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Guo M, Ma Y, Cai K, Liu X, Liu W, Wang F, Qu N, Liu S. A novel hemizygous CD40L mutation of X-linked hyper IgM syndromes and compound heterozygous DOCK8 mutations of hyper IgE syndromes in two Chinese families. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:165-173. [PMID: 38587548 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (X-HIGM) syndrome and autosomal recessive hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) are rare inborn errors of immunity characterized by recurrent infections due to immune system impairment. In this study, we identified a novel hemizygous CD40 ligand (CD40L) mutation and compound heterozygous dedicator of cytokinesis-8 (DOCK8) mutations in two Han Chinese families with X-HIGM and HIES, respectively. We aimed to investigate the association between their genotypes and phenotypes. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from the families. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify and verify pathogenic variants in the two families. Clinical analyses of the probands were also performed. A novel hemizygous mutation of CD40L in exon 2 (c.257delA) was identified in the first proband, resulting in the substitution of glycine with glutamic acid at codon 86 of the protein. This leads to premature termination of translation at downstream codon 9 (p.E86Gfs*9). Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variant was inherited from the mother. The second proband carried two novel compound heterozygous mutations in DOCK8: one at exon 14 (c.1546C > G) inherited from the father, and the other at intron 41 (c.5355 + 6C > T; splicing) inherited from the mother. This study enhances our understanding of the pathogenetic mutation spectrum of CD40L and DOCK8 genes, facilitating the prenatal diagnosis of X-HIGM and HIES and enabling timely treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxuan Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Kangxi Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuxiang Liu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fengqi Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Niyan Qu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, 6 Tongfu Road, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Yang L, Yang J, Zhang X, Ye X, Liu Y, Wei B, Wang J. Predictive value of soluble CD40L combined with APACHE II score in elderly patients with sepsis in the emergency department. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38243164 PMCID: PMC10797713 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic performance of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) for illness severity in infectious diseases is rarely reported. We investigated the ability of sCD40L combined with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score to evaluate mortality in septic patients in the emergency department(ED). METHODS We enrolled 222 septic patients in the ED of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from October 2020 to April 2021. Their serum sCD40L, PCT, lactate (Lac), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score were used to predict the prognosis of septic patients in terms of 28-day mortality. Serum sCD40L was detected by Human XL Cytokine Luminex. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the prognostic value of the variables. RESULTS One hundred ninety-five patients met the inclusion criteria, divided into survival group (55 cases) and non-survival group (140 cases). sCD40L, PCT, Lac, SOFA and APACHE II score were found to independently predict 28-day mortality (P < 0.05). The AUC values of sCD40L, PCT, Lac, SOFA and APACHE II score were 0.662,0.727,0.704, 0.719 and 0.716, respectively. There was no difference in the diagnostic value of sCD40L compared with the PCT, Lac, SOFA score or APACHE II score (Z1 = 1.19, P = 0.234; Z2 = 0.77, P = 0.441; Z3 = 1.05, P = 0.294; Z4 = 0.97, P = 0.332). However, the combined evaluation of sCD40L + APACHE II (AUC:0.772, Z = 2.10, P = 0.036) was much better than sCD40L alone in predicting 28-day mortality. CONCLUSION The predictive value of sCD40L + APACHE II is better than sCD40L alone for 28-day mortality. sCD40L combined with APACHE II score is valuable for predicting 28-day mortality in elderly patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiangqun Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinghua Ye
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yugeng Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Tian HF, Xing J, Tang XQ, Chi H, Sheng XZ, Zhan WB. Cluster of differentiation antigens: essential roles in the identification of teleost fish T lymphocytes. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:303-316. [PMID: 37073166 PMCID: PMC10077257 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are cell surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells associated with the immune system. Antibodies that react with CD antigens are known to be one of the most essential tools for identifying leukocyte subpopulations. T lymphocytes, as an important population of leukocytes, play essential roles in the adaptive immune system. Many of the CD antigens expressed on T lymphocytes are used as surface markers for T lymphocyte classification, including CD3, CD4 and CD8 molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of CD molecules on T lymphocytes in teleosts, with emphasis on the functions of CD markers in the classification of T lymphocyte subsets. We notice that genes encoding CD3, co-receptors CD4 and CD8 have been cloned in several fish species and antibodies have been developed to study protein expression in morphological and functional contexts. T lymphocytes can be divided into CD4+ and CD8+ cells discriminated by the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules in teleost, which are functionally similar to mammalian helper T cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc), respectively. Further studies are still needed on the particular characteristics of teleost T cell repertoires and adaptive responses, and results will facilitate the health management and development of vaccines for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xiao-qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiu-zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
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Schnabel CL, Fletemeyer B, Lübke S, Marti E, Wagner B, Alber G. CD154 Expression Indicates T Cell Activation Following Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination of Horses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805026. [PMID: 35493462 PMCID: PMC9043809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the relevance of adaptive immunity against equine pathogens antigen-specific T cell responses of horses are not well characterized and the lack of insight into T cell responses hampers the understanding of the pathogeneses of important diseases. In this study we used tetanus toxoid (TT) as a well-defined antigen to characterize antigen-reactive T cells. Six healthy adult horses received a routine booster against tetanus with an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccine and were followed for 28 days. TT-specific serum antibodies were quantified by ELISA and increased in all horses by day 7 after vaccination. CD154 is an established indicator of antigen-reactive T helper cells in other species, but has not been characterized in horses. CD154 detection in equine PBMC by an anti-human CD154 antibody (clone 5C8) was confirmed by Western blots and then applied for flow cytometry. As a common indicator of equine T cell activation, cytokine induction was studied in parallel. T cells were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry of PBMC after re-stimulation with TT in vitro. Reactive T helper (Th) cells were characterized by increased frequencies of CD4+CD154+ lymphocytes in in vitro TT-re-stimulated PBMC on day 14 after vaccination of the horses compared to pre-vaccination. The majority of all CD154+ cells after TT re-stimulation were CD4+ Th cells, but CD154 was also induced on CD4- cells albeit in lower frequencies. CD154+CD4+ Th cells were enriched in cytokine-expressing cells compared to CD154-CD4+ Th cells. Similar to the CD4+CD154+ frequencies, CD4+IL-4+, CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+TNF-α+ were increased after vaccination, but IL-4+ increased later than IFN-γ+ and CD4+TNF-α+, which already exceeded pre-vaccination frequencies on day 7. CD4+CD154+ frequencies correlated positively with those of CD4+IL-4+ (Th2) on day 14, and negatively with CD4+IFN-γ+ induction on day 7, but did not correlate with CD4+TNF-α+ frequencies or TT-specific antibody concentrations. CD154 appears to be a useful marker of antigen-reactive equine Th cells in combination with cytokine expression. The T cell analyses established here with TT can be applied to other antigens relevant for infections or allergies of horses and in horse models for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Schnabel
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Babette Fletemeyer
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lübke
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliane Marti
- Clinical Immunology Group, Department for Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Li Z, Sun C, Wang F, Wang X, Zhu J, Luo L, Ding X, Zhang Y, Ding P, Wang H, Pu M, Li Y, Wang S, Qin Q, Wei Y, Sun J, Wang X, Luo Y, Chen D, Qiu W. Molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell heterogeneity across different species revealed by single-cell sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e689. [PMID: 35092700 PMCID: PMC8800483 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play important roles in mediating immune response and host defense against invading pathogens. However, insights into the molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell diversity among multiple species are limited. METHODS In this study, we compared the single-cell transcriptomes of immune cells from 12 species. Distinct molecular profiles were characterized for different immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. RESULTS Our data revealed the heterogeneity and compositions of circulating immune cells among 12 different species. Additionally, we explored the conserved and divergent cellular crosstalks and genetic regulatory networks among vertebrate immune cells. Notably, the ligand and receptor pair VIM-CD44 was highly conserved among the immune cells. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cross-species single-cell transcriptome atlas for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This research should advance our understanding of the cellular taxonomy and fundamental functions of PBMCs, with important implications in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and immune system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chengcheng Sun
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative MedicineQingdao‐Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI‐Qingdao, BGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
| | - Xiran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original BacteriaSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihua Luo
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peiwen Ding
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haoyu Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original BacteriaSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalShanghaiChina
- Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yonglun Luo
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative MedicineQingdao‐Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI‐Qingdao, BGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
