1
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Jani PK, Petkau G, Kawano Y, Klemm U, Guerra GM, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Durek P, Mashreghi MF, Melchers F. The miR-221/222 cluster regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and multipotency by suppressing both Fos/AP-1/IEG pathway activation and stress-like differentiation to granulocytes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002015. [PMID: 37983263 PMCID: PMC10695376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), residing in bone marrow (BM), continuously regenerate erythroid/megakaryocytic, myeloid, and lymphoid cell lineages. This steady-state hematopoiesis from HSC and multipotent progenitors (MPPs) in BM can be perturbed by stress. The molecular controls of how stress can impact hematopoietic output remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression have been found to control various functions in hematopoiesis. We find that the miR-221/222 cluster, which is expressed in HSC and in MPPs differentiating from them, perturbs steady-state hematopoiesis in ways comparable to stress. We compare pool sizes and single-cell transcriptomes of HSC and MPPs in unperturbed or stress-perturbed, miR-221/222-proficient or miR-221/222-deficient states. MiR-221/222 deficiency in hematopoietic cells was induced in C57BL/6J mice by conditional vav-cre-mediated deletion of the floxed miR-221/222 gene cluster. Social stress as well as miR-221/222 deficiency, alone or in combination, reduced HSC pools 3-fold and increased MPPs 1.5-fold. It also enhanced granulopoisis in the spleen. Furthermore, combined stress and miR-221/222 deficiency increased the erythroid/myeloid/granulocytic precursor pools in BM. Differential expression analyses of single-cell RNAseq transcriptomes of unperturbed and stressed, proficient HSC and MPPs detected more than 80 genes, selectively up-regulated in stressed cells, among them immediate early genes (IEGs). The same differential single-cell transcriptome analyses of unperturbed, miR-221/222-proficient with deficient HSC and MPPs identified Fos, Jun, JunB, Klf6, Nr4a1, Ier2, Zfp36-all IEGs-as well as CD74 and Ly6a as potential miRNA targets. Three of them, Klf6, Nr4a1, and Zfp36, have previously been found to influence myelogranulopoiesis. Together with increased levels of Jun, Fos forms increased amounts of the heterodimeric activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is known to control the expression of the selectively up-regulated expression of the IEGs. The comparisons of single-cell mRNA-deep sequencing analyses of socially stressed with miR-221/222-deficient HSC identify 5 of the 7 Fos/AP-1-controlled IEGs, Ier2, Jun, Junb, Klf6, and Zfp36, as common activators of HSC from quiescence. Combined with stress, miR-221/222 deficiency enhanced the Fos/AP-1/IEG pathway, extended it to MPPs, and increased the number of granulocyte precursors in BM, inducing selective up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins Hspa5 and Hspa8, tubulin-cytoskeleton-organizing proteins Tuba1b, Tubb 4b and 5, and chromatin remodeling proteins H3f3b, H2afx, H2afz, and Hmgb2. Up-regulated in HSC, MPP1, and/or MPP2, they appear as potential regulators of stress-induced, miR-221/222-dependent increased granulocyte differentiation. Finally, stress by serial transplantations of miR-221/222-deficient HSC selectively exhausted their lymphoid differentiation capacities, while retaining their ability to home to BM and to differentiate to granulocytes. Thus, miR-221/222 maintains HSC quiescence and multipotency by suppressing Fos/AP-1/IEG-mediated activation and by suppressing enhanced stress-like differentiation to granulocytes. Since miR-221/222 is also expressed in human HSC, controlled induction of miR-221/222 in HSC should improve BM transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Petkau
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Miyashita Y, Yoshida T, Takagi Y, Tsukamoto H, Takashima K, Kouwaki T, Makino K, Fukushima S, Nakamura K, Oshiumi H. Circulating extracellular vesicle microRNAs associated with adverse reactions, proinflammatory cytokine, and antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:16. [PMID: 35136071 PMCID: PMC8826357 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines have been used globally to eradicate the coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine efficacy and adverse reactions depend on immune responses, such as proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation. We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate relationships among specific antibody titers, adverse reactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and immune-regulatory microRNA (miRNA) levels in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) after COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2). Local adverse reactions after the second dose, such as local pain and swelling, were less correlated with those of systemic symptoms, such as fever and muscle pain, whereas serum TNF-α levels were associated with systemic adverse reactions and with specific antibody titers. Interestingly, EV miR-92a-2-5p levels in sera were negatively correlated with degrees of adverse reactions, and EV miR-148a levels were associated with specific antibody titers. Our data suggest a potential of circulating EV miRNAs as biomarkers for vaccine efficacy and adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Takashima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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3
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Wigton EJ, Mikami Y, McMonigle RJ, Castellanos CA, Wade-Vallance AK, Zhou SK, Kageyama R, Litterman A, Roy S, Kitamura D, Dykhuizen EC, Allen CD, Hu H, O’Shea JJ, Ansel KM. MicroRNA-directed pathway discovery elucidates an miR-221/222-mediated regulatory circuit in class switch recombination. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201422. [PMID: 34586363 PMCID: PMC8485858 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) regulate cell fate decisions by post-transcriptionally tuning networks of mRNA targets. We used miRNA-directed pathway discovery to reveal a regulatory circuit that influences Ig class switch recombination (CSR). We developed a system to deplete mature, activated B cells of miRNAs, and performed a rescue screen that identified the miR-221/222 family as a positive regulator of CSR. Endogenous miR-221/222 regulated B cell CSR to IgE and IgG1 in vitro, and miR-221/222-deficient mice exhibited defective IgE production in allergic airway challenge and polyclonal B cell activation models in vivo. We combined comparative Ago2-HITS-CLIP and gene expression analyses to identify mRNAs bound and regulated by miR-221/222 in primary B cells. Interrogation of these putative direct targets uncovered functionally relevant downstream genes. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Foxp1 and Arid1a confirmed their roles as key modulators of CSR to IgE and IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Wigton
