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Wu Q, Carlos AR, Braza F, Bergman ML, Kitoko JZ, Bastos-Amador P, Cuadrado E, Martins R, Oliveira BS, Martins VC, Scicluna BP, Landry JJ, Jung FE, Ademolue TW, Peitzsch M, Almeida-Santos J, Thompson J, Cardoso S, Ventura P, Slot M, Rontogianni S, Ribeiro V, Domingues VDS, Cabral IA, Weis S, Groth M, Ameneiro C, Fidalgo M, Wang F, Demengeot J, Amsen D, Soares MP. Ferritin heavy chain supports stability and function of the regulatory T cell lineage. EMBO J 2024; 43:1445-1483. [PMID: 38499786 PMCID: PMC11021483 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (TREG) cells develop via a program orchestrated by the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). Maintenance of the TREG cell lineage relies on sustained FOXP3 transcription via a mechanism involving demethylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG)-rich elements at conserved non-coding sequences (CNS) in the FOXP3 locus. This cytosine demethylation is catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases, and it involves a redox reaction that uses iron (Fe) as an essential cofactor. Here, we establish that human and mouse TREG cells express Fe-regulatory genes, including that encoding ferritin heavy chain (FTH), at relatively high levels compared to conventional T helper cells. We show that FTH expression in TREG cells is essential for immune homeostasis. Mechanistically, FTH supports TET-catalyzed demethylation of CpG-rich sequences CNS1 and 2 in the FOXP3 locus, thereby promoting FOXP3 transcription and TREG cell stability. This process, which is essential for TREG lineage stability and function, limits the severity of autoimmune neuroinflammation and infectious diseases, and favors tumor progression. These findings suggest that the regulation of intracellular iron by FTH is a stable property of TREG cells that supports immune homeostasis and limits the pathological outcomes of immune-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Eloy Cuadrado
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jonathan Jm Landry
- Genomic Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferris E Jung
- Genomic Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Manon Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stamatia Rontogianni
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sebastian Weis
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll Institute-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cristina Ameneiro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ramos S, Carlos AR, Sundaram B, Jeney V, Ribeiro A, Gozzelino R, Bank C, Gjini E, Braza F, Martins R, Ademolue TW, Blankenhaus B, Gouveia Z, Faísca P, Trujillo D, Cardoso S, Rebelo S, Del Barrio L, Zarjou A, Bolisetty S, Agarwal A, Soares MP. Renal control of disease tolerance to malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5681-5686. [PMID: 30833408 PMCID: PMC6431151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1822024116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, the disease caused by Plasmodium spp. infection, remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Host protection from malaria relies on immune-driven resistance mechanisms that kill Plasmodium However, these mechanisms are not sufficient per se to avoid the development of severe forms of disease. This is accomplished instead via the establishment of disease tolerance to malaria, a defense strategy that does not target Plasmodium directly. Here we demonstrate that the establishment of disease tolerance to malaria relies on a tissue damage-control mechanism that operates specifically in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC). This protective response relies on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1; HO-1) and ferritin H chain (FTH) via a mechanism that involves the transcription-factor nuclear-factor E2-related factor-2 (NRF2). As it accumulates in plasma and urine during the blood stage of Plasmodium infection, labile heme is detoxified in RPTEC by HO-1 and FTH, preventing the development of acute kidney injury, a clinical hallmark of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Viktoria Jeney
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Claudia Bank
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Erida Gjini
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Zélia Gouveia
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Damian Trujillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5124
| | - Sílvia Cardoso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rebelo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Abstract
Pathogenic organisms exert a negative impact on host health, revealed by the clinical signs of infectious diseases. Immunity limits the severity of infectious diseases through resistance mechanisms that sense and target pathogens for containment, killing, or expulsion. These resistance mechanisms are viewed as the prevailing function of immunity. Under pathophysiologic conditions, however, immunity arises in response to infections that carry health and fitness costs to the host. Therefore, additional defense mechanisms are required to limit these costs, before immunity becomes operational as well as thereafter to avoid immunopathology. These are tissue damage control mechanisms that adjust the metabolic output of host tissues to different forms of stress and damage associated with infection. Disease tolerance is the term used to define this defense strategy, which does not exert a direct impact on pathogens but is essential to limit the health and fitness costs of infection. Under this argument, we propose that disease tolerance is an inherent component of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | | | - Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
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4
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André-Grégoire G, Dilasser F, Chesné J, Braza F, Magnan A, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Targeting of Rac1 prevents bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:824-833.e3. [PMID: 29155102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms responsible for airway smooth muscle cells' (aSMCs) contraction and proliferation in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) associated with asthma are still largely unknown. The small GTPases of the Rho family (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) play a central role in SMC functions including migration, proliferation, and contraction. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the role of Rac1 in aSMC contraction and to investigate its involvement in AHR associated with allergic asthma. METHODS To define the role of Rac1 in aSMC, ex and in vitro analyses of bronchial reactivity were performed on bronchi from smooth muscle (SM)-specific Rac1 knockout mice and human individuals. In addition, this murine model was exposed to allergens (ovalbumin or house dust mite extract) to decipher in vivo the implication of Rac1 in AHR. RESULTS The specific SMC deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 in mice prevented the bronchoconstrictor response to methacholine. In human bronchi, a similar role of Rac1 was observed during bronchoconstriction. We further demonstrated that Rac1 activation is responsible for bronchoconstrictor-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and contraction both in murine and in human bronchial aSMCs, through its association with phospholipase C β2 and the stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. In vivo, Rac1 deletion in SMCs or pharmacological Rac1 inhibition by nebulization of NSC23766 prevented AHR in murine models of allergic asthma. Moreover, nebulization of NSC23766 decreased eosinophil and neutrophil populations in bronchoalveolar lavages from mice with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal an unexpected and essential role of Rac1 in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and contraction of aSMCs, and the development of AHR. Rac1 thus appears as an attractive therapeutic target in asthma, with a combined beneficial action on both bronchoconstriction and pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie Chesné
- NSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- NSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- NSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- NSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- NSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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5
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Ceulemans LJ, Braza F, Monbaliu D, Jochmans I, De Hertogh G, Du Plessis J, Emonds MP, Kitade H, Kawai M, Li Y, Zhao X, Koshiba T, Sprangers B, Brouard S, Waer M, Pirenne J. The Leuven Immunomodulatory Protocol Promotes T-Regulatory Cells and Substantially Prolongs Survival After First Intestinal Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2973-2985. [PMID: 27037650 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation (ITx) remains challenged by frequent/severe rejections and immunosuppression-related complications (infections/malignancies/drug toxicity). We developed the Leuven Immunomodulatory Protocol (LIP) in the lab and translated it to the clinics. LIP consists of experimentally proven maneuvers, destined to promote T-regulatory (Tregs)-dependent graft-protective mechanisms: donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT); avoiding high-dose steroids/calcineurin-inhibitors; and minimizing reperfusion injury and endotoxin translocation. LIP was tested in 13 consecutive ITx from deceased donors (2000-2014) (observational cohort study). Recipient age was 37 years (2.8-57 years). Five-year graft/patient survival was 92%. One patient died at 9 months due to aspergillosis, another at 12 years due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. Early acute rejection (AR) developed in two (15%); late AR in three (23%); all were reversible. No chronic rejection (CR) occurred. No malignancies developed and estimated glomerular filtration rate remained stable post-Tx. At last follow-up (3.5 years [0.5-12.5 years]), no donor-specific antibodies were detected and 11 survivors were total parenteral nutrition free with a Karnofsky score >90% in 8 recipients (follow-up >1 years). A high frequency of circulating CD4+ CD45RA- Foxp3hi memory Tregs was found (1.8% [1.39-2.21]), comparable to tolerant kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and superior to stable immunosuppression (IS)-KTx, KTx with CR, and healthy volunteers. In this ITx cohort we show that DSBT in a low-inflammatory/pro-regulatory environment activates Tregs at levels similar to tolerant-KTx, without causing sensitization. LIP limits rejection under reduced IS and thereby prolongs long-term survival to an extent not previously attained after ITx.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ceulemans
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery & Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Braza
- Institut de Recherche en Transplantation, Urologie et Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Monbaliu
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery & Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Jochmans
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery & Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G De Hertogh
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Du Plessis
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M-P Emonds
- Laboratory for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (HILA), Red Cross Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium.,Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Kitade
- Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Kawai
- Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Li
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - X Zhao
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Koshiba
- Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - B Sprangers
- Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Brouard
- Institut de Recherche en Transplantation, Urologie et Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M Waer
- Experimental Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Pirenne
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery & Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Bouchaud G, Castan L, Chesné J, Braza F, Aubert P, Neunlist M, Magnan A, Bodinier M. ASCIA-P4: PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO GOS/INULIN PREBIOTICS PREVENT FOOD ALLERGY BY PROMOTING TOLERANCE AND PROTECTING INTESTINE. Intern Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.4_13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Castan
- UMR1087, Institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
| | - Julie Chesné
- UMR1087, Institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- UMR1087, Institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- UMR913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine, INSERM; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- UMR913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine, INSERM; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- UMR1087, Institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
- Service de Pneumologie; CHU de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Marie Bodinier
- UR1268 BIA; INRA; Nantes France
- Telethon KIDS Institute; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
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7
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Abstract
Graft inflammation impairs the induction of solid organ transplant tolerance and enhances acute and chronic rejection. Elucidating the mechanisms by which inflammation is induced after organ transplantation could lead to novel therapeutics to improve transplant outcomes. In this Review we describe endogenous substances--damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)--that are released after allograft reperfusion and induce inflammation. We also describe innate immune signalling pathways that are activated after solid organ transplantation, with a focus on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their signal adaptor, MYD88. Experimental and clinical studies have yielded a large body of evidence that TLRs and MYD88 are instrumental in initiating allograft inflammation and promoting the development of acute and chronic rejection. Ongoing clinical studies are testing TLR inhibition strategies in solid organ transplantation, although avoiding compromising host defence to pathogens is a key challenge. Further elucidation of the mechanisms by which sterile inflammation is induced, maintained and amplified within the allograft has the potential to lead to novel anti-inflammatory treatments that could improve outcomes for solid organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU de Nantes, ITUN, 30 Bd Jean Monnet Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Steve Chadban
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road Camperdown, NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06525, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, 300 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06525, USA
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8
