestinal side effects were often reported. Additionally, cardiovascular safety was established by demonstrating that oral semaglutide was not inferior to a placebo in terms of cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, oral semaglutide represents a novel treatment option that is particularly well-suited for patients with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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20
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Asfour HZ, Alhakamy NA, Eljaaly K, Alaofi AL, Tantawy MA, Hussein KS, Aldarmahi AA, Elfaky MA. Molecular docking studies of HIV TAT and sitagliptin nano-formula as potential therapeutic targeting SARS-CoV2 protease. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [PMCID: PMC8349443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic regarded as a major health/economic hazard. The importance of coming up with mechanisms for preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2infection has been felt across the world. This work aimed at examining the efficiency of Sitagliptin (SIT) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator transcription peptide (TAT) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. 3CL-protease inhibition activity and docking studies were examined. According to the results, the prepared complex's formula was as follows 1: 1 SIT: TAT molar ratio, whereas zeta potential and particle size values were at 34.17 mV and 97.19 nm, respectively. This combination did exhibit its antiviral potentiality against SARS-CoV-2 via IC50 values of 9.083 5.415, and 16.14 μM for TAT, SIT-TAT, and SIT, respectively. In addition, the complex SIT-TAT showed a significant (P < 0.001) viral-3CL-protease inhibitory effect. This was further confirmed via in silico study. Molecular docking investigation has shown promising binding affinity of the formula components towards SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3-CL).
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21
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Blahova J, Martiniakova M, Babikova M, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Omelka R. Pharmaceutical Drugs and Natural Therapeutic Products for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:806. [PMID: 34451903 PMCID: PMC8398612 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most widespread form of diabetes, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and inefficient insulin secretion and action. Primary care in T2DM is pharmacological, using drugs of several groups that include insulin sensitisers (e.g., biguanides, thiazolidinediones), insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulphonylureas, meglinides), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and the newest incretin-based therapies and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. However, their long-term application can cause many harmful side effects, emphasising the importance of the using natural therapeutic products. Natural health substances including non-flavonoid polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, curcumin, tannins, and lignans), flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, naringin, rutin, and kaempferol), plant fruits, vegetables and other products (e.g., garlic, green tea, blackcurrant, rowanberry, bilberry, strawberry, cornelian cherry, olive oil, sesame oil, and carrot) may be a safer alternative to primary pharmacological therapy. They are recommended as food supplements to prevent and/or ameliorate T2DM-related complications. In the advanced stage of T2DM, the combination therapy of synthetic agents and natural compounds with synergistic interactions makes the treatment more efficient. In this review, both pharmaceutical drugs and selected natural products, as well as combination therapies, are characterized. Mechanisms of their action and possible negative side effects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Blahova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Babikova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
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22
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Lampropoulos C, Alexandrides T, Tsochatzis S, Kehagias D, Kehagias I. Are the Changes in Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion Necessary for the Success of Bariatric Surgery? A Critical Review of the Literature. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4575-4584. [PMID: 34304379 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in energy balance regulation and glucose homeostasis. Obesity is characterized by lower fasting levels and blunted postprandial responses of ghrelin, GLP-1, and possibly PYY. Both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have been shown to increase postprandial GLP-1 and PYY levels. Human studies have shown that enhanced postprandial GLP-1 and PYY release are associated with favorable weight loss outcomes after RYGB. However, studies in knockout mice have shown that GI hormones are not required for the primary metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Here, we summarize the complex interaction between obesity, bariatric surgery, and GI hormones in order to determine the exact role of GI hormones in the success of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodoros Alexandrides
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsochatzis
- Department of General Surgery, Saint Andrew's General Hospital, 26335, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kehagias
- Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kehagias
- Division of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
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23