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryan J. McMonigle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carlos A. Castellanos
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam K. Wade-Vallance
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Simon K. Zhou
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam Litterman
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Suparna Roy
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emily C. Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Christopher D.C. Allen
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John J. O’Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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4
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Schell SL, Rahman ZSM. miRNA-Mediated Control of B Cell Responses in Immunity and SLE. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683710. [PMID: 34079558 PMCID: PMC8165268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of B cell tolerance is central to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As such, the mechanisms involved in B cell development, maturation, activation, and function that are aberrantly regulated in SLE are of interest in the design of targeted therapeutics. While many factors are involved in the generation and regulation of B cell responses, miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of these responses within the last decade. To date, miRNA involvement in B cell responses has largely been studied in non-autoimmune, immunization-based systems. However, miRNA profiles have also been strongly associated with SLE in human patients and these molecules have proven critical in both the promotion and regulation of disease in mouse models and in the formation of autoreactive B cell responses. Functionally, miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to complementary sequences located in target mRNA transcripts to mediate transcript degradation or translational repression, invoking a post-transcriptional level of genetic regulation. Due to their capacity to target a diverse range of transcripts and pathways in different immune cell types and throughout the various stages of development and response, targeting miRNAs is an interesting potential therapeutic avenue. Herein, we focus on what is currently known about miRNA function in both normal and SLE B cell responses, primarily highlighting miRNAs with confirmed functions in mouse models. We also discuss areas that should be addressed in future studies and whether the development of miRNA-centric therapeutics may be a viable alternative for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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5
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Di Stefano AB, Pappalardo M, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F. MicroRNAs in solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic use. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100566. [PMID: 32682704 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, solid organ transplantation (SOT) is an established treatment for patients with end-organ dysfunction, which dramatically improves the quality-of-life. Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) including hand and face have been reported worldwide over the last 20 years. However, VCAs, differently to SOT, are life-enhancing instead of life-saving and are not routinely performed due to the risk of immune rejection and the adverse effects of immunosuppression. Over the past decade, although considerable improvements in short-term outcomes after allotransplantation have been registered, these results have not been translated into major progress in long-term allograft acceptance and patient survival. Recently active researches in the field of biomarker discovery have been conducted to develop individualized therapies for allograft recipients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a small noncoding RNAs functioning as critical regulators of gene and protein expression by RNA interference. They have been connected in numerous biological processes and diseases. Due to their immunomodulatory functions, miRNAs have been amended as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the detection of rejection in allotransplantation. Due to their specific circulating expression profile, they could act as noninvasive predictive tools for rejection that may help clinicians in an early adjustment of the immunosuppression protocol during acute rejections episodes. Indeed, specific anti-sense oligonucleotides suppressing miRNAs expressed in rejection could reduce the rejection rate in allografts and decrease the use of immunosuppressants. We present a literature review of the immunomodulatory properties and characteristics of miRNAs. We will summarize the current knowledge on miRNAs as potential biomarkers for allograft rejection and possible application in allotransplantation monitoring. Finally, we will discuss the advances in preclinical miRNA-based therapies for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Pappalardo
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Adriana Cordova
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Toia
