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Lu S, Mattox AK, Aitana Azurmendi P, Christodoulou I, Wright KM, Popoli M, Chen Z, Sur S, Li Y, Bonifant CL, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Zhou S, Gabelli SB, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. The rapid and highly parallel identification of antibodies with defined biological activities by SLISY. Nat Commun 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 36596784 PMCID: PMC9808734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic applications of antibodies are manifold and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 provides a cogent example of the value of rapidly identifying biologically active antibodies. We describe an approach called SLISY (Sequencing-Linked ImmunoSorbent assaY) that in a single experiment can assess the binding specificity of millions of clones, be applied to any screen that links DNA sequence to a potential binding moiety, and requires only a single round of biopanning. We demonstrate this approach using an scFv library applied to cellular and protein targets to identify specific or broadly reacting antibodies. For a cellular target, we use paired HLA knockout cell lines to identify a panel of antibodies specific to HLA-A3. For a protein target, SLISY identifies 1279 clones that bound to the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with >40% of tested clones also neutralizing its interaction with ACE2 in in vitro assays. Using a multi-comparison SLISY against the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, we recovered clones that exhibited broad-spectrum neutralizing potential in vitro. By evaluating millions of scFvs simultaneously against multiple targets, SLISY allows the rapid identification of candidate scFvs with defined binding profiles facilitating the identification of antibodies with the desired biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lu
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Austin K Mattox
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - P Aitana Azurmendi
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ilias Christodoulou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Maria Popoli
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Surojit Sur
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Challice L Bonifant
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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2
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Li Y, Jiang W, Mellins ED. TCR-like antibodies targeting autoantigen-mhc complexes: a mini-review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968432. [PMID: 35967436 PMCID: PMC9363607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize peptide antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (p/MHC) that are expressed on cell surfaces; while B cell-derived antibodies (Abs) recognize soluble or cell surface native antigens of various types (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.). Immune surveillance by T and B cells thus inspects almost all formats of antigens to mount adaptive immune responses against cancer cells, infectious organisms and other foreign insults, while maintaining tolerance to self-tissues. With contributions from environmental triggers, the development of autoimmune disease is thought to be due to the expression of MHC risk alleles by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) presenting self-antigen (autoantigen), breaking through self-tolerance and activating autoreactive T cells, which orchestrate downstream pathologic events. Investigating and treating autoimmune diseases have been challenging, both because of the intrinsic complexity of these diseases and the need for tools targeting T cell epitopes (autoantigen-MHC). Naturally occurring TCRs with relatively low (micromolar) affinities to p/MHC are suboptimal for autoantigen-MHC targeting, whereas the use of engineered TCRs and their derivatives (e.g., TCR multimers and TCR-engineered T cells) are limited by unpredictable cross-reactivity. As Abs generally have nanomolar affinity, recent advances in engineering TCR-like (TCRL) Abs promise advantages over their TCR counterparts for autoantigen-MHC targeting. Here, we compare the p/MHC binding by TCRs and TCRL Abs, review the strategies for generation of TCRL Abs, highlight their application for identification of autoantigen-presenting APCs, and discuss future directions and limitations of TCRL Abs as immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Jiang, ; Elizabeth D. Mellins,
| | - Elizabeth D. Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Jiang, ; Elizabeth D. Mellins,
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3