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Braza F, Dirou S, Forest V, Sauzeau V, Hassoun D, Chesné J, Cheminant-Muller MA, Sagan C, Magnan A, Lemarchand P. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Suppressive Macrophages Through Phagocytosis in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1836-45. [PMID: 26891455 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) immunosuppressive functions make them attractive candidates for anti-inflammatory therapy in allergic asthma. However, the mechanisms by which they ensure therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. In an acute mouse model of house dust mite (Der f)-induced asthma, one i.v. MSC injection was sufficient to normalize and stabilize lung function in Der f-sensitized mice as compared to control mice. MSC injection decreased in vivo airway responsiveness and decreased ex vivo carbachol-induced bronchial contraction, maintaining bronchial expression of the inhibitory type 2 muscarinic receptor. To evaluate in vivo MSC survival, MSCs were labeled with PKH26 fluorescent marker prior to i.v. injection, and 1 to 10 days later total lungs were digested to obtain single-cell suspensions. 91.5 ± 2.3% and 86.6 ± 6.3% of the recovered PKH26(+) lung cells expressed specific macrophage markers in control and Der f mice, respectively, suggesting that macrophages had phagocyted in vivo the injected MSCs. Interestingly, only PKH26(+) macrophages expressed M2 phenotype, while the innate PKH26(-) macrophages expressed M1 phenotype. Finally, the remaining 0.5% PKH26(+) MSCs expressed 10- to 100-fold more COX-2 than before injection, suggesting in vivo MSC phenotype modification. Together, the results of this study indicate that MSCs attenuate asthma by being phagocyted by lung macrophages, which in turn acquire a M2 suppressive phenotype. Stem Cells 2016;34:1836-1845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Stéphanie Dirou
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Virginie Forest
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Dorian Hassoun
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Julie Chesné
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Marie-Aude Cheminant-Muller
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Christine Sagan
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Patricia Lemarchand
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
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9
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Bouchaud G, Castan L, Chesné J, Braza F, Aubert P, Neunlist M, Magnan A, Bodinier M. Maternal exposure to GOS/inulin mixture prevents food allergies and promotes tolerance in offspring in mice. Allergy 2016; 71:68-76. [PMID: 26424001 DOI: 10.1111/all.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergies affect 4-8% of children and are constantly on the rise, thus making allergies a timely issue. Most importantly, prevention strategies are nonexistent, and current therapeutic strategies have limited efficacy and need to be improved. One alternative to prevent or reduce allergies, particularly during infancy, could consist of modulating maternal immunity and microbiota using nondigestible food ingredients, such as prebiotics. For this purpose, we studied the preventive effects of prebiotics in Balb/c mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding on food allergy development in offspring mice. METHODS After weaning, the offspring from mothers that were exposed to GOS/inulin mixture or fed a control diet were intraperitoneally sensitized to wheat proteins to induce a systemic allergic response and orally exposed to the same allergen. Immunological, physiological, and microbial parameters were analyzed. RESULTS GOS/inulin mixture diet modified the microbiota of mothers and their offspring. Offspring from mothers that received GOS/inulin prebiotics were protected against food allergies and displayed lower clinical scores, specifically of IgE and histamine levels, compared to offspring from mothers fed a control diet. Moreover, GOS/inulin supplementation for the mother resulted in stronger intestinal permeability in the offspring. Enhancement of the regulatory response to allergic inflammation and changes in the Th2/Th1 balance toward a dampened Th2 response were observed in mice from GOS/inulin mixture-exposed mothers. CONCLUSION The treatment of pregnant and lactating mice with nondigestible GOS/inulin prebiotics promotes a long-term protective effect against food allergies in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Castan
- UR1268 BIA; INRA; Nantes France
- UMR1087; l'institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - J. Chesné
- UR1268 BIA; INRA; Nantes France
- UMR1087; l'institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- UMR913; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Nantes France
| | - F. Braza
- UR1268 BIA; INRA; Nantes France
- UMR1087; l'institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- UMR913; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Nantes France
| | - P. Aubert
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- UMR913; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
| | - M. Neunlist
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- UMR913; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
| | - A. Magnan
- UMR1087; l'institut du thorax; INSERM; Nantes France
- UMR6291; CNRS; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- l'institut du thorax; Service de Pneumologie; CHU de Nantes; Nantes France
- DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques; Nantes France
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10
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Braza F, Chesne J, Durand M, Dirou S, Brosseau C, Mahay G, Cheminant MA, Magnan A, Brouard S. A regulatory CD9(+) B-cell subset inhibits HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26194936 DOI: 10.1111/all.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to respiratory allergens triggers airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation characterized by the expansion of TH 2 cells and the production of allergen specific IgE. Allergic asthma is characterized by an alteration in immune regulatory mechanisms leading to an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory components of the immune system. AIMS Recently B cells have been described as central regulators of exacerbated inflammation, notably in the case of autoimmunity. However, to what extent these cells can regulate airway inflammation and asthma remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS & METHODS We took advantage of a allergic asthma model in mice induced by percutaneous sensitization and respiratory challenge with an extract of house dust mite. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the induction of allergic asthma alters the homeostasis of IL-10(+) Bregs and favors the production of inflammatory cytokines by B cells. Deeper transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of Bregs revealed that they were enriched in a CD9(+) B cell subset. In asthmatic mice the adoptive transfer of CD9(+) B cells normalized airway inflammation and lung function by inhibiting TH 2- and TH 17-driven inflammation in an IL-10-dependent manner, restoring a favorable immunological balance in lung tissues. Indeed we further showed that injection of CD9(+) Bregs controls the expansion of lung effector T cells allowing the establishment of a favorable regulatory T cells/effector T cells ratio in lungs. CONCLUSION This finding strengthens the potential for Breg-targeted therapies in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Braza
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
- INSERM; UMR 1064; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; ITUN; Nantes France
- CIC biothérapie; Nantes France. Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - J. Chesne
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
- INSERM; UMR 1064; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; ITUN; Nantes France
- CIC biothérapie; Nantes France. Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - M. Durand
- INSERM; UMR 1064; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; ITUN; Nantes France
- CIC biothérapie; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. Dirou
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes; l'institut du thorax; Service de Pneumologie; Nantes France
| | - C. Brosseau
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
- INSERM; UMR 1064; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; ITUN; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes; l'institut du thorax; Service de Pneumologie; Nantes France