- Steno Diabetes Center AarhusAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Wei Qiu
- Department of NeurologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Vial G, Gensous N, Duffau P. [The CD40-CD40L axis: Current and future implications in clinical immunology]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:722-728. [PMID: 33674076 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway is a backbone of communication between cells of the immune system. It makes it possible to generate a proinflammatory signal and thus participates in the pathogenesis of dysimmune diseases, transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. Because of this therapeutic target of choice, several generations of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies have emerged since the 1990s. The first generation of antibodies was responsible for thromboembolic toxicity for which the mechanisms are starting to be defined. New generations of antibodies were designed to overcome this toxicity and are still being developed in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome or immunologic thrombocytopenia. In addition to these targeted therapies, there are data suggesting the impact of several drugs among molecules used in cardiology and clinical immunology on the level of CD40L. The objective of this review is to recall the clinical issues related to the CD40-CD40L axis and to present current or future treatments that block CD40L which would allow clinicians to diversify their options for managing dysimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vial
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - N Gensous
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Duffau
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Yazdani R, Fekrvand S, Shahkarami S, Azizi G, Moazzami B, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. The hyper IgM syndromes: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clin Immunol 2018; 198:19-30. [PMID: 30439505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyper Immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low or absent levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgE and normal or increased levels of serum IgM. Various X-linked and autosomal recessive/dominant mutations have been reported as the underlying cause of the disease. Based on the underlying genetic defect, the affected patients present a variety of clinical manifestations including pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications, autoimmune disorders, hematologic abnormalities, lymphoproliferation and malignancies which could be controlled by multiple relevant therapeutic approaches. Herein, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, prognosis and treatment in patients with HIGM syndrome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahkarami
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bobak Moazzami
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Ottaiano A, Pisano C, De Chiara A, Ascierto PA, Botti G, Barletta E, Apice G, Gridelli C, Iaffaioli VR. Cd40 Activation as Potential Tool in Malignant Neoplasms. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 88:361-6. [PMID: 12487551 DOI: 10.1177/030089160208800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40, a cell surface molecule, is expressed on B-cell malignancies and many different solid tumors. It is capable of mediating diverse biological phenomena such as the induction of apoptosis in tumors and stimulation of the immune response. It has thus been studied as a possible target for antitumor therapy. The general aim of this review is to focus the attention of clinical oncologists on the involvement of CD40 in tumors and the rationale of CD40-activation-based therapies in new, biologically oriented antitumor protocols. Methods A Medline review of published papers about the role of CD40 activation in cancer therapy. Results Many authors have shown that CD40 activation promotes apoptotic death of tumor cells and that the presence of the molecule on the surface of carcinoma lines is an important factor in the generation of tumor-specific T-cell responses that contribute to tumor cell elimination. The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is the natural ligand for CD40; it is expressed primarily on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. Preclinical studies suggest that CD40-CD40L interaction could be useful for cytotoxicity against CD40-expressing tumors and for immune stimulation. Tumor inhibition was observed when tumor cells were treated with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies or with the soluble form of CD40L. The results of the first phase I clinical trial to treat cancer patients with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human CD40L have been recently reported. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed that detection of CD40 in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and lung cancer may have a negative prognostic value. Interestingly, up-regulation of CD40 was observed in the tumor vessels of renal carcinomas and Kaposi's sarcoma, suggesting possible involvement of CD40 in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, it has also been shown that CD40 engagement on endothelial cells induces in vitro tubule formation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases, two processes involved in the neovascularization and progression of tumors. Conclusions CD40 activation represents an exciting target for hematological malignancies and solid tumors expressing the molecule, but its functional role in cancer development still remains unclear and controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Division of Medical Oncology B, National Cancer Institute G Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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Zhu S, Wan L, Yang H, Cheng J, Lu X. Cloning and high level expression of the biologically active extracellular domain of Macaca mulatta CD40 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 119:19-26. [PMID: 26586612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The CD40-mediated immune response contributes to a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. CD40 antagonists have potential as novel therapies for immune disorders. However, the CD40 pathway has not been well characterized in the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta, which is a valuable animal model for human immune disease. An 834 bp transcript was cloned from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rhesus monkey using specific primers designed according to the predicted sequence of M. mulatta CD40 (mmCD40) in GenBank. Sequence analysis demonstrated that mmCD40 is highly homologous to human CD40 (hCD40), with an amino acid sequence identity of 94%. Genes encoding the extracellular domain of mmCD40 and the Fc fragment of the hIgG1 were inserted into a pPIC9K plasmid to produce mmCD40Ig by Pichia pastoris. Approximately 15-20 mg of the mmCD40Ig protein with ∼90% purity could be recovered from 1 L of culture. The purified mmCD40Ig protein can form dimers and can specifically bind CD40L-positive cells. Additionally, the mmCD40Ig protein can bind hCD40L protein in phosphate buffered saline and form a stable combination in a size-exclusion chromatography assay using a Superdex 200 column. Moreover, mmCD40Ig is as efficient as M. mulatta CTLA4Ig (mmCTLA4Ig) to suppress Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, mmCD40Ig only showed mild immunosuppressive activity in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) system. These results suggest that mmCD40Ig secreted by P. pastoris was productive and functional, and it could be used as a tool for pathogenesis and therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases in a M. mulatta model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Zhu
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Derosa G, Mugellini A, Pesce RM, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. A study about the relevance of adding acetylsalicylic acid in primary prevention in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects on some new emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:95. [PMID: 26223257 PMCID: PMC4518654 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relevance of adding acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in primary prevention in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS 213 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were randomized to amlodipine 5 mg, or amlodipine 5 mg + ASA 100 mg for 3 months (Phase A); then, if adequate blood pressure control was reached patients terminated the study; otherwise, amlodipine was up-titrated to 10 mg/day for further 3 months and compared to amlodipine 10 mg + ASA 100 mg (Phase B). We assessed at baseline, at the end of Phase A, and at the end of Phase B the levels of some new emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular risk including: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), adiponectin (ADN), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), soluble CD40 ligand (sCDL40). RESULTS Compared to baseline, at the end of Phase A, patients treated with amlodipine 5 mg + ASA 100 mg showed a statistically significant reduction of Hs-CRP (-15.0%), TNF-α (-21.7%), MPO (-9.7%), and sCDL40 (-15.7%), and a statistically significant increase of ADN (+15.0%). These values were significantly better than the ones obtained with amlodipine alone. Similarly, at the end of Phase B, amlodipine 10 mg + ASA significantly lowered Hs-CRP (-18.8%), TNF-α (-15.0%), MPO (-9.2%), and sCDL40 (-20.0%) and increased ADN (+11.8%), with a better effect compared to amlodipine alone. CONCLUSION All biomarkers considered were significantly improved by ASA addition. These data suggest that the use of ASA in primary prevention could be useful in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02064218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Mugellini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rosa M Pesce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Enalapril/lercanidipine combination on markers of cardiovascular risk: a randomized study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:422-8. [PMID: 24836352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.03.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate enalapril/lercanidipine combination effects on markers of cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients. A total of 359 patients were randomized to enalapril 20 mg, lercanidipine 10 mg, or enalapril/lercanidipine 20/10 mg fixed combination. We evaluated blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40 L), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We recorded a decrease of BP in all groups, with the enalapril/lercanidipine combination being more effective in reducing BP compared with single monotherapies. Lipid profile or FPG were not affected by various treatments. Lercanidipine, but not enalapril, improved Lp(a) levels compared with baseline, with enalapril/lercanidipine having a greater effect on Lp(a) reduction. All treatments increased sRAGE levels, and decreased sCD40 L and MPO, even if enalapril/lercanidipine combination was more effective than single monotherapies. TNF-α and Hs-CRP were greater reduced by enalapril/lercanidipine combination compared with enalapril (P < .05 for both). The enalapril/lercanidipine fixed combination was more effective than single monotherapies in decreasing BP, but also in improving markers of cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients.
