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Solar Fernandez V, Fiocchetti M, Cipolletti M, Segatto M, Cercola P, Massari A, Ghinassi S, Cavaliere F, Marino M. Neuroglobin: A New Possible Marker of Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081986. [PMID: 34440755 PMCID: PMC8393432 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the α-subtype of Estrogen Receptor (ERα) characterizes most breast cancers (more than 75%), for which endocrine therapy is the mainstay for their treatment. However, a high percentage of ERα+ breast cancers are de novo or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy, and the definition of new targets for improving therapeutic interventions and the prediction of treatment response is demanding. Our previous data identified the ERα/AKT/neuroglobin (NGB) pathway as a common pro-survival process activated in different ERα breast cancer cell lines. However, no in vivo association between the globin and the malignity of breast cancer has yet been done. Here, we evaluated the levels and localization of NGB in ERα+ breast ductal carcinoma tissue of different grades derived from pre-and post-menopausal patients. The results indicate a strong association between NGB accumulation, ERα, AKT activation, and the G3 grade, while no association with the menopausal state has been evidenced. Analyses of the data set (e.g., GOBO) strengthen the idea that NGB accumulation could be linked to tumor cell aggressiveness (high grade) and resistance to treatment. These data support the view that NGB accumulation, mainly related to ER expression and tumor grade, represents a compensatory process, which allows cancer cells to survive in an unfavorable environment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Progression
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neuroglobin/analysis
- Progression-Free Survival
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/analysis
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Solar Fernandez
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-06-5733-6455 (M.F.); +39-06-5733-6320 (M.M.); Fax: +39-06-5733-6321 (M.F. & M.M.)
| | - Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy;
| | - Paolo Cercola
- Division of Senology, Belcolle Hospital, Str. Sammartinese, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Annalisa Massari
- Division of Senology, Belcolle Hospital, Str. Sammartinese, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina Ghinassi
- Division of Senology, Belcolle Hospital, Str. Sammartinese, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cavaliere
- Division of Senology, Belcolle Hospital, Str. Sammartinese, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-06-5733-6455 (M.F.); +39-06-5733-6320 (M.M.); Fax: +39-06-5733-6321 (M.F. & M.M.)
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2
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Yue M, Zhang J, Wang X, Yan K, Cai L, Tian K, Niu S, Han X, Yu Y, Huang J, Han D, Yao J, Liu Y. Can AI-assisted microscope facilitate breast HER2 interpretation? A multi-institutional ring study. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:443-449. [PMID: 34279719 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The level of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) protein and gene expression in breast cancer is an essential factor in judging the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Several investigations have shown high intraobserver and interobserver variability in the evaluation of HER2 staining by visual examination. In this study, we aim to propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted microscope to improve the HER2 assessment accuracy and reliability. Our AI-assisted microscope was equipped with a conventional microscope with a cell-level classification-based HER2 scoring algorithm and an augmented reality module to enable pathologists to obtain AI results in real time. We organized a three-round ring study of 50 infiltrating duct carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) cases without neoadjuvant treatment, and recruited 33 pathologists from 6 hospitals. In the first ring study (RS1), the pathologists read 50 HER2 whole-slide images (WSIs) through an online system. After a 2-week washout period, they read the HER2 slides using a conventional microscope in RS2. After another 2-week washout period, the pathologists used our AI microscope for assisted interpretation in RS3. The consistency and accuracy of HER2 assessment by the AI-assisted microscope were significantly improved (p < 0.001) over those obtained using a conventional microscope and online WSI. Specifically, our AI-assisted microscope improved the precision of immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3 + and 2 + scoring while ensuring the recall of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-positive results in IHC 2 + . Also, the average acceptance rate of AI for all pathologists was 0.90, demonstrating that the pathologists agreed with most AI scoring results.
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MESH Headings
- Artificial Intelligence
- Automation, Laboratory
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- China
- Female
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Microscopy/instrumentation
- Observer Variation
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yue
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Kezhou Yan
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijing Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Kuan Tian
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyao Niu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Junzhou Huang
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Tencent AI Lab, Nanshan District, Tencent Binhai Building, No. 33, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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3
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Custodio Rebollo Aguirre A, Sánchez Sánchez R, González Jiménez AD, Culiañez Casas M, Mendoza Arnau I, Rashki M, Rudolphi Solero T, Martínez Meca S. Combined procedure of marking axillary positive node with iodine-125 seed and sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 39:75-83. [PMID: 31759957 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present our initial experience in the combined procedure of intraoperative detection of axillary positive node marked with 125I seed (ML) and sentinel node biopsy (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study, January 2017 - March 2019, 16 breast cancer patients T1-3N1. TNM stage: IIA: 3, IIB: 10, IIIA: 3. Histological type ductal invasive: 14. Molecular subtype: luminal A: 3, luminal B: 9, HER2: 3, basal like: 1. The ML was marked 227±36 days before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n: 10), or 1-6 days before surgery, on previously identified node by ultrasound visibility marker, hydrogel (n: 3) or three dimensional-3D (n: 3). Axillary lymphadenectomy was undertaken in 10 patients. RESULTS ML and SLN were identified in the surgery in 93.7% (15/16) of the cases, in 33.3% (5/15) ML was not among SLN, and in only one patient (1/5) was there a discrepancy between the result of ML and SLN (macrometastases vs. negative 0/2). Median number of lymph nodes SLN: 2.2±0.9 (range 1-3) and AD: 13.5±5.2 (range 7-23). In all cases, histopathological analysis of ML, 125I seed and/or marker within, correctly predicted axillary status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In all patients the 125I radioactive seed was recovered. CONCLUSIONS Placing of 125I seeds is a feasible technique for intraoperative location of axillary positive node combined with SLN. The histopathological result of ML allows the axillary status to be determined after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Sánchez Sánchez
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - A D González Jiménez
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - M Culiañez Casas
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - I Mendoza Arnau
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - M Rashki
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - T Rudolphi Solero
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - S Martínez Meca
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
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Erdem O, Dursun A, Coşkun U, Günel N. The Prognostic Value of p53 and c-erbB-2 Expression, Proliferative Activity and Angiogenesis in Node-Negative Breast Carcinoma. Tumori 2019; 91:46-52. [PMID: 15850004 DOI: 10.1177/030089160509100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background p53, c-erbB-2 and Ki-67 protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34 antibody were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters including estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status and survival were investigated in patients with axillary lymph node-negative infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Methods The study population consisted of 47 patients with axillary lymph node-negative infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Results p53 and c-erbB-2 expression was detected in 36.2% and 31.9% of patients, respectively. Median Ki-67 expression was 10%. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of p53, Ki-67 and c-erbB-2 protein expression in relation to the age of the patients or to the size, histological grade or ER and PR status of the tumors. p53 protein expression correlated positively with c-erbB-2 and Ki-67 protein expression (P <0.05). The mean MVD was 63.65 ± 29.1 and it correlated positively with histological grade and Ki-67 expression (P <0.05). Survival analysis revealed that age, tumor size, p53 and c-erbB-2 expression and PR status had no significant prognostic impact, whereas histological grade, proliferative activity and angiogenic activity were significant prognostic factors. Although ER-positive patients had a statistically significant overall survival advantage, the difference in disease-free survival was not significant. Conclusion In axillary lymph node-negative breast carcinoma the histological grade and the proliferative and angiogenic activity of the tumor could be useful prognostic indicators.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Progesterone/analysis
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Erdem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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5
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Abstract
Purpose To study the clinical presentation and pathological features of secondary colonic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Materials and methods Six cases of colonic adenocarcinoma extending into the prostate were retrieved from the surgical pathology and autopsy files of the period 1985-1999. Immunostaining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was carried out in all cases. Clinical charts were also reviewed. Results Secondary colonic carcinoma spread into the prostatic stroma and along the prostatic ducts. In all four surgical cases, patients with a known history of rectal carcinoma presented with symptoms of urinary obstruction after 12 to 36 months of being free of recurrent or metastatic disease. In three surgical cases the secondary carcinoma involved the prostatic urethra in a form mimicking endometriod carcinoma, which led to an incorrect diagnosis of prostatic endometrioid carcinoma in one case. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to CK20 and CEA and not reactive to CK7, PAP and PSA. Conclusions Colonic carcinoma involving the prostate may mimic prostatic duct carcinoma due to the ductal and urethral involvement. Using a panel of immunostaining and clinical history is helpful in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien T Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Jakić-Razumović J, Petrovecki M, Uzarević B, Gamulin S. Mutual Predictive Value of c-erbB-2 Overexpression and Various Prognostic Factors in Ductal Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Tumori 2018; 86:30-6. [PMID: 10778763 DOI: 10.1177/030089160008600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, the prognosis of which correlates with various prognostic factors. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 overexpression in breast carcinoma patients in association with other known prognostic factors. METHODS & STUDY DESIGN The relationship between immunohistochemical expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and various established prognostic factors such as tumor size, axillary node status, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, DNA ploidy, proliferation index, cathepsin D expression and histological grade in invasive ductal breast carcinoma is presented in this study. RESULTS Of the 93 ductal invasive carcinomas 22 (23.7%) were grade I, 51 (54.8%) grade II, and 20 (21.5%) grade III, and the majority (78: 83.9%) were 2-5 cm in diameter. Tumor metastases were identified in one or more lymph nodes in 55 (59.1%) patients, the remaining 38 (40.9%) patients being lymph node negative. According to the DNA histograms 40 (43.0%) tumors were aneuploid and 53 (57.0%) were diploid, and the majority of tumors had more than 4% of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle (83.9%). Expression of c-erbB-2 as shown by immunohistochemical intense membrane staining was present in 49 (52.7%) tumors. Cathepsin D-positive cytoplasmic granular staining and cathepsin D-positive stromal macrophages were found in 60 (64.5%) and 72 (77.4%) tumors, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that overall survival correlated significantly with axillary lymph node involvement and with estrogen and progesterone receptor status for each of the receptors separately and for their coexpression, and only marginally with c-erbB-2 overexpression. In mulitivariate analysis only axillary lymph node metastases and coexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors were found to be independent and significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS When patients were stratified according to c-erbB-2 expression it was shown that those with c-erbB-2 overexpression and grade II tumors, tumor size greater than 2 cm, high content of aneuploid cells and cathepsin D-positive stromal macrophages had a shorter long-term survival than c-erbB-2 negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jakić-Razumović
- Department of Pathology, Zagreb Clinical Hospital Center and University School of Medicine, Croatia.
