1
|
Rynearson L, Antolini C, Jayawardana C, Yeddala M, Hayes D, Lucht BL. Speciation of Transition Metal Dissolution in Electrolyte from Common Cathode Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317109. [PMID: 38078892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant capacity loss has been observed across extended cycling of lithium-ion batteries cycled to high potential. One of the sources of capacity fade is transition metal dissolution from the cathode active material, ion migration through the electrolyte, and deposition on the solid-electrolyte interphase on the anode. While much research has been conducted on the oxidation state of the transition metal in the cathode active material or deposited on the anode, there have been limited investigations of the oxidation state of the transition metal ions dissolved in the electrolyte. In this work, X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been performed on electrolytes extracted from cells built with four different cathode active materials (LiMn2 O4 (LMO), LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO), LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 (NMC811), and (x Li2 MnO3 *(1-x) LiNia Mnb Coc O2 , with a+b+c=1) (LMRNMC)) that were cycled at either high or standard potentials to determine the oxidation state of Mn and Ni in solution. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has been performed on the anodes from these cells to determine the concentration of deposited transition metal ions. While transition metal ions were found dissolved in all electrolytes, the oxidation state(s) of Mn and Ni were determined to be dependent on the cathode material and independent of cycling potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rynearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI-02881, USA
| | - Cali Antolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI-02881, USA
| | | | - Munaiah Yeddala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI-02881, USA
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI-02881, USA
| | - Brett L Lucht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI-02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang JY, Cheng CY, Lai YM, Iputera K, Chung RJ, Liu RS. Engineering Cathode-Electrolyte Interface of High-Voltage Spinel LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 via Halide Solid-State Electrolyte Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40648-40655. [PMID: 37584718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode material with high energy density, low cost, and excellent rate capability has grabbed the attention of the field. However, a high-voltage platform at 4.7 V causes severe oxidative side reactions when in contact with the organic electrolyte, leading to poor electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the contact between the liquid electrolyte and LNMO leads to Mn dissolution during cycles. In this work, we applied the sol-gel method to prepare Li3InCl6-coated LNMO (LIC@LNMO) to address the mentioned problems of LNMO. By introducing a protective layer of halide-type solid-state electrolyte on LNMO, we can prevent direct contact between LNMO and electrolyte while maintaining good ionic conductivity. Thus, we could demonstrate that 5 wt % LIC@LNMO exhibited a good cycle performance with a Coulombic efficiency of 99% and a capacity retention of 80% after the 230th cycle at the 230th cycle at 1C at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ming Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Iputera
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian W, Zeng W, Wang T, Tian J, Yuan D, Wang J, Mu S. Ge-Regulated Ordered Phase in Pseudosphere-Structured LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 Spinel Effectively Inhibits Mn Dissolution. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37471651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the higher energy density, high thermal stability, and low cost, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel, with a large voltage operating window, has been one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the interfacial reaction between the cathode and electrolyte and the two-phase reaction within the bulk of LNMO would destroy the original structure and lead to capacity deterioration, posing a significant challenge. Therefore, the way to suppress the transition-metal (TM) dissolution in LNMO has attracted much attention. However, the ordered/disordered phase regulation by metal atom doping to prohibit TM dissolution has not been extensively explored. Herein, a Ge-doping strategy is proposed to adjust the ratio of disordered/ordered phases in LNMO, resulting in exceptional structural stability. For the modified spinel cathode, there is almost no voltage drop and the capacity retention is up to 92.2% over 1000 cycles at 1C. These results demonstrate that incorporating Ge into LNMO forms a robust structure that effectively increases the amount of Mn4+ while blocking the diffusion of TM ions. In addition, Ge-doping also protects the bulk from further reactions with electrolytes, significantly enhancing the interfacial stability and relieving voltage decay in cycling. This approach can also be applied to design other high-stability cathodes through ordered/disordered phase regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weihao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dachao Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shichun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allen