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Wachtendorf S, Jonin F, Ochel A, Heinrich F, Westendorf AM, Tiegs G, Neumann K. The ST2 + Treg/amphiregulin axis protects from immune-mediated hepatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1351405. [PMID: 38571949 PMCID: PMC10987816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The alarmin IL-33 has been implicated in the pathology of immune-mediated liver diseases. IL-33 activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing the IL-33 receptor ST2. We have previously shown that endogenous IL-33/ST2 signaling activates ILC2s that aggravate liver injury in murine immune-mediated hepatitis. However, treatment of mice with exogenous IL-33 before induction of hepatitis ameliorated disease severity. Since IL-33 induces expression of amphiregulin (AREG) crucial for Treg function, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of the ST2+ Treg/AREG axis in immune-mediated hepatitis. Methods C57BL/6, ST2-deficient (Il1rl1-/-) and Areg-/- mice received concanavalin A to induce immune-mediated hepatitis. Foxp3Cre+ x ST2fl/fl mice were pre-treated with IL-33 before induction of immune-mediated hepatitis. Treg function was assessed by adoptive transfer experiments and suppression assays. The effects of AREG and IL-33 on ST2+ Tregs and ILC2s were investigated in vitro. Immune cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results and discussion We identified IL-33-responsive ST2+ Tregs as an effector Treg subset in the murine liver, which was highly activated in immune-mediated hepatitis. Lack of endogenous IL-33 signaling in Il1rl1-/- mice aggravated disease pathology. This was associated with reduced Treg activation. Adoptive transfer of exogenous IL-33-activated ST2+ Tregs before induction of hepatitis suppressed inflammatory T-cell responses and ameliorated disease pathology. We further showed increased expression of AREG by hepatic ST2+ Tregs and ILC2s in immune-mediated hepatitis. Areg-/- mice developed more severe liver injury, which was associated with enhanced ILC2 activation and less ST2+ Tregs in the inflamed liver. Exogenous AREG suppressed ILC2 cytokine expression and enhanced ST2+ Treg activation in vitro. In addition, Tregs from Areg-/- mice were impaired in their capacity to suppress CD4+ T-cell activation in vitro. Moreover, application of exogenous IL-33 before disease induction did not protect Foxp3Cre+ x ST2fl/fl mice lacking ST2+ Tregs from immune-mediated hepatitis. In summary, we describe an immunoregulatory role of the ST2+ Treg/AREG axis in immune-mediated hepatitis, in which AREG suppresses the activation of hepatic ILC2s while maintaining ST2+ Tregs and reinforcing their immunosuppressive capacity in liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Wachtendorf
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fitriasari Jonin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Ochel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Gao TC, Wang CH, Wang YQ, Mi WL. IL-33/ST2 Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pain and Itch. Neuroscience 2023; 529:16-22. [PMID: 37574108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an inflammatory factor with an extensive range of biological effects and pleiotropic roles in diseases. Evidence suggests that IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play a pivotal role in chronic pain and itch at the level of primary sensory neurons, the spinal cord, and the brain. In this review, we outline an evolving understanding of the roles and mechanisms of IL-33 in chronic pathological pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, and cancer, and chronic pruritus, such as allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and dry skin. Understanding the key roles of IL-33/ST2 signaling may provide exciting insights into the mechanisms of chronic pain and itch and lead to new clues for therapeutic approaches to the resolution of chronic pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Chi Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Xu L, Yang Y, Wen Y, Jeong JM, Emontzpohl C, Atkins CL, Sun Z, Poulsen KL, Hall DR, Steve Bynon J, Gao B, Lee WM, Rule J, Jacobsen EA, Wang H, Ju C. Hepatic recruitment of eosinophils and their protective function during acute liver injury. J Hepatol 2022; 77:344-352. [PMID: 35259470 PMCID: PMC9308653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Beyond the classical description of eosinophil functions in parasite infections and allergic diseases, emerging evidence supports a critical role of eosinophils in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue remodeling. However, the role of eosinophils in liver injury and the underlying mechanism of their recruitment into the liver remain unclear. METHODS Hepatic eosinophils were detected and quantified using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. Eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGata1) mice were used to investigate the role of eosinophils in 3 models of acute liver injury. In vivo experiments using Il33-/- mice and macrophage-depleted mice, as well as in vitro cultures of eosinophils and macrophages, were performed to interrogate the mechanism of eotaxin-2 (CCL24) production. RESULTS Hepatic accumulation of eosinophils was observed in patients with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure, whereas few eosinophils were detectable in healthy liver tissues. In mice treated with APAP, carbon tetrachloride or concanavalin A, eosinophils were recruited into the liver and played a profound protective role. Mice deficient of macrophages or IL-33 exhibited impaired hepatic eosinophil recruitment during acute liver injury. CCL24, but not CCL11, was increased after treatment of each hepatotoxin in an IL-33 and macrophage-dependent manner. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-33, by stimulating IL-4 release from eosinophils, promoted the production of CCL24 by macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that hepatic recruitment of and protection by eosinophils occur commonly in various models of acute liver injury. Our findings support further exploration of eosinophils as a therapeutic target to treat APAP-induced acute liver injury. LAY SUMMARY The current study unveils that eosinophils are recruited into the liver and play a protective function during acute liver injury caused by acetaminophen overdose. The data demonstrate that IL-33-activated eosinophils trigger macrophages to release high amounts of CCL24, which promotes hepatic eosinophil recruitment. Our findings suggest that eosinophils could be an effective cell-based therapy for the treatment of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constance L Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William M Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jody Rule
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A critical review of its biology and the mechanisms involved in its release as a potent extracellular cytokine. Cytokine 2022; 156:155891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tiegs G, Horst AK. TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:445-459. [PMID: 35122118 PMCID: PMC9256556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang Z, Wu L, Pan B, Chen Y, Zhang T, Tang N. Interleukin 33 mediates hepatocyte autophagy and innate immune response in the early phase of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Toxicology 2021; 456:152788. [PMID: 33887374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite interleukin 33 (IL-33) functions as an "alarmin" released from hepatic dead cells in response to tissue damages, the interrelationship between IL-33-mediated hepatocyte autophagy and innate immune response in the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) process remains obscure. This study aimed to explore the regulation of IL-33 on hepatocyte autophagy and macrophage polarization after APAP challenge in vivo and vitro. We found IL-33 released from hepatic necrosis was elevated in the AILI mouse model. Blockage of IL-33 exacerbated liver injury by consuming liver-resident macrophages cells (Kupffer cells, KCs) and promoting hepatic inflammatory factors secretion, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the early phase of liver injury. Interestingly, IL-33 deficiency further activated hepatocyte autophagy and disrupted M2 macrophage polarization post-APAP challenge in vivo and vitro, which can be reversed by recombinant IL-33 treatment. Mechanistically, administration of IL-33 can directly enhance M2 polarization via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activate protective hepatocyte autophagy via AMPKα/mTOR signaling pathway in the AILI process. In conclusion, our data firstly demonstrates that IL-33 exerts protective effects on hepatocytes through the activation of autophagy and functions as an innate immunity regulator mediating macrophage polarization in the early phase of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linqing Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Banglun Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yizhong Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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7
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Khan HA, Munir T, Khan JA, Shafia Tehseen Gul AH, Ahmad MZ, Aslam MA, Umar MN, Arshad MI. IL-33 ameliorates liver injury and inflammation in Poly I:C and Concanavalin-A induced acute hepatitis. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104716. [PMID: 33383149 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies and IL-33 is over-expressed in mouse hepatitis models. We aimed to investigate the proposed protective effect of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) viral mimetic, Poly I:C or by Concanavalin-A (ConA). The Balb/C mice were administered intravenously with ConA (15 mg/kg) or Poly I:C (30 μg/mouse) to induce acute hepatitis along with vehicle control. The recombinant mouse IL-33 (rIL-33) was injected (0.2 μg/mouse) to mice 2 h prior to ConA or Poly I:C injection to check its hepato-protective effects. The gross lesions, level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathology (H&E staining) and levels of IFNγ and TNFα were measured by ELISA. The gross pathological liver injury induced by Poly I:C or ConA was reduced by rIL-33 administration in mice. The levels of AST and ALT were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in mice challenged with Poly I:C or ConA in comparison to control mice. The rIL-33 pre-treated mice in both Poly I:C and ConA challenge groups showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower levels of AST and ALT, and decreased liver injury (parenchymal and per-vascular necrotic areas) in histological liver sections. The soluble levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) raised in Poly I:C or ConA challenged mice than control mice. The levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in rIL-33 pre-treated mice. In conclusion, the exogenous IL-33 administration mitigated liver injury and inflammation (decreased levels of IFNγ and TNFα) in Poly I:C and ConA-induced acute hepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Munir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zishan Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Duez C, Gross B, Marquillies P, Ledroit V, Ryffel B, Glineur C. Regulation of IL (Interleukin)-33 Production in Endothelial Cells via Kinase Activation and Fas/CD95 Upregulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2619-2631. [PMID: 32907372 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The occurrence of new blood vessel formation in the lungs of asthmatic patients suggests a critical role for airway endothelial cells (ECs) in the disease. IL-33 (Interleukin-33)-a cytokine abundantly expressed in human lung ECs-recently emerged as a key factor in the development of allergic diseases, including asthma. In the present study, we evaluated whether mouse and human ECs exposed to the common Dermatophagoides farinae allergen produce IL-33 and characterized the activated signaling pathways. Approach and Results: Mouse primary lung ECs were exposed in vitro to D farinae extract or rmIL-33 (recombinant murine IL-33). Both D farinae and rmIL-33 induced Il-33 transcription without increasing the IL-33 production and upregulated the expression of its receptor, as well as genes involved in angiogenesis and the regulation of immune responses. In particular, D farinae and rmIL-33 upregulated Fas/Cd95 transcript level, yet without promoting apoptosis. Inhibition of caspases involved in the Fas signaling pathway, increased IL-33 protein level in ECs, suggesting that Fas may decrease IL-33 level through caspase-8-dependent mechanisms. Our data also showed that the NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways regulate Il-33 transcription in both mouse and human primary ECs. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we described a new mechanism involved in the control of IL-33 production in lung ECs exposed to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duez
- CNRS UMR 9017, Inserm U1019, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (C.D., P.M., V.L., C.G.), CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, France
| | - Barbara Gross
- Inserm U1011-EGID (B.G.), CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marquillies
- CNRS UMR 9017, Inserm U1019, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (C.D., P.M., V.L., C.G.), CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, France
| | - Valérie Ledroit
- CNRS UMR 9017, Inserm U1019, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (C.D., P.M., V.L., C.G.), CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR 7355, University of Orleans, France (B.R.)
| | - Corine Glineur
- CNRS UMR 9017, Inserm U1019, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (C.D., P.M., V.L., C.G.), CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, France
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9
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Ge W, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Sun Q, Yang X, Xu X, Zhang J. Decreased T-cell mediated hepatic injury in concanavalin A-treated PLRP2-deficient mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106604. [PMID: 32428799 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) activates innate immunity and causes liver damage mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mice. The Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) is induced by interleukin (IL)-4 in vitro in CTLs and associated with CTL functions. We examined the role of PLRP2 in a mouse model of Con A-induced T cell-mediated hepatitis. PLRP2-knockout and wild-type (WT) mice were inoculated with 20 mg/kg Con A. Mice lacking PLRP2 reduced Con A-induced hepatitis, which was manifested by a decrease in serum aminotransferase and histopathological assessment. The expression and secretion of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β were suppressed in Con A-treated PLRP2-knockout mice. In PLRP2 knockout mice, Con A-induced liver chemokines and adhesion molecules (such as MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ICAM-1 and MCP-1) were also down regulated. In the WT liver treated with Con A, the number of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophages (CD11b+ F4/80+) increased significantly, while the lack of PLRP2 reduced the number of T cells in the liver, but had no effect on macrophages. The shift of the metabolic profiles was impaired in Con A-treated PLRP2-knockout mice compared to WT mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that PLRP2 deficiency reduces T-cell mediated Con A-induced hepatitis, and suggest PLRP2 is a potential target of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs to treat immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Dhanushkodi NR, Srivastava R, Prakash S, Roy S, Coulon PGA, Vahed H, Nguyen AM, Salazar S, Nguyen L, Amezquita C, Ye C, Nguyen V, BenMohamed L. High Frequency of Gamma Interferon-Producing PLZF loRORγt lo Invariant Natural Killer 1 Cells Infiltrating Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Corneas Is Associated with Asymptomatic Ocular Herpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e00140-20. [PMID: 32102882 PMCID: PMC7163123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00140-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells are among the first innate immune cells to elicit early protective immunity that controls invading viral pathogens. The role of the iNKT cell subsets iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 in herpesvirus immunity remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the protective role of cornea-resident iNKT cell subsets using the mouse model of ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mice and CD1d knockout (KO) mice were infected ocularly with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (strain McKrae). Cornea, spleen, and liver were harvested at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 14 days postinfection (p.i.), and the frequency and function of the three major iNKT cell subsets were analyzed and correlated with symptomatic and asymptomatic corneal herpesvirus infections. The profiles of 16 major pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in corneal lysates using Western blot and Luminex assays. Early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., day 2), the gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing PLZFloRORγtlo (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT) iNKT1 cell subset was the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected asymptomatic corneas. Moreover, compared to the asymptomatic corneas of HSV-1-infected WT mice, the symptomatic corneas CD1d KO mice, with iNKT cell deficiency, had increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. Our findings suggest that IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells play a role in the protective innate immune response against symptomatic ocular herpes.IMPORTANCE We investigated the protective role of iNKT cell subsets in asymptomatic ocular herpesvirus infection. We found that early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., on day 2 postinfection), IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells were the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected corneas of asymptomatic B6 mice (with little to no corneal herpetic disease), compared to corneas of symptomatic mice (with severe corneal herpetic disease). Moreover, compared to asymptomatic corneas of wild-type (WT) B6 mice, the symptomatic corneas of CD1d KO mice, which lack iNKT cells, showed (i) decreases in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12, (ii) an increase in the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6; and (iii) downregulation of the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 pathways. The findings suggest that early during ocular herpesvirus infection, cornea-resident IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells provide protection from symptomatic ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire A Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela M Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Salazar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vivianna Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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11
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Barbier L, Ferhat M, Salamé E, Robin A, Herbelin A, Gombert JM, Silvain C, Barbarin A. Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines: Keystones in Liver Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2014. [PMID: 31507607 PMCID: PMC6718562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrogenic property being the first activity described, members of the interleukin-1 superfamily (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and the newest members: IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) are now known to be involved in several inflammatory diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, viral and parasite infections, and auto-inflammatory syndromes as well as liver diseases. Inflammation processes are keystones of chronic liver diseases, of which the etiology may be viral or toxic, as in alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver diseases. Inflammation is also at stake in acute liver failure involving massive necrosis, and in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the setting of liver transplantation. The role of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and receptors in liver diseases can be either protective or pro-inflammatory, depending on timing and the environment. Our review provides an overview of current understanding of the IL-1 family members in liver inflammation, highlighting recent key investigations, and therapeutic perspectives. We have tried to apply the concept of trained immunity to liver diseases, based on the role of the members of the IL-1 superfamily, first of all IL-1β but also IL-18 and IL-33, in modulating innate lymphoid immunity carried by natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells or innate T-αβ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barbier
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
| | | | - Ephrem Salamé
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Robin
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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12