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García Muñiz JL, Alvarez A, Fernández Llana B, Fernández Raigoso P, Allende MT, Ruibal A. Cytosolic tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in ductal infiltrating carcinomas of the breast classified according to different clinical and biological parameters. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 10:119-21. [PMID: 7561238 DOI: 10.1177/172460089501000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Ruibal A, Schneider J, del Rio C, Arias J, Núñez MJ, Piqueras V, Tejerina A. pS2 Negativity in Postmenopausal Women with ER+PgR+ Infiltrating Ductal Breast Carcinoma is Associated with Reduced Hormone Dependence and Increased Proliferation and Aneuploidy of the Tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 14:186-8. [PMID: 10569142 DOI: 10.1177/172460089901400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gerdes MJ, Gökmen-Polar Y, Sui Y, Pang AS, LaPlante N, Harris AL, Tan PH, Ginty F, Badve SS. Single-cell heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ of breast. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:406-417. [PMID: 29148540 PMCID: PMC6192037 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous patterns of mutations and RNA expression have been well documented in invasive cancers. However, technological challenges have limited the ability to study heterogeneity of protein expression. This is particularly true for pre-invasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cell-level heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ was analyzed in a single 5 μm tissue section using a multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of 11 disease-related markers (EGFR, HER2, HER4, S6, pmTOR, CD44v6, SLC7A5 and CD10, CD4, CD8 and CD20, plus pan-cytokeratin, pan-cadherin, DAPI, and Na+K+ATPase for cell segmentation). Expression was quantified at cell level using a single-cell segmentation algorithm. K-means clustering was used to determine co-expression patterns of epithelial cell markers and immune markers. We document for the first time the presence of epithelial cell heterogeneity within ducts, between ducts and between patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. There was moderate heterogeneity in a distribution of eight clusters within each duct (average Shannon index 0.76; range 0-1.61). Furthermore, within each patient, the average Shannon index across all ducts ranged from 0.33 to 1.02 (s.d. 0.09-0.38). As the distribution of clusters within ducts was uneven, the analysis of eight ducts might be sufficient to represent all the clusters ie within- and between-duct heterogeneity. The pattern of epithelial cell clustering was associated with the presence and type of immune infiltrates, indicating a complex interaction between the epithelial tumor and immune system for each patient. This analysis also provides the first evidence that simultaneous analysis of both the epithelial and immune/stromal components might be necessary to understand the complex milieu in ductal carcinoma in situ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gerdes
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunxia Sui
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Hara K, Yoshitomi S, Tsuji H. [A Case of the Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Serious Comorbidities Obtained a Good Local Control]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018; 45:365-367. [PMID: 29483449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 66-years-old woman was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of a huge exposed left breast mass, associated massive exudates, bleedingand foul-smelling discharge. Invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed by core needle biopsy. The computed tomography showed left axillary lymph node metastases and no distant metastasis. Her performance status(PS) was Grade 3. She had serious comorbidities such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis, renal dysfunction. DMpC therapy and Mohs paste therapy were started since her overall status was improved. The huge left breast tumor and left axillary lymph node metastases were reduced remarkably. Total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection and free skin grafting was perfomed, and PS was improved to Grade 0, She received DMpC therapy for 4 months postoperatively, and radiotherapy at left chest wall and supraclavicular fossa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hara
- Dept. of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Japanease Red Cross Okayama Hospital
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11
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Xu J, Li F, Chang F. Correlation of the ultrasound imaging of breast cancer and the expression of molecular biological indexes. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:1425-1430. [PMID: 29043992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to 137 cases of breast malignant tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected. All patients received ultrasound examination and were not treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy before operation. The preoperative ultrasound images of breast cancer patients and postoperative pathological characteristics of paraffin sections were retrospectively observed. Ultrasound indicators included tumor size, shape, ratio of the longest/shortest dimension, edge of the spiculation and peripheral hyperechoic halo sign, internal echo types, micro calcification, posterior echo types, blood flow and signs of lymph node metastasis. The pathological indexes included histological type, infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), histological grading, cancer tissue in the interior and edge of the lesion and stroma and expression of molecular biology indexes (ER, PR and C-erbB-2). The correlation of ultrasound imaging of breast cancer and his to pathological type and grading were analyzed and the ultrasounic characteristics and the his to pathological features was compared; then to explore the correlation of ultrasonic imaging of breast cancer and the expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2. the tumor size of IDC (>2cm) was lager than that of the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the early-stage IDC, with statistical significance (P<0.05), but compared with the specific carcinoma of breast (P>0.05). The ratio of irregular mass of IDC was more than that of the specific carcinoma of breast (P<0.05), but without statistical significance compared with the DCIS and early-stage IDC (P>0.05). The spiculate margin in the IDC was more than that of the early-stage IDC, DCIS and specific carcinoma of breast (P>0.05). The ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension, peripheral hyperechoic halo sign, internal echo, micro calfication, posterior echo types were not related to the types of breast cancer (P>0.05). The irregular mass rate in the III IDC were much higher than that in the I and II level IDC (P>0.05). The posterior echo attenuation in the I IDC was much higher than the II and III IDC (P>0.05). The tumor size, spiculate margin, peripheral hyperechoic halo, internal echo types, micro calcification were not significantly related to the histological grading of IDC. The tumor with larger size (>2cm), enhanced posterior echo, or lower internal echo will have a high histological classification and high rate of cancer tissue (P<0.05). The tumor with enhanced peripheral hyperechoic halo sign will have a higher histological classification and higher rate of cancer tissue in the peripheral tissues, compared with the tumors without halo (P<0.05). The tumor shape, ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension, spiculate margin were not significantly related to the internal tissues (P>0.05). The ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension (>1), spiculate margin and halo signs were related to the positive expression of ER and PR (P<0.05). The internal necrosis was related to the negative expression of PR, (P<0.05). The tumor size, shape, posterior echo types and blood flow were not significantly related to the expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 (P>0.05).
