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Bensaada I, Robin B, Perez J, Salemkour Y, Chipont A, Camus M, Lemoine M, Guyonnet L, Lazareth H, Letavernier E, Hénique C, Tharaux PL, Lenoir O. Calpastatin prevents Angiotensin II-mediated podocyte injury through maintenance of autophagy. Kidney Int 2021; 100:90-106. [PMID: 33675847 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The strong predictive value of proteinuria in chronic glomerulopathies is firmly established as well as the pathogenic role of angiotensin II promoting progression of glomerular disease with an altered glomerular filtration barrier, podocyte injury and scarring of glomeruli. Here we found that chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension inhibited autophagy flux in mouse glomeruli. Deletion of Atg5 (a gene encoding a protein involved autophagy) specifically in the podocyte resulted in accelerated angiotensin II-induced podocytopathy, accentuated albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. This indicates that autophagy is a key protective mechanism in the podocyte in this condition. Angiotensin-II induced calpain activity in podocytes inhibits autophagy flux. Podocytes from mice with transgenic expression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin displayed higher podocyte autophagy at baseline that was resistant to angiotensin II-dependent inhibition. Also, sustained autophagy with calpastatin limited podocyte damage and albuminuria. These findings suggest that hypertension has pathogenic effects on the glomerular structure and function, in part through activation of calpains leading to blockade of podocyte autophagy. These findings uncover an original mechanism whereby angiotensin II-mediated hypertension inhibits autophagy via calcium-induced recruitment of calpain with pathogenic consequences in case of imbalance by calpastatin activity. Thus, preventing a calpain-mediated decrease in autophagy may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for nephropathies associated with high renin-angiotensin system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise Robin
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna Chipont
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Lea Guyonnet
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Yang H, Zheng M, Guo M, Chen H, Sun L, Han Z, Tao J, Ju X, Tan R, Wei JF, Gu M. An intronic polymorphism of NFATC1 gene shows a risk association with biopsy-proven acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:211. [PMID: 32309358 PMCID: PMC7154465 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NFATC1 gene on the occurrence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) in renal transplant recipients. Methods Blood samples from 131 subjects with stable allograft function (STA) and 69 with BPAR episodes were collected and analyzed using target sequencing (TS) with an established panel. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. Pathological changes were extracted and the relationship with tagger SNPs was calculated. Moreover, the CCK-8 assay was performed to explore the proliferation of T lymphocytes, and PCR, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were applied to identify the effect of mutant on the activation of T cells. Results High-quality readouts were obtained for 55 NFATC1 SNPs and 14 tagger SNPs were remained for further analysis. After adjusting for clinical confounding factors, the distribution of four NFATC1 SNPs, including rs2290154, rs2304738, rs754093 and rs754096, were statistically significant between STA and BPAR groups. Pathological association analysis indicated one SNP, rs2290154, was significantly related with the Banff score and renal tubulitis. Our in vitro study suggested that NFATC1 rs2290154 mutant could remarkably promote the T cell proliferation, increase the transcription of NFATC1 mRNA and expression of NFATC1 protein, as well as the interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion. Conclusions We reported the crucial association of NFATC1 gene with the occurrence of acute rejection (AR) episodes. Moreover, in vitro NFATC1 rs2290154 was significantly involved in the T lymphocytes activation and proliferation through increasing the translation of NFATC1 mRNA and expression of NFATC1 protein, along with the secretion of IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Hanouna G, Tang E, Perez J, Vandermeersch S, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. Preventing Calpain Externalization by Reducing ABCA1 Activity with Probenecid Limits Melanoma Angiogenesis and Development. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:445-454. [PMID: 31425704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calpains, intracellular proteases specifically inhibited by calpastatin, play a major role in neoangiogenesis involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. They are partly exteriorized via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) transporter, but the importance of this process in tumor growth is still unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of extracellular calpains in a model of melanoma by blocking their extracellular activity or exteriorization. In the first approach, a B16-F10 model of melanoma was developed in transgenic mice expressing high extracellular levels of calpastatin. In these mice, tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold compared with wild-type animals. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tumor studies have demonstrated that this protection was associated with a defect in tumor neoangiogenesis. Similarly, in wild-type animals given probenecid to blunt ABCA1 activity, melanoma tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold. Again, this response was associated with a defect in neoangiogenesis. In vitro studies confirmed that probenecid limited endothelial cell migration and capillary formation from vascular explants. The observed reduction in fibronectin cleavage under these conditions is potentially involved in the response. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that probenecid, by blunting ABCA1 activity and thereby calpain exteriorization, limits melanoma tumor neoangiogenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hanouna
