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Lin F, Yuan Y, Ye X, Lv J, Liu X, Guo H, Wen X. Characterization and role of connective tissue growth factor gene in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1336-1345. [PMID: 36473534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is a matricellular protein with diverse biological function. It is regarded as a central regulator of tissue fibrosis and collagen synthesis in mammals. However, its roles in fish remain elusive. Here, a ctgf gene was cloned (NcCtgf), characterized and functionally studied in the chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). NcCtgf encoded a protein containing 346 amino acids, 38 conserved cysteine residues, 4 functional domains and a signal peptide. NcCtgf shared highest identity (99.4 %) to the Larimichthys crocea Ctgf protein. Phylogenetic tree revealed that NcCtgf clustered with the teleost Ctgfa and Ctgf of higher vertebrates, instead of teleost Ctgfb. NcCtgf was expressed with higher level in gonad, spleen, gill and swimming bladder than other tissues, and was up-regulated in swim bladder synchronously with collagen I genes by hydroxyproline and TGF-β1 treatment. NcCtgf knockdown/overexpression inhibited/promoted collagen synthesis in swim bladder cell, respectively. Notably, NcCtgf protein could be secreted to cell culture medium and up-regulated collagen I expression in swim bladder cell. These findings indicate NcCtgf plays vital roles in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of Nibea coibor, and provide basis for further understanding of ctgf evolution and exploring new approach for enhancing collagen deposition in fish products during aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuying Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaokang Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiehuan Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haoji Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Rayrikar AY, Wagh GA, Santra MK, Patra C. Ccn2a-FGFR1-SHH signaling is necessary for intervertebral disc homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201036. [PMID: 36458546 PMCID: PMC10108606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the primary cause of back pain in humans. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of IVD degeneration is poorly understood. This study shows that zebrafish IVDs possess distinct and non-overlapping zones of cell proliferation and cell death. We find that, in zebrafish, cellular communication network factor 2a (ccn2a) is expressed in notochord and IVDs. Although IVD development appears normal in ccn2a mutants, the adult mutant IVDs exhibit decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death leading to IVD degeneration. Moreover, Ccn2a overexpression promotes regeneration through accelerating cell proliferation and suppressing cell death in wild-type aged IVDs. Mechanistically, Ccn2a maintains IVD homeostasis and promotes IVD regeneration by enhancing outer annulus fibrosus cell proliferation and suppressing nucleus pulposus cell death through augmenting FGFR1-SHH signaling. These findings reveal that Ccn2a plays a central role in IVD homeostasis and regeneration, which could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in degenerated human discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Y. Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh A. Wagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas K. Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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Pan WQ, Wang JP, Tu ZH, Gan T, Hu J, Wei J, Leng XJ, Li XQ. Cloning, molecular characterization, and tissue differential expression of connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) of grass carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1431-1443. [PMID: 31267430 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) is involved in the proliferation, migration, adhesion of cell, and the constituent of extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in embryogenesis, angiogenesis, wound repair, and fibrosis diseases. In this study, the cDNA sequence of grass carp ctgf gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method; then, the characteristics of this gene and the predicted protein sequence were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the tissue differential expression pattern was detected by the quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the grass carp ctgf gene has a full-length of 2223 bp, encoding 343 amino acids. The deduced CTGF protein is a hydrophilic and secretary protein with a molecular mass of 37,978.2 Da and an isoelectric point of 8.22. The signal peptide locates between residue positions 1 and 22 of the polypeptide chain. The protein contains α-helix, β-strand, and loops. The CTGF protein of grass carp shows a homology of 98%, 96%, 91%, and 91% with Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), zebrafish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). The grass carp ctgf gene expressed significantly higher in blood and spleen than that in other tissues (P < 0.05). The low expression tissues included the heart, gill, skin, muscle, kidney, brain, and intestinal, and the lowest expression tissue was the liver. The results are consistent with the function of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Pan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun-Peng Wang
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Gan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wei
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Leng
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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A Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Origin and Evolution of the CCN Gene Family. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8620878. [PMID: 31321242 PMCID: PMC6610741 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8620878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CCN gene family members have recently been identified as multifunctional regulators involved in diverse biological functions, especially in vascular and skeletal development. In the present study, a comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis was performed to show the similarities and differences in structure and function of CCNs from different organisms and to reveal their potential evolutionary relationship. First, CCN homologs of metazoans from different species were identified. Then we made multiple sequence alignments, MEME analysis, and functional sites prediction, which show the highly conserved structural features among CCN metazoans. The phylogenetic tree was further established, and thus CCNs were found undergoing extensive lineage-specific duplication events and lineage-specific expansion during the evolutionary process. Besides, comparative analysis about the genomic organization and chromosomal CCN gene surrounding indicated a clear orthologous relationship among these species counterparts. At last, based on these research results above, a potential evolutionary scenario was generated to overview the origin and evolution of the CCN gene family.