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Retrospective Studies
- Tumor Burden
- Ultrasonography, Mammary
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Ultrasound Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- CT Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Fengling Chang
- Ultrasound Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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13
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Alnajar H, Rosen L, Javidiparsijani S, Al-Ghamdi Y, Gattuso P. Prognostic Markers and Histologic Subtypes in Patients with Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Breast Cancer. Acta Cytol 2017; 61:140-144. [PMID: 28231581 DOI: 10.1159/000455115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is a rare complication in breast cancer patients. It is defined as a diffuse or multifocal leptomeningeal metastasis. STUDY DESIGN From our institution database, we retrospectively studied 19 patients diagnosed with MC in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 1997-2015, in order to evaluate tumor prognostic markers, histologic subtypes, and clinical outcome. RESULTS All patients were female, with a mean age of 53 years (range 36-75 years). The mean interval between diagnosis of breast carcinoma and MC was 28 months (range 6-62 months). The median survival from the time of diagnosis was 2 months (1-51 months). Sixteen cases (84%) were the ductal phenotype, 62% of which were of a high grade (grade 3), and 3 cases (16%) were lobular. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive on immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 53 and 33% of patients, respectively. HER2 IHC was positive (3+) in 20% of the cases; all were amplified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The incidence of MC in triple-negative tumors was 40%. Twelve patients (63%) already had known metastasis at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Most cases of MC are high-grade ductal. MC is more common in triple-negative breast cancers. The outcome of these breast cancer patients with MC was poor. There was no survival difference according to age, histologic subtype, grade, or hormonal or HER2 status.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Databases, Factual
- Female
- Humans
- Illinois
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Meningeal Carcinomatosis/mortality
- Meningeal Carcinomatosis/secondary
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Time Factors
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Alnajar
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Abstract
Conditional disease-free survival (CDFS) reflects changes over time. Because traditional disease-free survival (DFS) is estimated from the date of diagnosis, it is limited in the ability to predict risk of recurrence in patients who have been disease free. In this study, we determined CDFS of breast cancer patients and estimated the prognostic factors for DFS.We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 7587 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for breast cancer between January 2004 and December 2013 at Samsung Medical Center. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for DFS, which was computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. CDFS rates were based on cumulative DFS estimates.Median follow-up duration was 20.59 months. Three-year DFS was 93.46% at baseline. Three-year CDFS survival estimates for patients who had been disease free for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after treatment were calculated as 92.84%, 92.37%, 93.03%, 89.41%, and 79.64%, respectively. Three-year CDFS increased continuously each year after 1 year of DFS in hormone receptor (HR)-negative patients but decreased each year in HR-positive patients.In HR-positive patients who are disease free after 3 years, continuous care including surveillance and metastases workup should be considered, although this is not recommended in the current guidelines. On the other hand, the social costs may be reduced in HR-negative patients by extending the surveillance interval. Further studies are needed to identify indicators of DFS prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Blood Vessels/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphatic Vessels/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mitotic Index
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Retrospective Studies
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-June Paik
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyungkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jai Min Ryu
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Sungmin Park
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Isaac Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Jonghan Yu
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center
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15
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Jinno T, Kurumiya Y, Niwa T, Sekoguchi E, Kobayashi S, Kawai K, Kiriyama M. [Two Cases of ER-Positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer That Increased in Size during Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016; 43:2539-2542. [PMID: 28028261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The first patient was a 62-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with the complaint of a left breast tumor. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma(T1N0M0, stage I). The tumor was ER-positive, PgR-negative, and HER2- negative. She was treated with toremifene, letrozole, and anastrozole as neoadjuvant hormone therapy for 4 months, but the tumor increased in size. The clinical response was judged as progressive disease, and a left partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed after surgery. The second patient was a 68-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with the complaint of a right breast tumor. She was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma(T1N0M0, stage I). The tumor was ER-positive, PgR-negative, and HER2-negative. She was treated with letrozole as neoadjuvant hormone therapy for 4 months, but the tumor increased in size. The clinical response was judged as progressive disease, and a right partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed after surgery. Although the evidence is still insufficient, with neoadjuvant hormone therapy for hormone-sensitive breast cancer, improved tumor shrinkage and breast conservation have been reported. We experienced two cases in which the tumor increased in size during neoadjuvant hormone therapy; however, even though these cases showed no apparent effect, chemotherapy may be effective in future cases.
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16
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Yamamoto D, Yamamoto C, Yamamoto M. [A Case of Interstitial Pneumonitis Induced by Lapatinib plus Letrozole]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016; 43:2059-2061. [PMID: 28133221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lapatinib is an orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of the intracellular domain of both the HER2 protein and the epidermal growth factor receptor. This dual inhibitor can effectively prevent the downstream signal transduction initiated by a tyrosine kinase, thereby reducing the proliferation rate of tumor cells. Lapatinib was demonstrated to be beneficial in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. We present here a case of interstitial pneumonitis that occurred after lapatinib treatment. A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stage III infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy in January 2009, followed by anthracycline and paclitaxel plus trastuzumab administration. In November 2015, lung metastatic disease was detected. Therefore, lapatinib plus letrozole administration was initiated. Twelve days after starting treatment, she developed severe eruptions along with dyspnea. Radiography and a CT scan showed a diffuse ground glass shadow. Both her symptoms and the radiographic findings improved dramatically after the start of high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Clinicians should be aware that lapatinib has the potential to cause lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Yamamoto
- Dept. of Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center
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17
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El Amine O, Ouni R, Adouni O, Goucha A, Ben Hassouna J, Rahal K, El May A, Gamoudi A. Comparative study of two complementary proliferation markers in 200 breast carcinomas: Ki67 and mitotic index. Tunis Med 2016; 94:587-593. [PMID: 28685793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of the proliferation in the mammary carcinomas provides useful prognostic and predictive information for subsequent management. The purely morphological evaluation of proliferative activity was represented by the evaluation of mitotic index. New analytical methods were gradually developed and performed. Among these methods, evaluation of Ki67 by immunohistochemistry is particularly interesting. Its expression is significantly increased in the cell cycle. AIM To correlate the mitotic index as a classic method of assessing cell proliferation and Ki 67 proliferation index detected by immunohistochemistry to identify the most reliable proliferative marker. METHODS We studied 200 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma breast over a period of 12 months of 2014. We identified in each case the SBR grade, Ki67 proliferation index and the mitotic index. Correlation between the two parameters was identified using the Spearman test. A result is considered significant when p < 0.01. The distribution of these markers by SBR gradewas studied using the ANOVA method. RESULTS Ki67 is significantly correlated to the mitotic index. Although these two methods are dependent, Ki67 is the most sensitive and bonded to SBR grade. Determination of Ki67 provides interesting information that could replace the mitotic account. It provides reliable and reproducible data that can be incorporated into a prognostic score. CONCLUSION Ki67 is a more efficient marker mitotic index, reflecting the cell proliferation.
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18
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El Amine O, Ouni R, Adouni O, Goucha A, Ben Hassouna J, Rahal K, El May A, Gamoudi A. Comparative study of two complementary proliferation markers in 200 breast carcinomas: Ki67 and mitotic index. Tunis Med 2016; 94:587-593. [PMID: 28972249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of the proliferation in the mammary carcinomas provides useful prognostic and predictive information for subsequent management. The purely morphological evaluation of proliferative activity was represented by the evaluation of mitotic index. New analytical methods were gradually developed and performed. Among these methods, evaluation of Ki67 by immunohistochemistry is particularly interesting. Its expression is significantly increased in the cell cycle. AIM To correlate the mitotic index as a classic method of assessing cell proliferation and Ki 67 proliferation index detected by immunohistochemistry to identify the most reliable proliferative marker. METHODS We studied 200 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma breast over a period of 12 months of 2014. We identified in each case the SBR grade, Ki67 proliferation index and the mitotic index. Correlation between the two parameters was identified using the Spearman test. A result is considered significant when p < 0.01. The distribution of these markers by SBR gradewas studied using the ANOVA method. RESULTS Ki67 is significantly correlated to the mitotic index. Although these two methods are dependent, Ki67 is the most sensitive and bonded to SBR grade. Determination of Ki67 provides interesting information that could replace the mitotic account. It provides reliable and reproducible data that can be incorporated into a prognostic score. CONCLUSION Ki67 is a more efficient marker mitotic index, reflecting the cell proliferation.