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Ellie Tang
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vandermeersch
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
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Shams R, Banik NL, Haque A. Calpain in the cleavage of alpha-synuclein and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:107-124. [PMID: 31601400 PMCID: PMC8434815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) devastates 6.3 million people, ranking it as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide. PD patients may manifest symptoms of postural instability, bradykinesia, and resting tremors as a result of increasing α-synuclein aggregation and neuron death with disease progression. Therapy options are limited, and those available to patients may worsen their condition. Thus, investigations to understand disease progression may help develop therapeutic strategies for improvement of quality of life for patients suffering from PD. This review provides an overview of α-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein whose function in the healthy brain and PD pathology remains a mystery. This review also focuses on calcium-induced activation of calpain, a neutral protease, and the subsequent cascade of cellular processing of α-synuclein and emerging defense responses observed in experimental models of PD: microglial activation, dysregulation of T cells, and inflammatory responses in the brain. In addition, this review discusses the events of cross presentation of synuclein peptides by professional antigen presenting cells and microglia, induction of inflammatory responses in the periphery and brain, and emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies to attenuate neuronal death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Shams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Mikosik A, Jasiulewicz A, Daca A, Henc I, Frąckowiak JE, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Foerster J, Le Page A, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Roles of calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) in human T cell activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76479-76495. [PMID: 27835610 PMCID: PMC5363525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is determined by the speed of the T cell reaction to antigens assured by a state of readiness for proliferation and cytokine secretion. Proliferation, apoptosis and motion of many cell types are controlled by cytoplasmic proteases - μ- and m-calpain - and their inhibitor calpastatin, together forming the “calpain-calpastatin system” (CCS), assumed to modify their targets only upon activation-dependent cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase. Contrastingly to this notion, using quantitative real time PCR and semiquantitative flow cytometry respectively, we show here that the CCS genes are constitutively expressed, and that both calpains are constitutively active in resting, circulating human CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that calpain inhibition in the resting T cells prevents them from proliferation in vitro and greatly reduces secretion of multiple cytokines. The mechanistic reason for these effects of calpain inhibition on T cell functions might be the demonstrated significant reduction of the expression of active (phosphorylated) upstream signalling molecules, including the phospholipase C gamma, p56Lck and NFκB, in the inhibitor-treated cells. Thus, we propose that the constitutive, self-regulatory calpain-calpastatin system activity in resting human T cells is a necessary, controlling element of their readiness for complex and effective response to antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Clinical and Social Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aurelie Le Page
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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6
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Specific calpain inhibition protects kidney against inflammaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8016. [PMID: 28808241 PMCID: PMC5556007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are ubiquitous pro-inflammatory proteases, whose activity is controlled by calpastatin, their specific inhibitor. Transgenic mice over-expressing rabbit calpastatin (CalpTG) are protected against vascular remodelling and angiotensin II-dependent inflammation. We hypothesized that specific calpain inhibition would protect against aging-related lesions in arteries and kidneys. We analysed tissues from 2-months and 2-years-old CalpTG and wild-type mice and performed high throughput RNA-Sequencing of kidney tissue in aged mice. In addition, we analysed inflammatory response in the kidney of aged CalpTG and wild-type mice, and in both in vivo (monosodium urate peritonitis) and in vitro models of inflammation. At two years, CalpTG mice had preserved kidney tissue, less vascular remodelling and less markers of senescence than wild-type mice. Nevertheless, CalpTG mice lifespan was not extended, due to the development of lethal spleen tumors. Inflammatory pathways were less expressed in aged CalpTG mice, especially cytokines related to NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CalpTG mice had reduced macrophage infiltration with aging and CalpTG mice produced less IL-1α and IL-1β in vivo in response to inflammasome activators. In vitro, macrophages from CalpTG mice produced less IL-1α in response to particulate activators of inflammasome. Calpains inhibition protects against inflammaging, limiting kidney and vascular lesions related to aging.