| | - G. Mahay
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
| | - M. A. Cheminant
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
| | - A. Magnan
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes; l'institut du thorax; Service de Pneumologie; Nantes France
| | - S. Brouard
- INSERM; UMR 1064; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; ITUN; Nantes France
- CIC biothérapie; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
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11
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Chenouard A, Chesneau M, Braza F, Dejoie T, Cinotti R, Roquilly A, Brouard S, Asehnoune K. Phenotype and functions of B cells in patients with acute brain injuries. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:350-6. [PMID: 26364142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injuries (BI) induce a state of systemic immunosuppression, leading to a high risk of pneumonia. In this pilot study, we investigated the status of B cell compartment in BI patients. METHODS A prospective observational study was performed in 2 intensive care units in a university hospital. Blood samples were collected in 14 patients at day 1 and day 7 after acute BI. The phenotype and the ability of B cells to secrete IL-10 were compared to 11 healthy volunteers (HV). RESULTS Among the circulating lymphocytes, the frequency of B cells was significantly higher in BI patients compared to HV (p<0.001). B cells from BI patients displayed an activated profil on day 7 after BI, reflected by a significantly higher proportion of CD27(+) memory (p=0.01) and CD27(+) IgD(-) switched memory B cells (p=0.02), as well as a significantly higher blood level of IgA (p=0.001) and IgM (p<0.001) as compared to day 1. The frequency of IL-10 secreting B cells (IL-10(+) B cells) on day 1 and day 7 was significantly lower in BI patients compared to HV (p<0.05). Interestingly, we observed that all BI patients with high frequency of IL-10(+) B cells on day 1 displayed an episode of pneumonia, and had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay compared to BI patients with low proportion of IL-10(+) B cells. CONCLUSION This study provides an extensive description of the phenotype and function of B cells in BI patients. Our results suggest that IL-10(+) B cells could play a major role in immunosuppression after BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Chenouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes F-44093, France; CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes F-44093, France; CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes F-44093, France; CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Thomas Dejoie
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Raphael Cinotti
- Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France; Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, EA 3826 Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes F-44093, France; CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes F-44093, France; CIC biothérapie, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France; Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, EA 3826 Nantes, France.
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12
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Braza F, Durand M, Degauque N, Brouard S. Regulatory T Cells in Kidney Transplantation: New Directions? Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2288-300. [PMID: 26234373 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of regulatory T cells in the maintenance of kidney graft survival is of major interest. Although many experimental models suggest a role in the induction of graft tolerance, reproducing these findings in clinic is less clear. While modulation of the regulatory T cell response is a promising therapeutic concept in transplantation, a better understanding of function, phenotype and biology is needed to be able to optimally exploit these cells in order to induce graft tolerance. With this in mind, we review here the current understanding of the phenotypic-functional delineation of Tregs and how Tregs can contribute to graft survival. We highlight their potential role in long-term graft survival and kidney operational tolerance. We also discuss the mechanisms needed for the molecular development of regulatory T cells: A combination of FOXP3 molecular partners, epigenetic, metabolic, and posttranslational modifications are necessary to generate well-functioning regulatory T cells and maintain their core identify. We discuss how an improved understanding of these mechanisms will permit the identification of new potent therapeutic strategies to improve kidney graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Braza
- Université, de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F-44035, France.,INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, F-44093, France.,CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - M Durand
- Université, de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F-44035, France.,INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, F-44093, France.,CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - N Degauque
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, F-44093, France.,CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - S Brouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, F-44093, France.,CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, F-44093, France
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13
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Chesné J, Braza F, Chadeuf G, Mahay G, Cheminant MA, Loy J, Brouard S, Sauzeau V, Loirand G, Magnan A. Prime role of IL-17A in neutrophilia and airway smooth muscle contraction in a house dust mite–induced allergic asthma model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1643-1643.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Asthma is a major chronic disease ranging from mild to severe refractory disease and is classified into various clinical phenotypes. Severe asthma is difficult to treat and frequently requires high doses of systemic steroids. In some cases, severe asthma even responds poorly to steroids. Several studies have suggested a central role of IL-17 (also called IL-17A) in severe asthma. Indeed, high levels of IL-17 are found in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies obtained from patients with severe asthma. The recent identification of a steroid-insensitive pathogenic Th17 pathway is therefore of major interest. In addition, IL-17A has been described in multiple aspects of asthma pathogenesis, including structural alterations of epithelial cells and smooth muscle contraction. In this perspective article, we frame the topic of IL-17A effects in severe asthma by reviewing updated information from human studies. We summarize and discuss the implications of IL-17 in the induction of neutrophilic airway inflammation, steroid insensitivity, the epithelial cell profile, and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chesné
- 1 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1087, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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15