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Casey R, Adelfio A, Connolly M, Wall A, Holyer I, Khaldi N. Discovery through Machine Learning and Preclinical Validation of Novel Anti-Diabetic Peptides. Biomedicines 2021; 9:276. [PMID: 33803471 PMCID: PMC8000967 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been significant advances in drug discovery for diabetes mellitus over the past couple of decades, there is an opportunity and need for improved therapies. While type 2 diabetic patients better manage their illness, many of the therapeutics in this area are peptide hormones with lengthy sequences and a molecular structure that makes them challenging and expensive to produce. Using machine learning, we present novel anti-diabetic peptides which are less than 16 amino acids in length, distinct from human signalling peptides. We validate the capacity of these peptides to stimulate glucose uptake and Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation in vitro. In obese insulin-resistant mice, predicted peptides significantly lower plasma glucose, reduce glycated haemoglobin and even improve hepatic steatosis when compared to treatments currently in use in a clinical setting. These unoptimised, linear peptides represent promising candidates for blood glucose regulation which require further evaluation. Further, this indicates that perhaps we have overlooked the class of natural short linear peptides, which usually come with an excellent safety profile, as therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Audrey Wall
- Nuritas Ltd., Joshua Dawson House, D02 RY95 Dublin, Ireland; (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.C.); (I.H.); (N.K.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insulin is the mainstay of treatment in people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus due to an immune-mediated loss of beta cells. Yet despite advances in insulin therapy and other technological advances, glycemic control remains difficult to achieve. Therefore, we aim to highlight risks and benefits of adjunctive therapies that may improve type 1 diabetes care. RECENT FINDINGS We identified studies assessing clinical outcomes of adjunctive therapies that are both Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and off-label in type 1 diabetes. Adjunctive therapies reviewed included metformin, pramlintide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. SUMMARY Although insulin is required in people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, adjunctive therapies may positively impact glycemic control, reduce insulin requirements and lead to weight loss. In addition, the risk of hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal side effects and diabetes ketoacidosis may be increased with the use of these adjunctive therapies. Pramlintide is currently the only FDA-approved adjunctive therapy, whereas others require continued research to better understand risk-to-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrstin Lane
- Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Incretin Hormones in Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: The Clinical Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020351. [PMID: 33503878 PMCID: PMC7910956 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to grow rapidly worldwide, posing many public health challenges of the 21st century. Obese subjects are at major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity pathogenesis is needed for the development of effective treatment strategies. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions has been observed in obesity and related metabolic disorders; therefore, incretin-based therapies have been developed to provide new therapeutic options. Incretin mimetics present glucose-lowering properties, together with a reduction of appetite and food intake, resulting in weight loss. In this review, we describe the physiology of two known incretins—glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and their role in obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. We also focus on the available and incoming incretin-based medications that can be used in the treatment of the above-mentioned conditions.
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26
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Intestinal Electrical Stimulation Enhances Release of Postprandial Incretin Hormones Via Cholinergic Mechanisms. Obes Surg 2021; 31:1957-1966. [PMID: 33469859 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) has been reported to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance in obese and diabetic rats. Our study aimed to investigate possible IES mechanisms involving incretin hormones using intraduodenal glucose infusion in rats. We hypothesized that the enhanced release of postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) at early phase by IES was mediated through neuro/paracrine mechanisms involving the vagal nerve and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). METHODS Fifteen normal male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically implanted with duodenal electrodes for IES, and an intra-duodenum catheter for the infusion of glucose were studied in a series of sessions with IES of different parameters with and without atropine and M3 receptor antagonist. Blood samples were collected via the tail vein for the measurement of blood glucose, and plasma GLP-1, and GIP. RESULTS (1) Compared to sham-IES, IES of 0.3 ms reduced blood glucose by 16.5-28.4% between 30 and 120 min (all time points p < 0.05), and IES of 3-ms reduced blood glucose at 60 (12.6%) and 90 min (11.8%). IES of 0.3 ms showed a greater hypoglycemic effect than 3 ms (p = 0.024) at 30 min. (2) IES elevated plasma GLP-1 with 0.3 ms (p = 0.001) and with 3 ms p = 0.03). (3) IES substantially elevated plasma GIP with 0.3 ms (p = 0.002) and with 3 ms (p < 0.001). (4) Pretreatment of atropine and the M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP blocked the effects of IES on GLP-1, GIP, and blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS IES reduces postprandial blood glucose by enhancing the release of GLP-1 and GIP mediated via the cholinergic mechanism.