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Wang X, Liao X, Huang K, Zeng X, Liu Z, Zhou X, Yu T, Yang C, Yu L, Wang Q, Han C, Zhu G, Ye X, Peng T. Clustered microRNAs hsa-miR-221-3p/hsa-miR-222-3p and their targeted genes might be prognostic predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:2520-2533. [PMID: 31258758 PMCID: PMC6584338 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been explored in malignancies. We investigated the functions of clustered miRNAs hsa-miR-221/222-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Human miRNA tissue atlas website was determined expression levels in liver tissue. Four databases, TarBase, miRTarBase, miRecords and miRPathDB, were found experimentally validated target genes of clustered miRNAs. TargetScanHuman was predicted target genes. The STRING website was depicted protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The OncoLnc website analyzed prognostic values for hsa-miR-221/222-3p and their target genes. The MCODE plugin calculated modules of PPI networks. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were predicted 1, 3, and 5 years prognostic values. Results: Expression of clustered miRNAs was high in liver tissues. A total of 1577 target genes were identified. Enrichment analysis showed that target genes were enriched mainly in cancer, Wnt signaling and ErbB signaling pathways. Two modules were calculated using PPI networks. Has-miR-221-3p was not associated with prognosis (P = 0.401). Has-miR-222-3p and target genes ESR1, TMED7, CBFB, ETS2, UBE2J1 and UBE2N of the clustered miRNAs were associated with HCC survival (all P < 0.05). Has-miR-222-3p, CBFB, and UBE2N showed good performance of ROC in prognosis prediction at 1, 3, and 5 years (all area under curves > 0.600). Conclusion: Has-miR-222-3p and target genes, especially CBFB, UBE2N, may serve as prognostic predictors for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiaoqi Wang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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7
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Koohy H, Bolland DJ, Matheson LS, Schoenfelder S, Stellato C, Dimond A, Várnai C, Chovanec P, Chessa T, Denizot J, Manzano Garcia R, Wingett SW, Freire-Pritchett P, Nagano T, Hawkins P, Stephens L, Elderkin S, Spivakov M, Fraser P, Corcoran AE, Varga-Weisz PD. Genome organization and chromatin analysis identify transcriptional downregulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling as a hallmark of aging in developing B cells. Genome Biol 2018; 19:126. [PMID: 30180872 PMCID: PMC6124017 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by loss of function of the adaptive immune system, but the underlying causes are poorly understood. To assess the molecular effects of aging on B cell development, we profiled gene expression and chromatin features genome-wide, including histone modifications and chromosome conformation, in bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells from young and aged mice. RESULTS Our analysis reveals that the expression levels of most genes are generally preserved in B cell precursors isolated from aged compared with young mice. Nonetheless, age-specific expression changes are observed at numerous genes, including microRNA encoding genes. Importantly, these changes are underpinned by multi-layered alterations in chromatin structure, including chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, long-range promoter interactions, and nuclear compartmentalization. Previous work has shown that differentiation is linked to changes in promoter-regulatory element interactions. We find that aging in B cell precursors is accompanied by rewiring of such interactions. We identify transcriptional downregulation of components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, in particular downregulation of Irs1 and upregulation of Let-7 microRNA expression, as a signature of the aged phenotype. These changes in expression are associated with specific alterations in H3K27me3 occupancy, suggesting that Polycomb-mediated repression plays a role in precursor B cell aging. CONCLUSIONS Changes in chromatin and 3D genome organization play an important role in shaping the altered gene expression profile of aged precursor B cells. Components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways are key targets of epigenetic regulation in aging in bone marrow B cell precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Koohy
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Bolland
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Dimond
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Chovanec
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Denizot
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, F-, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Steven W Wingett
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Freire-Pritchett
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Takashi Nagano
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Elderkin
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikhail Spivakov
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Functional Gene Control Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anne E Corcoran
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Patrick D Varga-Weisz
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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8
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Petkau G, Kawano Y, Wolf I, Knoll M, Melchers F. MiR221 promotes precursor B-cell retention in the bone marrow by amplifying the PI3K-signaling pathway in mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:975-989. [PMID: 29505092 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-uncommitted progenitors are able to home to the bone marrow upon transplantation and reconstitute the host with hematopoietic progeny. Expression of miR221 in B-lineage committed preBI-cells induces their capacity to home to the bone marrow. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying miR221-controlled bone marrow homing and retention remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate, that miR221 regulates bone marrow retention of such B-cell precursors by targeting PTEN, thus enhancing PI3K signaling in response to the chemokine CXCL12. MiR221-enhanced PI3K signaling leads to increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and VLA4 integrin-mediated adhesion to VCAM1 in response to CXCL12 in vitro. Ablation of elevated PI3K activity abolishes the retention of miR221 expressing preBI-cells in the bone marrow. These results suggest that amplification of PI3K signaling by miR221 could be a general mechanism for bone marrow residence, shared by miR221-expressing hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petkau