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Dass SA, Selva Rajan R, Tye GJ, Balakrishnan V. The potential applications of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody in cervical cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2981-2994. [PMID: 33989511 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1913960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is ranked as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Monoclonal antibody has created a new dimension in the immunotherapy of many diseases, including cervical cancer. The antibody's ability to target various aspects of cervical cancer (oncoviruses, oncoproteins, and signaling pathways) delivers a promising future for efficient immunotherapy. Besides, technologies such as hybridoma and phage display provide a fundamental platform for monoclonal antibody generation and create the opportunity to generate novel antibody classes including, T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody. In this review, the current immunotherapy strategies for cervical cancer are presented. We have also proposed a novel concept of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody and its potential applications for enhancing cervical cancer therapeutics. Finally, the possible challenges in TCR-like antibody application for cervical cancer therapeutics have been addressed, and strategies to overcome the challenges have been highlighted to maximize the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Rehasri Selva Rajan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
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4
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Ying G, Wang J, Mallevaey T, Van Calenbergh S, Zajonc DM. Structural basis of NKT cell inhibition using the T-cell receptor-blocking anti-CD1d antibody 1B1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12947-12956. [PMID: 31296659 PMCID: PMC6721955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule (CD1d). They rapidly respond to antigen challenge and can activate both innate and adaptive immune cells. To study the role of antigen presentation in NKT cell activation, previous studies have developed several anti-CD1d antibodies that block CD1d binding to T-cell receptors (TCRs). Antibodies that are specific to both CD1d and the presented antigen can only be used to study the function of only a limited number of antigens. In contrast, antibodies that bind CD1d and block TCR binding regardless of the presented antigen can be widely used to assess the role of TCR-mediated NKT cell activation in various disease models. Here, we report the crystal structure of the widely used anti-mouse CD1d antibody 1B1 bound to CD1d at a resolution of 2.45 Å and characterized its binding to CD1d-presented glycolipids. We observed that 1B1 uses a long hydrophobic H3 loop that is inserted deep into the binding groove of CD1d where it makes intimate nonpolar contacts with the lipid backbone of an incorporated spacer lipid. Using an NKT cell agonist that has a modified sphingosine moiety, we further demonstrate that 1B1 in its monovalent form cannot block TCR-mediated NKT cell activation, because 1B1 fails to bind with high affinity to mCD1d. Our results suggest potential limitations of using 1B1 to assess antigen recognition by NKT cells, especially when investigating antigens that do not follow the canonical two alkyl-chain rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ying
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer, San Diego, CA 92121. E-mail:
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5
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Targeting the MHC Ligandome by Use of TCR-Like Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8020032. [PMID: 31544838 PMCID: PMC6640717 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable as research reagents, in diagnosis and in therapy. Their high specificity, the ease in production, favorable biophysical properties and the opportunity to engineer different properties make mAbs a versatile class of biologics. mAbs targeting peptide–major histocompatibility molecule (pMHC) complexes are often referred to as “TCR-like” mAbs, as pMHC complexes are generally recognized by T-cell receptors (TCRs). Presentation of self- and non-self-derived peptide fragments on MHC molecules and subsequent activation of T cells dictate immune responses in health and disease. This includes responses to infectious agents or cancer but also aberrant responses against harmless self-peptides in autoimmune diseases. The ability of TCR-like mAbs to target specific peptides presented on MHC allows for their use to study peptide presentation or for diagnosis and therapy. This extends the scope of conventional mAbs, which are generally limited to cell-surface or soluble antigens. Herein, we review the strategies used to generate TCR-like mAbs and provide a structural comparison with the analogous TCR in pMHC binding. We further discuss their applications as research tools and therapeutic reagents in preclinical models as well as challenges and limitations associated with their use.