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Chesneau M, Michel L, Dugast E, Chenouard A, Baron D, Pallier A, Durand J, Braza F, Guerif P, Laplaud DA, Soulillou JP, Giral M, Degauque N, Chiffoleau E, Brouard S. Tolerant Kidney Transplant Patients Produce B Cells with Regulatory Properties. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2588-98. [PMID: 25644114 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas a B cell-transcriptional profile has been recorded for operationally tolerant kidney graft patients, the role that B cells have in this tolerance has not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the role of B cells from operationally tolerant patients, healthy volunteers, and kidney transplant recipients with stable graft function on T cell suppression. Proliferation, apoptosis, and type I proinflammatory cytokine production by effector CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were measured after anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation with or without autologous B cells. We report that B cells inhibit CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cell response in a dose-dependent manner. This effect required B cells to interact with T-cell targets and was achieved through a granzyme B (GzmB)-dependent pathway. Tolerant recipients harbored a higher number of B cells expressing GzmB and displaying a plasma cell phenotype. Finally, GzmB(+) B-cell number was dependent on IL-21 production, and B cells from tolerant recipients but not from other patients positively regulated both the number of IL-21(+) T cells and IL-21 production, suggesting a feedback loop in tolerant recipients that increases excessive B cell activation and allows regulation to take place. These data provide insights into the characterization of B cell-mediated immunoregulation in clinical tolerance and show a potential regulatory effect of B cells on effector T cells in blood from patients with operationally tolerant kidney grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chesneau
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Laure Michel
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Chenouard
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Daniel Baron
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Annaïck Pallier
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Durand
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Pierrick Guerif
- Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Joint Research Unit 1064, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, France; and Institute of Transplantation Urology and Nephrology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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16
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Braza F, Dugast E, Panov I, Paul C, Vogt K, Pallier A, Chesneau M, Baron D, Guerif P, Lei H, Laplaud DA, Volk HD, Degauque N, Giral M, Soulillou JP, Sawitzki B, Brouard S. Central Role of CD45RA- Foxp3hi Memory Regulatory T Cells in Clinical Kidney Transplantation Tolerance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1795-805. [PMID: 25556168 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in operational tolerance remains elusive, as initial results revealed an increased frequency of this subset in tolerant patients but no functional differences compared with immunosuppressed recipients. In addition, recent studies of regulatory B cells strongly suggest that Tregs may not have a central role in kidney transplantation tolerance. However, recent investigations of the crucial role of Foxp3 demethylation in Treg function and the possibility of identifying distinct Foxp3 T cell subsets prompted us to more thoroughly characterize Tregs in operationally tolerant patients. Thus, we studied the level of demethylation of the Foxp3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) in circulating CD4(+) T cells and analyzed Treg subset frequency in tolerant patients, healthy volunteers, patients with stable graft function under immunosuppression, and chronically rejecting recipients. We observed a higher proportion of CD4(+) T cells with demethylated Foxp3 and a specific expansion of CD4(+) CD45RA(-) Foxp3(hi) memory Tregs exclusively in tolerant patients. The memory Tregs of tolerant recipients exhibited increased Foxp3 TSDR demethylation, expressed higher levels of CD39 and glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related receptor, and harbored greater suppressive properties than memory Tregs from patients with stable graft function. Taken together, our data demonstrate that operationally tolerant patients mobilize an array of potentially suppressive cells, including not only regulatory B cells but also Tregs. Our results also indicate that tolerant patients have potent CD4(+)CD45RA(-) Foxp3(hi) memory Tregs with a specific Foxp3 TSDR demethylation pattern, which may contribute to the maintenance of graft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and
| | - Emilie Dugast
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Ivo Panov
- Institute of Medical Immunology and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chloé Paul
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | | | - Annaick Pallier
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and
| | - Daniel Baron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and
| | - Pierrick Guerif
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Hong Lei
- Institute of Medical Immunology and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Magali Giral
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Brouard
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1064, Research Institute on Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation, and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Hôtel Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France; and
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17
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Bihouée T, Bouchaud G, Chesné J, Lair D, Rolland-Debord C, Braza F, Cheminant MA, Aubert P, Mahay G, Sagan C, Neunlist M, Brouard S, Bodinier M, Magnan A. Food allergy enhances allergic asthma in mice. Respir Res 2014; 15:142. [PMID: 25433406 PMCID: PMC4255648 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic march refers to the typical transition from a food allergy in early childhood to allergic asthma in older children and adults. However the precise interplay of events involving gut, skin and pulmonary inflammation in this process is not completely understood. Objectives To develop a mouse model of mixed food and respiratory allergy mimicking the atopic march and better understand the impact of food allergies on asthma. Methods Food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA) was induced through intra-peritoneal sensitization and intra-gastric challenge, and/or a respiratory allergy to house dust mite (HDM) was obtained through percutaneous sensitization and intra-nasal challenges with dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) extract. Digestive, respiratory and systemic parameters were analyzed. Results OVA-mediated gut allergy was associated with an increase in jejunum permeability, and a worsening of Der f-induced asthma with stronger airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary cell infiltration, notably eosinophils. There was overproduction of the pro-eosinophil chemokine RANTES in broncho-alveolar lavages associated with an enhanced Th2 cytokine secretion and increased total and Der f-specific IgE when the two allergies were present. Both AHR and lung inflammation increased after a second pulmonary challenge. Conclusion Gut sensitization to OVA amplifies Der f-induced asthma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Bihouée
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Service de Pédiatrie, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Gregory Bouchaud
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,INRA, UR1268 BIA, Nantes, F-44316, France.
| | - Julie Chesné
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - David Lair
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Camille Rolland-Debord
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Faouzi Braza
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Marie-Aude Cheminant
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Philippe Aubert
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,INSERM, UMR U913, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Guillaume Mahay
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Christine Sagan
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Service d'anatomie et cytologique pathologiques, Nantes, France.