J, O’Keefe CA, Grey CP. Quantifying Dissolved Transition Metals in Battery Electrolyte Solutions with NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:9509-9521. [PMID: 37255924 PMCID: PMC10226131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dissolution is an important contributor to capacity fade in lithium-ion cells. NMR relaxation rates are proportional to the concentration of paramagnetic species, making them suitable to quantify dissolved transition metals in battery electrolytes. In this work, 7Li, 31P, 19F, and 1H longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates were measured to study LiPF6 electrolyte solutions containing Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Cu2+ salts and Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4. Sensitivities were found to vary by nuclide and by transition metal. 19F (PF6-) and 1H (solvent) measurements were more sensitive than 7Li and 31P measurements due to the higher likelihood that the observed species are in closer proximity to the metal center. Mn2+ induced the greatest relaxation enhancement, yielding a limit of detection of ∼0.005 mM for 19F and 1H measurements. Relaxometric analysis of a sample containing Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4 at ∼20 °C showed good sensitivity and accuracy (suggesting dissolution of Mn2+), but analysis of a sample stored at 60 °C showed that the relaxometric quantification is less accurate for heat-degraded LiPF6 electrolytes. This is attributed to degradation processes causing changes to the metal solvation shell (changing the fractions of PF6-, EC, and EMC coordinated to Mn2+), such that calibration measurements performed with pristine electrolyte solutions are not applicable to degraded solutions-a potential complication for efforts to quantify metal dissolution during operando NMR studies of batteries employing widely-used LiPF6 electrolytes. Ex situ nondestructive quantification of transition metals in lithium-ion battery electrolytes is shown to be possible by NMR relaxometry; further, the method's sensitivity to the metal solvation shell also suggests potential use in assessing the coordination spheres of dissolved transition metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Allen J, Grey CP. Solution NMR of Battery Electrolytes: Assessing and Mitigating Spectral Broadening Caused by Transition Metal Dissolution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:4425-4438. [PMID: 36925561 PMCID: PMC10009815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that is commonly used to assess the degradation of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions. However, dissolution of paramagnetic Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions from cathode materials may affect the NMR spectra of the electrolyte solution, with the unpaired electron spins in these paramagnetic solutes inducing rapid nuclear relaxation and spectral broadening (and often peak shifts). This work establishes how dissolved Ni2+ and Mn2+ in LiPF6 electrolyte solutions affect 1H, 19F, and 31P NMR spectra of pristine and degraded electrolyte solutions, including whether the peaks from degradation species are at risk of being lost and whether the spectral broadening can be mitigated. Mn2+ is shown to cause far greater peak broadening than Ni2+, with the effect of Mn2+ observable at just 10 μM. Generally, 19F peaks from PF6 - degradation species are most affected by the presence of the paramagnetic metals, followed by 31P and 1H peaks. Surprisingly, when NMR solvents are added to acquire the spectra, the degree of broadening is heavily solvent-dependent, following the trend of solvent donor number (increased broadening with lower solvent donicity). Severe spectral broadening is shown to occur whether Mn is introduced via the salt Mn(TFSI)2 or is dissolved from LiMn2O4. We show that the weak 19F and 31P peaks in spectra of electrolyte samples containing micromolar levels of dissolved Mn2+ are broadened to an extent that they are no longer visible, but this broadening can be minimized by diluting electrolyte samples with a suitably coordinating NMR solvent. Li3PO4 addition to the sample is also shown to return 19F and 31P spectral resolution by precipitating Mn2+ out of electrolyte samples, although this method consumes any HF in the electrolyte solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allen JP, Grey CP. Determining the oxidation states of dissolved transition metals in battery electrolytes from solution NMR spectra. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1677-1680. [PMID: 36691895 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved transition metal ions can induce peak shifts in the NMR spectra of degraded battery electrolytes. Here, we exploit this staightforward, accessible method to calculate magnetic moments for dissolved Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Cu2+; subsequent analysis of dissolution from LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 shows that the dissolved metals are exclusively divalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Allen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK. .,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK. .,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanf L, Brüning K, Winter M, Nowak S. Method development for the investigation of Mn 2+/3+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ with capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:89-95. [PMID: 36148595 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) decreases