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology & Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Lymphocyte Development, Berlin
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology & Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Lymphocyte Development, Berlin
| | - Ingrid Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology & Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Lymphocyte Development, Berlin
| | - Marko Knoll
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology & Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Lymphocyte Development, Berlin
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9
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Brandl A, Daum P, Brenner S, Schulz SR, Yap DYH, Bösl MR, Wittmann J, Schuh W, Jäck HM. The microprocessor component, DGCR8, is essential for early B-cell development in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2710-2718. [PMID: 27641147 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important posttranscriptional regulators during hematopoietic lineage commitment and lymphocyte development. Mature miRNAs are processed from primary miRNA transcripts in two steps by the microprocessor complex, consisting of Drosha and its partner DiGeorge Critical Region 8 (DGCR8), and the RNAse III enzyme, Dicer. Conditional ablations of Drosha and Dicer have established the importance of both RNAses in B- and T-cell development. Here, we show that a cre-mediated B-cell specific deletion of DGCR8 in mice results in a nearly complete maturation block at the transition from the pro-B to the pre-B cell stage, and a failure to upregulate Ig μ heavy chain expression in pro-B cells. Furthermore, we found that the death of freshly isolated DGCR8-deficient pro-B cells could be partially prevented by enforced Bcl2 expression. We conclude from these findings that the microprocessor component DGCR8 is essential for survival and differentiation of early B-cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandl
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Daum
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Brenner
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Desmond Yat-Hin Yap
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael R Bösl
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wittmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Early in embryonic development of mice, from day 12.5 after conception, myeloid-lymphoid bipotent progenitors, expressing receptors both for IL7 and CSF-1, migrate from embryonic blood into developing fetal liver. These progenitors also express multiple chemokine receptors, i.e., CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, and CXCR5, all on one cell. Their migration through LYVE-1+ vascular endothelium is guided by CCR7, recognizing the chemokine CCL19, and by CXCR3, recognizing CXCL10/11, chemokines which are both produced by the endothelium. Once inside fetal liver, the progenitors are attracted by the chemokine CXCL12 to ALCAM+ liver mesenchyme, which produces not only this chemokine, but also the myeloid differentiation-inducing cytokine CSF-1 and the lymphoid differentiation-inducing cytokine IL7. In this mesenchymal environment B-lymphocyte lineage progenitors are then induced by IL7 to enter differentiation and Ig gene rearrangements. Within 3-4 days surface IgM+ immature B-cells develop, which are destined to enter the B1-cell compartments in the peripheral lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kajikhina
- Research Group on "Lymphocyte Development," Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Tsuneto
- Research Group on "Lymphocyte Development," Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Reproductive Centre, Mio Fertility Clinic, Yonago, Japan
| | - F Melchers
- Research Group on "Lymphocyte Development," Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of an array of pathogenic autoantibodies, including high-affinity anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies, which play an important role in disease development and progression. Lupus preferentially affects women during their reproductive years. The pathogenesis of lupus is contributed by both genetic factors and epigenetic modifications that arise from exposure to the environment. Epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs), interact with genetic programs to regulate immune responses. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and modulate B cell functions, such as class-switch DNA recombination, somatic hypermutation and plasma cell differentiation, thereby informing the antibody response. Epigenetic dysregulation can result in aberrant antibody responses to exogenous antigens or self-antigens, such as chromatin, histones and dsDNA in lupus. miRNAs play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of most gene-regulatory pathways and regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. In mice, dysregulation of miRNAs leads to aberrant immune responses and development of systemic autoimmunity. Altered miRNA expression has been reported in human autoimmune diseases, including lupus. The dysregulation of miRNAs in lupus could be the result of multiple environmental factors, such as sex hormones and viral or bacterial infection. Modulation of miRNA is a potential therapeutic strategy for lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, TX , USA
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12
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Haftmann C, Riedel R, Porstner M, Wittmann J, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Mashreghi MF. Direct uptake of Antagomirs and efficient knockdown of miRNA in primary B and T lymphocytes. J Immunol Methods 2015; 426:128-33. [PMID: 26187895 PMCID: PMC4655414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depending on their physiological expression level, microRNAs (miRNA) address different target genes, thus have different biological functions. To identify these, the physiological expression has to be blocked. Here, we describe the use of inhibitory cholesterol-modified oligonucleotides (Antagomirs) to inhibit miRNAs selectively in primary human and murine T and B lymphocytes. Due to their lipophilic cholesterol tag Antagomirs enter primary lymphocytes efficiently and quantitatively. We show here that at concentrations of 0.125 to 1μM, Antagomirs selectively inhibit expression of their target miRNA up to 99.5% without affecting cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Haftmann
