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Koutentaki E, Basta M, Antypa D, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Simos P, Vgontzas AN. IL-6 Enhances the Negative Impact of Cortisol on Cognition among Community-Dwelling Older People without Dementia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070951. [PMID: 37046878 PMCID: PMC10094120 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that high basal cortisol levels and systemic inflammation independently contribute to cognitive decline among older people without dementia. The present cross-sectional study examined (a) the potential synergistic effect of cortisol levels and systemic inflammation on executive function and (b) whether this effect is more prominent among older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sub-sample of 99 patients with MCI and 84 older people without cognitive impairment (CNI) (aged 73.8 ± 7.0 years) were recruited from a large population-based cohort in Crete, Greece, and underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation and a single morning measurement of cortisol and IL-6 plasma levels. Using moderated regression models, we found that the relation between cortisol and executive function in the total sample was moderated by IL-6 levels (b = −0.994, p = 0.044) and diagnostic group separately (b = −0.632, p < 0.001). Moreover, the interaction between cortisol and IL-6 levels was significant only among persons with MCI (b = −0.562, p < 0.001). The synergistic effect of stress hormones and systemic inflammation on cognitive status appears to be stronger among older people who already display signs of cognitive decline. Targeting hypercortisolemia and inflammation may be a promising strategy toward improving the course of cognitive decline.
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Arjmandi-Rad S, Ebrahimnejad M, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Do Sleep Disturbances have a Dual Effect on Alzheimer's Disease? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:711-727. [PMID: 35568778 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease have deleterious effects on various physiological and cognitive functions including synaptic plasticity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory. In addition, clock genes expression is significantly altered following sleep disturbances, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the role of sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and clock genes expression. Also, we aimed to find significant relationships between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease in the modulation of these mechanisms. We referred to the controversial effects of sleep disturbances (particularly those related to the duration of sleep deprivation) on the modulation of synaptic function and neuroinflammation. We aimed to know that, do sleep disturbances have a dual effect on the progression of Alzheimer's disease? Although numerous studies have discussed the association between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease, the new point of this study was to focus on the controversial effects of sleep disturbances on different biological functions, and to evaluate the potential dualistic role of sleep disturbances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, PO Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Kelly RS, Lee-Sarwar K, Chen YC, Laranjo N, Fichorova R, Chu SH, Prince N, Lasky-Su J, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Maternal Inflammatory Biomarkers during Pregnancy and Early Life Neurodevelopment in Offspring: Results from the VDAART Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315249. [PMID: 36499584 PMCID: PMC9739845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection and stress during the prenatal period have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, suggesting that biomarkers of increased inflammation in the mothers may associate with poorer developmental outcomes. In 491 mother-child pairs from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we investigated the association between maternal levels of two inflammatory biomarkers; interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) during early (10-18 wks) and late (32-38 wks) pregnancy with offspring scores in the five domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, a validated screening tool for assessing early life development. We identified a robust association between early pregnancy IL-8 levels and decreased fine-motor (β: -0.919, 95%CI: -1.425, -0.414, p = 3.9 × 10-4) and problem-solving skills at age two (β: -1.221, 95%CI: -1.904, -0.414, p = 4.9 × 10-4). Associations between IL-8 with other domains of development and those for CRP did not survive correction for multiple testing. Similarly, while there was some evidence that the detrimental effects of early pregnancy IL-8 were strongest in boys and in those who were not breastfed, these interactions were not robust to correction for multiple testing. However, further research is required to determine if other maternal inflammatory biomarkers associate with offspring neurodevelopment and work should continue to focus on the management of factors leading to increases in IL-8 levels in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Lee-Sarwar
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02467, USA
| | - Yih-Chieh Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02467, USA
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raina Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su H. Chu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Prince
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Immunity, Infection, and the Zebrafish Clock. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0058821. [PMID: 35972269 PMCID: PMC9476956 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00588-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are universally used to coordinate biological processes with the Earth's 24-h solar day and are critical for the health and environmental success of an organism. Circadian rhythms in eukaryotes are driven by a cell-intrinsic transcription-translation feedback loop that controls daily oscillations in gene expression which regulate diverse physiological functions. Substantial evidence now exists demonstrating that immune activation and inflammatory responses during infection are under circadian control, however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for this are not well understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate circadian biology and immune function. Zebrafish contain homologs of mammalian circadian clock genes which, to our current knowledge, function similarly to impart timekeeping ability. Consistent with studies in mammalian models, several studies in fish have now demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation: the circadian clock regulates immune activity, and inflammation can alter circadian rhythms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the zebrafish clock and the bi-directional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation in fish.
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Harding BN, Aguilar R, Espinosa A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Papantoniou K, Navarrete JM, Such Faro P, Torrejón A, Dobaño C, Moncunill G, Kogevinas M. Disruption of cellular immune response among male rotating night shift workers in Spain– The HORMONIT study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:776917. [PMID: 36119067 PMCID: PMC9478612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.776917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preliminary studies suggest that night shift work is associated with a desynchronization of rhythmic immune markers, possibly explaining the increased risk of infection, cardiometabolic disorders, and cancer in shift workers. Methods This study included 51 male rotating shift workers from a car industry in Barcelona, Spain, sampled twice toward the end of a 3-week night shift (22:00-06:00 h) and a 3-week day shift (06:00-14:00 h) rotation. We collected four blood samples per worker, at the start and end of each shift. We measured 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in plasma samples by luminex using the Cytokine Human Magnetic 30-Plex Panel LHC6003M and applied linear mixed models to examine within-person associations between shift work and analytes’ concentrations, comparing samples taken at 06:00 h on a day and night shift. We also conducted a factor analysis using analyte concentrations from all 4 time points for each individual to identify common factors and determine if these factors were altered by shift work. Results We observed lower levels of 15 analytes in the night shift compared to the day shift including cytokines (pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-2R; anti-inflammatory IL1-RA; Th1 IL-2, Th2 IL-4 and Th17 Il-17), chemokines (IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES) and growth factors (EGF, G-CSF, HGF, VEGF, FGF). In a factor analysis, three factors were identified. The main factor (Factor 1), explaining 57% of the variance and including IL-1β, IL-12, IL-15, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, EGF and FGF; and another factor (Factor 3) explaining 10% of the variance and including the Th1 cytokine IL-12, were inversely associated with the night shift (coefficient: -0.17, 95%CI -0.32 to -0.01 and coefficient: -0.22, 95%CI -0.38, -0.06, for Factors 1 and 3, respectively). Our results indicate that night shift disrupts the levels of several immune markers, which could contribute to the increased risk of infections and cancer reported in night shift workers. Conclusion Night shift is associated with disruption of multiple immune response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara N. Harding
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment, Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Barbara Harding,
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment, Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment, Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Maria Navarrete
- Health, Safety and Emergencies of SEAT, CUPRA and the Volkswagen Group Companies in Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Such Faro
- Health, Safety and Emergencies of SEAT, CUPRA and the Volkswagen Group Companies in Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Torrejón