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Bergamini A, Chimenti MS, Baffari E, Guarino MD, Gigliucci G, Perricone C, Perricone R. Downregulation of immunoglobulin-like transcript-4 (ILT4) in patients with psoriatic arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92018. [PMID: 24676037 PMCID: PMC3967997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunoglobulin-like transcript-4 (ILT4) is an inhibitory receptor that modulates the activity of innate immune agents. We determined the expression of ILT4 and analysed the relationship with the expression of costimulatory proteins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in monocytes from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) starting anti-TNF treatment. METHODS Peripheral blood monocytes from 15 healthy controls and from 16 patients with PsA were activated in vitro by CD40 ligand (CD40L) and analyzed for ILT4, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression, and spontaneous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production by flow cytometry, before and after treatment with adalimumab. RESULTS The percentage of ILT4-negative monocytes was greater in PsA patients compared to controls and negatively correlated with DAS44. Normal monocytes treated with sera of PsA patients showed a reduced expression of ILT4 compared with monocytes exposed to sera from controls. CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression was higher in patients compared to controls. Both spontaneous and LPS-induced TNF-α production was restricted to ILT4-negative monocytes and was greater in PsA patients compared to controls. Finally, twelve weeks-treatment with adalimumab resulted in a significant increase of ILT4 expression and a decrease of costimulatory molecules expression in PsA patients, compared to pre-therapy levels. CONCLUSIONS These data support the possibility that changes in the immunophenotype of monocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of PSA. Thus, modulation of the expression of ILT4 may represent an enticing new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bergamini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Baffari
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Guarino
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gigliucci
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Derosa G, Bonaventura A, Romano D, Bianchi L, Fogari E, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Effects of enalapril/lercanidipine combination on some emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:277-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
- Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - A. Bonaventura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - D. Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - L. Bianchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - E. Fogari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - A. D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - P. Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
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Smith KA. Toward a Molecular Understanding of Adaptive Immunity: A Chronology, Part III. Front Immunol 2014; 5:29. [PMID: 24550914 PMCID: PMC3912840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Early reports on T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling uncovered a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration and the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinase as necessary for T cell activation. Cytolytic T cell clones were instrumental in the discovery of intracellular cytolytic granules, and the isolation of the perforin and granzyme molecules as the molecular effectors of cell-mediated lysis of target cells via apoptosis. Cytolytic T cell clones and TCR cDNA clones were also instrumental for the generation of TCR transgenic animals, which provided definitive evidence for negative selection of self-reactive immature thymocytes. In addition, studies of TCR complex signaling of immature thymocytes compared with mature T cells were consistent with the interpretation that negative selection occurs as a consequence of the incapacity of immature cells to produce IL-2, resulting in cytokine deprivation apoptosis. By comparison, taking advantage of cloned TCRs derived from T cell clones reactive with male-specific molecules, using TCR transgenic mice it was possible to document positive selection of female thymocytes when the male-specific molecules were absent. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms of T cell "help" for the generation of antibody-forming cells following the path opened by the elucidation of the IL-2 molecule, several groups were successful in the identification, isolation, and characterization of three new interleukin molecules (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6) that promote the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. In addition, the identification of a B cell surface molecule (CD40) that augmented B cell antigen receptor-stimulated proliferation and differentiation led to the discovery of a T cell activation surface molecule that proved to be the CD40-ligand, thus finally providing a molecular explanation for "linked or cognate" recognition when T cells and B cells interact physically. Accordingly, the decade after the generation of the first T cell clones saw the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of T cell cytotoxicity and T cell help, thereby expanding the number of molecules responsible for adaptive T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Fu CP, Sheu WHH, Lee IT, Tsai IC, Lee WJ, Liang KW, Lee WL, Lin SY. Effects of weight loss on epicardial adipose tissue thickness and its relationship between serum soluble CD40 ligand levels in obese men. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 421:98-103. [PMID: 23499571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) induces activated inflammatory cells secreting cytokines, including soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). In turn, the serum sCD40L can trigger inflammatory responses. We examined the reduction of EAT in response to weight loss (WL) and its relationship with alterations in sCD40L in obese men. METHODS We prospectively provided dietary education and exercise intervention for 3 months for 32 non-diabetic obese men with metabolic syndrome. Twenty-five age-matched healthy men served as controls. Circulating sCD40L was measured, and EAT thickness (EATt) was determined by magnetic resonance imaging before and after WL. RESULTS EATt was increased in the obese individuals, but there were no significant differences in baseline serum sCD40L levels between the 2 groups. Serum concentrations of sCD40L were higher in individuals with high right atrioventricular groove (RAVG)-EATt. EATt was reduced significantly in individuals who completed the weight-loss program. In addition, a positive correlation was shown between changes in sCD40L and RAVG-EATt. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the change in sCD40L to be independently associated with the change in RAVG-EATt. CONCLUSION WL can significantly reduce epicardial fat thickness, and the reduced EATt after WL may provide a beneficial reduction in circulating levels of sCD40L in obese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Martinez-Martinez L, Gonzalez-Santesteban C, Badell I, de la Calle-Martin O. The polymorphism p.G219R of CD40L does not cause immunological alterations in vivo: Conclusions from a X-linked hyper IgM syndrome kindred. Mol Immunol 2012; 52:237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Mugellini A, Pesce RM, Fogari E, Maffioli P. Evaluation of emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk stratification of hypertensive patients: a 2-year study. Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28:1435-45. [PMID: 22852869 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.717527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if there is a correlation between some new emerging biomarkers, such as lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), apo(a) isoform phenotyping, soluble advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cardiovascular risk stratification. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three hundred patients were enrolled in this open-label, case-control design trial: 156 hypertensive patients and 144 healthy subjects as control group. Hypertensive patients were treated according to the latest ESH/ESC guidelines, until the desirable goal of systolic blood pressure (SBP)<140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)<90 mmHg was reached. We evaluated at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months: SBP, DBP, lipid profile, Lp(a), apo(a) isoform phenotyping, sRAGE, sCD40L, and MPO. RESULTS Hypertensive patients presented higher levels of blood pressure, Lp(a), sCD40L, and MPO and lower levels of sRAGE compared with controls. We observed a decrease of blood pressure, Lp(a), sCD40L, and MPO and an increase of sRAGE after anti-hypertensive treatment. Moreover we observed moderate, but statistically significant, correlations between blood pressure decrease and Lp(a), MPO, and sCD40L decrease and between blood pressure decrease and sRAGE increase. There was also a modest, positive correlation between low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms and hypertension. A limitation of this study is that we cannot exclude a role for lifestyle measures. Furthermore the studied markers seem to improve with blood pressure lowering treatment, but we do not have enough statistical power to definitely state which drug used has a specific action on the various variables measured. CONCLUSION Lp(a), sRAGE, MPO, sCD40L, and low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms are associated with hypertension and may represent an increased cardiovascular risk. Longer studies are needed to see if these parameters can be also used to predict specific complications linked to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Nguyen VA, Dubrac S, Forstner M, Huter O, Del Frari B, Romani N, Ebner S. CD34+ -derived Langerhans cell-like cells are different from epidermal Langerhans cells in their response to thymic stromal lymphopoietin. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1847-56. [PMID: 21054781 PMCID: PMC3918041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) endows human blood-derived CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) obtained from human epidermis with the capacity to induce pro-allergic T cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of TSLP on umbilical cord blood CD34+-derived LC-like cells. These cells are often used as model cells for LCs obtained from epidermis. Under the influence of TSLP, both cell types differed in several ways. As defined by CD83, CD80 and CD86, TSLP did not increase maturation of LC-like cells when compared with freshly isolated LCs and epidermal émigrés. Differences were also found in the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)17. LCs made this chemokine only when primed by TSLP and further stimulated by CD40 ligation. In contrast, LC-like cells released CCL17 in response to CD40 ligation, irrespective of a prior treatment with TSLP. Moreover, the CCL17 levels secreted by LC-like cells were at least five times higher than those from migratory LCs. After maturation with a cytokine cocktail consisting of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 LC-like cells released IL-12p70 in response to CD40 ligation. Most importantly and in contrast to LC, TSLP-treated LC-like cells did not induce a pro-allergic cytokine pattern in helper T cells. Due to their different cytokine secretion and the different cytokine production they induce in naïve T cells, we conclude that one has to be cautious to take LC-like cells as a paradigm for ‘real’ LCs from the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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CD154: an immunoinflammatory mediator in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:490148. [PMID: 22110533 PMCID: PMC3202102 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are two major chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with significant prevalence rates among the population. Although the etiology of these diseases remains unresolved, several evidences support the key role of CD154/CD40 interactions in initiating and/or propagating these diseases. The discovery of new receptors (αIIbβ3, α5β1, and αMβ2) for CD154 has expanded our understanding about the precise role of this critical immune mediator in the physiopathology of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases in general, and in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in particular. This paper presents an overview of the interaction of CD154 with its various receptors and outlines its role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, the potential usefulness of various CD154-interfering agents in the treatment and prevention of these diseases is also discussed.
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Abstract
The CD40-CD40L system is a pathway which is associated with both prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects. CD40 and its ligand were first discovered on the surface of activated T cells, but its presence on B cells, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, and finally platelets, is evident. The soluble form of CD40L (sCD40L) is derived mainly from activated platelets and contributes to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Indeed, sCD40L has autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities, and it enhances platelet activation, aggregation, and platelet-leucocyte conjugation that may lead to atherothrombosis. It has even been suggested that sCD40L may play a pathogenic role in triggering acute coronary syndromes. Conversely, blockade of this pathway with anti-CD40L antibodies may prevent or delay the progression of atherosclerosis. Concentrations of sCD40L also predict risk of future cardiovascular disease in healthy women and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, there are controversial and uncertain points over the application of this biomarker to clinical cardiology. In this review, we provide an overview of potential implications of CD40-CD40L signalling and sCD40L as a biomarker in patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Pamukcu
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences , City Hospital, Birmingham, England UK
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Human CD14hi monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells provide a cell contact-dependent costimulatory signal for early CD40 ligand expression. Blood 2010; 117:1585-94. [PMID: 20634374 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40L on CD4(+) T cells plays a vital role in the activation of antigen-presenting cells, thus catalyzing a positive feedback loop for T-cell activation. Despite the pivotal juxtaposition of CD40L between antigen-presenting cells and T-cell activation, only a T-cell receptor stimulus is thought to be required for early CD40L surface expression. We show, for the first time, that CD40L expression on peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells is highly dependent on a cell-cell interaction with CD14(hi)CD16(-) monocytes. Interactions with ICAM-1, LFA-3, and to a lesser extent CD80/CD86 contribute to this enhancement of CD40L expression but are not themselves sufficient. The contact-mediated increase in CD40L expression is dependent on new mRNA and protein synthesis. Circulating myeloid dendritic cells also possess this costimulatory activity. By contrast, CD14(lo)CD16(+) monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B-cell lymphoma lines, and resting, activated, and Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized primary B cells all lack the capacity to up-regulate early CD40L. The latter indicates that a human B cell cannot activate its cognate T cell to deliver CD40L-mediated help. This finding has functional implications for the role of biphasic CD40L expression, suggesting that the early phase is associated with antigen-presenting cell activation, whereas the late phase is related to B-cell activation.