under continuous cycling due to various degradation processes, such as dissolution of transition metals (TMs) from the electrodes. Therefore, suitable methods to analyze the oxidation states of TMs are mandatory to better understand the dissolution mechanisms of TMs from positive and negative electrodes (LIBs). To investigate the dissolution of Mn2+ and Mn3+ in electrolytes of LIBs, a previously implemented capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with UV/Vis spectroscopy detection was further developed with the aim of higher sensitivities and additional detection of other dissolved divalent TMs such as Co2+ , Ni2+ , and Cu2+ . Therefore, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was applied instead of UV/Vis for detection. This also allows the use of Ga3+ instead of the previously used Cu2+ as an internal standard, which solves the limitation of this method for cycled LIBs due to copper dissolution from the copper-based current collector. The CE buffer based on sodium diphosphate as complexing agent for the stabilization of Mn3+ and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as dynamic capillary wall modifier was optimized in terms of concentrations and pH. Finally, both manganese species and Co2+ , Ni2+ , and Cu2+ could be analyzed within 15 min. With this improved method, the dissolution of TMs in LIBs for positive electrode materials such as LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) or LiNix Coy Mnz O2 (NCM, x + y + z = 1) can be studied in future in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenard Hanf
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai Brüning
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maiti S, Sclar H, Grinblat J, Talianker M, Elias Y, Wu X, Kondrakov A, Aurbach D. Stabilizing High-Voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Cathodes for High Energy Rechargeable Li Batteries by Coating With Organic Aromatic Acids and Their Li Salts. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200674. [PMID: 36074984 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, three types of surface coatings based on adsorption of organic aromatic acids or their Li salts are applied as functional coating substrates to engineer the surface properties of high voltage LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) spinel cathodes. The materials used as coating include 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid [TMA]), its Li-salt, and 1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). The surface coating involves simple ethanol liquid-phase mixing and low-temperature heat treatment under nitrogen flow. In typical comparative studies, TMA-coated (3-5%) LNMO cathodes deliver >90% capacity retention after 400 cycles with significantly improved rate performance in Li-coin cells at 30 °C compared to uncoated material with capacity retention of ≈40%. The cathode coating also prevents the rapid drop in the electrochemical activity of high voltage Li cells at 55 °C. Studies of high voltage full cells containing TMA coated cathodes versus graphite anodes also demonstrate improved electrochemical behavior, including improved cycling performance and capacity retention, increased rate capabilities, lower voltage hysteresis, and very minor direct current internal resistance evolution. In line with the highly positive effects on the electrochemical performance, it is found that these coatings reduce detrimental transition metal cations dissolution and ensure structural stability during prolonged cycling and thermal stability at elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadar Sclar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Judith Grinblat
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Talianker
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yuval Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- BASF SE, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Doron Aurbach
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Künne S, Püttmann F, Linhorst M, Moerschbacher BM, Winter M, Li J, Placke T. Comparative Study on Chitosans as Green Binder Materials for LiMn2O4 Positive Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Künne
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster MEET Battery Research Center GERMANY
| | - Frederik Püttmann
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster MEET Battery Research Center GERMANY
| | - Max Linhorst
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology GERMANY
| | - Bruno M. Moerschbacher
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology GERMANY
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster MEET Battery Research Center GERMANY
| | - Jie Li
- Politecnico di Milano Department of Energy GERMANY
| | - Tobias Placke
- University of Münster MEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Østli ER, Ebadi M, Tesfamhret Y, Mahmoodinia M, Lacey MJ, Brandell D, Svensson AM, Selbach SM, Wagner NP. On the Durability of Protective Titania Coatings on High-Voltage Spinel Cathodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200324. [PMID: 35438246 PMCID: PMC9324833 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 -coating of LiNi0.5-x Mn1.5+x O4 (LNMO) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been studied as a strategy to stabilize the cathode/electrolyte interface and mitigate transition metal (TM) ion dissolution. The TiO2 coatings were found to be uniform, with thicknesses estimated to 0.2, 0.3, and 0.6 nm for the LNMO powders exposed to 5, 10, and 20 ALD cycles, respectively. While electrochemical characterization in half-cells revealed little to no improvement in the capacity retention neither at 20 nor at 50 °C, improved capacity retention and coulombic efficiencies were demonstrated for the TiO2 -coated LNMO in LNMO||graphite full-cells at 20 °C. This improvement in cycling stability could partly be attributed to thinner cathode electrolyte interphase on the TiO2 -coated samples. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a thinner solid electrolyte interphase on the graphite electrode cycled against TiO2 -coated LNMO, indicating retardation of TM dissolution by the TiO2 -coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise R. Østli