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,INSERM, UMR U913, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie, Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, F44093, France.
| | | | - Antoine Magnan
- INSERM U1087, l'institut du Thorax CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,CHU de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Service de Pneumologie, Nantes, F-44000, France. .,DHU2020 médecine personnalisée des maladies chroniques, Nantes, F-44000, France.
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Abstract
B cells are essentially described for their capacity to produce antibodies ensuring anti-infectious immunity or deleterious responses in the case of autoimmunity or allergy. However, abundant data described their ability to restrain inflammation by diverse mechanisms. In allergy, some regulatory B-cell subsets producing IL-10 have been recently described as potent suppressive cells able to restrain inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo by regulatory T-cell differentiation or directly inhibiting T-cell-mediated inflammation. A specific deficit in regulatory B cells participates to more severe allergic inflammation. Induction of allergen tolerance through specific immunotherapy induces a specific expansion of these cells supporting their role in establishment of allergen tolerance. However, the regulatory functions carried out by B cells are not exclusively IL-10 dependent. Indeed, other regulatory mechanisms mediated by B cells are (i) the production of TGF-β, (ii) the promotion of T-cell apoptosis by Fas-Fas ligand or granzyme-B pathways, and (iii) their capacity to produce inhibitory IgG4 and sialylated IgG able to mediate anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This points to Bregs as interesting targets for the development of new therapies to induce allergen tolerance. In this review, we highlight advances in the study of regulatory mechanisms mediated by B cells and outline what is known about their phenotype as well as their suppressive role in allergy from studies in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Braza
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du Thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- INSERM; UMR U1064; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - J. Chesne
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du Thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- INSERM; UMR U1064; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. Castagnet
- Laboratoire HLA; Établissement Français du Sang; Nantes France
| | - A. Magnan
- INSERM; UMR 1087; l'institut du Thorax; Nantes France
- CNRS; UMR 6291; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes; l'institut du Thorax; Service de Pneumologie; Nantes France
| | - S. Brouard
- INSERM; UMR U1064; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
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19
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Chesne J, Braza F, Sauzeau V, Mahay G, Muller M, Lair D, Brouard S, Magnan A. Transcutaneous sensitization induces IL-17-mediated airway hyperresponsiveness in a house dust mite-induced model of asthma. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Braza F, Chesné J, Mahay G, Cheminant M, Lair D, Durand M, Paul C, Degauque N, Magnan A, Brouard S. Regulatory B cells deficiency in a mouse model of House Dust Mite (HDM) asthma. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Carreras MR, Braza P, Muñoz JM, Braza F, Azurmendi A, Pascual-Sagastizabal E, Cardas J, Sánchez-Martín JR. Aggression and prosocial behaviors in social conflicts mediating the influence of cold social intelligence and affective empathy on children's social preference. Scand J Psychol 2014; 55:371-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Carreras
- Child Development and Social Risk; Psychology Department; Faculty of Sciences of Education; University of Cadiz; Cádiz Spain
| | - P. Braza
- Child Development and Social Risk; Psychology Department; Faculty of Sciences of Education; University of Cadiz; Cádiz Spain
| | - J. M. Muñoz
- Child Development and Social Risk; Psychology Department; Faculty of Sciences of Education; University of Cadiz; Cádiz Spain
| | - F. Braza
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Sevilla Spain
| | - A. Azurmendi
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development; Faculty of Psychology; University of the Basque Country; San Sebastian Spain
| | - E. Pascual-Sagastizabal
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology; University of the Basque Country; Leioa Spain
| | - J. Cardas
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy; The Public University of Navarre; Pamplona Spain
| | - J. R. Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development; Faculty of Psychology; University of the Basque Country; San Sebastian Spain
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22
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Danger R, Braza F, Giral M, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. MicroRNAs, Major Players in B Cells Homeostasis and Function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:98. [PMID: 24653724 PMCID: PMC3949129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a main actor in humoral immunity, B cells participate in various antibody-related disorders. However, a deeper understanding of B-cell differentiation and function is needed in order to decipher their immune-modulatory roles, notably with the recent highlighting of regulatory B cells. microRNAs (miRNAs), key factors in various biological and pathological processes, have been shown to be essential for B-cell homeostasis, and therefore understanding their participation in B-cell biology could help identify biomarkers and contribute toward curing B-cell-related immune disorders. This review aims to report studies casting light on the roles played by miRNAs in B-cell lineage and function and B-cell-related immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College Hospital, King's College London , London , UK ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
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23
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Chesneau M, Pallier A, Braza F, Lacombe G, Le Gallou S, Baron D, Giral M, Danger R, Guerif P, Aubert-Wastiaux H, Néel A, Michel L, Laplaud DA, Degauque N, Soulillou JP, Tarte K, Brouard S. Unique B cell differentiation profile in tolerant kidney transplant patients. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:144-55. [PMID: 24354874 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Operationally tolerant patients (TOL) display a higher number of blood B cells and transcriptional B cell signature. As they rarely develop an allo-immune response, they could display an abnormal B cell differentiation. We used an in vitro culture system to explore T-dependent differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. B cell phenotype, apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine, immunoglobulin production and markers of differentiation were followed in blood of these patients. Tolerant recipients show a higher frequency of CD20(+) CD24(hi) CD38(hi) transitional and CD20(+) CD38(lo) CD24(lo) naïve B cells compared to patients with stable graft function, correlating with a decreased frequency of CD20(-) CD38(+) CD138(+) differentiated plasma cells, suggestive of abnormal B cell differentiation. B cells from TOL proliferate normally but produce more IL-10. In addition, B cells from tolerant recipients exhibit a defective expression of factors of the end step of differentiation into plasma cells and show a higher propensity for cell death apoptosis compared to patients with stable graft function. This in vitro profile is consistent with down-regulation of B cell differentiation genes and anti-apoptotic B cell genes in these patients in vivo. These data suggest that a balance between B cells producing IL-10 and a deficiency in plasma cells may encourage an environment favorable to the tolerance maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chesneau
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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24
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Abstract
Operational tolerance in kidney transplantation tolerance is rare phenomenon. It concerns recipients who keep a good function of their graft without immunosuppressors for more than one year. A critical need in the field of transplantation tolerance is the identification of biomarkers able to detect precociously tolerance phenotype in stable recipient in order to adapt treatment and progressively stop immunosuppressive therapy. But many limitations in these studies slow the application in clinics of such tolerance signature. In this addendum article we talk about these limitations and potential new directions to improve our approach in the quest of tolerance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U643, Nantes, France.