- Health, Safety and Emergencies of SEAT, CUPRA and the Volkswagen Group Companies in Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment, Barcelona Institue of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Lananna BV, Musiek ES. The wrinkling of time: Aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the circadian clock in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104832. [PMID: 32179175 PMCID: PMC7727873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of research now implicates the circadian clock in the regulation of an array of diverse biological processes including glial function, metabolism, peripheral immune responses, and redox homeostasis. Sleep abnormalities and other forms of circadian disruption are common symptoms of aging and neurodegeneration. Circadian clock disruption may also influence the aging processes and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The specific mechanisms governing the interaction between circadian systems, aging, and the immune system are still being uncovered. Here, we review the evidence supporting a bidirectional relationship between aging and the circadian system. Further, we explore the hypothesis that age-related circadian deterioration may exacerbate multiple pathogenic processes, priming the brain for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V Lananna
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Dept. of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Rosenberg Y, Doniger T, Harii S, Sinniger F, Levy O. Demystifying Circalunar and Diel Rhythmicity in Acropora digitifera under Constant Dim Light. iScience 2019; 22:477-488. [PMID: 31835172 PMCID: PMC6926284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Life on earth has evolved under constant environmental changes; in response to these changes, most organisms have developed an endogenous clock that allows them to anticipate daily and seasonal changes and adapt their biology accordingly. Light cycles synchronize biological rhythms and are controlled by an endogenous clock that is entrained by environmental cues. Light is known to play a key role in the biology of symbiotic corals as they exhibit many biological processes entrained by daily light patterns. In this study, we aimed at determining the effect of constant dim light on coral's perception of diel and monthly cycles. Our results show that under constant dim light corals display a loss of rhythmic processes and constant stimuli by light, which initiates signal transduction that results in an abnormal cell cycle, cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. The results emphasize how constant dim light can mask the biological clock of Acropora digitifera. Light entrains many biological processes governed by the endogenous clock Constant dim light overrides the biological clock of A. digitifera corals Artificial light impacts the processes that allow corals to thrive in our oceans The increase of artificial light in coastal areas is a growing threat to coral reefs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Rosenberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Tirza Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Saki Harii
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Frederic Sinniger
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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8
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Effect of Time of Day of Infection on Chlamydia Infectivity and Pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11405. [PMID: 31388084 PMCID: PMC6684580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital chlamydia infection in women causes complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility, but it is unclear why some women are more susceptible than others. Possible factors, such as time of day of chlamydia infection on chlamydial pathogenesis has not been determined. We hypothesised that infections during the day, will cause increased complications compared to infections at night. Mice placed under normal 12:12 light: dark (LD) cycle were infected intravaginally with Chlamydia muridarum either at zeitgeber time 3, ZT3 and ZT15. Infectivity was monitored by periodic vaginal swabs and chlamydiae isolation. Blood and vaginal washes were collected for host immunologic response assessments. The reproductive tracts of the mice were examined histopathologically, and fertility was determined by embryo enumeration after mating. Mice infected at ZT3 shed significantly more C. muridarum than mice infected at ZT15. This correlated with the increased genital tract pathology observed in mice infected at ZT3. Mice infected at ZT3 were less fertile than mice infected at ZT15. The results suggest that the time of day of infection influences chlamydial pathogenesis, it indicates a possible association between complications from chlamydia infection and host circadian clock, which may lead to a better understanding of chlamydial pathogenesis.
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Depression caused by long-term stress regulates premature aging and is possibly associated with disruption of circadian rhythms in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Noroozi R, Omrani MD, Ayatollahi SA, Sayad A, Ata A, Fallah H, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Interleukin (IL)-8 polymorphisms contribute in suicide behavior. Cytokine 2018; 111:28-32. [PMID: 30099207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the role of immune dysregulation in suicide behavior. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a chemokine with neuroprotective effects whose lower serum concentrations have been detected in individuals committed suicide. In the present study, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within IL-8 gene (rs4073, rs2227306 and rs1126647) in 229 individuals who attempted suicide with soft suicide methods, 235 suicide victims and 290 individuals without any history of psychiatric disorders or suicide attempt. The T allele of rs4073 was significantly over-represented in suicide attempt group compared with both control and completed suicide groups (adjusted P values of 8.3E-7 and 9.8E-8 respectively). This SNP was associated with suicide attempt in both dominant and co-dominant models (P values of 6.2E-9 and 4.3 E-8 respectively). The genotype and allele frequencies of other SNPs were not significantly different among the three study groups. The T C A haplotype (rs4073, rs2227306 and rs1126647 respectively) were significantly less prevalent in completed suicide group compared with suicide attempt group (OR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.46-0.86), adjusted P value = 0.03). Besides, the A T A haplotype has significant lower frequency in individuals who attempted soft suicide compared with controls (OR (95% CI) = 0.44 (0.26-0.75), adjusted P value = 0.02). However, this haplotype was significantly more prevalent in individuals attempted hard methods compared with those attempted soft methods (OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (1.26-3.87), adjusted P value = 0.04). The present study provided further evidence for the role of IL-8 in suicide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Noroozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hamid Fallah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Petrowski K, Wichmann S, Kirschbaum C. Stress-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in panic disorder patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:31-37. [PMID: 29754003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attenuated responsivity of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal (HPA) axis upon challenge and an increased risk for cardiac events are relatively consistent findings in panic disorder (PD) patients. Due to cytokine-HPA interactions, an altered HPA-axis responsivity may be accompanied by altered cytokine concentrations. Immunological reactions under stress might be considered the missing link for explaining an increased cardiac risk. This study analyzed stress-induced cytokine levels in PD patients. METHODS A total of n = 32 PD patients and n = 32 healthy control individuals performed the Trier Social Test (TSST). Blood sample collection accompanied the TSST for the collection of cortisol and pro- (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Established self-report questionnaires were handed out for the clinical characterization and the assessment of subjective levels of distress during testing. Repeated measures ANCOVA were conducted to evaluate main effects of time or group and time x group interaction effects. Additional ANCOVAS with disease severity as between-subjects factor (healthy, borderline, mild, moderate, severe) took global panic severity into account. Pearson correlation analyses were carried out to test for an association of panic specific symptoms and peak cytokine release. RESULTS The TSST resulted in a significantly increased secretion of cortisol, IL-6 and IL-10. The data analysis further revealed a significant time x group interaction effect for cortisol and IL-10. Compared to the healthy volunteers, the PD patients showed significantly higher baseline and challenged IL-10 concentrations but lower challenged cortisol concentrations. Mildly and moderately affected patients showed the highest levels of IL-10 compared to the healthy individuals. There were no differential secretion patterns of IL-6 and TNF-α between both groups in the course of the TSST. The peak IL-6 release was found to be significantly associated with global disease severity. CONCLUSION We found evidence for altered levels of cytokines with primarily anti-inflammatory properties in PD patients under baseline and a psychosocial stress condition. The results provide tentative evidence for a low-grade inflammatory process in PD patients, possibly representing a missing link factor between PD diagnosis and the increased risk for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petrowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susann Wichmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Negherbon JP, Romero K, Williams DL, Guerrero-Preston RE, Hartung T, Scott AL, Breysse PN, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Whole Blood Cytokine Response to Local Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Peruvian Children With and Without Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28424616 PMCID: PMC5371665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate if acute phase immune responses of whole blood from Peruvian children with controlled and uncontrolled asthma differed from children without asthma, following exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (TRPM). TRPM, including particulate matter from diesel combustion, has been shown to stimulate acute airway inflammation