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7
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Sõber S, Rull K, Reiman M, Ilisson P, Mattila P, Laan M. RNA sequencing of chorionic villi from recurrent pregnancy loss patients reveals impaired function of basic nuclear and cellular machinery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38439. [PMID: 27929073 PMCID: PMC5143936 DOI: 10.1038/srep38439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) concerns ~3% of couples aiming at childbirth. In the current study, transcriptomes and miRNomes of 1st trimester placental chorionic villi were analysed for 2 RPL cases (≥6 miscarriages) and normal, but electively terminated pregnancies (ETP; n = 8). Sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Differential expression analyses detected 51 (27%) transcripts with increased and 138 (73%) with decreased expression in RPL compared to ETP (DESeq: FDR P < 0.1 and DESeq2: <0.05). RPL samples had substantially decreased transcript levels of histones, regulatory RNAs and genes involved in telomere, spliceosome, ribosomal, mitochondrial and intra-cellular signalling functions. Downregulated expression of HIST1H1B and HIST1H4A (Wilcoxon test, fc≤0.372, P≤9.37 × 10−4) was validated in an extended sample by quantitative PCR (RPL, n = 14; ETP, n = 24). Several upregulated genes are linked to placental function and pregnancy complications: ATF4, C3, PHLDA2, GPX4, ICAM1, SLC16A2. Analysis of the miRNA-Seq dataset identified no large disturbances in RPL samples. Notably, nearly 2/3 of differentially expressed genes have binding sites for E2F transcription factors, coordinating mammalian endocycle and placental development. For a conceptus destined to miscarriage, the E2F TF-family represents a potential key coordinator in reprogramming the placental genome towards gradually stopping the maintenance of basic nuclear and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siim Sõber
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia St. 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Rull
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia St. 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa St. 8, Tartu 51014, Estonia.,Women's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa St. 8, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Mario Reiman
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia St. 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Ilisson
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories of Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa St. 2, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki FI-00014 Finland.,Finnish Red Cross Blood Service (FRCBS), Kivihaantie 7, Helsinki FI-00310, Finland
| | - Maris Laan
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia St. 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 19, 50412 Tartu, Estonia
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, F-75020, Paris, France
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Perez J, Dansou B, Hervé R, Levi C, Tamouza H, Vandermeersch S, Demey-Thomas E, Haymann JP, Zafrani L, Klatzmann D, Boissier MC, Letavernier E, Baud L. Calpains Released by T Lymphocytes Cleave TLR2 To Control IL-17 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:168-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wan F, Letavernier E, Le Saux CJ, Houssaini A, Abid S, Czibik G, Sawaki D, Marcos E, Dubois-Rande JL, Baud L, Adnot S, Derumeaux G, Gellen B. Calpastatin overexpression impairs postinfarct scar healing in mice by compromising reparative immune cell recruitment and activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1883-93. [PMID: 26453333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the calpain system is involved in the repair process following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the impact of the inhibition of calpain by calpastatin, its natural inhibitor, on scar healing and left ventricular (LV) remodeling is elusive. Male mice ubiquitously overexpressing calpastatin (TG) and wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to an anterior coronary artery ligation. Mortality at 6 wk was higher in TG mice (24% in WT vs. 44% in TG, P < 0.05) driven by a significantly higher incidence of cardiac rupture during the first week post-MI, despite comparable infarct size and LV dysfunction and dilatation. Calpain activation post-MI was blunted in TG myocardium. In TG mice, inflammatory cell infiltration and activation were reduced in the infarct zone (IZ), particularly affecting M2 macrophages and CD4(+) T cells, which are crucial for scar healing. To elucidate the role of calpastatin overexpression in macrophages, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from TG and WT mice in vitro with IL-4, yielding an abrogated M2 polarization in TG but not in WT cells. Lymphopenic Rag1(-/-) mice receiving TG splenocytes before MI demonstrated decreased T-cell recruitment and M2 macrophage activation in the IZ day 5 after MI compared with those receiving WT splenocytes. Calpastatin overexpression prevented the activation of the calpain system after MI. It also impaired scar healing, promoted LV rupture, and increased mortality. Defective scar formation was associated with blunted CD4(+) T-cell and M2-macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amal Houssaini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Serge Adnot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; Department of Cardiology, Poitiers University Hospital, F-86000, Poitiers, France
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11