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Mahsa Ebadi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Yonas Tesfamhret
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 53875121UppsalaSweden
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodinia
- Department of Chemical Engineering NTNU NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
| | | | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 53875121UppsalaSweden
| | - Ann Mari Svensson
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Sverre M. Selbach
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Nils P. Wagner
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway
- SINTEF Industry7491TrondheimNorway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Synthesis, characterization, and degradation study of Mn-based phosphate frameworks (Na3MnTi(PO4)3, Na3MnPO4CO3, Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7) as aqueous Na-ion battery positive electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Li M, Li Q, Hu M, Du Y, Duan Z, Fan H, Cui Y, Liu S, Jin Y, Liu W. N-doped engineering of a high-voltage LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 cathode with superior cycling capability for wide temperature lithium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12214-12225. [PMID: 35575198 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one potential cathode candidate for next-generation high energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, serious capacity decay from its poor structural stability, especially at high operating temperatures, shadows its application prospects. In this work, N-doped LNMO (LNMON) was synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method and multistep calcination, exhibiting a unique yolk-shell architecture. Concurrently, N dopants are introduced into a LNMO lattice, endowing LNMON with a more stable structure via stronger Ni-N/Mn-N bindings. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the yolk-shell structure and N-doped engineering, the obtained LNMON cathode exhibits an impressive rate and the state-of-the-art cycling capability, delivering a high capacity of 103 mA h g-1 at 25 °C after 8000 cycles. Even at a high operating temperature of 60 °C, the capacity retention remains at 92% after 1000 cycles. The discovery of N dopants in improving the cycling capability of LNMO in our case offers a prospective approach to enable 5 V LNMO cathode materials with excellent cycling capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Qingping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Maofeng Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Hongguang Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Yongpeng Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan S, Sun X, Zhang Y, Fu S, Lang Y, Wang L, Liang G. From coating to doping: Effect of post-annealing temperature on the alumina coating of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Østli ER, Tesfamhret Y, Wenner S, Lacey MJ, Brandell D, Svensson AM, Selbach SM, Wagner NP. Limitations of Ultrathin Al 2O 3 Coatings on LNMO Cathodes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30644-30655. [PMID: 34805692 PMCID: PMC8603187 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of Al2O3 coatings for the high-voltage cathode material LiNi0.5-x Mn1.5+x O4-δ (LNMO) by atomic layer deposition. The ultrathin and uniform coatings (0.6-1.7 nm) were deposited on LNMO particles and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Galvanostatic charge discharge cycling in half cells revealed, in contrast to many published studies, that even coatings of a thickness of 1 nm were detrimental to the cycling performance of LNMO. The complete coverage of the LNMO particles by the Al2O3 coating can form a Li-ion diffusion barrier, which leads to high overpotentials and reduced reversible capacity. Several reports on Al2O3-coated LNMO using alternative coating methods, which would lead to a less homogeneous coating, revealed the superior electrochemical properties of the Al2O3-coated LNMO, suggesting that complete coverage of the particles might in fact be a disadvantage. We show that transition metal ion dissolution during prolonged cycling at 50 °C is not hindered by the coating, resulting in Ni and Mn deposits on the Li counter electrode. The Al2O3-coated LNMO particles showed severe signs of pitting dissolution, which may be attributed to HF attack caused by side reactions between the electrolyte and the Al2O3 coating, which can lead to additional HF formation. The pitting dissolution was most severe for the thickest coating (1.7 nm). The uniform coating coverage may lead to non-uniform conduction paths for Li, where the active sites are more susceptible to HF attack. Few benefits of applications of very thin, uniform, and amorphous Al2O3 coatings could thus be verified, and the coating is not offering long-term protection from HF attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise R. Østli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yonas Tesfamhret