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Abe K, Takahashi A, Fujita M, Hayashi M, Okai K, Nozawa Y, Ohira H. Interleukin-33/ST2-Mediated Inflammation Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis and Severity of Type I Autoimmune Hepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:670-684. [PMID: 31061955 PMCID: PMC6492473 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐33 was recently described as a new member of the IL‐1 family; members of this family have proinflammatory activity. IL‐33 and its soluble receptor ST2 (sST2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study investigated serum IL‐33 and sST2 in type I autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the relationship of these molecules with clinical and pathologic parameters. Subjects included 65 patients with AIH who were diagnosed in our hospital. The control population included 17 healthy individuals and 36 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Mean age at AIH diagnosis was 55.5 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 6:59. Serum IL‐33 and sST2 levels were significantly higher in patients with AIH than in those with PBC or controls. Importantly, immunohistochemistry revealed high IL‐33 expression in liver sections from patients with AIH. In particular, serum IL‐33 and sST2 levels were significantly higher in acute‐onset AIH than in chronic‐onset AIH. Serum IL‐33 levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and necroinflammatory activity in AIH. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis and found serum IL‐33 levels to be independent factors for severe activity. Serum sST2 levels were positively correlated with serum TB and ALT and negatively correlated with serum albumin and prothrombin time in AIH. In particular, serum sST2 levels were significantly higher in severe symptoms of AIH. Serum IL‐33 and sST2 levels in patients with AIH responsive to treatment with prednisolone were significantly decreased after treatment. Interestingly, serum IL‐33 level was associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse. Conclusion: IL‐33/ST2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of AIH and may be a promising target for AIH therapy. This study aimed to investigate serum IL‐33 and sST2 in type I autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients and its relationship with clinical and pathological parameters. Multivariate analysis was performed, and serum IL‐33 levels were independent factors for severe activity and relapse. Our findings suggest that IL‐33/ST2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of AIH and may present a promising target for AIH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Ken Okai
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nozawa
- Department of Pathology Shirakawa Kousei General Hospital Shirakawa Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
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13
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Splenectomy Promotes Macrophage Polarization in a Mouse Model of Concanavalin A- (ConA-) Induced Liver Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5756189. [PMID: 30723740 PMCID: PMC6339718 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5756189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Splenectomy can improve liver function and survival in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and liver cirrhosis. We investigated the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of concanavalin A- (ConA-) induced liver fibrosis. Methods We used ConA to induce immune liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice. Splenectomy was performed alone or with the administration of dexamethasone (DEX). Changes in blood and liver tissues were evaluated. Results Mice treated with ConA for 7 weeks developed advanced liver fibrosis, while splenectomy suppressed liver fibrosis. Although the populations of macrophages/monocytes and M1 macrophages decreased after splenectomy, the inflammatory factors associated with M2 macrophages increased after splenectomy. Furthermore, the population of circulating CD11b+Ly6Chigh myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increased after splenectomy. After ConA treatment, elevated levels of activated and total NF-kBp65/p50 combined with DNA were observed in hepatic tissues. In contrast, the levels of NF-κB p65/p50 decreased after splenectomy. Conclusions Splenectomy may promote the polarization of CD11b+Ly6Chigh MDSCs and the differentiation of M2 macrophages while restricting the level of NF-κB p65-p50 heterodimers. These factors may suppress the progression of liver fibrosis.
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14
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Sun Z, Chang B, Huang A, Hao S, Gao M, Sun Y, Shi M, Jin L, Zhang W, Zhao J, Teng G, Han L, Tian H, Liang Q, Zhang JY, Zou Z. Plasma levels of soluble ST2, but not IL-33, correlate with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:887-897. [PMID: 30478965 PMCID: PMC6349182 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complication that is a burden on global health and economy. Interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) is a newly identified member of the IL‐1 cytokine family and is released as an “alarmin” during inflammation. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 (sST2), an IL‐33 decoy receptor, has been reported as a new biomarker for the severity of systemic and highly inflammatory diseases. Here, we found the levels of plasma sST2, increased with the disease severity from mild to severe ALD. Importantly, the plasma sST2 levels in ALD patients not only correlated with scores for prognostic models (Maddrey's discriminant function, model for end‐stage liver disease and Child‐Pugh scores) and indexes for liver function (total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, albumin, and cholinesterase) but also correlated with neutrophil‐associated factors as well as some proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide‐activated monocytes down‐regulated transmembrane ST2 receptor but up‐regulated sST2 mRNA and protein expression and produced higher levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). By contrast, monocytes pretreated with recombinant sST2 showed decreased TNF‐α production. In addition, although plasma IL‐33 levels were comparable between healthy controls and ALD patients, we found the IL‐33 expression in liver tissues from ALD patients was down‐regulated at both RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining further showed that the decreased of IL‐33‐positive cells were mainly located in liver lobule area. These results suggested that sST2, but not IL‐33, is closely related to the severity of ALD. Consequently, sST2 could be used as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Huang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Hao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju Teng
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsheng Liang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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15
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CD8+ T cell/IL-33/ILC2 axis exacerbates the liver injury in Con A-induced hepatitis in T cell-transferred Rag2-deficient mice. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:75-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Ferhat MH, Robin A, Barbier L, Thierry A, Gombert JM, Barbarin A, Herbelin A. The Impact of Invariant NKT Cells in Sterile Inflammation: The Possible Contribution of the Alarmin/Cytokine IL-33. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2308. [PMID: 30374349 PMCID: PMC6197076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the contribution of iNKT cells to induction of sterile inflammation is now well-established, the nature of the endogenous compounds released early after cellular stress or damage that drive their activation and recruitment remains poorly understood. More precisely, iNKT cells have not been described as being reactive to endogenous non-protein damage-associated molecular-pattern molecules (DAMPs). A second subset of DAMPs, called alarmins, are tissue-derived nuclear proteins, constitutively expressed at high levels in epithelial barrier tissues and endothelial barriers. These potent immunostimulants, immediately released after tissue damage, include the alarmin IL-33. This factor has aroused interest due to its singular action as an alarmin during infectious, allergic responses and acute tissue injury, and as a cytokine, contributing to the latter resolutive/repair phase of sterile inflammation. IL-33 targets iNKT cells, inducing their recruitment in an inflammatory state, and amplifying their regulatory and effector functions. In the present review, we introduce the new concept of a biological axis of iNKT cells and IL-33, involved in alerting and controlling the immune cells in experimental models of sterile inflammation. This review will focus on acute organ injury models, especially ischemia-reperfusion injury, in the kidneys, liver and lungs, where iNKT cells and IL-33 have been presumed to mediate and/or control the injury mechanisms, and their potential relevance in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louise Barbier
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Oncologique, Endocrinienne et Transplantation Hépatique, CHU Trousseau, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Thierry
- INSERM U1082 - IRATI Group, Poitiers, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation Rénale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM U1082 - IRATI Group, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et d'Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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17
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Ghali R, Altara R, Louch WE, Cataliotti A, Mallat Z, Kaplan A, Zouein FA, Booz GW. IL-33 (Interleukin 33)/sST2 Axis in Hypertension and Heart Failure. Hypertension 2018; 72:818-828. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ghali
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- Department of Pathology (R.A.), School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway (R.A., W.E.L., A.C.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.)
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medicine Center, Lebanon (R.G., A.K., F.A.Z.)
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.W.B.), School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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18
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NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-33: Novel Players in Sterile Liver Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092732. [PMID: 30213101 PMCID: PMC6163521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin”, which is released from damaged and necrotic cells. IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine that targets a broad range of immune cells and exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory properties dependent on the disease. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-33 in sterile liver inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in liver disease.
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19
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The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:8197937. [PMID: 30046564 PMCID: PMC6038587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8197937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. Invariant NKT cells have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Animal models of SLE have shown abnormalities in iNKT cells numbers and function, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NKT cells and IgG levels has also been observed. The role of iNKT cells in autoimmune liver disease (AiLD) has not been extensively studied. This review discusses the current data with regard to iNKT cells function in AiLD, in addition to providing an overview of iNKT cells function in other autoimmune conditions and animal models. We also discuss data regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on iNKT cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target, given that deficiencies in vitamin D have been reported in various autoimmune disorders.