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Huang W, August A. The signaling symphony: T cell receptor tunes cytokine-mediated T cell differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:477-85. [PMID: 25525115 PMCID: PMC4338847 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ri0614-293r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell development, differentiation, and maintenance are orchestrated by 2 key signaling axes: the antigen-specific TCR and cytokine-mediated signals. The TCR signals the recognition of self- and foreign antigens to control T cell homeostasis for immune tolerance and immunity, which is regulated by a variety of cytokines to determine T cell subset homeostasis and differentiation. TCR signaling can synergize with or antagonize cytokine-mediated signaling to fine tune T cell fate; however, the latter is less investigated. Murine models with attenuated TCR signaling strength have revealed that TCR signaling can function as regulatory feedback machinery for T cell homeostasis and differentiation in differential cytokine milieus, such as IL-2-mediated Treg development; IL-7-mediated, naïve CD8(+) T cell homeostasis; and IL-4-induced innate memory CD8(+) T cell development. In this review, we discuss the symphonic cross-talk between TCR and cytokine-mediated responses that differentially control T cell behavior, with a focus on the negative tuning by TCR activation on the cytokine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Understanding the interaction determinants of CAPN1 inhibition by CAST4 from bovines using molecular modeling techniques. Molecules 2014; 19:14316-51. [PMID: 25215589 PMCID: PMC6271145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV-induced CAPN activation and its effects on virus-infected cells in a host-immune system have been studied recently. It has been shown that the HCV-nonstructural 5A protein acts as both an inducer and a substrate for host CAPN protease; it participates in suppressing the TNF-α-induced apoptosis response and downstream IFN-induced antiviral processes. However, little is known regarding the disturbance of antiviral responses generated by bovine CAPN activation by BVDV, which is a surrogate model of HCV and is one of the most destructive diseases leading to great economic losses in cattle herds worldwide. This is also thought to be associated with the effects of either small CAPN inhibitors or the natural inhibitor CAST. They mainly bind to the binding site of CAPN substrate proteins and competitively inhibit the binding of the enzyme substrates to possibly defend against the two viruses (HCV and BVDV) for anti-viral immunity. To devise a new stratagem to discover lead candidates for an anti-BVDV drug, we first attempted to understand the bovine CAPN-CAST interaction sites and the interaction constraints of local binding architectures, were well reflected in the geometry between the pharmacophore features and its shape constraints identified using our modeled bovine CAPN1/CAST4 complex structures. We propose a computer-aided molecular design of an anti-BVDV drug as a mimetic CAST inhibitor to develop a rule-based screening function for adjusting the puzzle of relationship between bovine CAPN1 and the BVDV nonstructural proteins from all of the data obtained in the study.
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Raimbourg Q, Perez J, Vandermeersch S, Prignon A, Hanouna G, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. The calpain/calpastatin system has opposing roles in growth and metastatic dissemination of melanoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60469. [PMID: 23565252 PMCID: PMC3614974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional calpains are ubiquitous cysteine proteases whose activity is promoted by calcium signaling and specifically limited by calpastatin. Calpain expression has been shown to be increased in human malignant cells, but the contribution of the calpain/calpastatin system in tumorigenesis remains unclear. It may play an important role in tumor cells themselves (cell growth, migration, and a contrario cell death) and/or in tumor niche (tissue infiltration by immune cells, neo-angiogenesis). In this study, we have used a mouse model of melanoma as a tool to gain further understanding of the role of calpains in tumor progression. To determine the respective importance of each target, we overexpressed calpastatin in tumor and/or host in isolation. Our data demonstrate that calpain inhibition in both tumor and host blunts tumor growth, while paradoxically increasing metastatic dissemination to regional lymph nodes. Specifically, calpain inhibition in melanoma cells limits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo but increases dissemination by amplifying cell resistance to apoptosis and accelerating migration process. Meanwhile, calpain inhibition restricted to host cells blunts tumor infiltration by immune cells and angiogenesis required for antitumor immunity, allowing tumor cells to escape tumor niche and disseminate. The development of highly specific calpain inhibitors with potential medical applications in cancer should take into account the opposing roles of the calpain/calpastatin system in initial tumor growth and subsequent metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Raimbourg
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vandermeersch
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Prignon
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hanouna
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Hu Y, He L, Wang S, Zhou H, Liu S. Icaritin inhibits T cell activation and prolongs skin allograft survival in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:1-7. [PMID: 22406176 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Icaritin is a native compound from Epimedium Genus, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which is effective in treating asthma, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. In the present paper, the immunosuppressive effects of icaritin were found through in vitro and in vivo studies. Icaritin could dose-dependently inhibit murine CD4(+) T cells proliferation stimulated with mitogens or specific antigen ovabumin (OVA). Icaritin at 0.25-25μM could down-regulate T cell activation marker CD25 expression and inhibit IL-2 production. It could also reduce the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ production significantly if the T cells were activated by ConA or anti-CD3; while the inhibition of IL-4 secretion was only seen on anti-CD3 activated T cells treated with low concentrations of icaritin. In vivo study showed that treatment of icaritin at 10mg/kg/day on mice could suppress the immune response with prolonged allograft skin survival. Further study demonstrated that it reduced the alloantigen-induced splenocytes proliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokines. It could also increase NF-AT luciferase activity in Jurkat-NF-AT-luc T cells. The above results suggested that icaritin might be used to treat Th1 dominated immune diseases by interfering T cells activation with mechanism different to CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Letavernier B, Zafrani L, Nassar D, Perez J, Levi C, Bellocq A, Mesnard L, Sachon E, Haymann JP, Aractingi S, Faussat AM, Baud L, Letavernier E. Calpains Contribute to Vascular Repair in Rapidly Progressive Form of Glomerulonephritis: Potential Role of Their Externalization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:335-42. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.240242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Letavernier