in individuals with and without asthma. For this study, a whole blood assay (WBA) was used to test peripheral whole blood samples from 27 children with asthma, and 12 without asthma. Participant blood samples were stimulated, ex vivo, for 24-h with an aqueous extract of TRPM that was collected near study area highways in Lima, Peru. All participant blood samples were tested against the same TRPM extract, in addition to purified bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen-free water, which served as positive and negative WBA controls, respectively. The innate and adaptive cytokine responses were evaluated in cell-free supernatants of the whole blood incubations. Comparatively similar levels were recorded for nine out of the 10 cytokines measured [e.g., – Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10], regardless of study participant asthma status. However, IL-8 levels in TRPM-stimulated blood from children with uncontrolled asthma were diminished, compared to subjects without asthma (633 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01); IL-8 responses for subjects with controlled asthma were also reduced, but to a lesser degree (799 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.10). These relationships were present before, and after, adjusting for age, sex, obesity/overweight status, C-reactive protein levels, and residential proximity to the study area’s major roadway. For tests conducted with endotoxin, there were no discernible differences in cytokine response between groups, for all cytokines measured. The WBA testing conducted for this study highlighted the capacity of the TRPM extract to potently elicit the release of IL-8 from the human whole blood system. Although the small sample size of the study limits the capacity to draw definitive conclusions, the IL-8 responses suggest that that asthma control may be associated with the regulation of a key mediator in neutrophil chemotaxis, at a systemic level, following exposure to PM derived from traffic-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Negherbon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | | | - D'Ann L Williams
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Rafael E Guerrero-Preston
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Asociación Benéfica PrismaLima, Perú.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
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13
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Milrad SF, Hall DL, Jutagir DR, Lattie EG, Ironson GH, Wohlgemuth W, Nunez MV, Garcia L, Czaja SJ, Perdomo DM, Fletcher MA, Klimas N, Antoni MH. Poor sleep quality is associated with greater circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and severity and frequency of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) symptoms in women. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 303:43-50. [PMID: 28038892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor sleep quality has been linked to inflammatory processes and worse disease outcomes in the context of many chronic illnesses, but less is known in conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). This study examines the relationships between sleep quality, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and CFS/ME symptoms. METHODS Sixty women diagnosed with CFS/ME were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-based CFS/ME symptom questionnaires. Circulating plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Multiple regression analyses examined associations between sleep, cytokines and symptoms, controlling for age, education, and body mass index. RESULTS Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score) was associated with greater pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (β=0.258, p=0.043), IL-6 (β=0.281, p=0.033), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (β=0.263, p=0.044). Worse sleep quality related to greater fatigue severity (β=0.395, p=0.003) and fatigue-related interference with daily activities (β=0.464, p<0.001), and more severe and frequent CDC-defined core CFS/ME symptoms (β=0.499, p<0.001, and β=0.556, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of managing sleep-related difficulties in this patient population. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of sleep disruptions in CFS/ME and mechanistic factors linking sleep quality to symptom severity and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Milrad
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - Daniel L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Devika R Jutagir
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - Emily G Lattie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Dr. Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gail H Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - William Wohlgemuth
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Miami Veteran Affairs Hospital, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Maria Vera Nunez
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 8501 SW 124th Ave #111, Miami, FL 33183, USA
| | - Lina Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sara J Czaja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dolores M Perdomo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mary Ann Fletcher
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 8501 SW 124th Ave #111, Miami, FL 33183, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 8501 SW 124th Ave #111, Miami, FL 33183, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Miami, FL 33133, USA.
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14
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Pierre K, Schlesinger N, Androulakis IP. The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in modulating seasonal changes in immunity. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:719-738. [PMID: 27341833 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in environmental conditions are accompanied by significant adjustment of multiple biological processes. In temperate regions, the day fraction, or photoperiod, is a robust environmental cue that synchronizes seasonal variations in neuroendocrine and metabolic function. In this work, we propose a semimechanistic mathematical model that considers the influence of seasonal photoperiod changes as well as cellular and molecular adaptations to investigate the seasonality of immune function. Our model predicts that the circadian rhythms of cortisol, our proinflammatory mediator, and its receptor exhibit seasonal differences in amplitude and phase, oscillating at higher amplitudes in the winter season with peak times occurring later in the day. Furthermore, the reduced photoperiod of winter coupled with seasonal alterations in physiological activity induces a more exacerbated immune response to acute stress, simulated in our studies as the administration of an acute dose of endotoxin. Our findings are therefore in accordance with experimental data that reflect the predominance of a proinflammatory state during the winter months. These changes in circadian rhythm dynamics may play a significant role in the seasonality of disease incidence and regulate the diurnal and seasonal variation of disease symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau Pierre
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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15
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Cuesta M, Boudreau P, Dubeau-Laramée G, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. Simulated Night Shift Disrupts Circadian Rhythms of Immune Functions in Humans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2466-75. [PMID: 26873990 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research unveiled a circadian regulation of the immune system in rodents, yet little is known about rhythms of immune functions in humans and how they are affected by circadian disruption. In this study, we assessed rhythms of cytokine secretion by immune cells and tested their response to simulated night shifts. PBMCs were collected from nine participants kept in constant posture over 24 h under a day-oriented schedule (baseline) and after 3 d under a night-oriented schedule. Monocytes and T lymphocytes were stimulated with LPS and PHA, respectively. At baseline, a bimodal rhythmic secretion was detected for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α: a night peak was primarily due to a higher responsiveness of monocytes, and a day peak was partly due to a higher proportion of monocytes. A rhythmic release was also observed for IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a nighttime peak due to a higher cell count and responsiveness of T lymphocytes. Following night shifts, with the exception of IL-2, cytokine secretion was still rhythmic but with peak levels phase advanced by 4.5-6 h, whereas the rhythm in monocyte and T lymphocyte numbers was not shifted. This suggests distinct mechanisms of regulation between responsiveness to stimuli and cell numbers of the human immune system. Under a night-oriented schedule, only cytokine release was partly shifted in response to the change in the sleep-wake cycle. This led to a desynchronization of rhythmic immune parameters, which might contribute to the increased risk for infection, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and cancer reported in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cuesta
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; and Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; and
| | - Geneviève Dubeau-Laramée
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; and
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16
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Dowling JK, Dellacasagrande J. Toll-Like Receptors: Ligands, Cell-Based Models, and Readouts for Receptor Action. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1390:3-27. [PMID: 26803619 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3335-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter details Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the tools available to study their biology in vitro. Key parameters to consider before exploring TLR action such as receptor localization, signaling pathways, nature of ligands and cellular expression are introduced. Cellular models (i.e., host cells and readouts) based on the use of cell lines, primary cells, or whole blood are presented. The use of modified TLRs to circumvent some technical problems is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Dowling
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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17