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20
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Vasseur P, Dion S, Filliol A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Jean-Philippe G, Silvain C, Lecron JC, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Endogenous IL-33 has no effect on the progression of fibrosis during experimental steatohepatitis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48563-48574. [PMID: 28611297 PMCID: PMC5564708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 has been recently reported to be strongly pro-fibrogenic in various models of liver disease. Our aim was to study the role of endogenous IL-33 in a diet-induced model of steatohepatitis. IL-33 deficient mice and wild type (WT) littermates received a high-fat diet (HFD), or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The HFD-induced steatohepatitis was associated with an upregulation of IL-33 transcripts and protein. An insulin tolerance test revealed lower systemic insulin sensitivity in IL-33-/—HFD mice than in WT-HFD mice. Nevertheless, IL-33 deficiency did not affect the severity of liver inflammation by histological and transcriptomic analyses, nor the quantity of liver fibrosis. Livers from HFD mice had more myeloid populations, markedly fewer NKT cells and higher proportion of ST2+ Treg cells and ST2+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), all unaffected by IL-33 deficiency. In conclusion, deficiency of endogenous IL-33 does not affect the evolution of experimental diet-induced steatohepatitis towards liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vasseur
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Nord Deux-Sèvres, Thouars, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aveline Filliol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Girard Jean-Philippe
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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21
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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22
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Sun Z, Chang B, Gao M, Zhang J, Zou Z. IL-33-ST2 Axis in Liver Disease: Progression and Challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5314213. [PMID: 29180837 PMCID: PMC5664344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new member of the IL-1 family, interleukin-33 (IL-33), participates in the progression of a variety of diseases through binding with its receptor ST2. Recently, much clinical evidence and experimental data have indicated that IL-33 is associated with various liver diseases. This review primarily addresses the relationship between IL-33 and several hepatic diseases. IL-33 can alleviate high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and IL-33 acts as an alarmin, which quickly triggers the immune system to respond to virus invasion and toxic damage to the liver. However, when liver injury is chronic, IL-33 promotes Th2 reactions and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activity, facilitating progression to liver fibrosis. The complicated functions of IL-33 should be considered before its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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23
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Yazdani HO, Chen HW, Tohme S, Tai S, van der Windt DJ, Loughran P, Rosborough BR, Sud V, Beer-Stolz D, Turnquist HR, Tsung A, Huang H. IL-33 exacerbates liver sterile inflammation by amplifying neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Hepatol 2017; 68:S0168-8278(17)32291-2. [PMID: 28943296 PMCID: PMC5862757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neutrophils and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both contribute to sterile inflammatory injury during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a well-known liver surgical stress. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to drive neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses through its receptor ST2. We recently reported that infiltrating neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exacerbate sterile inflammatory injury in liver I/R. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-33 in NET formation during liver sterile inflammation. METHODS Evaluation of IL-33 forming NETs was investigated using a partial liver I/R model to generate sterile injury in healthy WT, IL-33 and ST2 knockouts. Serum levels of IL-33 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex were measured in both humans and mice after the first surgery. Liver damage was assessed. Mouse neutrophil depletion was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Ly6G antibody before I/R. RESULTS Patients undergoing liver resection showed a significant increase in serum IL-33 compared to healthy volunteers. This coincided with higher serum MPO-DNA complexes. NET formation was decreased in IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice compared with control mice, after liver I/R. IL-33 or ST2 deficiency protected livers from I/R injury, whereas rIL-33 administration during I/R exacerbated hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation. In vitro, IL-33 is released from LSECs to promote NET formation. IL-33 deficient LSECs failed to induce NETs. ST2 deficient neutrophils limited their capacity to form NETs in vitro and adoptive transfer of ST2 knockout neutrophils to neutrophil-depleted WT mice significantly decreased NET formation. CONCLUSIONS Data establish that IL-33, mainly released from LSECs, causes excessive sterile inflammation after hepatic I/R by inducing NET formation. Therapeutic targeting of IL-33/ST2 might extend novel strategies to minimize organ damage in various clinical settings associated with sterile inflammation. LAY SUMMARY Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which contribute to organ damage in liver surgeries. Herein, we show that IL-33 is released from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to promote NET formation during liver I/R, which exacerbates inflammatory cascades and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hui-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | | | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vikas Sud
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donna Beer-Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Endogenous IL-33 Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury and Increases Hepatic Influx of Neutrophils in Acute Murine Viral Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1359064. [PMID: 28607531 PMCID: PMC5457781 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1359064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice (IL-33 KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates with pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The IL-33 KO mice were more sensitive to L2-MHV3 infection exhibiting higher levels of AST/ALT, higher tissue damage, significant weight loss, and earlier death. An increased depletion of B and T lymphocytes, NKT cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages was observed 48 h postinfection (PI) in IL-33 KO mice than that in WT mice. In contrast, a massive influx of neutrophils was observed in IL-33 KO mice at 48 h PI. A transcriptomic study of inflammatory and cell-signaling genes revealed the overexpression of IL-6, TNFα, and several chemokines involved in recruitment/activation of neutrophils (CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL6) at 72 h PI in IL-33 KO mice. However, the IFNγ was strongly induced in WT mice with less profound expression in IL-33 KO mice demonstrating that endogenous IL-33 regulated IFNγ expression during L2-MHV3 hepatitis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that endogenous IL-33 had multifaceted immunoregulatory effect during viral hepatitis via induction of IFNγ, survival effect on immune cells, and infiltration of neutrophils in the liver.
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Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. Hepatocyte steatosis is a component of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Hepatic steatosis may be benign or progress to hepatocyte injury and the initiation of inflammation, which activates immune cells. While Kupffer cells are the resident macrophage in the liver, inflammatory cells such as infiltrating macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and DCs all contribute to liver inflammation. The inflammatory cells activate hepatic stellate cells, which are the major source of myofibroblasts in the liver. Here we review the initiation of inflammation in the liver, the liver inflammatory cells, and their crosstalk with myofibroblasts.
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RIPK1 protects from TNF-α-mediated liver damage during hepatitis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2462. [PMID: 27831558 PMCID: PMC5260888 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death of hepatocytes is a prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis of liver disease, while hepatolysis is a starting point of inflammation in hepatitis and loss of hepatic function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte cell death, the role of the cytokines of hepatic microenvironment and the involvement of intracellular kinases, remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a key cytokine involved in cell death or survival pathways and the role of RIPK1 has been associated to the TNF-α-dependent signaling pathway. We took advantage of two different deficient mouse lines, the RIPK1 kinase dead knock-in mice (Ripk1K45A) and the conditional knockout mice lacking RIPK1 only in liver parenchymal cells (Ripk1LPC-KO), to characterize the role of RIPK1 and TNF-α in hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Our results show that RIPK1 is dispensable for liver homeostasis under steady-state conditions but in contrast, RIPK1 kinase activity contributes to caspase-independent cell death induction following ConA injection and RIPK1 also serves as a scaffold, protecting hepatocytes from massive apoptotic cell death in this model. In the Ripk1LPC-KO mice challenged with ConA, TNF-α triggers apoptosis, responsible for the observed severe hepatitis. Mechanism potentially involves both TNF-independent canonical NF-κB activation, as well as TNF-dependent, but canonical NF-κB-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our results suggest that RIPK1 kinase activity is a pertinent therapeutic target to protect liver against excessive cell death in liver diseases.