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Isolation and characterization of hypoxia inducible gene connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in Labeo rohita. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1683-1691. [PMID: 30689187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The connective tissue growth factor gene plays important role in several biological processes and also responsive to hypoxia stress in fishes. The freshwater fish, Labeo rohita, highly cultured in Indian subcontinent for food, is reported as hypoxia sensitive but annotation and sequences of nuclear genes were not available for this species so far in the public domain, except some transcripts. In this study, an attempt was made for isolation and annotation of the CTGF gene in L. rohita using information of zebrafish from the same family. The CTGF gene sequence was obtained by aligning assembled genome of L. rohita, (NCBI BioProject ID: PRJNA437789), with the CTGF protein of zebrafish. Eight overlapping sets of forward and reverse primers from aligned region were designed for amplification of around 600 bp long successive overlapping fragments of CTGF gene in L. rohita. Assembly and annotation of overlapping fragments confirmed a complete 2421 bp long CTGF gene sequence with a full coding region that comprised of five exons between 308 and 1921 positions. This annotated CTGF gene sequence was submitted to GenBank (Acc. No. KY940466). Characterization of CTGF will be an initiative in identification of hypoxia response genes in L. rohita which may further help in understanding the mechanism of hypoxia tolerability in this species.
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Astone M, Lai JKH, Dupont S, Stainier DYR, Argenton F, Vettori A. Zebrafish mutants and TEAD reporters reveal essential functions for Yap and Taz in posterior cardinal vein development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10189. [PMID: 29976931 PMCID: PMC6033906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As effectors of the Hippo signaling cascade, YAP1 and TAZ are transcriptional regulators playing important roles in development, tissue homeostasis and cancer. A number of different cues, including mechanotransduction of extracellular stimuli, adhesion molecules, oncogenic signaling and metabolism modulate YAP1/TAZ nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. In the nucleus, YAP1/TAZ tether with the DNA binding proteins TEADs, to activate the expression of target genes that regulate proliferation, migration, cell plasticity, and cell fate. Based on responsive elements present in the human and zebrafish promoters of the YAP1/TAZ target gene CTGF, we established zebrafish fluorescent transgenic reporter lines of Yap1/Taz activity. These reporter lines provide an in vivo view of Yap1/Taz activity during development and adulthood at the whole organism level. Transgene expression was detected in many larval tissues including the otic vesicles, heart, pharyngeal arches, muscles and brain and is prominent in endothelial cells. Analysis of vascular development in yap1/taz zebrafish mutants revealed specific defects in posterior cardinal vein (PCV) formation, with altered expression of arterial/venous markers. The overactivation of Yap1/Taz in endothelial cells was sufficient to promote an aberrant vessel sprouting phenotype. Our findings confirm and extend the emerging role of Yap1/Taz in vascular development including angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Luciferases/chemistry
- Luciferases/genetics
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mutation
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
- Transgenes/genetics
- Veins/cytology
- Veins/growth & development
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sirio Dupont
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Vettori
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has central roles in tissue integrity and remodeling throughout the life span of animals. While collagens are the most abundant structural components of ECM in most tissues, tissue-specific molecular complexity is contributed by ECM glycoproteins. The matricellular glycoproteins are categorized primarily according to functional criteria and represented predominantly by the thrombospondin, tenascin, SPARC/osteonectin, and CCN families. These proteins do not self-assemble into ECM fibrils; nevertheless, they shape ECM properties through interactions with structural ECM proteins, growth factors, and cells. Matricellular proteins also promote cell migration or morphological changes through adhesion-modulating or counter-adhesive actions on cell-ECM adhesions, intracellular signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, matricellular proteins are most highly expressed during embryonic development. In adult tissues, expression is more limited unless activated by cues for dynamic tissue remodeling and cell motility, such as occur during inflammatory response and wound repair. Many insights in the complex roles of matricellular proteins have been obtained from studies of gene knockout mice. However, with the exception of chordate-specific tenascins, these are highly conserved proteins that are encoded in many animal phyla. This review will consider the increasing body of research on matricellular proteins in nonmammalian animal models. These models provide better access to the very earliest stages of embryonic development and opportunities to study biological processes such as limb and organ regeneration. In aggregate, this research is expanding concepts of the functions and mechanisms of action of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Moons T, De Hert M, Gellens E, Gielen L, Sweers K, Jacqmaert S, van Winkel R, Vandekerckhove P, Claes S. Genetic Evaluation of Schizophrenia Using the Illumina HumanExome Chip. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150464. [PMID: 27028512 PMCID: PMC4814136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with several common and rare genetic variants. As technology involved, cost advantages of chip based genotyping was combined with information about rare variants, resulting in the Infinium HumanExome Beadchip. Using this chip, a sample of 493 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 484 healthy controls was genotyped. RESULTS From the initial 242901 SNVs, 88306 had at least one minor allele and passed quality control. No variant reached genomewide-significant results (p<10(-8)). The SNP with the lowest p-value was rs1230345 in WISP3 (p = 3.05*10(-6)), followed by rs9311525 in CACNA2D3 (p = 1.03*10(-5)) and rs1558557 (p = 3.85*10(-05)) on chromosome 7. At the gene level, 3 genes were of interest: WISP3, on chromosome 6q21, a signally protein from the extracellular matrix. A second candidate gene is CACNA2D3, a regulator of the intracerebral calcium pathway. A third gene is TNFSF10, associated with p53 mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Moons
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Edith Gellens
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Gielen
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Kim Sweers
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Krupska I, Bruford EA, Chaqour B. Eyeing the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) group of genes in development and diseases: highlights of their structural likenesses and functional dissimilarities. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26395334 PMCID: PMC4579636 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
“CCN” is an acronym referring to the first letter of each of the first three members of this original group of mammalian functionally and phylogenetically distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [i.e., cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and nephroblastoma-overexpressed (NOV)]. Although “CCN” genes are unlikely to have arisen from a common ancestral gene, their encoded proteins share multimodular structures in which most cysteine residues are strictly conserved in their positions within several structural motifs. The CCN genes can be subdivided into members developmentally indispensable for embryonic viability (e.g., CCN1, 2 and 5), each assuming unique tissue-specific functions, and members not essential for embryonic development (e.g., CCN3, 4 and 6), probably due to a balance of functional redundancy and specialization during evolution. The temporo-spatial regulation of the CCN genes and the structural information contained within the sequences of their encoded proteins reflect diversity in their context and tissue-specific functions. Genetic association studies and experimental anomalies, replicated in various animal models, have shown that altered CCN gene structure or expression is associated with “injury” stimuli—whether mechanical (e.g., trauma, shear stress) or chemical (e.g., ischemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation). Consequently, increased organ-specific susceptibility to structural damages ensues. These data underscore the critical functions of CCN proteins in the dynamics of tissue repair and regeneration and in the compensatory responses preceding organ failure. A better understanding of the regulation and mode of action of each CCN member will be useful in developing specific gain- or loss-of-function strategies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krupska
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,State University of New York (SUNY) Eye Institute Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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Social Regulation of Gene Expression in Threespine Sticklebacks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137726. [PMID: 26367311 PMCID: PMC4569571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes that are differentially expressed in response to social interactions is informative for understanding the molecular basis of social behavior. To address this question, we described changes in gene expression as a result of differences in the extent of social interactions. We housed threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) females in either group conditions or individually for one week, then measured levels of gene expression in three brain regions using RNA-sequencing. We found that numerous genes in the hindbrain/cerebellum had altered expression in response to group or individual housing. However, relatively few genes were differentially expressed in either the diencephalon or telencephalon. The list of genes upregulated in fish from social groups included many genes related to neural development and cell adhesion as well as genes with functions in sensory signaling, stress, and social and reproductive behavior. The list of genes expressed at higher levels in individually-housed fish included several genes previously identified as regulated by social interactions in other animals. The identified genes are interesting targets for future research on the molecular mechanisms of normal social interactions.