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19
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Hamaoka A, Matsuda T, Konishi E, Taguchi T. [A Case of Luminal-HER2 Advanced Breast Cancer with Liver Metastasis Showed Pathological Complete Response to the Therapy with Pertuzumab plus Trastuzumab plus Docetaxel]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016; 43:1097-1100. [PMID: 27628551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 56-year-old woman noticed a mass on her left breast and visited our hospital. An irregular mass of 3 cm with associated axillary lymphadenopathy was detected under the nipple of the left breast. After further evaluations, the diagnosis was an invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhous carcinoma)ofLuminal -HER2 type with liver metastases(cT4bN1M1, Stage IV). Treatment was initiated with a combination ofpertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel(PTD). The primary tumor showed a clinical complete response, and the liver metastases and the axillary lymph node metastases showed a partial response. Docetaxel was excluded after the 8th cycle because the patient experienced severe edema. After 15 cycles of therapy, the primary tumor was resected, and pathological examination revealed a pathological complete response ofthe primary lesion. Thus, PTD combination therapy is effective for Stage IV metastatic breast cancer ofthe Luminal-HER2 type.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Docetaxel
- Female
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phenobarbital/analysis
- Phenobarbital/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Taxoids/administration & dosage
- Trastuzumab/administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
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20
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Fuckar D, Dekanić A, Stifter S, Mustać E, Krstulja M, Dobrila F, Jonjić N. VEGF Expression is Associated with Negative Estrogen Receptor Status in Patients with Breast Cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 14:49-55. [PMID: 16501835 DOI: 10.1177/106689690601400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression on tumor cells and other clinicopathologic parameters in breast cancer that could give additional information on its prognostic significance. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of VEGF, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, and Ki67 was performed in 233 breast cancers. VEGF expression estimated semiquantitatively was correlated with all the above-mentioned parameters as well as with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer such as menopausal status of patients, tumor size, histologic and nuclear grade, vascular invasion, and lymph node status. Most of the tumor cells and some stromal components expressed VEGF. A higher percentage of VEGF-positive tumor cells was present in premenopausal patients and in ER-negative tumors. In postmenopausal patients tumors with a higher expression of VEGF were associated not only with ER-negative but also with HER-2/neu-positive tumor cells. These ER-negative tumors were characterized by a higher proliferative activity. Angiogenic switch as well as proliferative activity of breast cancer cells probably are unfavorably dependent on estrogen activity. This negative correlation between VEGF expression and ER status may not only shed more light on tumor biology but may also have future therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Menopause
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Fuckar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
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21
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Kuroda N, Sugimoto T, Takahashi T, Moriki T, Toi M, Miyazaki E, Hiroi M, Enzan H. Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast: An Immunohistochemical Study of Neoplastic and Stromal Cells. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 13:51-5. [PMID: 15735855 DOI: 10.1177/106689690501300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old woman complained of a palpable mass in the right breast, and a needle biopsy disclosed small clusters of neoplastic cells in the fibrous stroma. The small clusters did not contain fibrovascular cores but exhibited micropapillary configuration. Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunohistochemistry confirmed the reverse polarity of the neoplastic cells. Additionally, the plasma membrane of many neoplastic cells stained with E-cadherin and f-catenin. Myofibroblasts, which were positive for alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and negative for cytokeratin 14, were abundant in the neoplastic stroma, but no CD34-positive stromal cells were observed in the neoplastic stroma. For comparison, 3 additional cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMC) and 4 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were studied. Similar results for stromal cells were obtained in all cases. Our results from this preliminary investigation suggest that CD34-positive stromal cells may disappear from the stroma of IMC as well as IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
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22
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Harris LN, Ismaila N, McShane LM, Andre F, Collyar DE, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hammond EH, Kuderer NM, Liu MC, Mennel RG, Van Poznak C, Bast RC, Hayes DF. Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Women With Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:1134-50. [PMID: 26858339 PMCID: PMC4933134 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide recommendations on appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay results to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer. METHODS A literature search and prospectively defined study selection sought systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, prospective-retrospective studies, and prospective comparative observational studies published from 2006 through 2014. Outcomes of interest included overall survival and disease-free or recurrence-free survival. Expert panel members used informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 50 relevant studies. One randomized clinical trial and 18 prospective-retrospective studies were found to have evaluated the clinical utility, as defined by the guideline, of specific biomarkers for guiding decisions on the need for adjuvant systemic therapy. No studies that met guideline criteria for clinical utility were found to guide choice of specific treatments or regimens. RECOMMENDATIONS In addition to estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the panel found sufficient evidence of clinical utility for the biomarker assays Oncotype DX, EndoPredict, PAM50, Breast Cancer Index, and urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in specific subgroups of breast cancer. No biomarker except for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was found to guide choices of specific treatment regimens. Treatment decisions should also consider disease stage, comorbidities, and patient preferences.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Clinical Decision-Making/methods
- Comorbidity
- Disease-Free Survival
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasm Staging
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/analysis
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Reproducibility of Results
- Survival Analysis
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay N Harris
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nofisat Ismaila
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Lisa M McShane
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fabrice Andre
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deborah E Collyar
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elizabeth H Hammond
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicole M Kuderer
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert G Mennel
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catherine Van Poznak
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert C Bast
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- Lyndsay N. Harris, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Lisa M. McShane, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Fabrice Andre, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; Deborah E. Collyar, Patient Advocates in Research; Elizabeth H. Hammond, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT; Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo and Robert C. Bast, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Robert G.Mennel, Baylor University Medical Center and Texas Oncology PA, Dallas, TX; Nicole M. Kuderer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Minetta C. Liu, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; and Catherine Van Poznak and Daniel F. Hayes, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Hilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Edward H Romond
- Division of Medical Oncology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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24
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Panagiotopoulos N, Lagoudianakis E, Pappas A, Filis K, Salemis N, Manouras A, Kontzoglou K, Zografos G. Lymphovascular infiltration in the tumor bed is a useful marker of biological behavior in breast cancer. J BUON 2016; 21:1082-1089. [PMID: 27837608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cells can metastasize by entering existing vessels or new vessels actively recruited into the primary tumor. Invasion of the lymphatics and blood vessels in the periphery of the tumor seems to be a prerequisite step in the metastatic process. The aim of this study was to correlate peripheral lymphatic vessel infiltration (PLI) and peripheral blood vessel infiltration (PVI) in a cohort of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with various other prognostic parameters and outcome. METHODS The study population consisted of 236 female patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas, who had been operated between 2011 and 2013. The registered data included age at diagnosis, histological subtype, tumor size, TNM stage, histological grade, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), HER-2, p53, and PLI and PVI. RESULTS Pathological examination revealed that 22.5% of the patients had PVI and 37.3% had PLI at the tumor front. PVI correlated with younger age (p<0.05), higher histologic grade (p<0.05), advanced TNM stage (p<0.05), higher T stage (p<0.05), higher N stage (p<0.05) and positive Ki67 expression (p<0.05). Similarly, PLI correlated with higher histologic grade (p<0.05), advanced TNM stage (p<0.05), higher T stage (p<0.05) and higher N stage (p<0.05). Statistical analysis did not reveal significant correlation between the presence of tumor blood and lymphatic vessels with infiltration in overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). CONCLUSIONS PLI and PVI are important markers of worse clinical outcome as shown by their association with other established factors, but no association with recurrence and survival could be proven.
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25
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Baliou E, Nonni A, Keramopoulos D, Ragos V, Tsiambas E, Patsouris E, Pavlakis K. Deregulation of p53-MDM2 auto-regulatory pathway in breast carcinoma. J BUON 2016; 21:1099-1103. [PMID: 27837610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 tumor suppressor protein (17p13.1) regulates critically the cell cycle and thus it is involved in cancer initiation and prevention. The gene is frequently mutated in breast cancer patients and the mutations have been associated with poor prognosis and response rates to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to correlate p53 expression with MDM2, a proto-oncogene (12q14.3), which acts as a major negative regulator in p53-MDM2 auto-regulatory pathway. METHODS Seventy breast adenocarcinoma cases were included in the study. Sixty tumors were pathologically categorized as invasive ductal adenocarcinomas, whereas the rest of them were diagnosed as pure in situ carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied using anti-p53 and anti-MDM2 antibodies in the corresponding tissue sections. RESULTS Overexpression of p53 protein was observed in 39/60 (65%) invasive cases, while 40/60 (66.7%) expressed MDM2 protein. Interestingly, in 26/60 (43%) cases a combined p53/ MDM2 co-expression was detected, whereas in 7/60 (11%) a combined loss of expression was identified (overall co-expression: p=0.999). Concerning in situ carcinomas, co-expression of p53/MDM2 was observed in 7/10 (70%) cases. CONCLUSIONS MDM2 oncogene overexpression - predominantly due to gene amplification - is a frequent and critical genetic event in both in situ and invasive breast adenocarcinomas. Accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus of tumor cells harboring mutant p53 - as the result of its overexpression - does not mean necessarily decreased expression of MDM2. MDM2 directly binds to p53 and represses its transcriptional activity promoting p53 degradation. So targeting the molecule, p53's crucial tumor suppressor function is normally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Baliou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Huo Z, Gao Y, Yu Z, Zuo W, Zhang Y. Metastasis of breast cancer to renal cancer: report of a rare case. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:15417-15421. [PMID: 26823905 PMCID: PMC4713691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare phenomenon. We present a case of an invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast metastasizing to a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Breast cancer (BC) metastasis to the RCC is rarely reported, especially in resected kidney tumor. In several cases reported, IDC was the exclusively histologic type of BC metastasized to RCC. It seems that the different molecular type of IDC doesn't affect the metastatic tendencies to RCC. TTM was an indicator of diffuse disease. For any patient with a history of breast cancer, especially with multi-organs metastasis, resection of kidney tumor should be carefully considered.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/chemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/secondary