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Estimation of Rickettsia rickettsii copy number in the blood of patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever suggests cyclic diurnal trends in bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:394-396. [PMID: 26724989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kim HK, Konishi M, Takahashi M, Tabata H, Endo N, Numao S, Lee SK, Kim YH, Suzuki K, Sakamoto S. Effects of Acute Endurance Exercise Performed in the Morning and Evening on Inflammatory Cytokine and Metabolic Hormone Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137567. [PMID: 26352938 PMCID: PMC4564197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the effects of endurance exercise performed in the morning and evening on inflammatory cytokine responses in young men. Methods Fourteen healthy male participants aged 24.3 ± 0.8 years (mean ± standard error) performed endurance exercise in the morning (0900–1000 h) on one day and then in the evening (1700–1800 h) on another day with an interval of at least 1 week between each trial. In both the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 minutes at approximately 60% of the maximal oxygen uptake ( V·O2max) on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected to determine hormones and inflammatory cytokines at pre-exercise, immediately post exercise, and 2 h post exercise. Results Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and adrenaline concentrations were significantly higher immediately after exercise in the evening trial than in the morning trial (P < 0.01, both). Serum free fatty acids concentrations were significantly higher in the evening trial than in the morning trial at 2 h after exercise (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of IL-6 immediately post-exercise and free fatty acids 2 h post-exercise in the evening (r = 0.68, P < 0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that the effect of acute endurance exercise in the evening enhances the plasma IL-6 and adrenaline concentrations compared to that in the morning. In addition, IL-6 was involved in increasing free fatty acids, suggesting that the evening is more effective for exercise-induced lipolysis compared with the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Masaki Takahashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoya Endo
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Numao
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sun-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Sports and Physical Arts, Myongji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- Department of Oriental Martial Arts, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Perrin L, Loizides-Mangold U, Skarupelova S, Pulimeno P, Chanon S, Robert M, Bouzakri K, Modoux C, Roux-Lombard P, Vidal H, Lefai E, Dibner C. Human skeletal myotubes display a cell-autonomous circadian clock implicated in basal myokine secretion. Mol Metab 2015; 4:834-45. [PMID: 26629407 PMCID: PMC4632112 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian clocks are functional in all light-sensitive organisms, allowing an adaptation to the external world in anticipation of daily environmental changes. In view of the potential role of the skeletal muscle clock in the regulation of glucose metabolism, we aimed to characterize circadian rhythms in primary human skeletal myotubes and investigate their roles in myokine secretion. METHODS We established a system for long-term bioluminescence recording in differentiated human myotubes, employing lentivector gene delivery of the Bmal1-luciferase and Per2-luciferase core clock reporters. Furthermore, we disrupted the circadian clock in skeletal muscle cells by transfecting siRNA targeting CLOCK. Next, we assessed the basal secretion of a large panel of myokines in a circadian manner in the presence or absence of a functional clock. RESULTS Bioluminescence reporter assays revealed that human skeletal myotubes, synchronized in vitro, exhibit a self-sustained circadian rhythm, which was further confirmed by endogenous core clock transcript expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that the basal secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 by synchronized skeletal myotubes has a circadian profile. Importantly, the secretion of IL-6 and several additional myokines was strongly downregulated upon siClock-mediated clock disruption. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides for the first time evidence that primary human skeletal myotubes possess a high-amplitude cell-autonomous circadian clock, which could be attenuated. Furthermore, this oscillator plays an important role in the regulation of basal myokine secretion by skeletal myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Perrin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Skarupelova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Pulimeno
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, University Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Maud Robert
- Department of Digestive and Bariatric Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Modoux
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, University Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, University Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Rahman SA, Castanon-Cervantes O, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA, Czeisler CA, Davidson AJ, Lockley SW. Endogenous circadian regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:4-13. [PMID: 25452149 PMCID: PMC4430446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Various aspects of immune response exhibit 24-h variations suggesting that infection susceptibility and treatment efficacy may vary by time of day. Whether these 24-h variations are endogenous or evoked by changes in environmental or behavioral conditions is not known. We assessed the endogenous circadian control and environmental and behavioral influences on ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood in thirteen healthy participants under 48h of baseline conditions with standard sleep-wake schedules and 40-50h of constant environmental and behavioral (constant routine; CR) conditions. Significant 24-h rhythms were observed under baseline conditions in Monocyte Chemotactic Protein, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin 8 but not Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha whereas significant 24-h rhythms were observed in all four immune factors under CR conditions. The rhythm amplitudes, expressed as a percentage of mean, were comparable between immune factors and across conditions. In contrast, the acrophase time (time of the fitted peak) was different between immune factors, and included daytime and nighttime peaks and changes across behavioral conditions. These results suggest that the endogenous circadian system underpins the temporal organization of immune responses in humans with additional effects of external environmental and behavioral cycles. These findings have implications for understanding the adverse effects of recurrent circadian disruption and sleep curtailment on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 164 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Oscar Castanon-Cervantes
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. S.W., Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 164 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Steven A Shea
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 164 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 164 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alec J Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. S.W., Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 164 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
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21
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Dimitrov S, Besedovsky L, Born J, Lange T. Differential acute effects of sleep on spontaneous and stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor in men. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:201-10. [PMID: 25500219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered a key molecule in the regulation of sleep in health and disease. Conversely, sleep compared to sleep deprivation can modulate TNF release, but overall results are conflicting. In this study we focused on the influence of sleep on spontaneous, i.e., unstimulated TNF production, which might be involved in sleep regulation under normal non-infectious conditions, and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNF production, which reflects the capacity of the immune system to respond to a pathogen. To this end, we monitored 10 healthy men during a regular sleep-wake cycle and during 24h of wakefulness while blood was sampled repeatedly to analyze circulating TNF levels in serum as well as intracellular TNF production in monocytes spontaneously and after stimulation with LPS employing whole blood cell cultures. In addition we assessed numbers of monocyte subsets and levels of various hormones in blood. In comparison with nocturnal wakefulness, sleep acutely decreased serum TNF levels, with no parallel decrease in spontaneous monocytic TNF production, but was associated with a striking nighttime increase in the percentage of TNF producing monocytes after stimulation with LPS. The following day circulating TNF showed a reverse pattern with higher levels after regular sleep than after the nocturnal vigil. The mechanisms mediating the differential effects of sleep on circulating TNF (acutely decreased) vs. stimulated monocytic TNF production (acutely increased) remain unclear, although explorative correlational analyses pointed to a regulatory involvement of cortisol, norepinephrine and prolactin. The acute enhancing effect of sleep on LPS stimulated monocytic TNF production adds to the notion that nocturnal sleep favors immune defense to a microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Dimitrov
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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22