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Mateus R, Lourenço R, Fang Y, Brito G, Farinho A, Valério F, Jacinto A. Control of tissue growth by Yap relies on cell density and F-actin in zebrafish fin regeneration. Development 2015. [PMID: 26209644 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Caudal fin regeneration is characterized by a proliferation boost in the mesenchymal blastema that is controlled precisely in time and space. This allows a gradual and robust restoration of original fin size. However, how this is established and regulated is not well understood. Here, we report that Yap, the Hippo pathway effector, is a chief player in this process: functionally manipulating Yap during regeneration dramatically affects cell proliferation and expression of key signaling pathways, impacting regenerative growth. The intracellular location of Yap is tightly associated with different cell densities along the blastema proximal-distal axis, which correlate with alterations in cell morphology, cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts in a gradient-like manner. Importantly, Yap inactivation occurs in high cell density areas, conditional to F-actin distribution and polymerization. We propose that Yap is essential for fin regeneration and that its function is dependent on mechanical tension, conferred by a balancing act of cell density and cytoskeleton activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mateus
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lourenço
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Yi Fang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gonçalo Brito
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Ana Farinho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Fábio Valério
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal Instituto Gulbenkian Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
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Wang Y, Li FG, Qin B, Chen J, Jiang XY, Zou SM. Duplicated connective tissue growth factor genes in hypoxia-sensitive blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and their in vivo expression. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 181:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Establishment of transgenic lines to monitor and manipulate Yap/Taz-Tead activity in zebrafish reveals both evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions of the Hippo pathway. Mech Dev 2014; 133:177-88. [PMID: 24560909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of Hippo pathway signaling during vertebrate development transgenic zebrafish lines were generated and validated to dynamically monitor and manipulate Yap/Taz-Tead activity. Spatial and temporal analysis of Yap/Taz-Tead activity suggested the importance of Hippo signaling during cardiac precursor migration and other developmental processes. When the transcriptional co-activators, Yap and Taz were restricted from interacting with DNA-binding Tead transcription factors through expression of a dominant negative transgene, cardiac precursors failed to migrate completely to the midline resulting in strong cardia bifida. Yap/Taz-Tead activity reporters also allowed us to investigate upstream and downstream factors known to regulate Hippo signaling output in Drosophila. While Crumbs mutations in Drosophila eye disc epithelia increase nuclear translocation and activity of Yorkie (the fly homolog of Yap/Taz), zebrafish crb2a mutants lacked nuclear Yap positive cells and down-regulated Yap/Taz-Tead activity reporters in the eye epithelia, despite the loss of apical-basal cell polarity in those cells. However, as an example of evolutionary conservation, the Tondu-domain containing protein Vestigial-like 4b (Vgll4b) was found to down-regulate endogenous Yap/Taz-Tead activity in the retinal pigment epithelium, similar to Drosophila Tgi in imaginal discs. In conclusion, the Yap/Taz-Tead activity reporters revealed the dynamics of Yap/Taz-Tead signaling and novel insights into Hippo pathway regulation for vertebrates. These studies highlight the utility of this transgenic tool-suite for ongoing analysis into the mechanisms of Hippo pathway regulation and the consequences of signaling output.
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Goodale BC, Tilton SC, Corvi MM, Wilson GR, Janszen DB, Anderson KA, Waters KM, Tanguay RL. Structurally distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce differential transcriptional responses in developing zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:656-70. [PMID: 23656968 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment as components of fossil fuels and by-products of combustion. These multi-ring chemicals differentially activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in a structurally dependent manner, and induce toxicity via both AHR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PAH exposure is known to induce developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos, and recent studies have shown cardiac toxicity induced by compounds with low AHR affinity. Unraveling the potentially diverse molecular mechanisms of PAH toxicity is essential for understanding the hazard posed by complex PAH mixtures present in the environment. We analyzed transcriptional responses to PAH exposure in zebrafish embryos exposed to benz(a)anthracene (BAA), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and pyrene (PYR) at concentrations that induced developmental malformations by 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Whole genome microarray analysis of mRNA expression at 24 and 48 hpf identified genes that were differentially regulated over time and in response to the three PAH structures. PAH body burdens were analyzed at both time points using GC-MS, and demonstrated differences in PAH uptake into the embryos. This was important for discerning dose-related differences from those that represented unique molecular mechanisms. While BAA misregulated the least number of transcripts, it caused strong induction of cyp1a and other genes known to be downstream of the AHR, which were not induced by the other two PAHs. Analysis of functional roles of misregulated genes and their predicted regulatory transcription factors also distinguished the BAA response from regulatory networks disrupted by DBT and PYR exposure. These results indicate that systems approaches can be used to classify the toxicity of PAHs based on the networks perturbed following exposure, and may provide a path for unraveling the toxicity of complex PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton C Goodale
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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15