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6
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Benedek G, Meza-Romero R, Bourdette D, Vandenbark AA. The use of flow cytometry to assess a novel drug efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:877-84. [PMID: 25502010 PMCID: PMC4465883 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Applying different technologies to monitor disease activity and treatment efficacy are essential in a complex disease such as multiple sclerosis. Combining current assays with flow cytometry could create a powerful tool for such analyses. The cell surface expression level of CD74, the MHC class II invariant chain, is a potential disease biomarker that could be monitored by FACS analysis in order to assess disease progression and the clinical efficacy of partial MHC class II constructs in treating MS. These constructs, which can bind to and down-regulate CD74 cell-surface expression on monocytes and inhibit macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) effects, can reverse clinical and histological signs of EAE. These properties of partial class II constructs are highly compatible with a flow cytometry approach for monitoring CD74 expression as a possible biomarker for disease activity/progression and as a treatment response marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Sr. Research Career Scientist, Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
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7
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Haji-Ghassemi O, Blackler RJ, Martin Young N, Evans SV. Antibody recognition of carbohydrate epitopes†. Glycobiology 2015; 25:920-52. [PMID: 26033938 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens are valuable as components of vaccines for bacterial infectious agents and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and for generating immunotherapeutics against cancer. The crystal structures of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in complex with antigen reveal the key features of antigen recognition and provide information that can guide the design of vaccines, particularly synthetic ones. This review summarizes structural features of anti-carbohydrate antibodies to over 20 antigens, based on six categories of glyco-antigen: (i) the glycan shield of HIV glycoproteins; (ii) tumor epitopes; (iii) glycolipids and blood group A antigen; (iv) internal epitopes of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; (v) terminal epitopes on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, including a group of antibodies to Kdo-containing Chlamydia epitopes; and (vi) linear homopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
| | - Ryan J Blackler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
| | - N Martin Young
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Stephen V Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
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8
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Dahan R, Gebe JA, Preisinger A, James EA, Tendler M, Nepom GT, Reiter Y. Antigen-specific immunomodulation for type 1 diabetes by novel recombinant antibodies directed against diabetes-associates auto-reactive T cell epitope. J Autoimmun 2013; 47:83-93. [PMID: 24090977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The trimolecular complex composed of autoreactive T-cell receptor, MHC class II, and an autoantigenic peptide plays a central role in the activation of pathogenic Islet-specific CD4+ T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We isolated and characterized novel antibodies against autoreactive T-cell epitopes associated with T1D. Our antibodies mimic the specificity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), while binding MHC class II/peptide complexes in an autoantigen peptide specific, MHC-restricted manner. The isolated TCR-like antibodies were directed against the minimal T-cell epitope GAD-555-567 in the context of the HLA-DR4-diabetic-associated molecule. A representative high-affinity TCR-like antibody clone (G3H8) enabled the detection of intra- and extra-cellular DR4/GAD-555-567 complexes in antigen presenting cells. I561M single mutation at the central position (P5) of the GAD-555-567 peptide abolished the binding of G3H8 to the DR4/GAD complex, demonstrating its high fine TCR-like specificity. The G3H8 TCR-like antibody significantly inhibited GAD-555-567 specific, DR4 restricted T-cell response in vitro and in vivo in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. Our findings constitute a proof-of-concept for the utility of TCR-like antibodies as antigen-specific immunomodulation agents for regulating pathogenic T-cells and suggest that TCR-like antibodies targeting autoreactive MHC class II epitopes are valuable research tools that enable studies related to antigen presentation as well as novel therapeutic agents that may be used to modulate autoimmune disorders such as T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Dahan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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9
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Vandenbark AA, Meza-Romero R, Benedek G, Andrew S, Huan J, Chou YK, Buenafe AC, Dahan R, Reiter Y, Mooney JL, Offner H, Burrows GG. A novel regulatory pathway for autoimmune disease: binding of partial MHC class II constructs to monocytes reduces CD74 expression and induces both specific and bystander T-cell tolerance. J Autoimmun 2012; 40:96-110. [PMID: 23026773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with partial (p)MHC class II-β1α1 constructs (also referred to as recombinant T-cell receptor ligands - RTL) linked to antigenic peptides can induce T-cell tolerance, inhibit recruitment of inflammatory cells and reverse autoimmune diseases. Here we demonstrate a novel regulatory pathway that involves RTL binding to CD11b(+) mononuclear cells through a receptor comprised of MHC class II invariant chain (CD74), cell-surface histones and MHC class II itself for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Binding of RTL constructs with CD74 involved a previously unrecognized MHC class II-α1/CD74 interaction that inhibited CD74 expression, blocked activity of its ligand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and reduced EAE severity. These findings implicate binding of RTL constructs to CD74 as a key step in both antigen-driven and bystander T-cell tolerance important in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Vandenbark