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25
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Braza F, Chesne J, Mahay G, Cheminant M, Lair D, Magnan A, Brouard S. Deficiency of regulatory B cells in a house dust mite model of asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3647324 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s1-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- Université de Nantes, UMR_S1084, UMR_S 1087, Institut du ThoraxFrance
| | - Julie Chesne
- Université de Nantes, UMR_S 1087, Hopital Laënec, Institut du Thorax, L'institut du ThoraxFrance
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Mahay G, Chesne J, Braza F, Muller MA, Lair D, Botturi K, Brouard S, Magnan A. Rôle de l’IL-17 dans un modèle d’asthme allergique aux acariens. Rev Mal Respir 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Braza F, Chesné J, Mahay G, Cheminant MA, Lair D, Botturi-Cavaillès K, Magnan A, Brouard S. Deficiency of regulatory B cells in a house dust mite model of asthma. Lab Invest 2012. [PMCID: PMC3509019 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s3-p25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Autoimmunity, defined as the presence of autoreactive T and/or B lymphocytes in the periphery, is a frequent and probably even physiological condition. It is mainly caused by the fact that the central tolerance mechanisms, which are responsible for counter-selection of autoreactive lymphocytes, are not perfect and thus a limited number of these autoreactive cells can mature and enter the periphery. Nonetheless, autoreactive cells do not lead automatically to autoimmune disease as evidenced by a multitude of experimental and human data sets. Interestingly, the progression from autoimmunity to autoimmune disease is not only determined by the degree of central tolerance leakage and thus the amount of autoreactive lymphocytes in the periphery, but also by peripheral mechanism of activation and control of the autoreactive cells. In this review, we discuss the contribution of peripheral B lymphocytes in this process, ranging from activation of T cells and epitope spreading to control of the autoimmune process by regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss the parallels with the role of B cells in the induction and control of alloimmunity in the context of organ transplantation, as more precise knowledge of the pathogenic antigens and time of initiation of the immune response in allo- versus auto-immunity allows better dissection of the exact role of B cells. Since peripheral mechanisms may be easier to modulate than central tolerance, a more thorough understanding of the role of peripheral B cells in the progression from autoimmunity to autoimmune disease may open new avenues for treatment and prevention of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Franco Salinas
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Braza F, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. Gene expression signature in transplantation tolerance. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1414-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Braza
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de Ma Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - C. San José
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de Ma Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - S. Aragón
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de Ma Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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32
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Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of mixed lymphocyte and epithelial thymoma in a nonmyasthenic female patient revealed deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 6. To our knowledge, this cytogenetic abnormality in a benign thymoma has not been previously described in the literature, which is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mirza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
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33
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San José C, Braza F, Aragón S. The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer (Dama dama). CAN J ZOOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/z99-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we tested whether prenatal expenditure of resources in fallow deer (Dama dama) is affected by the age and reproductive experience of mothers. The study was carried out on the wild fallow deer population in Doñana National Park in southwestern Spain. Between 1985 and 1996 a total of 60 different females were monitored by direct observation during the fawning season. The exact age of 22 of these females was known, and 59 fawns born of these females were captured. The mother's age had more influence on the fawn's birth mass than the mother's experience did. Fallow deer fawns born of adult multiparous mothers (5-8 years old) were heavier than fawns born of young multiparous mothers (3-4 years old), whereas birth masses of fawns born of primiparous mothers (2-3 years) and young multiparous mothers showed no significant difference. Fawns were born earlier in the breeding season as the mother's age increased. The trade-off required between resources allocated to reproduction and resources available for growth and maintenance may limit reproduction and the possibility of increasing prenatal expenditure by both young primiparous and young multiparous female fallow deer. Sexual dimorphism in birth mass was detected, males being heavier than females, independently of the age and parity of the mothers. This confirms the finding that fallow deer mothers are selected to expend more resources on their male offspring.