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Tran CM, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Molecular regulation of CCN2 in the intervertebral disc: lessons learned from other connective tissues. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:298-306. [PMID: 23567513 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) plays an important role in extracellular matrix synthesis, especially in skeletal tissues such as cartilage, bone, and the intervertebral disc. As a result there is a growing interest in examining the function and regulation of this important molecule in the disc. This review discusses the regulation of CCN2 by TGF-β and hypoxia, two critical determinants that characterize the disc microenvironment, and discusses known functions of CCN2 in the disc. The almost ubiquitous regulation of CCN2 by TGF-β, including that seen in the disc, emphasizes the importance of the TGF-β-CCN2 relationship, especially in terms of extracellular matrix synthesis. Likewise, the unique cross-talk between CCN2 and HIF-1 in the disc highlights the tissue and niche specific mode of regulation. Taken together the current literature supports an anabolic role for CCN2 in the disc and its involvement in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during both health and disease. Further studies of CCN2 in this tissue may reveal valuable targets for the biological therapy of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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16
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Masaki T, Qu J, Cholewa-Waclaw J, Burr K, Raaum R, Rambukkana A. Reprogramming adult Schwann cells to stem cell-like cells by leprosy bacilli promotes dissemination of infection. Cell 2013; 152:51-67. [PMID: 23332746 PMCID: PMC4314110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated cells possess a remarkable genomic plasticity that can be manipulated to reverse or change developmental commitments. Here, we show that the leprosy bacterium hijacks this property to reprogram adult Schwann cells, its preferred host niche, to a stage of progenitor/stem-like cells (pSLC) of mesenchymal trait by downregulating Schwann cell lineage/differentiation-associated genes and upregulating genes mostly of mesoderm development. Reprogramming accompanies epigenetic changes and renders infected cells highly plastic, migratory, and immunomodulatory. We provide evidence that acquisition of these properties by pSLC promotes bacterial spread by two distinct mechanisms: direct differentiation to mesenchymal tissues, including skeletal and smooth muscles, and formation of granuloma-like structures and subsequent release of bacteria-laden macrophages. These findings support a model of host cell reprogramming in which a bacterial pathogen uses the plasticity of its cellular niche for promoting dissemination of infection and provide an unexpected link between cellular reprogramming and host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Masaki
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,Center for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,The Rockefeller University, York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jinrong Qu
- The Rockefeller University, York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justyna Cholewa-Waclaw
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,Center for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- Center for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Ryan Raaum
- The Rockefeller University, York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anura Rambukkana
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,Center for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Little France Campus, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK,The Rockefeller University, York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Correspondence: (A.R), Telephone: +44(0) 131-651-9565, Fax: +44(0) 131-651-9501
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17
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Hall-Glenn F, Lyons KM. Roles for CCN2 in normal physiological processes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3209-17. [PMID: 21858450 PMCID: PMC3670951 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCN2, also known as connective tissue growth factor, is a member of the CCN (CCN1-6) family of modular matricellular proteins. Analysis of CCN2 function in vivo has focused primarily on its key role as a mediator of excess ECM synthesis in multiple fibrotic diseases. However, CCN2 and related family members are widely expressed during development. Recent studies using new genetic models are revealing that CCN2 has essential roles in the development of many tissues. This review focuses on current and emerging data on CCN2 and its functions in chondrogenesis and angiogenesis, and on new studies showing that CCN2 has essential functions during embryonic and postnatal development in a number of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Hall-Glenn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 510 Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, 615 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Karen M. Lyons
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 510 Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, 615 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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18
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Lau LF. CCN1/CYR61: the very model of a modern matricellular protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3149-63. [PMID: 21805345 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CCN1 (CYR61) is a dynamically expressed, multifunctional matricellular protein that plays essential roles in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, and regulates inflammation, wound healing and fibrogenesis in the adult. Aberrant CCN1 expression is associated with myriad pathologies, including various cancers and diseases associated with chronic inflammation. CCN1 promotes diverse and sometimes opposing cellular responses, which can be ascribed, as least in part, to disparate activities mediated through its direct binding to distinct integrins in different cell types and contexts. Accordingly, CCN1 promotes cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis by binding to integrin α(v)β(3), and induces apoptosis and senescence through integrin α(6)β(1) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The ability of CCN1 to trigger the accumulation of a robust and sustained level of reactive oxygen species underlies some of its unique activities as a matrix cell-adhesion molecule. Emerging studies suggest that CCN1 might be useful as a biomarker or therapeutic target in certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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