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Mari Svensson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre M. Selbach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils P. Wagner
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Sintef
Industry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wang J, Islam MM, Donne SW. In-situ detection of LiMn2O4 dissolution during electrochemical cycling by. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Kim HS, Yang JH, Han JW, Thao LT, Ryu JH, Oh SM, Kim KJ. Permeable characteristics of surface film deposited on LiMn 2O 4 positive electrode revealed by redox-active indicator. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:21. [PMID: 34259945 PMCID: PMC8280264 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the ferrocene redox indicator-based surface film characteristics of spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO) were evaluated. The pre-cycling of spinel LMO generated a film on the LMO surface. The surface film deposited on LMO surface suppresses further electrolyte decomposition, while the penetration of approximately 0.7 nm-sized redox indicator is not prevented. The facile self-discharge of LMO and regeneration current from the ferrocenium molecule was observed from the redox indicator in a specifically designed four-electrode cell. From this electrochemical behavior, a small-sized HF molecule attack on the LMO surface through a carbonate-based electrolyte-derived film is defined; hence, the prevention of small-sized molecules into the deposited surface film is crucial for the enhancement of LiMn2O4-based lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Han
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Thao
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Ryu
- Graduate School of Knowledge-based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung M Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Jae Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu X, Yu WA, Manthiram A. Advances and Prospects of High-Voltage Spinel Cathodes for Lithium-Based Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001196. [PMID: 34928095 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insertion compounds have been dominating the cathodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries. In contrast to layered oxides and polyanion compounds, the development of spinel-structured cathodes is a little behind. Owing to a series of advantageous properties, such as high operating voltage (≈4.7 V), high capacity (≈135 mAh g-1 ), low environmental impact, and low fabrication cost, the high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 represents a high-power cathode for advancing high-energy-density Li+ -ion batteries. However, the wide application and commercialization of this cathode are hampered by its poor cycling performance. Recent progress in both the fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism and the exploration of strategies to enhance the cycling stability of high-voltage spinel cathodes have drawn continuous attention toward this promising insertion cathode. In this review article, the structure-property correlations and the failure mode of high-voltage spinel cathodes are first discussed. Then, the recent advances in mitigating the cycling stability issue of high-voltage spinel cathodes are summarized, including the various approaches of structural design, doping, surface coating, and electrolyte modification. Finally, future perspectives and research directions are put forward, aiming at providing insightful information for the development of practical high-voltage spinel cathodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wiley A Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Huang Z, Zeng W, Cao F, Ma J, Tian W, Mu S. Synthesis, Modification, and Lithium‐Storage Properties of Spinel LiNi
0.5
Mn
1.5
O
4. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Xianhu hydrogen Valley Foshan 528200 PR China
| | - Zhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Weihao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Weixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Shichun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Xianhu hydrogen Valley Foshan 528200 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Klein S, Bärmann P, Beuse T, Borzutzki K, Frerichs JE, Kasnatscheew J, Winter M, Placke T. Exploiting the Degradation Mechanism of NCM523 ∥ Graphite Lithium-Ion Full Cells Operated at High Voltage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:595-613. [PMID: 33105061 PMCID: PMC7894331 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Layered oxides, particularly including Li[Nix Coy Mnz ]O2 (NCMxyz) materials, such as NCM523, are the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). One major strategy to increase the energy density of LIBs is to expand the cell voltage (>4.3 V). However, high-voltage NCM ∥ graphite full cells typically suffer from drastic capacity fading, often referred to as "rollover" failure. In this study, the underlying degradation mechanisms responsible for failure of NCM523 ∥ graphite full cells operated at 4.5 V are unraveled by a comprehensive study including the variation of different electrode and cell parameters. It is found that the "rollover" failure after around 50 cycles can be attributed to severe solid electrolyte interphase growth, owing to formation of thick deposits at the graphite anode surface through deposition of transition metals migrating from the cathode to the anode. These deposits induce the formation of Li metal dendrites, which, in the worst cases, result in a "rollover" failure owing to the generation of (micro-) short circuits. Finally, approaches to overcome this dramatic failure mechanism are presented, for example, by use of single-crystal NCM523 materials, showing no "rollover" failure even after 200 cycles. The suppression of cross-talk phenomena in high-voltage LIB cells is of utmost importance for achieving high cycling stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klein