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El Fakhry Y, Alturaihi H, Diallo D, Merhi Y, Mourad W. Critical role of lipid rafts in CD154-mediated T cell signaling. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:770-9. [PMID: 20039299 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although signal pathways triggered via the CD40 molecule are well characterized, those induced via CD154 are less known. This study demonstrates that engagement of CD154 in Jurkat D1.1 cells with soluble CD40 leads to PKC alpha and delta activation, calcium mobilization, and phosphorylation of the Map kinases ERK1/2 and p38. Such response is accompanied by significant recruitment of CD154 into lipid rafts. Disruption of lipid rafts integrity with nystatin or methyl beta-cyclodextrin abrogated PKCalpha PKCdelta and p38 phosphorylation, but had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKC activation completely abolished p38 phosphorylation but had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that localization of CD154 within lipid rafts is an absolute requirement for CD154-induced PKCalpha- and PKCdelta-dependent p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, CD154 acts as co-stimulator for the production of IL-2 in an APC-superantigen-T-cell activation model. The results obtained demonstrate for the first time, that lipid rafts are of immunological relevance for CD154-triggered signals, and reinforce the importance of CD154 in T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Fakhry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Saint Luc, Montréal, Que., Canada H2X 1P1
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Tuettenberg A, Fondel S, Steinbrink K, Enk AH, Jonuleit H. CD40 signalling induces IL-10-producing, tolerogenic dendritic cells. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:44-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gong YF, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. CD154-CD40 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent antibody production in zebrafish: insights into the origin of costimulatory pathway in helper T cell-regulated adaptive immunity in early vertebrates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7749-62. [PMID: 19494299 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The CD154-CD40-mediated costimulatory pathway is critical for T-B cell cooperation in thymus-dependent (TD) immune response in mammals. However, little is known about its existence and occurrence in lower vertebrates. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of CD154 and CD40 homologs from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish CD154 is a type II membrane-bound protein with a TNF homology domain in its extracellular C-terminal region, whose tertiary structure is a sandwich containing two stacked sheets with "jelly roll" topology, just as the human TNF members do. The zebrafish CD40 is a type I membrane-bound protein with a sequence pattern of four cysteine-rich domains in its extracellular N-terminal region. The consensus TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)2- and TRAF6-binding motifs in mammalian CD40 are found in the cytoplasmic tail of zebrafish CD40, which indicates similar signal transduction mechanisms to higher vertebrates. Zebrafish CD154 and CD40 are widely distributed and can be up-regulated by thymus-dependent Ag. The production of IgM was dramatically decreased by anti-CD154 or soluble CD40, and it was enhanced by soluble CD154 or CD154-encoding plasmid in vivo. Thymus-dependent Ag-induced CD154 expression was inhibited by cyclosporin A, suggesting that CD154 functionally associates with T cells. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that CD40 and membrane IgM colocalized in B cells. CD154-CD40 binding assays showed that CD154 specifically binds to CD40 at homodimeric form. Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of the functional CD154-CD40-mediated costimulatory pathway and helper T cell regulatory mechanism underlying adaptive immunity in a fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Almerighi C, Sinistro A, Cavazza A, Ciaprini C, Rocchi G, Bergamini A. 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits CD40L-induced pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in human monocytes. Cytokine 2009; 45:190-7. [PMID: 19186073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) stimulation induces proinflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in monocytes. Here, we report on the effects of the steroid hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) on human blood monocytes that have been stimulated with the CD40L ligand. Co-treatment of CD40L-stimulated monocytes with 1,25D3 resulted in reduced production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, as well as in reduced expression of the surface co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. In addition, costimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by monocytes co-treated with CD40L and 1,25D3 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and diminished interferon (IFN)-gamma but enhanced IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells. Finally, 1,25D3 interfered with the ability of CD40L to rescue monocytes from apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal. These findings suggest that 1,25D3 may regulate the interaction of monocytes with T cells or other cell types that express CD40L, thus influencing the outcome of the immune or inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Almerighi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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27
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Downregulation of CD40 ligand response in monocytes from sepsis patients. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1851-8. [PMID: 18945879 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00184-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a defective adaptive immune response contributes to septic immunosuppression. Here, the response of monocytes to CD40 ligand (CD40L) for patients with sepsis due to infection with gram-negative organisms has been analyzed. Compared to cells from controls, monocytes from septic patients showed significantly reduced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-12 and were unable to acquire high levels of CD80 and CD86 molecules. These alterations were observed at the onset of sepsis and persisted at day 7. However, the ability of monocytes to respond to CD40L stimulation was partially but significantly restored in cells from patients who recovered from sepsis. In addition, costimulation of autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes by CD40L-activated monocytes from septic patients failed to induce cell proliferation and gamma interferon production. Finally, the ability of CD40L to rescue monocytes from apoptosis was severely impaired. We conclude that downregulation of the CD40L response may be an appropriate model for the monocyte alteration observed during septic immunosuppression and may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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28
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Ameratunga R, Woon ST, Koopmans W, French J. Cellular and molecular characterisation of the hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome associated with congenital rubella infection. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:99-106. [PMID: 18663564 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIM) is a rare group of immune deficiency disorders characterised by normal or increased serum IgM with normal or reduced IgG, IgA and IgE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have undertaken detailed cellular and molecular studies in a 53-year-old man with HIM as a result of congenital rubella. RESULTS No mutations were detected in the CD40 ligand, activation-induced cytidine deaminase and uracil DNA glycosylase. His T-cell responses to lectins and antigens were normal. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of CD40 ligand on activated T cells. Most CD40-dependent functions that were tested, including B-cell proliferation, isotype switching and production of memory B cells, were normal. CD40/IL4 dependent rescue from anti-IgM-induced apoptosis was impaired. CONCLUSION The detection of cell-surface IgG but lack of serum IgG indicated that he may have an antibody secretion defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Virology & Immunology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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29
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Bachy V, Williams D, Ibrahim M. Altered dendritic cell function in normal pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2008; 78:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Activity of different vaccine-associated promoter elements in human dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2008; 115:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Erez O, Romero R, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Chaiworapongsa T, Kusanovic JP, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Than NG, Vaisbuch E, Kim CJ, Espinoza J, Mittal P, Hamill N, Nhan-Chang CL, Mazor M, Hassan S. Premature labor: a state of platelet activation? J Perinat Med 2008; 36:377-87. [PMID: 18958919 PMCID: PMC3163447 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2008.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine whether premature labor is associated with changes in the maternal plasma concentration of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), a marker of platelet activation. METHODS A cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: 1) non-pregnant (n=21); 2) normal pregnancy (n=71); 3) normal pregnancy at term with (n=67) and without labor (n=88); 4) preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes (n=136) that was divided into the following sub-groups: 4a) PTL who delivered at term (n=49); 4b) PTL without intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation (IAI) who delivered preterm (n=54); and 4c) PTL with IAI who delivered preterm (n=33). sCD40L concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The median maternal plasma sCD40L concentration was higher in pregnant than non-pregnant women (P=0.017). Patients with PTL had a higher median maternal plasma sCD40L concentration than women with normal pregnancies, regardless of the presence or absence of IAI and gestational age at delivery (P<0.001 for all comparisons). IAI was not associated with a higher median maternal plasma concentration of sCD40L. CONCLUSIONS Normal pregnancy is a state in which there is a physiologic increase of sCD40L. PTL was associated with an increased median maternal plasma sCD40L concentration that could not be accounted for by IAI. Thus, our findings suggest that platelet activation occurs during an episode of preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States, 60153
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States, 60153
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892,Departments of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States, 20892,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Neil Hamill
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
| | - Moshe Mazor
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sonia Hassan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 48201
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32
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Esendagli G, Gunel-Ozcan A, Canpinar H, Guc D. Molecular and functional analysis of a novel recombinant clone of rat (Rattus norvegicus) CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 36:83-9. [PMID: 17922253 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic material obtained from various individuals may contain certain polymorphisms which may conflict with the predetermined DNA sequence and consequently, may modulate the function of gene products. In this study, coding sequence of rat CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) was obtained from activated splenocytes, amplified, and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector by using directional cloning method. Sequence of the recombinant rat CD40L DNA, pCD40L-IRES2-EGFP (pCD40L), was compared with the previously reported rat CD40L cDNA sequences and a 99% identity was found. Differing nucleotides were on the positions; 122-T/C, 341-G/A, 476-G/A, 762-T/A. Further alignment analysis showed that pCD40L was collectively carrying the nucleotides each previously reported by different groups. The sequence was submitted to NCBI GenBank and nucleotide database accession number EF066490 was obtained. Following transfection of the construct into NIH/3T3 cell line, novel CD40L clone was functionally expressed de novo, increasing the expression of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules and augmenting the proliferation rate of effector splenocytes in immune reactions ex vivo. Based on these data, here we report a novel recombinant clone of the rat CD40L gene which may represent a potential polymorphic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey,
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33
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Tilg H, Moschen A, Kaser A. Mode of function of biological anti-TNF agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1051-9. [PMID: 17665993 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.7.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha has been identified as a major mediator in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Anti-TNF agents, either as a neutralising antibody or a soluble TNF receptor, have markedly influenced the clinical management of several chronic inflammatory disorders. Whereas it seems likely that neutralisation of soluble and membrane-bound TNF might be a key mechanism of any anti-TNF agent, the potential of the anti-TNF antibody infliximab to induce lymphocyte/monocyte apoptosis in Crohn's disease has been considered an additional important mechanism. Other potential mode of actions include induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 or TGF-beta via retrograde signalling or induction of a certain subset of regulatory T cells. Certolizumab, a pegylated fully human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody also effective in Crohn's disease, lacks the capacity to induce apoptosis. Therefore, the capacity to induce apoptosis and neutralisation of TNF alone are insufficient to explain clinical efficacy of anti-TNF agents in human inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Innsbruck, Austria.