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shayne Andrew
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianya Huan
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yuan K Chou
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Abigail C Buenafe
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rony Dahan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Reiter
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jeffery L Mooney
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gregory G Burrows
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, UHS-46, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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10
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Bazan J, Całkosiński I, Gamian A. Phage display--a powerful technique for immunotherapy: 1. Introduction and potential of therapeutic applications. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1817-28. [PMID: 22906939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective molecular diversity techniques is phage display. This technology is based on a direct linkage between phage phenotype and its encapsulated genotype, which leads to presentation of molecule libraries on the phage surface. Phage display is utilized in studying protein-ligand interactions, receptor binding sites and in improving or modifying the affinity of proteins for their binding partners. Generating monoclonal antibodies and improving their affinity, cloning antibodies from unstable hybridoma cells and identifying epitopes, mimotopes and functional or accessible sites from antigens are also important advantages of this technology. Techniques originating from phage display have been applied to transfusion medicine, neurological disorders, mapping vascular addresses and tissue homing of peptides. Phages have been applicable to immunization therapies, which may lead to development of new tools used for treating autoimmune and cancer diseases. This review describes the phage display technology and presents the recent advancements in therapeutic applications of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bazan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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Burrows GG, Meza-Romero R, Huan J, Sinha S, Mooney JL, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Gilt required for RTL550-CYS-MOG to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:143-9. [PMID: 22392628 PMCID: PMC3348371 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II-derived recombinant T cell receptor ligands (RTLs) modulate the behavior of pathogenic T cells and can reverse clinical and histological signs of autoimmune disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and are currently in clinical trials for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). To expand the utility of these rationally-designed biologics and explore their mechanism(s) of activity in vivo, we have engineered RTL constructs bearing cysteine-tethered antigenic peptides and demonstrate that the appropriate cysteine-tethered RTLs effectively treat EAE. The data presented here suggests that the mechanism by which antigen-specific tolerance induction by RTLs bearing cysteine-tethered antigenic peptides in vivo involves delivery of RTL/antigen to endosomal compartments for processing and re-presentation by full-length MHC class II, with RTLs bearing cysteine-tethered antigenic peptides requiring gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol-reductase (GILT) for therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Burrows
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239, USA.
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12
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Yu ED, Girardi E, Wang J, Mac TT, Yu KOA, Van Calenbergh S, Porcelli SA, Zajonc DM. Structural basis for the recognition of C20:2-αGalCer by the invariant natural killer T cell receptor-like antibody L363. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1269-78. [PMID: 22110136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells express a semi-invariant Vα14 T cell receptor (TCR) and recognize structurally diverse antigens presented by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d that range from phosphoglycerolipids to α- and β-anomeric glycosphingolipids, as well as microbial α-glycosyl diacylglycerolipids. Recently developed antibodies that are specific for the complex of the prototypical invariant NKT (iNKT) cell antigen αGalCer (KRN7000) bound to mouse CD1d have become valuable tools in elucidating the mechanism of antigen loading and presentation. Here, we report the 3.1 Å resolution crystal structure of the Fab of one of these antibodies, L363, bound to mCD1d complexed with the αGalCer analog C20:2, revealing that L363 is an iNKT TCR-like antibody that binds CD1d-presented αGalCer in a manner similar to the TCR. The structure reveals that L363 depends on both the L and H chains for binding to the glycolipid-mCD1d complex, although only the L chain is involved in contacts with the glycolipid antigen. The H chain of L363 features residue Trp-104, which mimics the TCR CDR3α residue Leu-99, which is crucial for CD1d binding. We characterized the antigen-specificity of L363 toward several different glycolipids, demonstrating that whereas the TCR can induce structural changes in both antigen and CD1d to recognize disparate lipid antigens, the antibody L363 can only induce the F' roof formation in CD1d but fails to reorient the glycolipid headgroup necessary for binding. In summary, L363 is a powerful tool to study mechanism of iNKT cell activation for structural analogs of KRN7000, and our study can aid in the design of antibodies with altered antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dawen Yu
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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