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Mavroudis PD, Corbett SA, Calvano SE, Androulakis IP. Mathematical modeling of light-mediated HPA axis activity and downstream implications on the entrainment of peripheral clock genes. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:766-78. [PMID: 25073602 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00026.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we propose a semimechanistic model that describes the photic signal transduction to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that ultimately regulates the synchronization of peripheral clock genes (PCGs). Our HPA axis model predicts that photic stimulation induces a type-1 phase response curve to cortisol's profile with increased cortisol sensitivity to light exposure in its rising phase, as well as the shortening of cortisol's period as constant light increases (Aschoff's first rule). Furthermore, our model provides insight into cortisol's phase and amplitude dependence on photoperiods and reveals that cortisol maintains highest amplitude variability when it is entrained by a balanced schedule of light and dark periods. Importantly, by incorporating the links between HPA axis and PCGs we were able to investigate how cortisol secretion impacts the entrainment of a population of peripheral cells and show that disrupted light schedules, leading to blunted cortisol secretion, fail to synchronize a population of PCGs which further signifies the loss of circadian rhythmicity in the periphery of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan A Corbett
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Steven E Calvano
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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23
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Sudheimer KD, O'Hara R, Spiegel D, Powers B, Kraemer HC, Neri E, Weiner M, Hardan A, Hallmayer J, Dhabhar FS. Cortisol, cytokines, and hippocampal volume interactions in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:153. [PMID: 25071562 PMCID: PMC4079951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Separate bodies of literature report that elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and cortisol negatively affect hippocampal structure and cognitive functioning, particularly in older adults. Although interactions between cytokines and cortisol occur through a variety of known mechanisms, few studies consider how their interactions affect brain structure. In this preliminary study, we assess the impact of interactions between circulating levels of IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and waking cortisol on hippocampal volume. Twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults underwent blood draws for quantification of circulating cytokines and saliva collections to quantify the cortisol awakening response. Hippocampal volume measurements were made using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Elevated levels of waking cortisol in conjunction with higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were associated with smaller hippocampal volumes. In addition, independent of cortisol, higher levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were also associated with smaller hippocampal volumes. These data provide preliminary evidence that higher cortisol, in conjunction with higher IL-6 and TNF-alpha, are associated with smaller hippocampal volume in older adults. We suggest that the dynamic balance between the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and inflammation processes may explain hippocampal volume reductions in older adults better than either set of measures do in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Sudheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruth O'Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bevin Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Kraemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Neri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Firdaus S Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA ; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis in general is demand driven and adaptive, but in contrast to erythropoiesis or thrombocytopoiesis, our knowledge on how neutrophil production is adapted to individual needs remains incomplete. Recently, neutrophil homeostasis has been shown to depend on danger receptors, macrophages, and even circadian rhythms. Puzzle pieces for a broader view of neutrophil homeostasis accumulate, and we will herein try to put seemingly contradictory evidence in a perspective of neutrophil homeostasis and emergency granulopoiesis determined by innate immunologic signaling.
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Alamili M, Bendtzen K, Lykkesfeldt J, Rosenberg J, Gögenur I. Pronounced inflammatory response to endotoxaemia during nighttime: a randomised cross-over trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87413. [PMID: 24475284 PMCID: PMC3903723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian variation in bodily functions has been shown to impact health in acute and chronic medical conditions. Little is known about the relationship between circadian rhythm and sepsis in humans. We aimed to investigate circadian variations in the host response in a human endotoxaemia model. Design and Methods A cross-over study, where 12 healthy young men received E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 0.3 ng/kg at 12 noon and, on another day, at 12 midnight. Blood samples were analysed for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R)-1 and -2, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, and IL-10 as well as YKL-40 and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) before and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after LPS administration. Results The levels of MDA and IL-10 where significantly higher during the day time (P<0.05) whereas levels of TNF-alpha, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and YKL-40 were higher (P<0.01 for all comparisons) during the night time. No significant differences were seen in the levels of AA and DHA. Conclusion A day-night difference in the acute phase response to endotoxaemia exists in healthy volunteers with a more pronounced inflammatory response during the night time. This circadian difference in the response to endotoxaemia may play an important role in the clinical setting and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alamili
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Dutheil F, Trousselard M, Perrier C, Lac G, Chamoux A, Duclos M, Naughton G, Mnatzaganian G, Schmidt J. Urinary interleukin-8 is a biomarker of stress in emergency physicians, especially with advancing age--the JOBSTRESS* randomized trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71658. [PMID: 23977105 PMCID: PMC3747272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency physicians are exposed to greater stress during a 24-hour shift (24 hS) than a 14-hour night shift (14 hS), with an impact lasting several days. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is postulated to be a chronic stress biomarker. However, no studies have tracked IL-8 over several shifts or used it for monitoring short-term residual stress. The IL-8 response to the shifts may also increase with age. Conveniently, IL-8 can be measured non-intrusively from urine. Methods We conducted a shifts-randomized trial comparing 17 emergency physicians’ urinary IL-8 levels during a 24 hS, a 14 hS, and a control day (clerical work on return from leave). Mean levels of IL-8 were compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Independent associations of key factors including shifts, stress, and age with IL-8 levels were further assessed in a multivariable generalized estimating equations model. Results Mean urinary IL-8 levels almost doubled during and after a 24 hS compared with a 14 hS or a control day. Furthermore, IL-8 levels failed to return to control values at the end of the third day after the shift despite a rest day following the 24 hS. In the multivariable model, engaging in a 24 hS, self-reported stress, and age were independently associated with higher IL-8 levels. A 24 hS significantly increased IL-8 levels by 1.9 ng (p = .007). Similarly, for every unit increase in self-reported stress, there was a 0.11 ng increase in IL-8 levels (p = .003); and for every one year advance in age of physicians, IL-8 levels also increased by 0.11 ng (p = .018). Conclusion The 24 hS generated a prolonged response of the immune system. Urinary IL-8 was a strong biomarker of stress under intensive and prolonged demands, both acutely and over time. Because elevated IL-8 levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and negative psychological consequences, we suggest that emergency physicians limit their exposure to 24 hS, especially with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Emergency Department, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Exploration, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Christophe Perrier
- Emergency Department, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Lac
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Chamoux
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Emergency Department, University Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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27
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An agent-based model of cellular dynamics and circadian variability in human endotoxemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55550. [PMID: 23383223 PMCID: PMC3559552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As cellular variability and circadian rhythmicity play critical roles in immune and inflammatory responses, we present in this study an agent-based model of human endotoxemia to examine the interplay between circadian controls, cellular variability and stochastic dynamics of inflammatory cytokines. The model is qualitatively validated by its ability to reproduce circadian dynamics of inflammatory mediators and critical inflammatory responses after endotoxin administration in vivo. Novel computational concepts are proposed to characterize the cellular variability and synchronization of inflammatory cytokines in a population of heterogeneous leukocytes. Our results suggest that there is a decrease in cell-to-cell variability of inflammatory cytokines while their synchronization is increased after endotoxin challenge. Model parameters that are responsible for IκB production stimulated by NFκB activation and for the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines have large impacts on system behaviors. Additionally, examining time-dependent systemic responses revealed that the system is least vulnerable to endotoxin in the early morning and most vulnerable around midnight. Although much remains to be explored, proposed computational concepts and the model we have pioneered will provide important insights for future investigations and extensions, especially for single-cell studies to discover how cellular variability contributes to clinical implications.