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27
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Simos YV, Spyrou K, Patila M, Karouta N, Stamatis H, Gournis D, Dounousi E, Peschos D. Trends of nanotechnology in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:62-76. [PMID: 33613730 PMCID: PMC7878460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When diet and exercise fail to control hyperglycemia, patients are forced to start therapy with antidiabetic agents. However, these drugs present several drawbacks that can affect the course of treatment. The major disadvantages of current oral modalities for the treatment of T2DM are mainly depicted in the low bioavailability and the immediate release of the drug, generating the need for an increase in frequency of dosing. In conjugation with the manifestation of adverse side effects, patient compliance to therapy is reduced. Over the past few years nanotechnology has found fertile ground in the development of novel delivery modalities that can potentially enhance anti-diabetic regimes efficacy. All efforts have been targeted towards two main vital steps: (a) to protect the drug by encapsulating it into a nano-carrier system and (b) efficiently release the drug in a gradual as well as controllable manner. However, only a limited number of studies published in the literature used in vivo techniques in order to support findings. Here we discuss the current disadvantages of modern T2DM marketed drugs, and the nanotechnology advances supported by in vivo in mouse/rat models of glucose homeostasis. The generation of drug nanocarriers may increase bioavailability, prolong release and therefore reduce dosing and thus, improve patient compliance. This novel approach might substantially improve quality of life for diabetics. Application of metal nanoformulations as indirect hypoglycemic agents is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis V. Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Niki Karouta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Wei Q, Qi L, Lin H, Liu D, Zhu X, Dai Y, Waldron RT, Lugea A, Goodarzi MO, Pandol SJ, Li L. Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas: What's Known and What's to Know. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570276. [PMID: 33250773 PMCID: PMC7673428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of diabetes arising in the setting of pancreatic disease (also known as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas, DEP) has drawn more attention in recent years. However, significant improvements still need to be made in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder, and in the knowledge of the pathological mechanisms. The clinical course of DEP is different from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DEP develops in patients with previous existing exocrine pancreatic disorders which damage both exocrine and endocrine parts of pancreas, and lead to pancreas exocrine insufficiency (PEI) and malnutrition. Therefore, damage in various exocrine and endocrine cell types participating in glucose metabolism regulation likely contribute to the development of DEP. Due to the limited amount of clinical and experimental studies, the pathological mechanism of DEP is poorly defined. In fact, it still not entirely clear whether DEP represents a distinct pathologic entity or is a form of T2DM arising when β cell failure is accelerated by pancreatic disease. In this review, we include findings from related studies in T1DM and T2DM to highlight potential pathological mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of DEP, and to provide directions for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Science and Research, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Science and Research, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, China
| | - Richard T Waldron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Erendor F, Eksi YE, Sahin EO, Balci MK, Griffith TS, Sanlioglu S. Lentivirus Mediated Pancreatic Beta-Cell-Specific Insulin Gene Therapy for STZ-Induced Diabetes. Mol Ther 2020; 29:149-161. [PMID: 33130311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells is the characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Consequently, both short- and intermediate-acting insulin analogs are under development to compensate for the lack of endogenous insulin gene expression. Basal insulin is continuously released at low levels in response to hepatic glucose output, while post-prandial insulin is secreted in response to hyperglycemia following a meal. As an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin, glucose-regulated insulin gene expression by gene therapy is under development to better endure postprandial glucose excursions. Controlled transcription and translation of proinsulin, presence of glucose-sensing machinery, prohormone convertase expression, and a regulated secretory pathway are the key features unique to pancreatic beta cells. To take advantage of these hallmarks, we generated a new lentiviral vector (LentiINS) with an insulin promoter driving expression of the proinsulin encoding cDNA to sustain pancreatic beta-cell-specific insulin gene expression. Intraperitoneal delivery of HIV-based LentiINS resulted in the lowering of fasting plasma glucose, improved glucose tolerance and prevented weight loss in streptozoticin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. However, the combinatorial use of LentiINS and anti-inflammatory lentiviral vector (LentiVIP) gene therapy was required to increase serum insulin to a level sufficient to suppress non-fasting plasma glucose and diabetes-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Erendor
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Eksi
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozgecan Sahin
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Balci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey.