- Mastectomy, Modified Radical
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Nephrectomy
- Time Factors
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Huo
- Department of Breast Disease Centre, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesPeople’s Republic of China, Shandong, China
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesPeople’s Republic of China, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast Disease Centre, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesPeople’s Republic of China, Shandong, China
| | - Wenshu Zuo
- Department of Breast Disease Centre, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesPeople’s Republic of China, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Laiyang Central HospitalChangshan Road, Laiyang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, Shandong, China
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27
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Proctor E, Kidwell KM, Jiagge E, Bensenhaver J, Awuah B, Gyan K, Toy K, Oppong JK, Kyei I, Aitpillah F, Osei-Bonsu E, Adjei E, Ohene-Yeboah M, Brewer RN, Fondjo LA, Owusu-Afriyie O, Wicha M, Merajver S, Kleer C, Newman L. Characterizing Breast Cancer in a Population with Increased Prevalence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Androgen Receptor and ALDH1 Expression in Ghanaian Women. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:3831-5. [PMID: 25743329 PMCID: PMC5434705 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) is a commonly-expressed hormone receptor in breast cancer and may be a marker of response to targeted anti-androgen therapy, a particularly attractive option for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Gene expression studies suggest that ARs may distinguish a luminal/AR TNBC subtype from stem cell-like subtypes. TNBC frequency is two to three times higher in African American and African breast cancers compared with White American and European breast cancers, yet little is known regarding TNBC subtypes in high-frequency African-ancestry populations. We evaluated ARs and the mammary stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) among breast cancers from Ghana, Africa. METHODS Overall, 147 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancers from the Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital in Ghana were studied at the University of Michigan, and analyzed immunohistochemically for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, ALDH1, and AR expression. RESULTS The median age of patients was 45 years. Only 31 cases (21 %) were ER-positive, and 14 (10 %) were HER2-positive; 89 (61 %) were TNBCs. For the entire group, 44 % were AR-positive and 45 % were ALDH1-positive. ER/PR-positive tumors were more likely to be AR-positive compared with ER/PR-negative tumors (87 vs. 26 %; p < 0.0001), but there was no association between ALDH1 and AR expression. Among the TNBC cases, 45 % were ALDH1-positive and 24 % were AR-positive. ALDH1 positivity was associated with AR positivity within the subset of TNBC (36 vs. 14 %; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION We confirmed other studies showing a high frequency of TNBC in Africa. Surprisingly, ALDH1 was found to correlate with AR expression among TNBC, suggesting that novel TNBC subtypes may exist among populations with African ancestry.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology
- Female
- Ghana/epidemiology
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Prevalence
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Androgen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/analysis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelley M Kidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evelyn Jiagge
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Bensenhaver
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Baffour Awuah
- Department of Oncology, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Gyan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathy Toy
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ishmael Kyei
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Aitpillah
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Osei-Bonsu
- Department of Oncology, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Adjei
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Osei Owusu-Afriyie
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Max Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sofia Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Celina Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Newman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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28
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Chen HL, Ding A. Comparison of invasive micropapillary and triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast 2015; 24:723-31. [PMID: 26392199 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are both aggressive subtypes, but little information is available on their comparison. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 95 IMPC and 200 TNBC-IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) was conducted to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and survivals. RESULTS For IMPC, pN was the independent prognostic factor of local-regional recurrence free survival (LRRFS) (P = 0.045) and metastasis free survival (MFS) (P = 0.048), but not of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.165). For TNBC, pT and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were both independent prognostic factors of MFS (pT: P = 0.006, LVI: P = 0.010) and OS (pT: P = 0.006, LVI: P = 0.001), but not for LRRFS (pT: P = 0.060, LVI: P = 0.503). IMPC exhibited more aggressive features than TNBC, including larger tumor size, a greater proportion of nodal involvement, and an increased incidence of LVI. After a median follow-up duration of 61 months, 5y-LRRFS rate was lower in IMPC than in TNBC, in entire cohort (71.4 ± 4.8% vs. 89.8 ± 2.2%, P < 0.001) and in node positive cases (64.2 ± 5.9% vs. 81.7 ± 4.4%, P = 0.048). A tendency of lower 5y-MFS rate was observed in TNBC compared with in IMPC, in node positive cases (63.8 ± 5.5% vs. 74.8 ± 5.5%, P = 0.053) and in node negative cases (80.1 ± 3.6% vs. 96.2 ± 3.8%, P = 0.052), but it did not reach significance. 5y-OS was similar between IMPC and TNBC (81.9 ± 4.7% vs. 79.8 ± 3.1%, P = 0.475). CONCLUSIONS IMPC is featured with high rate of lymph node involvement which is strongly associated with high rate of LRR. TNBC is featured with high rate of early distant metastasis without increase of nodal metastases. The survival is still relatively poor even in node negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ang Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China.
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29
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Metzger Filho O, Giobbie-Hurder A, Mallon E, Gusterson B, Viale G, Winer EP, Thürlimann B, Gelber RD, Colleoni M, Ejlertsen B, Debled M, Price KN, Regan MM, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A. Relative Effectiveness of Letrozole Compared With Tamoxifen for Patients With Lobular Carcinoma in the BIG 1-98 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2772-9. [PMID: 26215945 PMCID: PMC4550691 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.60.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relative effectiveness of letrozole compared with tamoxifen for patients with invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or classic invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) who were randomly assigned onto the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 trial and who had centrally reviewed pathology data were included (N = 2,923). HER2-negative IDC and ILC were additionally classified as hormone receptor-positive with high (luminal B [LB] -like) or low (luminal A [LA] -like) proliferative activity by Ki-67 labeling index. Survival analyses were performed with weighted Cox models that used inverse probability of censoring weighted modeling. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 8.1 years. In multivariable models for disease-free survival (DFS), significant interactions between treatment and histology (ILC or IDC; P = .006) and treatment and subgroup (LB like or LA like; P = .01) were observed. In the ILC subset, there was a 66% reduction in the hazard of a DFS event with letrozole for LB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.55) and a 50% reduction for LA subtypes (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.78). In the IDC subset, there was a significant 35% reduction in the hazard of a DFS event with letrozole for the LB subtype (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79), but no difference between treatments was noted for IDC and the LA subtype (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.20). CONCLUSION The magnitude of benefit of adjuvant letrozole is greater for patients diagnosed with lobular carcinoma versus ductal carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Letrozole
- Middle Aged
- Nitriles/therapeutic use
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Metzger Filho
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Mallon
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barry Gusterson
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric P Winer
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beat Thürlimann
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D Gelber
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Debled
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen N Price
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meredith M Regan
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alan S Coates
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aron Goldhirsch
- Otto Metzger Filho, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, and Eric P. Winer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber and Meredith M. Regan, Harvard Medical School; Karen N. Price, Frontier Science and Technology Research, Boston, MA; Elizabeth Mallon, Southern General Hospital; Barry Gusterson, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Beat Thürlimann, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Marc Debled, Institut Bergoniié, Bordeaux, France; and Alan S. Coates, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ben–Baruch NE, Bose R, Kavuri SM, Ma CX, Ellis MJ. HER2-Mutated Breast Cancer Responds to Treatment With Single-Agent Neratinib, a Second-Generation HER2/EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 13:1061-4. [PMID: 26358790 PMCID: PMC4701428 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the HER2 tyrosine kinase have been identified in human breast cancers that lack HER2 gene amplification. These patients are not candidates for HER2-targeted drugs under current standards of care, but preclinical data strongly suggest that these patients will benefit from anti-HER2 drugs. This case report describes a young woman with metastatic breast cancer whose tumor was found to carry a HER2 L755S mutation, which is in the kinase domain of HER2. Treatment with the second-generation HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib resulted in partial response and dramatic improvement in the patient's functional status. This partial response lasted 11 months, and when the patient's cancer progressed, she was treated with neratinib plus capecitabine and her cancer again responded. This second response parallels the benefit seen with continuing trastuzumab in HER2-amplified breast cancer after disease progression. This case represents the first report, to our knowledge, of successful single-agent treatment of HER2-mutated breast cancer. Two clinical trials of neratinib for HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer are currently enrolling patients. Further, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project have identified HER2 mutations in a wide range of solid tumors, including bladder, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancers, suggesting that clinical trials of neratinib or neratinib-based combinations for HER2-mutated solid tumors is warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Capecitabine/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Retreatment