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Noel G, Arshad MI, Filliol A, Genet V, Rauch M, Lucas-Clerc C, Lehuen A, Girard JP, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Ablation of interaction between IL-33 and ST2+ regulatory T cells increases immune cell-mediated hepatitis and activated NK cell liver infiltration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G313-23. [PMID: 27340126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis plays a protective role in T-cell-mediated hepatitis, but little is known about the functional impact of endogenous IL-33 on liver immunopathology. We used IL-33-deficient mice to investigate the functional effect of endogenous IL-33 in concanavalin A (Con A)-hepatitis. IL-33(-/-) mice displayed more severe Con A liver injury than wild-type (WT) mice, consistent with a hepatoprotective effect of IL-33. The more severe hepatic injury in IL-33(-/-) mice was associated with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and a larger number of NK cells infiltrating the liver. The expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and IL-17 was not significantly varied between WT and IL-33(-/-) mice following Con A-hepatitis. The percentage of CD25(+) NK cells was significantly higher in the livers of IL-33(-/-) mice than in WT mice in association with upregulated expression of CXCR3 in the liver. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) strongly infiltrated the liver in both WT and IL-33(-/-) mice, but Con A treatment increased their membrane expression of ST2 and CD25 only in WT mice. In vitro, IL-33 had a significant survival effect, increasing the total number of splenocytes, including B cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and the frequency of ST2(+) Treg cells. In conclusion, IL-33 acts as a potent immune modulator protecting the liver through activation of ST2(+) Treg cells and control of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Noel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Aveline Filliol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Rauch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Service de Biochimie CHU Rennes, Université de Rennes 1; Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Inserm UMRS 1016-CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris, Descartes, France; and
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (IPBS-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France;
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Gao Y, Ma L, Luo CL, Wang T, Zhang MY, Shen X, Meng HH, Ji MM, Wang ZF, Chen XP, Tao LY. IL-33 Exerts Neuroprotective Effect in Mice Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model Through Suppressing Inflammation/Apoptotic/Autophagic Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3879-3892. [PMID: 27405469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family that exerts biologic functions by binding to a heterodimer composed of IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2L and IL-1RAcP. However, the role of IL-33 and whether IL-33 accounts for inflammation, apoptotic, and autophagic neuropathology after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not clear. Here, we established a mouse ICH model in this study, to determine the role of IL-33 and explore the underlying mechanism. Male mice were subjected to an infusion of type IV collagenase/saline into the left striatum to induce ICH/sham model. IL-33, soluble ST2 (sST2), or saline were also administered by a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection, respectively. The results showed that the expression level of IL-33 markedly decreased within 6 h and reached the valleys at 6 and 72 h after ICH vs. sham group. In parallel, ST2L (a transmembrane form receptor of IL-33) significantly increased within 6 h and reached the peaks at 6 h and 24 h after ICH vs. sham group. In addition, administration of IL-33 alleviated cerebral water contents, reduced the number of PI- and TUNEL-positive cells, and improved neurological function after ICH. Moreover, IL-33 treatment apparently suppressed the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, evidently increased Bcl-2 but decreased cleaved-caspase-3, and obviously decreased the levels of autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 but maintained P62 at high level after ICH. On the contrary, treatment with sST2, a decoy receptor of IL-33, exacerbated ICH-induced brain damage and neurological dysfunction by promoting apoptosis, and enhancing autophagic activity. In conclusion, IL-33 provides neuroprotection through suppressing inflammation, apoptotic, and autophagic activation in collagenase-induced ICH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huan-Huan Meng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ji
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zu-Feng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xi-Ping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Lu-Yang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Yang Y, Wang JB, Li YM, Zhao YU, Wang R, Wu Q, Zheng RS, Ou YR. Role of IL-33 expression in oncogenesis and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:429-436. [PMID: 27347162 PMCID: PMC4906799 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly-discovered cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, serves an important role in inflammation. However, it is not clear whether IL-33 is of clinical significance in hepatocarcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the role of IL-33 during oncogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IL-33 protein expression was detected in 76 HCC (including 36 para-carcinoma), 33 cirrhosis, 30 hepatitis, and 20 normal liver tissues using immunohistochemistry. IL-33 mRNA expression in carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The possible correlation between IL-33 and clinicopathological parameters of HCC was also analyzed. Significant differences in IL-33 expression were not observed among normal, hepatic, and cirrhotic tissues (P>0.05), whereas the level of protein positive rate was markedly reduced in HCC tissues (P<0.01). Positive staining of IL-33 in non-cancerous liver (NCL) tissues (i.e. normal, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis) was located predominantly in the nucleus and occasionally in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes; however, the expression in HCC tissues was mostly restricted to the cytoplasm. A significant alteration in protein localization was observed in HCC tissues as compared with NCL tissues (P<0.01). In comparison with HCC tissues, cytoplasmic staining of IL-33 was increased in para-carcinoma tissues. RT-PCR assay further confirmed relatively high mRNA expression levels of IL-33 in para-carcinoma tissues. IL-33 expression was significantly negatively associated with tumor histological grade (r=−0.279, P=0.015), but not with year, gender, tumor size, clinical stage, HCC with hepatitis and cirrhosis background, lymph node metastasis or intrahepatic vascular embolism (P>0.05). Therefore, the aberrant expression of IL-33 is associated with oncogenesis and progression of HCC and the cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein may serve a role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Y U Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Rong Ou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Huan SL, Zhao JG, Wang ZL, Gao S, Wang K. Relevance of serum interleukin-33 and ST2 levels and the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:200. [PMID: 27180842 PMCID: PMC4868038 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and ST2 have been demonstrated to be associated with liver damage. However, their potential value in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the change of serum IL-33 and ST2 levels in the natural course of chronic HBV infection. Methods A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 20 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in immunotolerant phase and 28 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All patients with CHB were divided into four groups according to their serum ALT levels. The serum levels of IL-33 and ST2 of all participants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and compared between each two out of those six groups. Results No significant differences were found in serum levels of IL-33 and ST2 between the group of CHB with ALT 1–2 upper limit of normal and the healthy controls (P = 0.354 for IL-33 and P = 0.815 for ST2). Other than that, there were significant differences when serum levels of IL-33 and ST2 were compared between any other two out of those six groups (P < 0.05, respectively). The overall correlation analysis indicated that changes of serum IL-33 and ST2 levels were positively associated with ALT levels in patients with chronic HBV infection (rs = 0.879, P < 0.001 for IL-33 and rs = 0.923, P < 0.001 for ST2). No significant differences were found when the serum levels of ALT, IL-33 and ST2 were compared between patients with HBeAg-positive CHB and HBeAg-negative CHB. Conclusions Our study revealed that the serum levels of IL-33 and ST2 varied in different courses of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The serum levels of IL-33 and ST2 elevated as serum ALT levels increased in patients with CHB. They might indicate liver damage for patients with CHB, just like ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Huan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Guang Zhao
- Department of clinical laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Infectious Disease Hospital, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-Li Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Potential Therapeutic Aspects of Alarmin Cytokine Interleukin 33 or Its Inhibitors in Various Diseases. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1000-1016.e1. [PMID: 26992663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to examine the comprehensively accumulated data regarding potential therapeutic aspects of exogenous administration of interleukin 33 (IL-33) or its antagonists in allergic, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. METHODS A selected review was undertaken of publications that examined the protective and exacerbating effects of IL-33 or its inhibitors in different diseases. Mechanisms of action are summarized to examine the putative role of IL-33 in various diseases. FINDINGS IL-33 promoted antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and vaccine adjuvant functions. However, in TH2-biased respiratory, allergic, parasitic, and inflammatory conditions, IL-33 exhibited disease-sensitizing effects. The alarmin cytokine IL-33 induced protective effects in diseases via recruitment of regulatory T cells; antiviral CD8(+) cells, natural killer cells, γδ T cells, and nuocytes; antibacterial and antifungal neutrophils or macrophages; vaccine-associated B/T cells; and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-mediated gene transcription. In contrast, IL-33 exacerbated the disease process by increasing TH2 cytokines, IgE and eosinophilic immune responses, and inhibition of leukocyte recruitment in various diseases. IMPLICATIONS The protective or exacerbated aspects of use of IL-33 or its inhibitors are dependent on the type of infection or inflammatory condition, duration of disease (acute or chronic), organ involved, cytokine microenvironment, dose or kinetics of IL-33, and genetic predisposition. The alarmin cytokine IL-33 acts at cellular, molecular, and transcriptional levels to mediate pluripotent functions in various diseases and has potential therapeutic value to mitigate the disease process.