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Kalsbeek A, Liu J, Lei J, Timmermans L, Foppen E, Cailotto C, Fliers E. Differential involvement of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in lipopolysaccharide-induced plasma glucose and corticosterone responses. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:835-49. [PMID: 22823867 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.699123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is an essential component of the circadian timing system, and an important determinant of neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation. Recent data indicate a modulatory role for the immune system on the circadian timing system. The authors investigated how the circadian timing system affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucose regulatory responses evoked by an immune challenge induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced increases in corticosterone were minimal during the trough of the daily corticosterone rhythm; in contrast, LPS effects on glucose, glucagon, and insulin did not vary across time-of-day. Complete ablation of the SCN resulted in increased corticosterone responses but did not affect LPS-induced hyperglycemia. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is an important neuroendocrine and autonomic output pathway for hypothalamic information, as well as one of the main target areas of the SCN. Silencing the neuronal activity in the PVN did not affect the LPS-induced corticosterone surge and only slightly delayed the LPS-induced plasma glucose and glucagon responses. Finally, surgical interruption of the neuronal connection between hypothalamus and liver did not affect the corticosterone response but slightly delayed the LPS-induced glucose response. Together, these data support the previously proposed circadian modulation of LPS-induced neuroendocrine responses, but they are at variance with the suggested major role for the hypothalamic pacemaker on the autonomic output of the hypothalamus, as reflected by the effects of LPS on glucose homeostasis. The latter effects are more likely due to direct interactions of LPS with peripheral tissues, such as the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Park JY, Ahn RS. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1557-68. [PMID: 22445364 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An exaggerated inflammatory process is considered an important pathophysiological feature of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis serves as a negative feedback mechanism for inflammatory processes. The present study examined the HPA axis function in patients with CRPS-1 by a determination of cortisol concentrations in saliva. Three sets of saliva samples were sequentially collected from 24 patients with CRPS-1 during medication (on-Med), 72 h after stopping medication (off-Med) and 8h after the oral administration of 1mg dexamethasone. One set of saliva samples was collected from healthy controls. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal cortisol decline (DCD) were used as indices for HPA axis function. Cortisol levels during the post-awakening period in patients were increased following withdrawal of medications. The CAR during the off-Med condition was disappeared after administration of dexamethasone. Among the examined CRPS-related numerical variables, the frequency of spontaneous pain attacks showed relationships with the indices of HPA axis function. After classifying the patients into two subgroups, we observed that the CAR and DCD in patient who had a relatively high frequency of spontaneous pain attacks (subgroup 5 ≤) were lower and less steep than those in patient who had a relatively low frequency of spontaneous pain attacks (subgroup 0-4) for the on- and off-Med conditions. The CAR and DCD in subgroup 5 ≤ during their off-Med condition were comparable to those in controls. These results suggest that the increase in frequency of spontaneous pain attacks is associated with a reduced CAR and flattened DCD in patients CRPS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Y Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Coe CL, Love GD, Karasawa M, Kawakami N, Kitayama S, Markus HR, Tracy RP, Ryff CD. Population differences in proinflammatory biology: Japanese have healthier profiles than Americans. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:494-502. [PMID: 21112385 PMCID: PMC3039107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), has emerged as a key factor in the biology of aging and the physiology of inflammation. Yet much of what we know about the normal functioning of IL-6 has been generated primarily from research on European populations and Americans of European descent. Our analyses compared IL-6 levels in 382 middle-aged and older Japanese to the values found in 1209 Caucasian- and African-Americans from the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS). Across the life span from 30 to 80 years of age, mean IL-6 levels were strikingly lower in Japanese individuals. Significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FBG) provided confirmatory evidence for a population difference in proinflammatory activity. Because IL-6 release has been associated with obesity, differences in body mass index (BMI) were taken into consideration. Japanese had the lowest, and African-Americans had the highest overall BMIs, but significant group differences in IL-6 persisted even after BMI was included as a covariate in the analyses. Additional support for distinct variation in IL-6 biology was generated when systemic levels of the soluble receptor for IL-6 (sIL-6r) were evaluated. Serum sIL-6r was higher in Japanese than Americans, but was most notably low in African-Americans. Our cytokine data concur with national differences in the prevalence of age-related illnesses linked to inflammatory physiology, including cardiovascular disease. The findings also highlight the importance of broadening the diversity of people included in population studies of health and aging, especially given the relative paucity of information for some Asian countries and on individuals of Asian heritage living in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Gayle D. Love
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mayumi Karasawa
- Department of Comparative Psychology, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Logan R, Arjona A, Sarkar DK. Role of sympathetic nervous system in the entrainment of circadian natural-killer cell function. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:101-9. [PMID: 20816749 PMCID: PMC2991610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated robust circadian variations of cytokines and cytolytic factors in enriched NK cells from rat spleen, strongly suggesting these functions may be subject to circadian regulation. The SCN mediates timing information to peripheral tissues by both humoral and neural inputs. In particular, noradrenergic (NE) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) terminals innervate the spleen tissue communicating information between central and peripheral systems. However, whether these immune factors are subject to timing information conveyed through neural NE innervation to the spleen remained unknown. Indeed, we were able to characterize a circadian rhythm of NE content in the spleen, supporting the role of the SNS as a conveyor of timing information to splenocytes. By chemically producing a local splenic sympathectomy through guanethidine treatment, the splenic NE rhythm was abolished or shifted as indicated by a blunting of the expected peak at ZT7. Consequently, the daily variations of cytokine, TNF-α, and cytolytic factors, granzyme-B and perforin, in NK cells and splenocytes were altered. Only time-dependent mRNA expression of IFN-γ was altered in splenocytes, but not protein levels in NK cells, suggesting non-neural entrainment cues may be necessary to regulate specific immune factors. In addition, the rhythms of clock genes and proteins, Bmal1 and Per2, in these tissues also displayed significantly altered daily variations. Collectively, these results demonstrate rhythmic NE input to the spleen acts as an entrainment cue to modulate the molecular clock in NK cells and other spleen cells possibly playing a role in regulating the cytokine and cytolytic function of these cells.