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30
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Ho HJ, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K Status on Glycemic Regulation and Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini-Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082485. [PMID: 32824773 PMCID: PMC7469006 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dysfunctional insulin secretion. Glycemic control remains a crucial contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as the prevention or delay in the onset of diabetes-related complications. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the regulation of the glycemic status. Supplementation of vitamin K may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus and improve insulin sensitivity. This mini-review summarizes the recent insights into the beneficial effects of vitamin K and its possible mechanism of action on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status, thereby suppressing the progression of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Ho
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3395
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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31
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Caffeoylquinic acids from aronia juice inhibit both dipeptidyl peptidase IV and α-glucosidase activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Roever L, Tse G, Versaci F, Biondi-Zoccai G. Admission glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in acute myocardial infarction: is this a new biomarker of cardiovascular risk? Eur Heart J 2020; 41:890-891. [PMID: 31834367 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Roever
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Department of Clinical Research, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Gary Tse
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Versaci
- UOC UTIC, Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
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33
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Wang Y, Wang A, Alkhalidy H, Luo J, Moomaw E, Neilson AP, Liu D. Flavone Hispidulin Stimulates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion and Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900978. [PMID: 31967385 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Loss of functional β-cell mass is central for the deterioration of glycemic control in diabetes. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a critical role in maintaining glycemic homeostasis via potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and promoting β-cell mass. Agents that can directly promote GLP-1 secretion, thereby increasing insulin secretion and preserving β-cell mass, hold great potential for the treatment of T2D. METHODS AND RESULTS GluTag L-cells, INS832/13 cells, and mouse ileum crypts and islets are cultured for examining the effects of flavone hispidulin on GLP-1 and insulin secretion. Mouse livers and isolated hepatocytes are used for gluconeogenesis. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice are treated with hispidulin (20 mg kg-1 day-1 , oral gavage) for 6 weeks to evaluate its anti-diabetic potential. Hispidulin stimulates GLP-1 secretion from the L-cell line, ileum crypts, and in vivo. This hispidulin action is mediated via activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling. Hispidulin significantly improves glycemic control in diabetic mice, concomitant with improved insulin release, and β-cell survival. Additionally, hispidulin decreases hepatic pyruvate carboxylase expression in diabetic mice and suppresses gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. Furthermore, hispidulin stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Hispidulin may be a novel dual-action anti-diabetic compound via stimulating GLP-1 secretion and suppressing hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Aiping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Elizabeth Moomaw
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institution, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
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34
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Wang M, Tan Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Liao Z, Wei P. Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568. [PMID: 32982969 PMCID: PMC7477770 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity and diabetes are two increasing health problems worldwide, which both share many common risk factors, such as aging, and general obesity. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity includes aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal changes. Nevertheless, there are two major reasons to cause diabetes: impaired insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. Furthermore, the individual diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia should be combined to adequately define sarcopenic obesity. Also, the diagnosis of diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose test (FPG), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and random plasma glucose coupled with symptoms. Healthy diet and physical activity are beneficial to both sarcopenic obesity and diabetes, but there are only recommended drugs for diabetes. This review consolidates and discusses the latest research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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35