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Bose
- Breast Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shyam M. Kavuri
- Breast Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- Breast Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew J. Ellis
- Breast Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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31
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Kim MJ, Jung WH, Koo JS. Expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer according to the androgen receptor and HER-2 status. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7967-7977. [PMID: 26339363 PMCID: PMC4555691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sarcosine metabolism related proteins according to androgen receptor (AR) and HER-2 status in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer and to analyze its clinical implications. Tissue microarray was constructed for a total of 334 cases of ER negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemical stain was conducted for sarcosine metabolism related proteins such as glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), and l-pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX). There were 131 AR positive, 205 AR negative cases and 143 HER-2 positive, 193 HER-2 negative cases. When subdividing into four groups according to AR and HER-2 status, there were 55 AR(+)/HER-2(-) cases, 76 AR(+)/HER-2(+) cases, 67 AR(-)/HER-2(+) cases and 138 AR(-)/HER-2(-) cases. GNMT and PIPOX expression was highest in the AR(+)/HER-2(-) group while expressed lowest in the AR(-)/HER-2(-) group (P<0.001). Stromal PIPOX expression was highest in the AR(-)/HER-2(+) group and lowest in the AR(-)/HER-2(-) group (P=0.010). GNMT and PIPOX expression was higher in the AR positive group compared with those of AR negative group (P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), while tumoral and stromal PIPOX expression showed a significant association with HER-2 positivity (P=0.006, and P=0.005, respectively). AR positive group had the highest ratio of low sarcosine type while the AR negative group had the highest ratio of null type (P<0.001). In conclusion, ER negative breast cancer showed different expression of sarcosine metabolism related proteins according to AR and HER-2 status. GNMT and PIPOX expression was high in the AR positive group while tumoral and stromal PIPOX expression was high in the HER-2 positive group.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Glycine N-Methyltransferase/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Androgen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/deficiency
- Sarcosine/metabolism
- Sarcosine Dehydrogenase/analysis
- Sarcosine Oxidase/analysis
- Stromal Cells/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
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Xiao J, Zhou Y, Zhu W. Association of ultrasonographic features with NGX6 expression and prognosis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:6458-6465. [PMID: 26261522 PMCID: PMC4525856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated gene 6 (NGX6) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene. It contains one epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Many studies have shown that proteins contain (EGF)-like domain structure affect a variety of biological actions. However, little is known about the relationships between NGX6 expression and biological behaviors in invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDBC). The study discussed the association of ultrasonographic features with NGX6 expression and prognosis in IDBC. METHODS Ultrasonographic feature and clinical data in 122 patients with IDBC were retrospectively analyzed. NGX6 expression of IDBC was measured using immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS The incidence of the burr sign, lymph node metastasis and abundance blood flow in NGX6 expression negative groups were higher than those in positive groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the association between NGX6 positive expression and higher disease-free survival (DFS) or higher overall survival (OS); Lymph node metastasis is associated with lower DFS or lower OS; Lower blood flow grade is associated with higher DFS. In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, NGX6 expression, lymph node metastasis, TNM and the blood flow grade were the independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS of IDBC. CONCLUSIONS ultrasonographic features are associated with NGX6 expression in IDBC. NGX6 is involved in the invasion and metastasis activity of IDBC. Our results suggest that NGX6 may be employed as a promising prognostic factor and useful therapeutic target for IDBC. Combination of ultrasonic findings and NGX6 detection may yield clinically useful information for IDBC prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Regional Blood Flow
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/analysis
- Ultrasonography, Mammary
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Xiao
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha City 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanquan Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha City 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha City 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Zhu D, Fang C, Chen H, Wu C. Synchronous breast carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a Chinese young female: a rare combination. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:5952-5954. [PMID: 26191326 PMCID: PMC4503197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common lymphoid malignancies in western countries, however, infrequent in Eastern countries. We report on a rare case of synchronous breast carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a Chinese female patient. A 47-year-old female patient who presented with right breast lump for three month was admitted to our hospital. An ultrasound scan showed two mass in right breast and axillary swollen lymph node. Then, this patient was given right mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Histology report showed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (grade I) and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL). Bone marrow was infiltrated by CLL cell. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Chinese patient suffering from breast carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- China
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/surgery
- Lymph Node Excision
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Ultrasonography, Mammary
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, China
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, China
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34
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Lee SM, Kang EJ, Kim JH, Yun JM, Sun DS, Ko YH, Won HS. Triple-negative breast cancer that progressed as estrogen receptor-positive skin metastases. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:411-4. [PMID: 25995674 PMCID: PMC4438298 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jong Min Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Der Sheng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
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35
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Xue F, Liu ZL, Zhang Q, Kong XN, Liu WZ. Mesorectum localization as a special kind of rectal metastasis from breast cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4408-12. [PMID: 25892895 PMCID: PMC4394106 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer can metastasize to other organs following initial treatment. Bones, liver, and the lung are the most common sites of breast cancer metastases. The digestive tract, on the other hand, is rarely involved. The incidence of mesorectal metastasis (a special category of rectal metastases) from breast cancer has not been described before. The case reported herein concerns a 68-year-old woman who underwent mastectomy. A pelvic mass with no symptoms was subsequently identified by computed tomography in the patient. We ultimately confirmed that this mass was a metastasis from breast cancer located in the mesorectum using surgical exploration and pathology results.
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36
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Abstract
Correct and consistent results in estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 and Ki67 proliferation rate testing are a basic prerequisite for selecting therapy and individualizing prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma. Preanalytic factors, including time from excision to fixation and time and type of fixation, are critical to obtain reproducible and reliable results in these immunohistochemical assays and their relevance has long been stressed. The ASCO-CAP guidelines on HER2 testing indicated that histologic material including both biopsies and surgical specimens must be fixed for at least 6 h in order to obtain reliable results; however, there is a very limited scientific support regarding the setting at 6 h the minimum fixation time. We demonstrate that with a short fixation time (30') and rapid processing with MW technology (69'), it is possible to achieve an adequate and reproducible assessment of HER2 status. We obtained similar results in HER2 evaluation in breast carcinoma biopsies treated with this short protocol and in the corresponding surgical specimens processed routinely with a 24 h formalin fixation time-i.e., within the guidelines interval time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Sassi
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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37
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Asch-Kendrick RJ, Samols MA, Lilo MT, Subhawong AP, Sharma R, Illei PB, Argani P, Cimino-Mathews A. NKX3.1 is expressed in ER-positive and AR-positive primary breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:768-71. [PMID: 24996432 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS NKX3.1 is an androgen-regulated tumour suppressor gene that is downregulated in prostate carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for NKX3.1 is primarily specific for prostatic-derived tumours and tissue but is reported in a small number of breast carcinomas. NKX3.1 is also shown to inhibit estrogen receptor (ER) signalling in breast carcinoma models. Here, we investigate labelling of NKX3.1 in invasive ductal (IDC) and lobular (ILC) carcinomas of the breast with full characterisation of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR) and Her2 status. METHODS Tissue microarrays of 86 primary IDC and 37 ILC were labelled for NKX3.1. The IDC consisted of 20 luminal A, 7 luminal B, 14 Her2, and 45 triple negative carcinomas. The ILC consisted of 34 luminal A and 3 luminal B cases. NKX3.1 expression was scored as percentage nuclear labelling and labelling intensity. RESULTS Nuclear NKX3.1 labelling was seen in 2 IDC (2%) and 10 ILCs (27%). labelling intensity was weak in all cases (1–100% nuclear positivity). Positive NKX3.1 labelling was significantly associated with ILC (p<0.0001). NKX3.1 labelling was seen only in ER and AR-positive carcinomas, which showed a significant correlation (p=0.0003 and p=0.0079, respectively). Expression was not correlated with tumour stage, size, Her2 expression, presence of lymph node metastases or age. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate NKX3.1 expression in breast carcinomas with known ER, PR, AR and Her2 status. Further studies are needed to evaluate what potential role NKX3.1 plays in ER and AR signalling and hormonal treatment response in breast carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Androgen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Tumor Burden