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34
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Sinistro A, Ciaprini C, Natoli S, Sussarello E, Carducci FC, Almerighi C, Capozzi M, Bolacchi F, Rocchi G, Bergamini A. Lipopolysaccharide desensitizes monocytes-macrophages to CD40 ligand stimulation. Immunology 2007; 122:362-70. [PMID: 17608691 PMCID: PMC2266011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis induces the suppression of macrophage function as determined by a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon re-exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Here, we examined whether macrophages were refractory to only LPS or if they were unable to respond to other stimuli such as CD40 ligand (CD40L). Monocytic cells exposed in vitro to LPS showed a dose-dependent reduction of their ability to produce interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha upon subsequent CD40L stimulation, as compared to cells stimulated with CD40L alone. Similarly, LPS interfered with the up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86 induced by CD40L in monocytic cells. The effect of LPS on the response of monocytes to CD40L was similar whether these cells were directly exposed to LPS or cocultured with LPS-pretreated cells, indicating that soluble factors released by LPS stimulation could mediate tolerance to CD40L. We also show that the functional alterations induced by LPS in monocytes can be reversed by indomethacin, thus suggesting a role for inducible cyclooxygenase in mediating the LPS-induced hyporesponsive state of monocytes to CD40L. In conclusion, we propose that in vitro CD40L tolerance may be an appropriate model of monocyte alteration observed during septic immunosuppression and may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sinistro
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, Chair of Infectious Diseases, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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36
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Ebner S, Nguyen VA, Forstner M, Wang YH, Wolfram D, Liu YJ, Romani N. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin converts human epidermal Langerhans cells into antigen-presenting cells that induce proallergic T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:982-90. [PMID: 17320941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) endows human CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) from peripheral blood with the capacity to induce proallergic T cells. TSLP is present at high levels in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis where it appears to trigger emigration of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs); however, nothing else is known about the influence of TSLP on LCs. OBJECTIVE Effects of TSLP on human epidermal LCs were investigated. METHODS LCs were isolated by trypsinization from healthy human skin, highly enriched by immunomagnetic techniques (via CD1a) and cultured for 2 days. Additionally, migratory LCs were obtained by emigration from epidermal sheets for 3 days. RESULTS The addition of TSLP promoted survival and maturation of LCs obtained by trypsinization, as indicated by their increased expression of CD83, CD86, and high levels of MHC II. TSLP markedly increased numbers of migratory LCs. Allogeneic naïve CD4(+) T cells, cocultured with migratory TSLP-LCs produced less IFN-gamma and IL-10 and more IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-alpha. Finally, TSLP-LCs secreted markedly more of the T(H)2 T-cell-attracting chemokine CCL17/thymus and activation-regulated chemokine. CONCLUSION These cytokine patterns correspond to those described for TSLP-treated blood DCs. They highlight a direct effect of TSLP on epidermal LCs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Our data emphasize a critical role for LCs in the triggering of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, they underscore the interest in TSLP as a potential therapeutic target in atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ebner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Kompetenzzentrum Medizin Tirol, Innsbruck, Austria
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37
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Bajorath J, Seyama K, Nonoyama S, Ochs HD, Aruffo A. Classification of mutations in the human CD40 ligand, gp39, that are associated with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. Protein Sci 2006; 5:531-4. [PMID: 16509032 PMCID: PMC2143372 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the T cell activation antigen gp39 and CD40, its receptor CD40 on B cells, plays a critical role in the regulation of humoral immune responses. Using a detailed three-dimensional model of the gp39 extracellular region, we have analyzed 20 mutations in gp39 that were, with one exception, isolated from patients with X-linked hyper IgM (XHIM) syndrome. On the basis of this analysis, the mutations were classified according to their predicted locations and effects. Twelve mutations are thought to compromise the gp39 structure by affecting interactions in hydrophobic core regions or at monomer interfaces, whereas seven others map closely to gp39 residues important for interaction with CD40. The latter mutations may thus, directly or indirectly, interfere with CD40 binding. One naturally occurring mutant whose carrier displays normal immune responses maps to a solvent-exposed position in a loop region of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bajorath
- Bristol-Meyers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA.
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38
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Rozis G, de Silva S, Benlahrech A, Papagatsias T, Harris J, Gotch F, Dickson G, Patterson S. Langerhans cells are more efficiently transduced than dermal dendritic cells by adenovirus vectors expressing either group C or group B fibre protein: implications for mucosal vaccines. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:2617-26. [PMID: 16114109 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against viruses need to target dendritic cells (DC) and stimulate mucosal immunity. Most vaccine studies have focussed on monocyte-derived or dermal DC (dDC) but recent evidence suggests that Langerhans cells (LC) may stimulate mucosal immunity more effectively. New chimeric adenovirus vectors expressing fibre protein from group B adenoviruses (rAd5/11), which utilise CD46 rather than the Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR), have been developed as vaccines to improve transduction and overcome problems of pre-existing vector immunity. Transduction of LC and dDC by rAd5/11 and standard rAd5 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that both DC types were more efficiently transduced by rAd5/11 than by rAd5. Although expression of CD46 and the integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, which recognise the adenovirus penton base and mediate virus internalisation, was similar in LC and dDC, LC expressed higher levels of GFP. Transduction by electroporation of plasmid also resulted in higher GFP expression in LC, suggesting differences between the two DC populations at a post-entry stage. Transduction with either vector did not induce maturation of LC or dDC and did not affect their ability to stimulate T cells. These findings suggest that vaccine strategies that target LC with adenovirus vectors may be worthy of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rozis
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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39
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Frentsch M, Arbach O, Kirchhoff D, Moewes B, Worm M, Rothe M, Scheffold A, Thiel A. Direct access to CD4+ T cells specific for defined antigens according to CD154 expression. Nat Med 2005; 11:1118-24. [PMID: 16186818 DOI: 10.1038/nm1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The direct assessment of T helper (T(H))-cell responses specific for antigens is essential to evaluate pathogenic and protective immunity. Presently, analysis and isolation of antigen-specific T(H) cells is restricted to cells that produce cytokines, or can be performed only with a rare selection of specific peptide major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) multimers. Here we report a new method that enables the assessment and isolation of T(H) cells specific for a defined antigen according to CD154 expression induced after stimulation in vitro. We show that antigen-induced CD154 expression is highly sensitive and specific for human and mouse antigen-specific T(H) cells. Moreover, the isolation of antigen-specific CD154(+) T(H) cells necessitates only surface staining with antibodies, thereby enabling the fast generation of antigen-specific T(H) cell lines. Our approach allows assessment of T(H) cells with a defined specificity for the combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of T(H)-cell immunity as well as for the isolation of specific T(H) cells for targeted cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Frentsch
- Clinical Immunology Group, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Patterson S, Donaghy H, Amjadi P, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Kelleher P. Human BDCA-1-positive blood dendritic cells differentiate into phenotypically distinct immature and mature populations in the absence of exogenous maturational stimuli: differentiation failure in HIV infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:8200-9. [PMID: 15944329 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current immunological opinion holds that myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) precursors migrate from the blood to the tissues, where they differentiate into immature dermal- and Langerhans-type dendritic cells (DC). Tissue DC require appropriate signals from pathogens or inflammatory cytokines to mature and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissue. We show that purified blood mDC cultured in vitro with GM-CSF and IL-4, but in the absence of added exogenous maturation stimuli, rapidly differentiate into two maturational and phenotypically distinct populations. The major population resembles immature dermal DC, being positive for CD11b, CD1a, and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin. They express moderate levels of MHC class II and low levels of costimulatory molecules. The second population is CD11b(-/low) and lacks CD1a and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin but expresses high levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. Expression of CCR7 on the CD11b(-/low) population and absence on the CD11b(+) cells further supports the view that these cells are mature and immature, respectively. Differentiation into mature and immature populations was not blocked by polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS. Neither population labeled for Langerin, E-cadherin, or CCR6 molecules expressed by Langerhans cells. Stimulation of 48-h cultured DC with LPS, CD40L, or poly(I:C) caused little increase in MHC or costimulatory molecule expression in the CD11b(-/low) DC but caused up-regulated expression in the CD11b(+) cells. In HIV-infected individuals, there was a marked decrease in the viability of cultured blood mDC, a failure to differentiate into the two populations described for normal donors, and an impaired ability to stimulate T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Patterson