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Albinsson-Stenholm E, Bergsén J, Ingves S, Vilhelmsson N, Guldbrand H, Nystrom FH. Subjects with high fasting insulin also have higher postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels than controls with lower insulin. Nutr Res 2019; 72:111-120. [PMID: 31759769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about postprandial release of serum ghrelin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in relation with differing fasting insulin levels. We hypothesized that these hormones are affected by insulin resistance, and hence, we compared different postprandial responses of GLP-1, glucagon, and ghrelin in subjects with relatively high (RHI) or relatively low (RLI) fasting insulin levels. The trial was a randomized crossover study with 4 different meal conditions. Fourteen nonobese or obese, healthy, men and 14 women were randomly assigned to the order of supervised intake of a 750 kcal drink with the same protein contents but with 20 energy-percent (E%) or 55 E% from carbohydrates, and the remaining energy from fat. Participants were also randomized to consume the drinks as 1 large beverage or as five 150-kcal portions every 30 minutes. The 28 subjects were divided into 2 equally sized groups based on fasting insulin levels. Statistics were done with general linear mixed model. Fasting insulin levels were 3-fold higher in the group with RHI compared with the RLI group (RHI: 1004 ± 510 pg/mL, RLI: 324 ± 123 pg/mL, P < .0005). Serum GLP-1 was highest in the RHI group after both single meals and after 5 drinks and following high- and low-carbohydrate meals (both P ≤ .002), and this was the case also for glucagon levels (both P ≤ .018), whereas ghrelin levels did not differ between groups. Thus, subjects with RHI displayed both higher postprandial serum GLP-1 and glucagon than the participants with RLI, suggesting that glucagon could play a role in the advent of dysglycemia by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Albinsson-Stenholm
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Bergsén
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Ingves
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Vilhelmsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Guldbrand
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H Nystrom
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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36
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Kokkinos A, Tsilingiris D, le Roux CW, Rubino F, Mantzoros CS. Will medications that mimic gut hormones or target their receptors eventually replace bariatric surgery? Metabolism 2019; 100:153960. [PMID: 31412266 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective therapeutic modality through which sustained beneficial effects on weight loss and metabolic improvement are achieved. During recent years, indications for bariatric surgery have been expanded to include cases of poorly controlled type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus in lesser extremes of body weight. A spectrum of the beneficial effects of surgery is attributed to robust changes of postprandial gut peptide responses that are observed post operatively. Consolidated knowledge regarding gut peptide physiology as well as emerging new evidence shedding light on the mode of action of previously overlooked gut hormones provide appealing potential obesity and T2DM therapeutic perspectives. The accumulation of evidence from the effect of exogenous administration of native gut peptides alone or in combinations to humans as well as the development of mimetic agents exerting agonistic effects on combinations of gut hormone receptors pave the way for future integrated gut peptide-based treatments, which may mimic the effects of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Barchetta I, Ciccarelli G, Barone E, Cimini FA, Ceccarelli V, Bertoccini L, Sentinelli F, Tramutola A, Del Ben M, Angelico F, Baroni MG, Lenzi A, Cavallo MG. Greater circulating DPP4 activity is associated with impaired flow-mediated dilatation in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1087-1094. [PMID: 31431395 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of the incretin system exerted by cleaving the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1); the blockage of DPP4, exerted by the antidiabetic agents DPP4-inhibitors (DPP4-I), results in greater GLP-1 concentration and improved glycaemic control. DPP4 acts also as a pro-inflammatory molecule and mediates vascular damage in experimental models. The relationship between DPP4 activity and endothelial function in diabetes has not been explored yet. Aim of this study was to investigate systemic plasma DPP4 activity in relation to endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-two T2DM individuals were recruited in our Diabetes outpatient clinics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. All participants underwent complete clinical work-up; endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test; plasma DPP4 activity was assessed by measuring the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) cleavage rate from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and compared with DPP4 activity measured in sixty-two age-, sex-, BMI-matched non-diabetic subjects. Patients with T2DM had significantly higher DPP4 activity than non-diabetic individuals (211,466 ± 87657 vs 158,087 ± 60267 nmol/min/ml, p < 0.001); in T2DM patients, greater DPP4 activity significantly correlated with lower FMD whereas was not associated with BMI and metabolic control. Greater systemic DPP4 activity was an independent predictor of reduced FMD after adjusting for age, gender and other confounders. CONCLUSIONS Circulating DPP4 activity is increased in individuals with T2DM and associated with signs of endothelial dysfunction such as impaired FMD. DPP4 may negatively affect endothelial function through mechanisms beyond glucose homeostasis and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Zhou X, Xu C, Wang K, Chu Q, Dong C, Wu C, Zhao J, Li L, Wang L. [Effect of traditional Chinese medicine for replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood on renal Notch/Hes1 signaling in rats with diabetic nephropathy]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:855-860. [PMID: 31340921 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) capsule for replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood on Notch/Hes1 signaling pathway in the renal tissue and vascular endothelial CD34 and CD144 expressions in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Rat models of early-stage diabetic nephropathy were established by left nephrectomy and high- fat and high- sugar feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The rats were randomized into model group, benazepril group, and high-, moderate-, and low-dose TCM capsule groups for corresponding treatments, with 6 normal rats as the control group. After 8 weeks of drug treatment, blood glucose and 24-h urinary albumin of the rats were measured, and the renal histopathology was observed with HE staining; Hes1 expression in the renal tissue was detected with immunohistochemical staining, and the renal expressions of CD34 and CD144 were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the rat models of diabetic nephropathy showed obvious abnormalities in 24- h urinary albumin and expressions of Hes1, CD34 and CD144d. The TCM capsule at both the high and moderate doses significantly reduced 24-h urinary albumin in the rats; the renal expressions of Hes1 and CD34 was significantly reduced in all the dose groups, and the expression of CD144 was significantly reduced in the high- dose group. Compared with benazepril group, the TCM capsule obviously reduced CD34 expression at all the 3 doses and lowered CD144 expression at the low dose. Histopathologically, the rats in the model group showed glomerular hypertrophy, increased mesenteric matrix, thickening and widening of the mesenteric membrane, and nodular hyperplasia. These pathologies were obviously alleviated by treatment with the TCM capsule at the high and moderate doses. CONCLUSIONS The Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) capsule for replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood can reduce Hes1, CD34 and CD144 in kidney tissue of model rats, play a protective role on kidney function and delay the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Congshu Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Quangen Chu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Changwu Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chuanyun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiangen Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lingxiu Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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The effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on blood pressure: a pleiotropic action favoring cardio- and nephroprotection. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1285-1303. [PMID: 31161798 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strict blood pressure (BP) control in patients with diabetes is associated with reductions in cardiovascular and renal risk. SGLT-2 inhibitors act in the proximal tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption. They also have mild natriuretic and diuretic effects, combining properties of proximal tubule diuretics and osmotic diuretics, which are expected to reduce BP. Several lines of evidence suggests that SGLT-2 inhibitors produce mild but meaningful reductions in BP and also decrease the incidence of renal outcomes, cardiovascular events and mortality. Thus, recent guidelines for type 2 diabetes suggest that among oral agents to use together with metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors should be preferred in patients at increased cardiovascular risk, kidney disease or heart failure. This review summarizes current literature on the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on BP, and its potential relationships with cardio- and nephroprotection.
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Abstract
Insulin initiation and titration can be challenging for many primary care providers who are involved in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite the introduction of advanced insulin analogs and improvements in insulin delivery devices, many patients with type 2 diabetes continue to experience suboptimal glycemic control. With an increasing number of treatment options available, type 2 diabetes management is moving away from a "one-size-fits-all" approach and toward individualized treatment regimens based on particular patient needs. Given this, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and certified diabetes educators are becoming increasingly valuable resources in busy primary care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chun
- OptumCare Medical Group, Laguna Niguel, CA
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41
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Ho HJ, Shirakawa H, Hirahara K, Sone H, Kamiyama S, Komai M. Menaquinone-4 Amplified Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Isolated Mouse Pancreatic Islets and INS-1 Rat Insulinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081995. [PMID: 31018587 PMCID: PMC6515216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2 is indispensable for blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is the predominant homolog of vitamin K2, which is present in large amounts in the pancreas, although its function is unclear. Meanwhile, β-cell dysfunction following insulin secretion has been found to decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To elucidate the physiological function of MK-4 in pancreatic β-cells, we studied the effects of MK-4 treatment on isolated mouse pancreatic islets and rat INS-1 cells. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion significantly increased in isolated islets and INS-1 cells treated with MK-4. It was further clarified that MK-4 enhanced cAMP levels, accompanied by the regulation of the exchange protein directly activated by the cAMP 2 (Epac2)-dependent pathway but not the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. A novel function of MK-4 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was found, suggesting that MK-4 might act as a potent amplifier of the incretin effect. This study therefore presents a novel potential therapeutic approach for impaired insulinotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Ho
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Keisukei Hirahara
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Sone
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata 950-8680, Japan.
| | - Shin Kamiyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata 950-8680, Japan.