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34
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Kerr SW, Wolyniec WW, Filipovic Z, Nodop SG, Braza F, Winquist RJ, Noonan TC. Repeated measurement of intestinal permeability as an assessment of colitis severity in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 291:903-10. [PMID: 10525115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of a method for repeated monitoring of mucosal permeability that allows assessment of the severity of colitis and evaluation of treatment efficacy in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. We determined the extent to which intestinal permeability related to stool condition, colon weight, and histological pathology in precolitic and diseased rats up to 29 weeks old. Intestinal permeability was measured by the urinary excretion of iodixanol at 24 h after oral administration. Mean permeability values increased significantly with age in HLA-B27 rats but remained decreased in the background strain Fischer-344 (F-344) control animals. Macroscopic evaluation of HLA-B27 rat colons between 20 and 24 weeks old showed colonic thickening with colonic wet weights increased from 3.4+/-0.13 mg/kg b.wt. in F-344 rats to 6.79+/-0.73 mg/kg b.wt. (p<.05) in HLA-B27 rats. Histological examination of HLA-B27 rat colons confirmed the colonic inflammation as a chronic active mononuclear cell infiltrate. The increase in colon weight was associated with an increase in permeability: 1.16+/-0.17 mg iodixanol versus 5.37+/-1.3 mg of iodixanol in F-344 and HLA-B27 rats, respectively. Three weeks treatment of HLA-B27 rats with cyclosporin A, but not sulfasalazine, showed a dose-dependent decrease in mucosal permeability and colon weight. Neither treatment improved stool condition. We conclude that the measurement of intestinal permeability by iodixanol excretion is a useful biochemical marker that is associated with increases in colonic weight and histological evaluation of inflammation. These data indicate that this technique may be valuable for diagnostic and evaluation purposes in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA
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35
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San José C, Braza F, Aragón S. The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer ( Dama dama). CAN J ZOOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-77-11-1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Aragon S, Braza F, Jose CS, Fandos P. Variation in Skull Morphology of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Western and Central Europe. J Mammal 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/1382847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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37
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Abstract
An analysis of the sexual differences in birth weights of 381 children showed that boys are heavier than girls for multiparous mothers but not for primiparous ones. The results support the current hypotheses that predict sex biases in parental investment, with higher costs of producing male offspring in some mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C San Jose
- Estación Biológica Doñana (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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38
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39
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Abstract
We report a case of mammary duct carcinoma with a prominent lipid-rich, sebaceous-like component, occurring in a 55 yr old white male. The patient presented with a painless, subareolar left breast mass and the diagnosis of malignancy was made by fine needle aspiration. Subsequent modified radical mastectomy revealed an infiltrating and in situ ductal carcinoma with dermal invasion and numerous vacuolated sebaceous-like tumor cells, positive for neutral lipid by Oil Red O stain. We propose that this case represents an unusual variant of lipid-secreting breast carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this subtype of mammary carcinoma is unprecedented in male breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Mazzella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Connecticut, USA
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40
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Braza F, Braza P, Carreras M, Munoz J. Measuring the social ability of preschool children. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 1993. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.1993.21.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Abstract
According to the idea that the different roles children play in their first peer groups are important in their socialization, we approach a measure of social ability in preschool children using two indices: amplitude of behavior and amplitude of partnership. In this way we attempt to
develop and validate a behavioral assessment of social competence based on diversity of social contacts and behavior. The study was carried out during 1989-90 at a grammar school in Cadiz (Spain) where the preschool children (n=27) were filmed during 30 minutes of daily free play. In analysing
the relationships within all these elements, we used a multiple linear regression (BMDP1R-Dixon, 1985). Of eight behavioral patterns likely to influence social ability, two contributed significantly to individual differences in amplitude of behavior (leadership and follow-partner). Concerning
behavioral factors, both prosocial and assertiveness are negatively related to the amplitude of partnership; and the behavioral factors that reflect assertiveness, prohierarchy and agonism are positively related to the amplitude of behavior. Although it is premature to predict children's
future social success based on these data, both the amplitude of partnership and the amplitude of behavior probably give the child an advantage when he/she acquires an experience which allows him/herself to continue the process of socialization.
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Sieber SC, Dandurand R, Gelfman N, Iannini P, Braza F. Three opportunistic infections associated with ectopic corticotropin syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:2589-91. [PMID: 2554832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis occurred simultaneously in a 66-year-old white man with oat cell carcinoma and ectopic corticotropin production. Hypokalemia, a recent normal chest roentgenogram, and a large left adrenal mass on a computed tomographic scan confused the initial clinical evaluation. The aspergillosis proved fulminant and lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Sieber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Danbury (Conn) Hospital 06810
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Abstract
Cellular changes produced by viruses can be readily identified using light microscopy and Papanicolaou stain of a fixed specimen. These findings can then be confirmed by viral culture and/or electron microscopy studies. Human polyomavirus, common in transplant recipients or otherwise immunocompromised patients, is one virus that can be identified using these methods. The following is a case study of a 4-yr-old boy with no known immune impairment who exhibited human papovavirus (polyomavirus) on a routine urine examination. The diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Braza
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Danbury Hospital, CT
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Sieber SC, Gelfman NA, Dandurand R, Braza F. Ectopic ACTH and adrenal myelolipoma. Conn Med 1989; 53:7-10. [PMID: 2539944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of adrenal myelolipoma that occurred in a 66-year-old male with an ACTH producing oat cell lung carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which myelolipoma has occurred in association with ectopic ACTH-induced Cushing's syndrome. The literature is reviewed and the pathogenesis of myelolipoma is discussed.
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Belsky JL, Cuello B, Swanson LW, Simmons DM, Jarrett RM, Braza F. Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic production of corticotropin-releasing factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60:496-500. [PMID: 2982899 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-60-3-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is described who had a metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid which contained corticotropin-releasing factor. ACTH was found by an immunohistochemical method in the patient's pituitary, but not in the thyroid tumor. This is the second report demonstrating corticotropin-releasing factor in tumor tissue in this syndrome. Wider use of immunohistological methods can help distinguish this variety from other tumors associated with the ectopic ACTH syndrome when bioassays are not available.
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