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32
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Martin NT, Martin MU. Interleukin 33 is a guardian of barriers and a local alarmin. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:122-31. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Arshad MI, Guihard P, Danger Y, Noel G, Le Seyec J, Boutet MA, Richards CD, L'Helgoualc'h A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Gascan H, Blanchard F, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Oncostatin M induces IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in mice and expands ST2+CD4+ lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G542-53. [PMID: 26251474 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Guihard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Yannic Danger
- Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France; EFS, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Noel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie L'Helgoualc'h
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Service de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Hugues Gascan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France; and
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France;
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-27 (IL-27) belongs to the IL-6/IL-12 family of cytokines, associated with different inflammatory diseases and orchestrates its biological activity via common heterodimeric receptor composed of WSX-1 (IL-27Rα) and gp130. The present study was aimed to investigate the regulation of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 chemokines in hepatic cells (human LX-2 cell line derived from normal human stellate cells (HSC), primary human hepatocytes, HSC, and HepG2 cells) and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver inflammation. We demonstrated that IL-27, but not IL-6, induced/up-regulated CXCR3 ligand genes (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11; out of 26 selected genes) in a STAT1-dependent manner in hepatic cells in vitro both at transcript and protein levels. In ConA-induced T cell-mediated hepatic model, we showed that soluble IL-27/IFNγ was elevated following ConA hepatitis in association with increased CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 expression in the liver. The exogenous IL-27 administration induced CXCR3 ligands in mouse liver at 4 h with any significant effect on recruitment of CXCR3(+) immune cells in the liver. The neutralization of IL-27 during ConA hepatitis differentially modulated (transcript vs protein expression) CXCR3 ligands and IFNγ during ConA-induced hepatitis with down-regulated expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 at transcript level. The IFNγ, complementary regulated the expression of CXCR3 ligands as their up-regulation during ConA hepatitis, was abolished in IFNγ KO mice. In summary, IL-27 up-regulated the CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 chemokine expression in hepatic cells. IL-27 regulated CXCR3 ligand expression in IFNγ-dependent manner during acute hepatitis suggesting a complementary role of IL-27 and IFNγ to moderate liver inflammation via regulation of CXCR3 ligands. KEY MESSAGE IL-27 up-regulated CXCR3 ligand expression in human hepatic cells in vitro. IL-27 up-regulated CXCR3 ligand expression and secretion in ConA hepatitis in vivo. CXCR3 ligand expression was down-regulated by blocking IL-27 or IFNγ deficiency. IL-27 modulated liver injury by regulation of CXCR3 ligands in IFNγ-dependent manner.
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Gao S, Huan SL, Han LY, Li F, Ji XF, Li XY, Fan YC, Wang K. Overexpression of serum sST2 is associated with poor prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:315-23. [PMID: 25481239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble ST2 (sST2) have been demonstrated to be involved in liver injury. The present study aims to evaluate serum IL-33 and sST2 level in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) and determine their predictive value for prognosis. METHODS Serum IL-33 and sST2 level in patients with ACHBLF, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy controls (HCs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained. RESULTS Serum IL-33 was significantly higher in patients with ACHBLF (313.10±419.97pg/ml) than those with CHB (97.25±174.67pg/ml, P<0.01) and HCs (28.39±6.53pg/ml, P<0.01). Serum sST2 was significantly higher in patients with ACHBLF (1545.87±1135.70pg/ml) than those with CHB (152.55±93.28pg/ml, P<0.01) and HCs (149.27±104.90pg/ml, P<0.01). In all participants, serum IL-33 was significantly correlated with sST2 (r=0.43, P<0.01). In patients with ACHBLF, serum IL-33 was significantly correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT; r=0.26, P=0.04). Serum sST2 was significantly correlated with total bilirubin (TBIL; r=0.59, P<0.01), Log10 [HBV DNA] (r=-0.47, P<0.01) and model for end-stage liver diseases (MELD; r=0.28, P=0.03). Serum sST2 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 in predicting 3-month mortality of ACHBLF. Patients with ACHBLF who had sST2 >1507pg/ml showed significantly poorer survival than those who had sST2 ≤1507pg/ml (P<0.01). Moreover, measurement of sST2 and MELD together significantly improved the diagnostic value of MELD alone (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that serum IL-33 and sST2 were overexpressed in ACHBLF and sST2 might potentially serve as a prognostic marker for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Ling Huan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Yan Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Fen Ji
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-You Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, Filliol A, L'Helgoualc'h A, Lucas-Clerc C, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Samson M. The chemical inhibitors of cellular death, PJ34 and Necrostatin-1, down-regulate IL-33 expression in liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:867-78. [PMID: 25747661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, is crucially involved in inflammatory pathologies including liver injury and linked to various modes of cell death. However, a link between IL-33 and necroptosis or programmed necrosis in liver pathology remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the regulation of IL-33 during necroptosis-associated liver injury. The possible regulation of IL-33 during liver injury by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was investigated in mice in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells in vitro. The liver immunohistopathology, flow cytometry, serum transaminase measurement, ELISA, and qPCR-based cytokine measurement were carried out. By using a chemical approach, we showed that pretreatment of mice with Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (inhibitor of RIPK1) and/or PJ34 (inhibitor of PARP-1) significantly protected mice against concanavalin A (ConA) liver injury (aspartate amino-transferase (AST)/alanine amino-transferase (ALT)) associated with down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression. In contrast, the expression level of most systemic cytokines (except for IL-6) or activation of liver immune cells was not altered by chemical inhibitors rather an increased infiltration of neutrophils in the liver. During polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C))-induced acute hepatitis, liver injury and hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was also inhibited by PJ34 without any protective effect of PJ34 in CCl4-induced liver injury. Moreover, PJ34 down-regulated the protein expression of IL-33 in activated hepatic stellate cells by cocktail of cytokines or staurosporine in vitro. In conclusion, we evidenced that the Nec-1/PJ34 is a potent inhibitor of liver injury and Nec-1/PJ34 down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in the liver in vivo or in hepatic stellate cells in vitro, suggesting IL-33 as a possible readout of necroptosis-involved liver pathologies. KEY MESSAGE Necroptosis inhibitors can protect mice against liver injury induced by ConA or Poly(I:C). IL-33 expression in liver injury in vivo is inhibited by PJ34. IL-33 expression in hepatic stellate cells in vitro is inhibited by PJ34. Hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression is down-regulated by Nec-1/PJ34 during hepatitis. IL-33 is a new marker of necroptosis-associated liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement and Travail (IRSET), 35043, Rennes, France
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Lei Z, Mo Z, Zhu J, Pang X, Zheng X, Wu Z, Wang K, Li X, Xie D, Gao Z. Soluble ST2 plasma concentrations predict mortality in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:535938. [PMID: 25892854 PMCID: PMC4393901 DOI: 10.1155/2015/535938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a rapidly progressing and frequently fatal condition. The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin- (IL-) 33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) were associated with disease severity and mortality in HBV-ACLF. We found that plasma levels of sST2 but not IL-33 were higher in HBV-ACLF patients compared with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and healthy controls. However, plasma levels of IL-33, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 did not correlate with sST2 levels. Similarly, immunohistochemistry revealed low IL-33 expression and high ST2 expression in liver sections of patients with HBV-ACLF. Evaluation of dynamic changes of sST2 in HBV-ACLF showed that plasma sST2 levels increased over time in patients who died during the 180-day follow-up but decreased in those who survived. In addition, plasma sST2 level after week 1 correlated with disease severity, as assessed by total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and model for end-stage liver disease score. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher sST2 concentration (≥87 ng/mL) at week 3 was associated with poor survival. These findings indicate the potential usefulness of sST2 as a predictor of disease severity and in making treatment decisions for patients with HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhishuo Mo
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiuqing Pang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xingrong Zheng
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhebin Wu
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ke Wang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- *Xinhua Li: and
| | - Dongying Xie
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- *Dongying Xie:
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Zarpelon AC, Cunha TM, Alves-Filho JC, Pinto LG, Ferreira SH, McInnes IB, Xu D, Liew FY, Cunha FQ, Verri WA. IL-33/ST2 signalling contributes to carrageenin-induced innate inflammation and inflammatory pain: role of cytokines, endothelin-1 and prostaglandin E2. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:90-101. [PMID: 23347081 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-33 signals through ST2 receptors and induces adaptive and innate inflammation. IL-33/ST2 is involved in adaptive inflammation-induced pain. Here, we have investigated the contribution of IL-33/ST2-triggered mechanisms to carrageenin-induced innate inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Carrageenin- and IL-33-induced inflammatory responses were assessed in BALB/c- (WT) and ST2-deficient ((-/-) ) mice as follows: oedema (plethysmometer), myeloperoxidase activity (colorimetric assay), mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of von Frey filaments), cytokine levels (ELISA), PGE2 (RIA), mRNA expression (quantitative PCR), drug treatments targeting leukocyte recruitment (fucoidin), TNF-α (infliximab), CXCL1 (antibody to CXCL1), IL-1 (IL-1ra), endothelin ETA (clazosentan) and ETB (BQ788) receptors and COX (indomethacin). KEY RESULTS Carrageenin injection increased ST2 and IL-33 mRNA expression and IL-33 production in paw skin samples. Carrageenin-induced paw oedema, hyperalgesia and myeloperoxidase activity were reduced in ST2(-/-) compared with WT mice, effects mimicked by IL-33 injection in the paw. Furthermore, IL-33-induced hyperalgesia was reduced by fucoidin suggesting a role for recruited leukocytes in its hyperalgesic effect. IL-33-induced hyperalgesia in naïve mice was reduced by treatments targeting TNF, CXCL1, IL-1, endothelin receptors and COX while carrageenin-induced ST2-dependent TNF-α, CXCL1, IL-1β, IL-10 and PGE2 production and preproET-1 mRNA expression. Combining IL-33 and carrageenin at doses that were ineffective as single treatment induced significant hyperalgesia, oedema, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine production in a ST2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IL-33/ST2 signalling triggers the production of inflammatory mediators contributing to carrageenin-induced inflammation. These data reinforces the importance of IL-33/ST2 signalling as a target in innate inflammation and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Zarpelon
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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Huang JR, Tsai YC, Chang YJ, Wu JC, Hung JT, Lin KH, Wong CH, Yu AL. α-Galactosylceramide but Not Phenyl-Glycolipids Induced NKT Cell Anergy and IL-33–Mediated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation via Upregulation of egr2/3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1972-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tang Y, Guan Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Xu L, Jiang Y. The role of the serum IL-33/sST2 axis and inflammatory cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:162-8. [PMID: 24102578 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-33/sST2 axis is associated with inflammation and cardiac stress. This study examined the roles of serum IL-33/sST2 and other inflammatory cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, with or without chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). The levels of serum IL-33 and sST2 in 36 COPD patients without CCP, 42 cases with CCP, and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were analyzed by cytometric bead array. The pulmonary function was also determined. The levels of IL-33 in COPD patients were lower than in patients with CCP during the acute episode stage and HCs, and increased as patients transitioned into the stable phase, especially in patients whose modified medical research council scale values decreased. IL-33 levels were correlated positively with FEV1%pre, FVC%pre, FEF50%pre, and MMEF75/25%pre, while they correlated negatively with center airway resistance. There were no differences in the levels of sST2 among these groups. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in COPD patients during acute episodes were significantly higher, and decreased during stable phases. IL-33 may be considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of COPD, and decreased IL-33 levels may be an indicator of the pulmonary function decline of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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The IL-33/ST2 axis is associated with human visceral leishmaniasis and suppresses Th1 responses in the livers of BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. mBio 2013; 4:e00383-13. [PMID: 24045639 PMCID: PMC3774190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00383-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED During visceral leishmaniasis, the control of hepatic parasite burden is mainly due to granuloma assembly in a microenvironment consisting of both Th1 and Th2 components. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dosages, quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, we studied the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a recently described cytokine signaling through the ST2 receptor, during visceral leishmaniasis. We showed that a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the serum of patients with visceral leishmaniasis than in that from healthy donors and demonstrated the presence of IL-33(+) cells in a liver biopsy specimen from a patient. Similarly, in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with L. donovani, a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the serum, as well as the presence of IL-33(+) cells and ST2(+) cells in the mouse liver. In ST2(-/-) BALB/c mice, better control of the hepatic parasite burden and reduced hepatomegaly were observed. This was associated with strong induction of Th1 cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and IL-12) compared to the level in wild-type (WT) mice and better recruitment of myeloid cells associated with strongly induced chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL2) and receptors (CCR2 and CXCR2). Conversely, BALB/c mice treated twice weekly with recombinant IL-33 showed a dramatically reduced induction of Th1 cytokines and delayed inhibition of monocyte and neutrophil recruitment in the liver, which was associated with reduced KC/CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-33 could be a new deleterious regulator of the hepatic immune response against Leishmania donovani, via the repression of the Th1 response and myeloid cell recruitment. IMPORTANCE Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening systemic disease due to the Leishmania protozoa L. infantum and L. donovani and is ranked by the World Health Organization as the second most important protozoan parasitic disease after malaria for its grave morbidity, high mortality, and global distribution. Leishmania parasites subvert the host's immune response to propagate to target organs, including the spleen, the bone marrow, and the liver. Control of hepatic parasite burdens depends on a delicate and poorly understood Th1/Th2 immune balance. To better understand this complex immune response, new cytokines are interesting targets for research studies. IL-33 is a newly described cytokine usually associated with Th2 response and involved in different diseases, including infectious diseases and hepatitis. Our results suggest that IL-33 could be a new factor of susceptibility and a potential prognostic marker during visceral leishmaniasis.
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Pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus or poly(I:C) induce IL-33 in hepatocytes in murine models of hepatitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74278. [PMID: 24058536 PMCID: PMC3772926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies. Although, the IL-33 levels increased in sera of viral hepatitis patients in human, the cellular sources of IL-33 in viral hepatitis remained obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor (TLR3) viral mimetic, poly(I:C) or by pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The administration of poly(I:C) plus D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in mice led to acute liver injury associated with the induction of IL-33 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC), while the administration of poly(I:C) alone led to hepatocyte specific IL-33 expression in addition to vascular IL-33 expression. The hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was down-regulated in NK-depleted poly(I:C) treated mice suggesting a partial regulation of IL-33 by NK cells. The CD1d KO (NKT deficient) mice showed hepatoprotection against poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis in association with increased number of IL-33 expressing hepatocytes in CD1d KO mice than WT controls. These results suggest that hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in poly(I:C) induced liver injury was partially dependent of NK cells and with limited role of NKT cells. In parallel, the L2-MHV3 infection in mice induced fulminant hepatitis associated with up-regulated IL-33 expression as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment in liver. The LSEC and VEC expressed inducible expression of IL-33 following L2-MHV3 infection but the hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was only evident between 24 to 32h of post infection. In conclusion, the alarmin cytokine IL-33 was over-expressed during fulminant hepatitis in mice with LSEC, VEC and hepatocytes as potential sources of IL-33.
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Albacker LA, Chaudhary V, Chang YJ, Kim HY, Chuang YT, Pichavant M, DeKruyff RH, Savage PB, Umetsu DT. Invariant natural killer T cells recognize a fungal glycosphingolipid that can induce airway hyperreactivity. Nat Med 2013; 19:1297-304. [PMID: 23995283 PMCID: PMC4079117 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatusis a saprophytic fungus that is ubiquitous in the environment and commonly associated with allergic sensitization and severe asthma in humans. Although A. fumigatus is recognized by multiple microbial pattern recognition receptors, we identified and synthesized an A. fumigatus glycosphingolipid, asperamide B, that directly activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vitro in a CD1d-restricted, MyD88- and dectin-1-independent fashion. Moreover, asperamide B, when loaded into CD1d, directly stained, and was sufficient to activate, iNKT cells. In vivo, asperamide B rapidly induced airway hyperreactivity, a cardinal feature of asthma, by activating pulmonary iNKT cells in an IL-33-ST2-dependent fashion. Asperamide B is thus the first fungal glycolipid found to directly activate iNKT cells. These results extend the range of microorganisms that can be directly detected by iNKT cells to the Kingdom of Fungi, and may explain the effectiveness of A. fumigatus in causing severe chronic respiratory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Albacker
- 1] Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
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Interleukin-33-dependent innate lymphoid cells mediate hepatic fibrosis. Immunity 2013; 39:357-71. [PMID: 23954132 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases and thus a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Clinical evidence and animal studies suggest that local tissue homeostasis is disturbed due to immunological responses to chronic hepatocellular stress. Poorly defined stress-associated inflammatory networks are thought to mediate gradual accumulation of extracellular-matrix components, ultimately leading to fibrosis and liver failure. Here we have reported that hepatic expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) was both required and sufficient for severe hepatic fibrosis in vivo. We have demonstrated that IL-33's profibrotic effects related to activation and expansion of liver resident innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). We identified ILC2-derived IL-13, acting through type-II IL-4 receptor-dependent signaling via the transcription factor STAT6 and hepatic stellate-cell activation, as a critical downstream cytokine of IL-33-dependent pathologic tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Our data reveal key immunological networks implicated in hepatic fibrosis and support the concept of modulation of IL-33 bioactivity for therapeutic purposes.