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Kandil H, Bachy V, Williams DJ, Helmi R, Gotch FM, Ibrahim MAA. Regulation of dendritic cell interleukin-12 secretion by tumour cell necrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:54-64. [PMID: 15762875 PMCID: PMC1809329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and regulation of antigen-specific immunity. Studies have shown that, similar to infection, cellular necrosis can stimulate DC maturation. However, the ability of necrotic cell death to modulate DC cytokine secretion has yet to be explored. We investigated the regulation of interleukin (IL)-12 secretion by human DCs in response to tumour cell necrosis in an in vitro culture model. Two human tumour cell lines (K562 and JAr) were induced to undergo necrosis using heat injury and repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Both types of tumour cells tested in this study, when injured, induced secretion of monomeric IL-12p40 by monocyte-derived DCs. Furthermore, priming DCs with necrotic cells augmented IL-12p70 secretion significantly in conjunction with CD40 cross-linking. This was physiologically relevant because cell death-pulsed DCs were more potent than non-pulsed DCs at stimulating T cells to proliferate and secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) played a role in mediating the DC response to heat-killed, but not freeze/thaw-killed necrotic cells. For both methods of injury, proteins contributed to the effect of necrosis on dendritic cells, whereas DNA was involved in the effect of freeze/thawed cells only. These findings indicate that necrotic tumour cell death is not sufficient to induce bioactive IL-12p70, the Th1 promoting cytokine, but acts to augment its secretion via the CD40/CD40L pathway. The results also highlight that the mode of cell death may determine the mechanism of dendritic cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kandil
- Department of Clinical Immunology, King's College Hospital, Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine, London, UK
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Otterdal K, Pedersen TM, Solum NO. Release of soluble CD40 ligand after platelet activation: studies on the solubilization phase. Thromb Res 2005; 114:167-77. [PMID: 15342213 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
sCD40L is released from platelets as a soluble, proteolyzed form of CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154) which is exposed on the surface after platelet activation. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), the CD40-blocking antibody G28-5, and GPIIb-IIIa antagonists are known to inhibit the solubilization when added prior to activation. It is assumed that the surface expression of CD40L is a result of a separate fast process and that the solubilization is secondary to this. The release of sCD40L in this solubilization phase has been studied; that is, inhibitory substances were added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 10 min after addition of the activation agonist (100 microM SFLLRN), at which time the secretion phase was over as tested with beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG). G28-5 (10 microg/ml) and EDTA (5 mM) inhibited the solubilization phase which did not require the presence of an activation agonist. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 20 microM) and cytochalasin D (C8273; 60 and 100 microM), which exert their effects intracellularly, inhibited the solubilization even in the presence of abciximab (ReoPro; 40 microg/ml). The intracellular effect was not related to CD40L-containing microparticles as demonstrated by ultracentrifugation. Intracellular alkalinization by preincubation of PRP with 20 mM NH4Cl for 60 min resulted in a small but reproducible reduction in the amount of extracellular sCD40L. SFLLRN induced solubilization of CD40L also from the platelets of a Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient lacking GPIIb-IIIa, albeit at a lower rate than from normal platelets, and fibrinogen enhanced the solubilization from washed normal platelets. The data show that the solubilization of CD40L not only depends on reactions on the platelet surface but also that intracellular structures are engaged even during the solubilization phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027, Norway.
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Erdos M, Durandy A, Maródi L. Genetically acquired class-switch recombination defects: the multi-faced hyper-IgM syndrome. Immunol Lett 2005; 97:1-6. [PMID: 15626470 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Erdos
- Department of Infectology and Pediatric Immunology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Lougaris V, Badolato R, Ferrari S, Plebani A. Hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome due to CD40 deficiency: clinical, molecular, and immunological features. Immunol Rev 2005; 203:48-66. [PMID: 15661021 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, which is expressed by a variety of cells including B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and other nonimmune cell types. CD40 activation is critical for B-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin (Ig)-isotype switching, and germinal center formation. In physiological conditions, the activation of CD40 occurs by binding to its natural ligand, CD154, which is expressed on activated T cells. The in vivo critical role of CD40-CD154 interaction on B-cell differentiation and isotype switching is provided by the discovery that mutations in either CD40 or CD154 gene cause the hyper IgM syndrome, termed HIGM3 or HIGM1, respectively, characterized by very low levels of serum IgG, IgA, and IgE, with normal or elevated IgM, associated with a defective germinal center formation. Originally considered humoral primary immunodeficiencies, the clinical features and the defect of T-cell priming, resulting from a defective T-B cell or dendritic cell interaction, is now considered as combined immunodeficiencies. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the clinical, genetic, and immunological features of patients with hyper IgM syndrome due to CD40 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Medicina Molecolare A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Müller H, Hofer S, Kaneider N, Neuwirt H, Mosheimer B, Mayer G, Konwalinka G, Heufler C, Tiefenthaler M. The immunomodulator FTY720 interferes with effector functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:533-45. [PMID: 15657952 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The potent immunomodulator FTY720 elicits immunosuppression via acting on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PR), thereby leading to an entrapment of lymphocytes in the secondary lymphoid tissue. To elucidate the potential in vitro effects of this drug on human monocyte-derived DC, we used low nanomolar therapeutic concentrations of FTY720 and phosphorylated FTY720 (FTY720-P) and investigated their influence on DC surface marker expression, protein levels of S1PR and DC effector functions: antigen uptake, chemotaxis, cytokine production, allostimulatory and Th-priming capacity. We report that both FTY720 and FTY720-P reduce chemotaxis of immature and mature DC. Mature DC generated in the presence of FTY720 or FTY720-P showed an impaired immunostimmulatory capacity and reduced IL-12 but increased IL-10 production. T cells cultured in the presence of FTY720- or FTY720-P-treated DC showed an altered cytokine production profile indicating a shift from Th1 toward Th2 differentiation. In treated immature and mature DC, expression levels for two S1PR proteins, S1P1 and S1P4, were reduced. We conclude that in vitro treatment with FTY720 affects DC features that are essential for serving their role as antigen-presenting cells. This might represent a new aspect of the overall immunosuppressive action of FTY720 and makes DC potential targets of further sphingolipid-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansgeorg Müller
- Department of Nephrology, Innsbruck Medical School, Innsbruck, Austria
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French LE, Huard B, Wysocka M, Shane R, Contassot E, Arrighi JF, Piguet V, Calderara S, Rook AH. Impaired CD40L signaling is a cause of defective IL-12 and TNF-α production in Sézary syndrome: circumvention by hexameric soluble CD40L. Blood 2005; 105:219-25. [PMID: 15315967 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SzS) is an advanced form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by peripheral blood involvement, impaired cell-mediated immunity, and T-helper 1 (TH1) cytokine production. To understand the mechanism of these defects, we studied the expression and function of CD40L in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with SzS. We found that PBMCs of patients with SzS have a defect in interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production upon anti-CD3 stimulation and that tumor CD4+ T lymphocytes have a specific defect in CD40L induction after anti-CD3 ligation in vitro. This defect may explain the poor IL-12 production, because IL-12 production by anti-CD3-stimulated PBMCs was dependent on CD40L in healthy donors. The observed defect in tumor cell CD40L expression appears to be due to inappropriate T-cell signaling upon CD3 ligation, because expression of other T-cell activation antigens such as CD25, and to a lesser extent CD69, are also impaired on tumor cells. Importantly however, the inability of SzS PBMCs to appropriately produce IL-12 and TNF-α could be restored by recombinant hexameric CD40L. Taken together, our results demonstrate that impaired IL-12 and TNF-α production in SzS is associated with defective CD4+ T lymphocyte CD40L induction and indicate that CD40L may have therapeutic potential in SzS. (Blood. 2005;105:219-225)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars E French
- Louis-Jeantet Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Medical School, Switzerland.