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Pandya HJ, Chen W, Goodell LA, Foran DJ, Desai JP. Mechanical phenotyping of breast cancer using MEMS: a method to demarcate benign and cancerous breast tissues. Lab Chip 2014; 14:4523-32. [PMID: 25267099 PMCID: PMC4224189 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of tissue change significantly during the progression from healthy to malignant. Quantifying the mechanical properties of breast tissue within the tumor microenvironment can help to delineate benign from cancerous stages. In this work, we study high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma in comparison with their matched tumor adjacent areas, which exhibit benign morphology. Such paired tissue cores obtained from eight patients were indented using a MEMS-based piezoresistive microcantilever, which was positioned within pre-designated epithelial and stromal areas of the specimen. Field emission scanning electron microscopy studies on breast tissue cores were performed to understand the microstructural changes from benign to malignant. The normal epithelial tissues appeared compact and organized. The appearance of cancer regions, in comparison, not only revealed increased cellularity but also showed disorganization and increased fenestration. Using this technique, reliable discrimination between epithelial and stromal regions throughout both benign and cancerous breast tissue cores was obtained. The mechanical profiling generated using this method has the potential to be an objective, reproducible, and quantitative indicator for detecting and characterizing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik J Pandya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maryland Robotics Center, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Bertagna F, Evangelista L, Piccardo A, Bertoli M, Bosio G, Giubbini R, Orlando E, Treglia G. Multicentric study on ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT breast incidental uptake in patients studied for non-breast malignant purposes. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2014; 34:24-9. [PMID: 25312053 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our study has aimed to establish the prevalence and pathological nature of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) breast incidental uptake (BIU) in patients studied for non-malignant breast tumours and then to compare our data obtained in three Italian nuclear medicine centres with those available in literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 42,927 (18)F-FDG-PET/CT scans performed on patients studied in three Italian Nuclear Medicine Centres. All patients underwent (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for oncologic purposes not related to breast disease. RESULTS Among 42,927 scans, a BIU was identified in 79 (0.18%) patients, 75 (95%) female and 4 (5%) male with an average age of 62 ± 17 years. Twenty-five out of 35 (71.5%) BIUs were malignant and 10/35 (28.5%) benign. Among the 25/35 incidentalomas that were malignant, 12/25 (48%) were infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 5/25 (20%) ductal carcinoma (infiltrating and in situ), 4/25 (16%) lobular carcinoma, 2/25 (8%) ductal carcinoma in situ and 2/25 (8%) were metastases from the primary tumour under investigation. Of the 10 BIUs that were benign in the histological examination, after further investigations it was found that 9/10 (90%) were fibroadenomas and 1/10 (10%) was a benign lesion not better specified. The lesion to liver or to blood-pool SUVmax ratio in malignant lesions is significantly higher than in benign ones. CONCLUSIONS Our multicenter study demonstrates that, although they are uncommon, BIUs show a high percentage of malignancy and therefore requires further research.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Diseases/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology
- Female
- Fibroadenoma/chemistry
- Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging
- Fibroadenoma/epidemiology
- Fluorine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics
- Humans
- Incidental Findings
- Italy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/epidemiology
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertagna
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Bertoli
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bosio
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giubbini
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orlando
- Department of Radiology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Treglia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Nagashima S, Sakurai K, Suzuki S, Hara Y, Maeda T, Hirano T, Enomoto K, Amano S, Koshinaga T. [CD147 expression in non-invasive and invasive breast carcinoma]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2014; 41:1267-1269. [PMID: 25335713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CD147 is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein involved in tumor invasion, and is overexpressed in many solid tumors. However, the role of CD147 in breast cancer is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD147 expression in non-invasive and invasive ductal carcinomas. We recruited 156 breast cancer patients who underwent radical operations at our hospital up until 2002. We performed immunohistochemistry on their tumor specimens, and compared these data with clinicopathological factors. We divided the patients into two groups: group A was comprised of non-invasive ductal carcinomas and group B, invasive ductal carcinomas. The CD147-positive rate was 62.8% for all patients and was higher in group B than group A. In all cases, the CD147-positive rate correlated with clinical stage, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and tumor size. These results implied that CD147 may be involved in the process of breast cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Nagashima
- Dept. of Physiological Function, Division of Physiological System, Nihon University
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41
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Weng B, Wang Q, Lin S, Lu Y. Nasal cavity metastasis of breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:7028-7033. [PMID: 25400791 PMCID: PMC4230113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nasal cavity is an uncommon site for metastasis to develop and thus metastases arising from breast cancer are rarely observed. We report a case of a 61-year-old female with two-year history of breast cancer who presented with a nasal cavity that was diagnosed as metastatic breast carcinoma by histopathological analysis of the nasal cavity specimen. METHODS We reviewed the clinical records of the patient and the appropriate world literature. RESULTS The patient had been diagnosed with breast cancer two years before. Her present complain was oculus dexter visual acuity decreased. CT and MRI scan revealed a palpable mass on the right nasal cavity. PET/CT demonstrated no additional uptake at the level of other organ. ER and PR demonstrated a similar expression pattern in primary breast carcinoma and nasal cavity lesions. As further treatment she received systemic palliative chemotherapy in addition to intravenous treatment with bisphosphonates, and a total dose of 36 Gy of X-ray (3 Gy per day, 12 fractions) was given to the local site of the right nasal cavity. CONCLUSION In patient with a previous history of breast cancer who complains even of ophthalmologic symptoms such as visual acuity decreased, it is important to consider nasal cavity metastatic disease. 18FDG-PET/CT is useful to rule out the presence of other organ metastasis. Histopathological analysis may aid the diagnosis. The establishment of treatment strategies based on a comprehensive understanding of both etiology and pathophysiology is needed for rare cases such as this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binqi Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qinying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - San Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University Hangzhou, P. R. China
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42
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Matsuda I, Watanabe T, Enomoto Y, Takatsuka Y, Miyoshi Y, Hirota S. Spontaneous regression of primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) colliding with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:7020-7027. [PMID: 25400790 PMCID: PMC4230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant lymphomas of the breast, whether they are primary or secondary, are rare diseases, constituting only around 0.1 to 0.15% of the primary neoplasm of the breast. Although the most prevalent histological subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) also occurs in the breast as in other extranodal sites, comprising about 15% of malignant lymphomas of the breast. In many cases, primary MALT lymphoma of the breast is low grade lymphoma, localized in the breast with indolent behavior and good prognosis. Here we report a case of spontaneous regression of primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. The lymphoma collided with invasive ductal carcinoma in the breast. Both tumors were identified in the Vacora biopsy specimen before the operation. However, the lymphoma disappeared, while the carcinoma remained, in the resected mass. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous regression of MALT lymphoma of the breast colliding with breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/chemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Mammography
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Matsuda
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
| | - Yukie Enomoto
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takatsuka
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of MedicineHyogo, Japan
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43
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Xie J, Wu R, Xu HX, Yao MH, Xu G. Relationship between parameters from virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) imaging with clinicopathologic prognostic factors in women with invasive ductal breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:6644-6652. [PMID: 25400743 PMCID: PMC4230154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of shear wave velocity (SWV) and its ratio (SWV ratio) using virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) imaging with clinicopathologic prognostic factors in women with invasive ductal breast cancer. METHODS 138 consecutive women with invasive ductal breast cancer, who were diagnosed by pathological examination, were recruited between September 2011 and October 2013. Clinicopathologic findings were investigated in each participant, including age, invasive size, lymph node status, histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) expression, progesterone receptor (PR) expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB-2) expression. SWV and its ratio (breast mass/adjacent breast tissue) were measured by the VTQ imaging, and univariate analysis and multivariate regression analyses were applied to investigate their relationship with all clinicopathologic abnormalities. RESULTS In univariate analyses, large mass size (P < 0.001), lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), High histological grade (P = 0.001) and C-erbB-2 expression (P = 0.029) were significantly associated with SWV, whereas large invasive size (P < 0.001), lymph node involvement (P = 0.001) and high histological grade (P = 0.007) were significantly related to SWV ratio. Multiple linear regression indicated that invasive size was the strongest pathologic determinant of SWV and its ratio (P < 0001). CONCLUSION SWV and its ratio by the VTQ imagining were significantly associated with clinicopathologic abnormalities, and may therefore provide prognostic information in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ming-Hua Yao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China
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44
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Liu W, Zhu H, Zhou X. Synchronous bilateral non-Hodgkin's diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the breast and left breast invasive ductal carcinoma: a case report and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:7042-7048. [PMID: 25400793 PMCID: PMC4230149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma of the breast is unusual, and synchronous bilateral lymphoma and carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman who found a mass in her left breast. Ultrasound scan findings revealed nodules at the 2 o'clock position in her left breast and focal dilation of the duct at the 8-9 o'clock and 10 o'clock position in her right and left breasts, respectively. A left breast ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and right breast segmental excisional biopsy were performed. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed left breast invasive ductal carcinoma and right breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the non-germinal center type. Pathological examination of the left breast modified radical mastectomy specimen revealed synchronous invasive ductal carcinoma (grade III) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in another hospital. Based on a review of the relevant literature, we discuss the diagnosis, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of synchronous breast lymphoma and invasive ductal carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/surgery
- Mastectomy, Radical
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Ultrasonography, Mammary
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
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45