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Scheff JD, Calvano SE, Lowry SF, Androulakis IP. Modeling the influence of circadian rhythms on the acute inflammatory response. J Theor Biol 2010; 264:1068-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lange T, Dimitrov S, Born J. Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on the human immune system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1193:48-59. [PMID: 20398008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many immune parameters show systematic fluctuations over the 24-h day in human blood. Circulating naive T-cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-12 (IL-12), peak during nighttime, whereas cytotoxic effector leukocytes and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peak during daytime. These temporal changes originate from a combined influence of the circadian system and sleep. Both brain functions act synergistically and share neuroendocrine effector mechanisms to convey control over immune functions. Sympathetic tone and cortisol levels show a circadian nadir during nighttime and are further suppressed by sleep, whereas growth hormone and prolactin show a circadian peak during nighttime and are further enhanced by sleep. Thus, the circadian system and sleep jointly evoke a unique endocrine constellation that is extremely effective in inducing changes in leukocyte traffic and a shift toward proinflammatory type 1-cytokines during the nocturnal period of sleep, that is, an action with strong clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lange
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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34
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Gregory JL, Hall P, Leech M, Morand EF, Hickey MJ. Independent roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and endogenous, but not exogenous glucocorticoids in regulating leukocyte trafficking. Microcirculation 2010; 16:735-48. [PMID: 19905972 DOI: 10.3109/10739680903210421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes leukocyte recruitment and antagonizes the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GC). The aim of this study was to examine whether interaction between MIF and GC underlies the ability of MIF to promote leukocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions. METHODS Intravital microscopy was used to assess leukocyte-EC interactions in wild-type and MIF(-/-) mice following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the GC dexamethasone, and inhibition of endogenous GC, using the GC-receptor antagonist, RU486. RESULTS Dexamethasone reduced LPS-induced leukocyte interactions in wild-type mice to levels similar to those observed in MIF(-/-) mice not treated with dexamethasone, whereas in MIF(-/-) mice, leukocyte interactions were not further inhibited by dexamethasone. RU486 increased LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion and emigration to a similar extent in both wild-type and MIF(-/-) mice, indicating that endogenous GC exert a similar inhibitory effect on leukocyte trafficking in wild-type and MIF(-/-) mice. Both MIF deficiency and RU486 treatment reduced VCAM-1 expression, while neither treatment modulated expression of ICAM-1 or chemokines CCL2, KC, and MIP-2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that endogenous MIF and GC regulate leukocyte-EC interactions in vivo reciprocally but through predominantly independent mechanisms, and that the anti-inflammatory effect of MIF deficiency is comparable to that of exogenous GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Gregory
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Hoge EA, Brandstetter K, Moshier S, Pollack MH, Wong KK, Simon NM. Broad spectrum of cytokine abnormalities in panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2009; 26:447-55. [PMID: 19319993 DOI: 10.1002/da.20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines have been reported to be elevated in individuals experiencing chronic stress as well as in those with major depressive disorder. Much less is known about cytokines in anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (PD). We hypothesized that PD and PTSD would be associated with a generalized proinflammatory cytokine signature. METHOD We utilized Luminex technology to examine 20 cytokines and chemokines in serum from 48 well-characterized individuals with a primary DSM-IV PD or PTSD diagnosis, and 48 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We conservatively employed a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (alpha=.05/20=.0025). RESULTS Individuals with primary PTSD or PD had significantly elevated median peripheral cytokine levels for 18 of 20 different cytokines compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls (all P<.0025). To assess for the presence of a generalized proinflammatory state, we also examined the proportion of subjects with detectable levels of at least six of nine common proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, and IFN-alpha). For men and women, 87% of anxiety patients had six or more detectable levels of these proinflammatory cytokines, compared with only 25% of controls (Fisher's Exact Test (FET) P=.000). Confirmatory analysis of the subset of individuals without current psychiatric medication use or comorbid depression was of comparable significance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a generalized inflammatory state may be present in individuals with PD or PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hoge
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Rossignol DP, Wong N, Noveck R, Lynn M. Continuous pharmacodynamic activity of eritoran tetrasodium, a TLR4 antagonist, during intermittent intravenous infusion into normal volunteers. Innate Immun 2008; 14:383-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425908099173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eritoran tetrasodium (E5564), a structural analogue of the lipid A portion of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS), is an antagonist of LPS and other Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligands. Eritoran tetrasodium quantitatively blocks LPS response in vivo in animal and human endotoxemia models and demonstrates a long pharmacokinetic half-life, but a short pharmacodynamic half-life. The objective of this study was to assess the safety, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of E5564 infused twice-daily at three target steady-state plasma levels of approximately 1, 3 and 10 µg/ml in healthy volunteers. Results: Loading and maintenance doses of up to 77 mg over 3 days in females and 105 mg over 6 days in males were safe and well-tolerated except for self-limiting phlebitis at the drug infusion site. Plasma levels reached steady state by 24 h. The Cmax, Cmin, and C88, AUC0 —∞ were dose proportional and gender independent. Pharmacodynamic activity measured by an ex vivo LPS challenge assay, demonstrated dose-dependence for both E5564 and LPS and plasma levels of ~3 µg/ml E5564 or greater blocked up to 1 ng/ml LPS. Conclusions: Every 12-h dosing of E5564 can replace continuous infusion, while maintaining uninterrupted blocking of high-dose LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Wong
- Drug Safety and Disposition, Research Institute, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Noveck
- MDS Pharma Services (US), Inc., Neptune, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melvyn Lynn
- Eisai Medical Research Inc., Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, USA
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Kaplan JE, Chrenek RD, Morash JG, Ruksznis CM, Hannum LG. Rhythmic patterns in phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species by zebrafish leukocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:726-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The course of every infection is different. The same pathogen can lead to subclinical, mild, severe or lethal infections in individuals. But is this just chance or determined by individual differences--on the side of the host as well as on the side of the pathogen? If so, we might need to consider these variations for treatment decisions. Indeed, we now understand that genetic polymorphisms and health status represent inborn and acquired risk factors. Similarly, pathogens impress with an increasing number of already identified virulence factors and host response modifiers. The emerging, more complex, view of the factors determining course and outcome of infections promises to enable more tailored and thus, hopefully, more effective treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Hermann
- Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Draing C, Sigel S, Deininger S, Traub S, Munke R, Mayer C, Hareng L, Hartung T, von Aulock S, Hermann C. Cytokine induction by Gram-positive bacteria. Immunobiology 2008; 213:285-96. [PMID: 18406374 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar clinical relevance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections, immune activation by Gram-positive bacteria is by far less well understood than immune activation by Gram-negative bacteria. Our group has made available highly purified lipoteichoic acids (LTA) as a key Gram-positive immunostimulatory component. We have characterized the reasons for lower potency of LTA compared to Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS), identifying lack of IL-12/IFNgamma induction as a general characteristic of TLR2 agonists, and need for presentation of LTA on surfaces for enhanced immunostimulatory potency, as major aspects. Aspects of chemokine induction, where LTA is more potent than LPS, have been addressed. Furthermore, novel complement and plant defence activation, as well as CD36 as a new LTA receptor, were identified. The bacterial costimuli and modulators of LTA inducible responses are being investigated: LTA isolated from so far 16 bacterial species, although different in structure, behave remarkably similar while whole live and killed bacteria differ with regard to the pattern of induced responses. The purification and characterization of the respective components of the bacterial cell wall has begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Draing
- Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Miles MP, Andring JM, Pearson SD, Gordon LK, Kasper C, Depner CM, Kidd JR. Diurnal variation, response to eccentric exercise, and association of inflammatory mediators with muscle damage variables. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 104:451-8. [PMID: 18079262 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00572.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation determined whether inflammatory mediators 1) have diurnal variations, 2) respond to high-force eccentric exercise, and 3) associate with markers of muscle damage after high-force eccentric exercise. College-aged men and women (n = 51) completed exercise (3 x 15 maximal eccentric elbow flexor actions using 1 arm) and control conditions in random order. Blood was collected preexercise and 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h postexercise. Additional measures included maximal isometric force and midbiceps arm circumference (to detect swelling). Serum and plasma were analyzed for soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), IL-6, C-reactive protein, cortisol, and creatine kinase (CK) activity. Relative to the 7:00 AM point in the control condition, diurnal decreases were measured at 12:00 PM and 4:00 PM for IL-6 and at 12:00 PM, 4:00 PM, and 8:00 PM for sTNFR1 and cortisol. sTNFR1, IL-6, CK, swelling, and soreness were higher in the exercise compared with the control condition. The largest of the inflammatory mediator responses was measured for IL-6 8 h postexercise in the exercise (3.00 +/- 3.59 pg/ml) relative to the control condition (1.15 +/- 0.99 pg/ml). The IL-6 response (time-matched exercise--control concentration) at 8 h associated (r > 0.282) with muscle soreness at 24 and 96 h, and the cortisol response at 8 h associated (r > 0.285) with swelling at 8, 24, and 96 h. Thus soreness and swelling, but not CK and strength loss, had a low association with the inflammatory response following eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Miles
- Montana State Univ., Dept. of Health and Human Development, P.O. Box 173360, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Bastian D, Sun J, Danckert Krohn C, Reikerås O. Immune Modulation after Total Hip Surgery. Eur Surg Res 2007; 39:296-302. [PMID: 17595543 DOI: 10.1159/000104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major trauma affects the immune system, and immunosuppression may render the patients susceptible to septic complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced releases of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in whole blood in patients undergoing total hip replacement. METHODS Seven patients (6 females) who underwent elective total hip replacement were included. Ex vivo LPS-induced releases of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured in a whole blood assay at days 1, 6, 9 and 12 postoperatively, using low- and high-dose LPS incubation. At the same time, white blood cell counts were analyzed. RESULTS The amount of TNF-alpha release was significantly reduced at days 6 and 12. Compared to monocyte counts, TNF-alpha release was significantly decreased also at day 9 in low- and high-dose LPS stimulation. IL-6 in plasma was significantly increased at day 1 and normalized thereafter. There were no differences in LPS-induced IL-6 levels compared to the levels before surgery. CONCLUSION This in vivo/ex vivo study shows a reduced capacity of whole blood to release LPS-induced TNF-alpha at day 6 through to day 12 after major orthopedic surgery. Attenuated TNF-alpha release may contribute to an increased postoperative susceptibility to gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bastian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rikshospitalet Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Fontaine C, Staels B. The orphan nuclear receptor Rev-erbalpha: a transcriptional link between circadian rhythmicity and cardiometabolic disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2007; 18:141-6. [PMID: 17353661 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3280464ef6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on recent advances on the role of the orphan nuclear receptor Rev-erbalpha, a transcription factor participating in the control of circadian rhythm and cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Circadian patterns of cardiovascular vulnerability are well documented, with a peak incidence of cardiovascular events in the morning. Recent studies have outlined the importance of the Clock genes in the development of metabolic disorders predisposing to atherosclerosis. Rev-erbalpha is a nuclear receptor that regulates hepatic and adipose lipid metabolism as well as vascular inflammation. Moreover, Rev-erbalpha is also part of the clock transcription machinery and the target of some clock transcription factors. SUMMARY These findings identify Rev-erbalpha as a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors and as a determinant of the circadian regulation of metabolic pathways. Moreover, Rev-erbalpha crosstalks with other nuclear receptors which influence atherosclerosis susceptibility. Rev-erbalpha may thus serve to integrate metabolic and circadian signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Fontaine
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U.545, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
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Aulock SV, Deininger S, Draing C, Gueinzius K, Dehus O, Hermann C. Gender difference in cytokine secretion on immune stimulation with LPS and LTA. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007; 26:887-92. [PMID: 17238831 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune defense capacity differs between men and women. Whereas men are more prone to infection and sepsis, women more commonly develop autoimmune diseases. We investigated the difference in cytokine secretion between males and females in response to different immune stimuli. Whole blood from 154 healthy volunteers (age 24 +/- 5.2; 82 females, 72 males) was collected within 2 h on 2 consecutive days. Blood from males produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 than blood from females in response to a high concentration of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), whereas IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion did not differ. Normalization of cytokine measurement to individual monocyte counts cancelled these differences for all parameters except TNF-alpha. Stimulation with a lower concentration of LPS (100 pg/mL) produced even stronger differences in cytokine release, which were not cancelled by normalization to the producing cells. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the LPS-induced and LTA-induced cytokine responses were higher in blood from women than men for all parameters and stimuli measured. Thus, the stronger innate immune response of males in comparison to females appears to stem not only from a difference in monocyte counts but also from the steepness of the response curve.
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Plackett TP, Colantoni A, Heinrich SA, Messingham KAN, Gamelli RL, Kovacs EJ. The early acute phase response after burn injury in mice. J Burn Care Res 2007; 28:167-72. [PMID: 17211221 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e31802cb84f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the hours immediately after burn injury, the body enters into an acute phase reaction characterized, in part, by the augmentation of cytokine and acute phase protein production. This reaction has been poorly characterized in the 24 hours immediately after injury. To better understand the early acute phase response, 8- to 10-week-old BALB/C female mice were subjected to a 15% total body surface area (TBSA). Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 were monitored. In addition, the circulating level of serum amyloid A, an acute phase protein, also was measured at the same time points. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels peaked 2 hours after burn injury, whereas interleukin-1beta had a biphasic response, increasing 2 hours after injury and again at 12 hours. Interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A were not increased until 12 hours after injury and began to decline at 24 hours. These results demonstrate that within the liver, the acute phase response after burn injury initially involves tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, whereas interleukin-6 is not involved until later and that systemic serum amyloid A levels are not increased until interleukin-6 is also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Plackett
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60513, USA
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Straub RH, Cutolo M. Circadian rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for pathophysiology and therapeutic management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:399-408. [PMID: 17265475 DOI: 10.1002/art.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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