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Citores MJ, Rua-Figueroa I, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Durántez A, García-Laorden MI, Rodríguez-Lozano C, Rodríguez-Pérez JC, Vargas JA, Pérez-Aciego P. The dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3'UTR of the CD154 gene has a functional role on protein expression and is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:310-7. [PMID: 14962968 PMCID: PMC1754911 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the (CA)n dinucleotide repeat in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the CD154 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its functional role in protein expression. METHODS The allelic and genotypic distributions of the polymorphism were compared in 80 patients with SLE and 80 controls. A complete clinical and analytical database was recorded in each patient in order to correlate the clinical manifestations in SLE with different alleles. To investigate the functional role of the polymorphism, the CD154 protein expression on activated lymphocytes from healthy homozygous controls was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The 24 CA allele was the most represented in controls (p = 0.029), whereas the alleles containing >24 CA repeats were found in patients (p = 0.0043). Furthermore, when only homozygous women were considered, most controls carried two 24 CA alleles (p = 0.041), whereas most patients carried two alleles containing >24 CA repeats (p = 0.032). Also, patients carrying at least one 24 CA allele had less neurological involvement (p = 0.034), and carriers of at least one allele with fewer than 24 CA repeats presented more livedo reticularis (p = 0.006) and anti-Sm (p = 0.01) and anti-RNP (p = 0.038) autoantibodies. CD154 maximum expression in activated lymphocytes from all controls was reached after 54 hours, but it was more prolonged in controls carrying two alleles with >24 CA repeats (p = 0.0068). CONCLUSION The CD154 3'UTR microsatellite is associated with SLE, and the most represented alleles in patients were accompanied by a more prolonged protein expression in activated lymphocytes from controls.
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Tiefenthaler M, Hofer S, Ebner S, Ivarsson L, Neyer S, Herold M, Mayer G, Fritsch P, Heufler C. In vitro treatment of dendritic cells with tacrolimus: impaired T-cell activation and IP-10 expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19:553-60. [PMID: 14767008 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfg594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High doses (10(-6)-10(-8) M) of tacrolimus (FK506) were reported to induce a type-2 T-helper cell (Th2)-promoting function in developing dendritic cells (DC). We used a therapeutic dose (2.4 x 10(-9 )M) of tacrolimus to investigate its effect on human monocyte-derived DC. METHODS Using untreated and treated immature and mature DC we compared T cell-activating capacity, surface marker expression, T cell and DC cytokine profile and transcription of genes coding for a panel of DC function-related molecules. RESULTS Tacrolimus-treated mature DC had reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity. Although interleukin (IL)-12 production of DC was impaired, they did not promote Th2 development as T cells activated by tacrolimus-treated DC produced less interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10. The up-regulation of the T-cell activation marker CD69 and the production of IL-2 were impaired. In addition, tacrolimus-treated DC produced less IP-10 (CXCL10), which is known to be involved in allograft rejection. Other molecules related to DC function remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus treatment reduces the ability of DC to stimulate T cells and the impaired production of DC-derived IP-10 (CXCL10) and IL-12 might play a role in the immunosuppressive action of tacrolimus.
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Gilmour KC, Walshe D, Heath S, Monaghan G, Loughlin S, Lester T, Norbury G, Cale CM. Immunological and genetic analysis of 65 patients with a clinical suspicion of X linked hyper-IgM. Mol Pathol 2004; 56:256-62. [PMID: 14514918 PMCID: PMC1187335 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.5.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X linked hyper-IgM (XHIM) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the tumour necrosis factor superfamily 5 gene, TNFSF5, also known as the CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene. Patients often present with recurrent infections, and confirmation of a diagnosis of XHIM enables appropriate therapeutic interventions, including replacement immunoglobulin, antibiotics, and bone marrow transplantation. AIM To review and optimise the institution's diagnostic strategy for XHIM. METHOD Samples from 65 boys were referred to this centre for further investigation of suspected XHIM. The results, which included a flow cytometric whole blood assay for CD40L expression followed by mutation analysis in selected patients, were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty one patients failed to express CD40L and TNFSF5 mutations were found in 20 of these patients. In contrast, no TNFSF5 mutations were found in 16 patients with weak expression of CD40L. Interestingly, one quarter of patients with confirmed XHIM who had TNFSF5 mutations had low concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Most of the remaining patients with XHIM had the classic pattern of normal or raised IgM with low concentrations of IgA and IgG. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the usefulness of the whole blood staining method as a rapid screen to select patients for subsequent TNFSF5 mutation analysis, and shows the benefits of a unified protein/genetic diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Gilmour
- Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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Brueckmann M, Bertsch T, Lang S, Sueselbeck T, Wolpert C, Kaden JJ, Jaramillo C, Huhle G, Borggrefe M, Haase KK. Time course of systemic markers of inflammation in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 42:1132-9. [PMID: 15552272 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2004.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInflammation within coronary plaques may cause an acute coronary syndrome by promoting rupture and erosion. It was the aim of this study to examine whether markers of inflammation derive from a cardiac or extracardiac source and how their levels develop over time.Blood samples were taken from patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with proven atherosclerotic lesion(s) of the left coronary artery (n = 13) and from control patients without coronary artery disease (n = 13). Blood was taken from the femoral vein and the coronary sinus vein before and after coronary angioplasty (day 0) and on days 1 and 120.Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were higher in ACS patients as compared to controls and remained elevated up to day 120. In the long-term time course these markers of inflammation and plaque remodeling slightly decreased in ACS patients. There were no statistically significant differences detectable in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 β, IL-10, IL-1 ra, sCD40L and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the blood of ACS patients taken from a cardiac source as compared to an extracardiac source (coronary sinus vs. femoral vein).This study demonstrates the importance of a systemic inflammatory condition in patients with ACS, in whom markers of inflammation are increased as compared to controls. During long-term follow-up the pro-inflammatory activity remains elevated in ACS patients, supporting the concept of a systemic rather than a local vascular inflammation contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Brueckmann
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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