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Porstner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wittmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz institute, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Epigenetic Control of B Cell Development and B-Cell-Related Immune Disorders. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 50:301-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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MicroRNAs as master regulators of immune responses in transplant recipients. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 20:29-36. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Tsuneto M, Kajikhina E, Seiler K, Reimer A, Tornack J, Bouquet C, Simmons S, Knoll M, Wolf I, Tokoyoda K, Hauser A, Hara T, Tani-ichi S, Ikuta K, Grün JR, Grützkau A, Engels N, Wienands J, Yanagisawa Y, Ohnishi K, Melchers F. Reprint of: Environments of B cell development. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:109-12. [PMID: 24852107 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte development in the mouse begins with the generation of long-term reconstituting, pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, over multipotent myeloid/lymphoid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors to B-lineage committed pro/pre B and pre B cells, which first express pre B cell receptors and then immunoglobulins, B cell receptors, to generate the repertoires of peripheral B cells. This development is influenced and guided by cells of non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic origins. We review here some of the recent developments, and our contributions in this fascinating field of developmental immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motokazu Tsuneto
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kajikhina
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Seiler
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Reimer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinne Bouquet
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Knoll
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koji Tokoyoda
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hauser
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takahiro Hara
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shizue Tani-ichi
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim R Grün
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Engels
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Immunology, National Institutes of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohnishi
- Department of Immunology, National Institutes of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Lymphocyte Development Group, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Peters T, Schroen B. Missing links in cardiology: long non-coding RNAs enter the arena. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1177-87. [PMID: 24619481 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure as a consequence of ischemic, hypertensive, infectious, or hereditary heart disease is a major challenge in cardiology and topic of intense research. Recently, new players appeared in this field and promise deeper insights into cardiac development, function, and disease. Long non-coding RNAs are a novel class of transcripts that can regulate gene expression and may have many more functions inside the cell. Here, we present examples on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function in cardiac development and give suggestions on how lncRNAs may be involved in cardiomyocyte dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation, three hallmarks of the failing heart. Above that, we point out opportunities as well as challenges that should be considered in the endeavor to investigate cardiac lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Peters
- Experimental Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Danger R, Braza F, Giral M, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. MicroRNAs, Major Players in B Cells Homeostasis and Function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:98. [PMID: 24653724 PMCID: PMC3949129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a main actor in humoral immunity, B cells participate in various antibody-related disorders. However, a deeper understanding of B-cell differentiation and function is needed in order to decipher their immune-modulatory roles, notably with the recent highlighting of regulatory B cells. microRNAs (miRNAs), key factors in various biological and pathological processes, have been shown to be essential for B-cell homeostasis, and therefore understanding their participation in B-cell biology could help identify biomarkers and contribute toward curing B-cell-related immune disorders. This review aims to report studies casting light on the roles played by miRNAs in B-cell lineage and function and B-cell-related immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College Hospital, King's College London , London , UK ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
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18
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Abstract
B lymphocyte development in the mouse begins with the generation of long-term reconstituting, pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, over multipotent myeloid/lymphoid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors to B-lineage committed pro/pre B and pre B cells, which first express pre B cell receptors and then immunoglobulins, B cell receptors, to generate the repertoires of peripheral B cells. This development is influenced and guided by cells of non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic origins. We review here some of the recent developments, and our contributions in this fascinating field of developmental immunology.
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