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
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Nerup N, Ambrus R, Lindhe J, Achiam MP, Jeppesen PB, Svendsen LB. The effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon‐like peptide‐2 on microcirculation: A systematic review. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12367. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Nerup
- Department of Surgical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Rikard Ambrus
- Department of Surgical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Joanna Lindhe
- Department of Surgical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Michael P. Achiam
- Department of Surgical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Palle B. Jeppesen
- Department of Medical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Lars B. Svendsen
- Department of Surgical GastroenterologyRigshospitaletCopenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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43
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Park SH, Yoon JH, Seo DY, Kim TN, Ko JR, Han J. Resistance Exercise Training Attenuates the Loss of Endogenous GLP-1 Receptor in the Hypothalamus of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050830. [PMID: 30866463 PMCID: PMC6427815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on hypothalamic GLP-1R levels and its related signaling mechanisms in T2DM. The animals were separated into three groups: a non-diabetic control (CON), diabetic control (DM), and diabetic with resistance exercise (DM + EXE) group. The resistance exercise training group performed ladder climbing (eight repetitions, three days per week for 12 weeks). Body weight was slightly lower in the DM + EXE group than the DM group, but difference between the groups was not significant. Food intake and glucose were significantly lower in the DM + EXE group than in the DM group. The blood insulin concentration was significantly higher and glucagon was significantly lower in the DM + EXE group. The DM + EXE group in the hypothalamus showed significant increases in GLP-1R mRNA, protein kinase A (PKA), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and protein kinase B (AKT) and significant decrease in protein kinase C-iota (PKC-iota). Antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis factors were significantly improved in the DM + EXE group compared with the DM group in the hypothalamus. The results suggest that resistance exercise contributes to improvements the overall health of the brain in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Park
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwan Yoon
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jeong Rim Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
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Kalaitzoglou E, Fowlkes JL, Popescu I, Thrailkill KM. Diabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3100. [PMID: 30467957 PMCID: PMC6358500 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher fracture risk than age-matched persons without diabetes, attributed to disease-specific deficits in the microarchitecture and material properties of bone tissue. Therefore, independent effects of diabetes drugs on skeletal integrity are vitally important. Studies of incretin-based therapies have shown divergent effects of different agents on fracture risk, including detrimental, beneficial, and neutral effects. The sulfonylurea class of drugs, owing to its hypoglycemic potential, is thought to amplify the risk of fall-related fractures, particularly in the elderly. Other agents such as the biguanides may, in fact, be osteo-anabolic. In contrast, despite similarly expected anabolic properties of insulin, data suggests that insulin pharmacotherapy itself, particularly in type 2 diabetes, may be a risk factor for fracture, negatively associated with determinants of bone quality and bone strength. Finally, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk of atypical fractures in select populations, and possibly with an increase in lower extremity amputation with specific SGLT2I drugs. The role of skeletal muscle, as a potential mediator and determinant of bone quality, is also a relevant area of exploration. Currently, data regarding the impact of glucose lowering medications on diabetes-related muscle atrophy is more limited, although preclinical studies suggest that various hypoglycemic agents may have either aggravating (sulfonylureas, glinides) or repairing (thiazolidinediones, biguanides, incretins) effects on skeletal muscle atrophy, thereby influencing bone quality. Hence, the therapeutic efficacy of each hypoglycemic agent must also be evaluated in light of its impact, alone or in combination, on musculoskeletal health, when determining an individualized treatment approach. Moreover, the effect of newer medications (potentially seeking expanded clinical indication into the pediatric age range) on the growing skeleton is largely unknown. Herein, we review the available literature regarding effects of diabetes pharmacotherapy, by drug class and/or by clinical indication, on the musculoskeletal health of persons with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John L Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kathryn M Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Shi C, Zhang R, Bai R, Liu D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Du J. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to metformin and insulin compared with voglibose in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e736. [PMID: 31038562 PMCID: PMC6474317 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin compared with voglibose added to combined metformin and insulin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS In this 12-week prospective, randomized, parallel trial, 70 newly diagnosed T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥9% and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥11.1 mmol/L were randomized (1:1) to receive sitagliptin 100 mg per day + metformin + insulin glargine or voglibose 0.2 mg three times daily + metformin + insulin glargine. Change in HbA1c at week 12 was the primary endpoint. RESULTS The mean baseline HbA1c was 11.0% in the patients. The changes in HbA1c from baseline were -6.00% in the sitagliptin group and -3.58% in the voglibose group, and the between-group difference was -2.42% (95% CI -1.91 to -2.93, p=0.02). The differences in FPG and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the change in body weight between groups from baseline were -2.95 mmol/L (p=0.04), 43.91 (p=0.01) and -2.23 kg (p=0.01), respectively. One patient (2.9%) in the sitagliptin group and three patients (8.6%) in the voglibose group exhibited hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin added to combined metformin and insulin therapy showed greater efficacy and good safety regarding hypoglycemia in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM compared with voglibose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ran Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Hong H, Luo Y. Purification and identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) muscle hydrolysate. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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48
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de Lucia C, Eguchi A, Koch WJ. New Insights in Cardiac β-Adrenergic Signaling During Heart Failure and Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 30147654 PMCID: PMC6095970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Pharmacology – Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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49
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Goldenberg RM, Steen O. Semaglutide: Review and Place in Therapy for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2018; 43:136-145. [PMID: 30195966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines increasingly highlight the importance of multifactorial management in type 2 diabetes, in contrast to the more traditional focus on glycemic control. Semaglutide, a recently approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is indicated in Canada for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control as monotherapy with diet and exercise when metformin is inappropriate or as an add-on to either metformin alone or metformin plus a sulfonylurea or basal insulin. The Semaglutide Unabated Sustainability in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN) clinical trial program for semaglutide comprises 6 pivotal global phase 3a trials (SUSTAIN 1 through 6) and 2 Japanese phase 3a trials. Phase 3b trials include SUSTAIN 7, and SUSTAIN 8 and 9 (both ongoing). Results from the completed trials support the superiority of semaglutide for reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels and weight loss vs. placebo as well as active comparators, including sitagliptin, exenatide extended-release, dulaglutide and insulin glargine. SUSTAIN 6 trial data confirmed cardiovascular safety and demonstrated significant reductions in major cardiovascular events with semaglutide vs. placebo, an outcome that confirmed the noninferiority of semaglutide. The robust and sustained effects of semaglutide on glycated hemoglobin levels and weight loss vs. comparators, as well as its safety and possible cardiovascular benefit, address an unmet need in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This article overviews data from across the semaglutide clinical trial program, including efficacy and safety results and findings from post hoc analyses. The potential place of semaglutide in clinical practice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Steen
- LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Tasyurek HM, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Griffith TS, Sanlioglu S. Therapeutic Potential of Lentivirus-Mediated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Gene Therapy for Diabetes. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:802-815. [PMID: 29409356 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial glucose-induced insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans is facilitated by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-a metabolic hormone with insulinotropic properties. Among the variety of effects it mediates, GLP-1 induces delta cell secretion of somatostatin, inhibits alpha cell release of glucagon, reduces gastric emptying, and slows food intake. These events collectively contribute to weight loss over time. During type 2 diabetes (T2DM), however, the incretin response to glucose is reduced and accompanied by a moderate reduction in GLP-1 secretion. To compensate for the reduced incretin effect, a human immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vector was generated to deliver DNA encoding human GLP-1 (LentiGLP-1), and the anti-diabetic efficacy of LentiGLP-1 was tested in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced model of T2DM. Therapeutic administration of LentiGLP-1 reduced blood glucose levels in obese diabetic Sprague Dawley rats, along with improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Normoglycemia was correlated with increased blood GLP-1 and pancreatic beta cell regeneration in LentiGLP-1-treated rats. Plasma triglyceride levels were also normalized after LentiGLP-1 injection. Collectively, these data suggest the clinical potential of GLP-1 gene transfer therapy for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale M Tasyurek
- 1 Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals , Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Altunbas
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Balci
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- 3 Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- 1 Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals , Antalya, Turkey
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