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Peer Bärmann
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Thomas Beuse
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Kristina Borzutzki
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Joop Enno Frerichs
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Johannes Kasnatscheew
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Tobias Placke
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hanf L, Diehl M, Kemper LS, Winter M, Nowak S. Accessing copper oxidation states of dissolved negative electrode current collectors in lithium ion batteries. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1568-1575. [PMID: 32640093 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) detection for the investigation of dissolved Cu+ and Cu2+ in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. This method is of relevance, as the current collector at the anode of LIBs may dissolve under certain operation conditions. In order to preserve the actual oxidation states of dissolved copper in the electrolytes and to prevent any precipitation during sample preparation and CE measurements, neocuproine (NC) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA) were effectively applied as complexing agents for both ionic copper species. However, precipitation and loss of the Cu+ -NC-complex for quantification occurred in presence of the commonly applied conducting salt lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6 ). Therefore, acetonitrile (ACN) was added to the sample in order to suppress this precipitation. Dissolution experiments with copper-based negative electrode current collectors in a LIB electrolyte were conducted at 60°C under non-oxidizing atmosphere. First findings regarding the copper species via CE revealed dissolved Cu+ and mainly Cu2+ . However, primarily Cu+ dissolved from the passivating oxide layer (Cu2 O and CuO) of the current collector due to the formation of acidic electrolyte decomposition products. Due to the instability of Cu+ in the electrolyte a further disproportionation reaction to Cu0 and Cu2+ occurred. The results show the high potential of this CE method for prospective investigations regarding the current collector stability in new battery electrode formulations and correlations of dissolution events with dissolution mechanisms and battery cell operation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenard Hanf
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Diehl
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea-Sophie Kemper
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz-Institute Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hanf L, Diehl M, Kemper LS, Winter M, Nowak S. Investigating the oxidation state of Fe from LiFePO 4 -based lithium ion battery cathodes via capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1549-1556. [PMID: 32557746 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for iron speciation in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. The complexation of Fe2+ with 1,10-phenantroline (o-phen) and of Fe3+ with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) revealed effective stabilization of both iron species during sample preparation and CE measurements. For the investigation of small electrolyte volumes from LIB cells, a sample buffer with optimal sample pH was developed to inhibit precipitation of Fe3+ during complexation of Fe2+ with o-phen. However, the presence of the conducting salt lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6 ) in the electrolyte led to the precipitation of the complex [Fe(o-phen)3 ](PF6 )2 . Addition of acetonitrile (ACN) to the sample successfully re-dissolved this Fe2+ -complex to retain the quantification of both species. Further optimization of the method successfully prevented the oxidation of dissolved Fe2+ with ambient oxygen during sample preparation, by previously stabilizing the sample with HCl or by working under counterflow of argon. Following dissolution experiments with the positive electrode material LiFePO4 (LFP) in LIB electrolytes under dry room conditions at 20°C and 60°C mainly revealed iron dissolution at elevated temperatures due to the formation of acidic electrolyte decomposition products. Despite the primary oxidation state of iron in LFP of +2, both iron species were detected in the electrolytes that derive from oxidation of dissolved Fe2+ by remaining molecular oxygen in the sample vials during the dissolution experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenard Hanf
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Diehl
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea-Sophie Kemper
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz-Institute Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|