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Lara Zafrani
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Dany Nassar
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Joëlle Perez
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Charlène Levi
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Agnès Bellocq
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Selim Aractingi
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Anne-Marie Faussat
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Laurent Baud
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- From the INSERM (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), U702, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (B.L., L.Z., J.P., C.L., A.B., L.M., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), UMRS702, Paris, France; AP HP (A.B., J.-P.H., L.B., E.L.), Tenon Hospital, Department of Physiology, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and INSERM UMR_S938 (D.N., S.A.), Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (E.S.), UMR7203 CNRS, Paris,
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16
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Iguchi-Hashimoto M, Usui T, Yoshifuji H, Shimizu M, Kobayashi S, Ito Y, Murakami K, Shiomi A, Yukawa N, Kawabata D, Nojima T, Ohmura K, Fujii T, Mimori T. Overexpression of a minimal domain of calpastatin suppresses IL-6 production and Th17 development via reduced NF-κB and increased STAT5 signals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27020. [PMID: 22046434 PMCID: PMC3203168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, is reportedly involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, autoantibodies against calpastatin, a natural and specific inhibitor of calpain, are widely observed in RA. We previously reported that E-64-d, a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor, is effective in treating experimental arthritis. However, the exact role of the calpastatin-calpain balance in primary inflammatory cells remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of calpain-specific inhibition by overexpressing a minimal functional domain of calpastatin in primary helper T (Th) cells, primary fibroblasts from RA patients, and fibroblast cell lines. We found that the calpastatin-calpain balance varied during Th1, Th2, and Th17 development, and that overexpression of a minimal domain of calpastatin (by retroviral gene transduction) or the inhibition of calpain by E-64-d suppressed the production of IL-6 and IL-17 by Th cells and the production of IL-6 by fibroblasts. These suppressions were associated with reductions in RORγt expression and STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibiting calpain by silencing its small regulatory subunit (CPNS) suppressed Th17 development. We also confirmed that overexpressing a minimal domain of calpastatin suppressed IL-6 by reducing NF-κB signaling via the stabilization of IκBα, without affecting the upstream signal. Moreover, our findings indicated that calpastatin overexpression suppressed IL-17 production by Th cells by up-regulating the STAT5 signal. Finally, overexpression of a minimal domain of calpastatin suppressed IL-6 production efficiently in primary fibroblasts derived from the RA synovium. These findings suggest that inhibiting calpain by overexpressing a minimal domain of calpastatin could coordinately suppress proinflammatory activities, not only those of Th cells but also of synovial fibroblasts. Thus, this strategy may prove viable as a candidate treatment for inflammatory diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Iguchi-Hashimoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Usui
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shimizu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shio Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aoi Shiomi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoichiro Yukawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawabata
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaki Nojima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Huang Z, Hoffmann FW, Norton RL, Hashimoto AC, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein K is a novel target of m-calpain, and cleavage is regulated by Toll-like receptor-induced calpastatin in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34830-8. [PMID: 21849499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are proteolytic enzymes that modulate cellular function through cleavage of targets, thereby modifying their actions. An important role is emerging for calpains in regulating inflammation and immune responses, although specific mechanisms by which this occurs have not been clearly defined. In this study, we identify a novel target of calpain, selenoprotein K (SelK), which is an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein important for Ca(2+) flux in immune cells. Calpain-mediated cleavage of SelK was detected in myeloid cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) but not in lymphoid cells (B and T cells). Both m- and μ-calpain were capable of cleaving immunoprecipitated SelK, but m-calpain was the predominant isoform expressed in mouse immune cells. Consistent with these results, specific inhibitors were used to show that only m-calpain cleaved SelK in macrophages. The cleavage site in SelK was identified between Arg(81) and Gly(82) and the resulting truncated SelK was shown to lack selenocysteine, the amino acid that defines selenoproteins. Resting macrophages predominantly expressed cleaved SelK and, when activated through different Toll-like receptors (TLRs), SelK cleavage was inhibited. We found that decreased calpain cleavage was due to TLR-induced up-regulation of the endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin. TLR-induced calpastatin expression not only inhibited SelK cleavage, but cleavage of another calpain target, talin. Moreover, the expression of the calpain isoforms and calpastatin in macrophages were different from T and B cells. Overall, our findings identify SelK as a novel calpain target and reveal dynamic changes in the calpain/calpastatin system during TLR-induced activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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