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Nassar A, Khoor A, Radhakrishnan R, Radhakrishnan A, Cohen C. Correlation of HER2 overexpression with gene amplification and its relation to chromosome 17 aneuploidy: a 5-year experience with invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:6254-6261. [PMID: 25337277 PMCID: PMC4203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene shows expression or amplification, or both, in approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancers and has been associated with poor prognosis and a response to trastuzumab therapy. HER2 gene status determines the eligibility of breast cancer patients for trastuzumab therapy and a large fraction (41-56%) of these patients respond to targeted therapy. Several studies have related the increased expression of HER2 to an increased copy number of chromosome 17, rather than amplification of the HER2 gene. We compared the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in both invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinomas, to determine the frequency of chromosome 17 aneuploidy associated with discordant results. In total, 390 invasive ductal carcinomas and 180 invasive lobular carcinomas diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2005 were included in the study only if results were available for immunohistochemistry (HercepTest; DAKO, Carpinteria, California) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe Kit; Abbott Laboratories, Des Plaines, Illinois). Tumors classified as invasive ductal carcinomas were graded according to the Bloom-Richardson grading system. Correlation between the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed for all categories. Among invasive ductal carcinomas, 29% (115/390) showed chromosome 17 aneuploidy, mostly associated with grade 3/HER2 2+ (45%) or grade 2/HER2 3+ (55%) that were not amplified. Also, 34% (12/35) of invasive lobular carcinomas showed chromosome 17 aneuploidy; approximately one-third of these cases were HER2 2+ (33%) and HER2 3+ (37%) that were not amplified. Discordance between the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in both ductal and lobular carcinomas is largely associated with chromosome 17 aneuploidy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneuploidy
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Nassar
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo ClinicJacksonville, Florida
| | - Andras Khoor
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo ClinicJacksonville, Florida
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Beck AP, Brooks A, Zeiss CJ. Invasive ductular carcinoma in 2 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2014; 64:314-322. [PMID: 25296018 PMCID: PMC4170097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 12% in American women. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer in women, accounting for approximately 60% of all breast carcinomas. Prognostic markers are used to assess aggressiveness, invasiveness, and extent of spread of a neoplasm and thus may be correlated with patient survival. Immunohistochemistry is currently widely used for this purpose, with a variety of prognostication markers available. Classic markers for breast cancer in women include estrogen and progesterone receptor steroid hormone proteins and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Many additional markers have been used in diagnosis and prognostication, including p53, p63, and E-cadherin and cell proliferation markers such as Ki67. Despite an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 6.1%, naturally occurring mammary neoplasms in nonhuman primates are uncommonly reported, with only sporadic references over the past 75 y. The majority of reported tumors occur in rhesus macaques, although this prevalence has been suggested to be a consequence of their high frequency of usage in biomedical research. Here we present 2 cases of mammary carcinoma in adult female intact rhesus macaques, with cytology, histopathology, and extensive immunohistochemical analysis. According to current classifications for human breast tumors, both tumors were classified as invasive ductal carcinoma. The prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in human breast cancer and in reported cases in nonhuman primates is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy/veterinary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/veterinary
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry/veterinary
- Macaca mulatta
- Mammary Glands, Animal/chemistry
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/surgery
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/chemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/surgery
- Mastectomy/veterinary
- Monkey Diseases/metabolism
- Monkey Diseases/pathology
- Monkey Diseases/surgery
- Predictive Value of Tests
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Beck
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Amos Brooks
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline J Zeiss
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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47
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Akbar M, Akbar K, Naveed D. Frequency and correlation of molecular subtypes of breast cancer with clinicopathological features. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2014; 26:290-293. [PMID: 25671929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional clinicopathological classification of breast cancer has limitations as tumours with similar clinical and histological features behave differently regarding outcome and responsiveness to chemo/immunotherapy. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on immunohistochemical staining and to find the correlation of each subtype with clinicopathological features. METHODS Sixty patients with histologically diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Immunohistological staining of the tumour samples and based on receptor status tumours were classified in four subtypes, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2/neu oncogene amplification subtype and Tripple negative subtype. Clinical features, stage of disease at presentation and histopathological grade of the tumours was also recoded in each subtype. Prevalence of each subtype was calculated and correlation with clinical and pathological features was determined. RESULTS Mean age of tli`S patients was 47.55 years. Protective role of breast feeding was not confirmed in this study as 58 (96.67%) patients breast fed their children. Only two (3.33%) patients gave family history of breast cancer in the study. Thirty three (55%) patients had grade 2 tumours, 26 (43.33%) had grade 3 tumours while only one patient had grade 1 tumour. HER2/neu amplification subtype was the most common molecular subclass in the study, comprising 30% of all the patients. Ten patients (16.67%) in this study belonged to triple negative group. Triple negative disease was found in younger women with mean age of 40-60 years. CONCLUSION Breast cancer particularly triple negative disease was found in younger age group and patients usually present in advanced stage of their disease.HER2fneu positive breast cancer was the most common subtype in this study.
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48
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Won HS, Lee KE, Sung SH, Choi MY, Jo JY, Nam EM, Mun YC, Seong CM, Lee SN. Topoisomerase II alpha and microtubule-associated protein-tau as a predictive marker in axillary lymph node positive breast cancer. Tumori 2014; 100:80-6. [PMID: 24675496 DOI: 10.1700/1430.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), microtubule-associated protein-tau (MAP-tau) and other prognostic factors in breast cancer and to evaluate the predictive value of TOP2A and MAP-tau in breast cancer patients who received anthracycline and taxane-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Seventy patients with axillary lymph node positive breast cancer who underwent curative surgery between January 2000 and December 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The levels of protein expression of TOP2A and MAP-tau were assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among the 70 patients, 43 (61.4%) showed TOP2A overexpression and 30 (42.9%) showed MAP-tau positivity. TOP2A overexpression was associated with p53 positivity and high histological grade. MAP-tau positivity was associated with a lower positive lymph node ratio, lower proliferative activity, and hormone receptor positivity. Based on the TOP2A and MAP-tau expression, there was no significant difference in disease-free survival in the breast cancer patients who received anthracycline and taxane-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that immunohistochemical analysis of TOP2A and MAP-tau protein expression may not predict the benefits of adjuvant anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy in axillary node positive breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anthracyclines/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Axilla
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Retrospective Studies
- Taxoids/administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
- Up-Regulation
- tau Proteins/analysis
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49
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Purushotham A, Shamil E, Cariati M, Agbaje O, Muhidin A, Gillett C, Mera A, Sivanadiyan K, Harries M, Sullivan R, Pinder SE, Garmo H, Holmberg L. Age at diagnosis and distant metastasis in breast cancer--a surprising inverse relationship. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1697-1705. [PMID: 24768572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Predictors for site of distant metastasis and impact on survival in breast cancer are incompletely understood. METHODS Clinico-pathological risk factors for site of distant metastasis and survival were analysed in patients with invasive breast cancer treated between 1986 and 2006. RESULTS Of 3553 patients, with median follow-up 6.32years, 825 (23%) developed distant metastasis. The site of metastasis was bone in 196/825 (24%), viscera in 540/825 (65%) and unknown in 89 (11%). Larger primary invasive tumour size, higher tumour grade and axillary nodal positivity increased risk of metastasis to all sites. Lobular carcinoma was more likely to first metastasise to bone compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (NST). Oestrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PgR) negative and/or Human epidermal growth factor (HER2) positive tumours were more likely to metastasise to viscera. A striking relationship between increasing age at diagnosis and a reduction in risk of distant metastasis to bone and viscera was observed. Median time to death from onset of metastatic disease was 1.52 (Interquartile range (IQR) 0.7-2.9)years for patients with bone metastasis and 0.7 (IQR 0.2-1.5)years for visceral metastasis. On multivariate analysis, despite the decrease in risk of distant metastasis with increasing age, there was an elevated hazard for death in patients >50years at diagnosis of metastasis if they developed bone metastasis, with a similar trend observed in the >70years age group if they developed visceral metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that there are biological mechanisms underlying the impact of age on the development of distant metastasis and subsequent death. This may have important implications in the treatment of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Bone Neoplasms/chemistry
- Bone Neoplasms/mortality
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Bone Neoplasms/therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Registries
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- A Purushotham
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK; Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - E Shamil
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - M Cariati
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK; Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O Agbaje
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - A Muhidin
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - C Gillett
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - A Mera
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - K Sivanadiyan
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - M Harries
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK; Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Sullivan
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - S E Pinder
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK; Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Garmo
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - L Holmberg
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK
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50
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Bianchi GV, Duca M, Sica L, Mariani G. Metastatic breast cancer treated with lapatinib with a prolonged benefit: a case report and a review of therapeutic options available. Tumori 2014; 99:269e-72e. [PMID: 24503801 DOI: 10.1700/1390.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman was treated, after trastuzumab progression of HER2-positive metastatic disease, with capecitabine plus lapatinib and subsequently with lapatinib alone. To date, she has had persistent remission of disease since 2009.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Capecitabine
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Fluorouracil/analogs & derivatives
- Humans
- Lapatinib
- Letrozole
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Nitriles/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Quality of Life
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/drug effects
- Trastuzumab
- Treatment Outcome
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
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