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Abstract
Inflammation has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer, and chronic hepatitis is a major cause of liver cancer. This review will focus on the pathogenic role of inflammation in hepatocarcinogenesis and will discuss recent advances in understanding the chronic hepatitis-liver cancer link based on hot spots in liver cancer research, including cellular interaction, cytokines, microRNA and stem cells. All of these mechanisms should be taken into consideration because they are crucial for the development of more efficacious therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating human chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Le H, Kim W, Kim J, Cho HR, Kwon B. Interleukin-33: a mediator of inflammation targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their progenies. Front Immunol 2013; 4:104. [PMID: 23653627 PMCID: PMC3644799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is defined as a physiological response initiated by a variety of conditions that cause insult to the body, such as infection and tissue injury. Inflammation is triggered by specialized receptors in the innate immune system, which recognize microbial components known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns or endogenous signals produced by damaged cells (damage-associated molecular patterns). IL-33 is a cytokine that is released predominantly at the epithelial barrier when it is exposed to pathogens, allergens, or injury-inducing stimuli. IL-33 target cells are various, ranging from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and essentially all types of their progeny to many non-hematopoietic cells. The pleiotropic actions of IL-33 suggest that IL-33 is involved in every phase of the inflammatory process. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how IL-33 orchestrates inflammatory responses by regulating HSPCs and innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnga Le
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Jie Z, Hou L, Aguilar-Valenzuela R, Vu D, Soong L, Sun J. IL-33 induces nuocytes and modulates liver injury in viral hepatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5666-75. [PMID: 23630360 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns play an important role in many pathogenic processes. In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of IL-33, a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, in adenovirus (Ad)-induced liver inflammation. Ad-infected mice exhibited a steadily increased IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R-like 1 expression in the liver during the first week of infection. Treatment of exogenous IL-33 resulted in a great decrease in the serum alanine aminotransferase levels and the number of Councilman bodies in the liver. Attenuated liver injury by IL-33 correlated with an increase in T regulatory cells but with a decrease in macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells in the liver. IL-33 enhanced both type 1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and type 2 (IL-5 and IL-13) immune responses in infected mice. However, IL-33 inhibited TNF-α expression in hepatic T cells and macrophages, and significantly reduced TNF-α levels in the liver. We found that in addition to its direct effects, IL-33 strongly induced novel nuocytes in the livers and spleens of infected mice. When cocultured with nuocytes, hepatic T cells and macrophages expressed lower levels of TNF-α. The IL-33-treated mice also demonstrated a slight delay, but no significant impairment, in eliminating an intrahepatic infection with Ad. In conclusion, this study reveals that IL-33 acts as a potent immune stimulator and a hepatoprotective cytokine in acute viral hepatitis. Its direct immunoregulatory functions and ability to induce novel nuocytes further suggest to us that it may be a potentially promising therapeutic candidate for the management of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Deng ZB, Zhuang X, Ju S, Xiang X, Mu J, Liu Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mobley J, McClain C, Feng W, Grizzle W, Yan J, Miller D, Kronenberg M, Zhang HG. Exosome-like nanoparticles from intestinal mucosal cells carry prostaglandin E2 and suppress activation of liver NKT cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3579-89. [PMID: 23467936 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulation and induction of anergy in NKT cells of the liver can inhibit autoimmune and antitumor responses by mechanisms that are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of PGE2, delivered by intestinal, mucus-derived, exosome-like nanoparticles (IDENs), on NKT cells in mice. In this study, we demonstrate that IDENs migrate to the liver where they induce NKT cell anergy. These effects were mediated by an IDENs' PGE2. Blocking PGE2 synthesis attenuated IDENs inhibition of induction of IFN-γ and IL-4 by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-stimulated liver NKT cells in a PGE2 E-type prostanoid 2/E-type prostanoid 4 receptor-mediated manner. Proinflammatory conditions enhanced the migration of IDENs to the liver where α-GalCer and PGE2 induced NKT anergy in response to subsequent α-GalCer stimulation. These findings demonstrate that IDENs carrying PGE2 can be transferred from the intestine to the liver, where they act as immune modulators, inducing an anergic-like state of NKT cells. These reagents might be developed as therapeutics for autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bin Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Cacopardo B, Rita Pinzone M, Palermo F, Nunnari G. Changes in serum Interleukin-33 concentration before and after treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b infection. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:e7611. [PMID: 23423835 PMCID: PMC3575549 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.7611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33 is a novel member of the IL-1 family, which has been shown to play an important role in T helper 2 (Th2)-associated immune responses. Recent studies have suggested a possible role for IL-33 in the pathogenesis of liver damage during acute and chronic hepatitis; furthermore, IL-33 may be involved in the development and progression of liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum IL-33 levels in a group of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1b at enrolment and after a course of pegylated (PEG)-IFN plus ribavirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 65 healthy controls were examined and compared for serum IL-33 levels by ELISA. All CHC patients were submitted to liver biopsy either before starting antiviral treatment or during post-treatment follow up. We evaluated whether post-treatment IL-33 concentration was associated with histologic outcome as well as with virologic response to therapy. RESULTS Serum IL-33 levels were significantly higher among CHC patients in comparison with healthy controls. IL-33 concentration was lower among patients with a METAVIR fibrosis score F1-F2, compared with those having a more advanced liver disease (METAVIR stage F3-F4). In addition, sustained virologic response (SVR) was associated with a significant drop in IL-33 levels, whereas no changes were found among relapsers and nonresponders. Analogously, patients experiencing liver histologic improvement after antiviral therapy had lower post-treatment IL-33 levels in comparison with baseline values. Contrarily, no variations were detected among subjects with worsened or stable histologic features. CONCLUSIONS IL-33 may represent a new and easy-to-detect biomarker for the diagnosis of liver damage in CHC patients, as it appears to be modulated in parallel with biochemical and histologic parameters, such as ALT levels and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, considering that serum IL-33 concentration was significantly reduced following a successful course of antiviral treatment, this cytokine may also represent a sensitive indicator of SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cacopardo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Corresponding author: Bruno Cacopardo, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Tel.: +39-0957598443, Fax: +39-0957598666, E-mail:
| | - Marilia Rita Pinzone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, L'Helgoualc'h A, Rauch M, Patrat-Delon S, Ezan F, Lucas-Clerc C, Nabti S, Lehuen A, Cubero FJ, Girard JP, Trautwein C, Samson M. TRAIL but not FasL and TNFα, regulates IL-33 expression in murine hepatocytes during acute hepatitis. Hepatology 2012; 56:2353-62. [PMID: 22961755 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, positively correlates with acute hepatitis and chronic liver failure in mice and humans. IL-33 is expressed in hepatocytes and is regulated by natural killer T (NKT) cells during concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of IL-33 during acute hepatitis. The expression of IL-33 and its regulation by death receptor pathways was investigated after the induction of ConA-acute hepatitis in wildtype (WT), perforin(-/-) , tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)(-/-) , and NKT cell-deficient (CD1d(-/-) ) mice. In addition, we used a model of acute liver injury by administering Jo2/Fas-antibody or D-galactosamine-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in WT mice. Finally, the effect of TRAIL on IL-33 expression was assessed in primary cultured murine hepatocytes. We show that IL-33 expression in hepatocytes is partially controlled by perforin during acute liver injury, but not by TNFα or Fas ligand (FasL). Interestingly, the expression of IL-33 in hepatocytes is blocked during ConA-acute hepatitis in TRAIL-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In contrast, administration of recombinant murine TRAIL associated with ConA-priming in CD1d-deficient mice or in vitro stimulation of murine hepatocytes by TRAIL but not by TNFα or Jo2 induced IL-33 expression in hepatocytes. The IL-33-deficient mice exhibited more severe ConA liver injury than WT controls, suggesting a protective effect of IL-33 in ConA-hepatitis. CONCLUSION The expression of IL-33 during acute hepatitis is dependent on TRAIL, but not on FasL or TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France
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