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Karasu GK, Rogers CW, Gee EK. Dietary Transitions Toward Sustainable Horse Feeding. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104880. [PMID: 37406838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability is the balancing act of optimizing the use of current resources without compromising the current or future environment. Within the agriculture sector the primary focus of sustainability has been to reduce environmental pollution, specifically greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, nitrogen emissions, and leaching. For the equine industry the first step towards sustainability is the documentation and critique of current feeding and management practices to permit modifications to enable the industry meet social and legislative obligations. As a monogastric hindgut fermenter on a per kg bodyweight basis the horse has relatively lower GHG emissions compared to ruminants. However, there are several opportunities to further reduce the environmental impact of the equine industry. The majority of these relate to subtle changes, or consideration of, improving feed conversion, using alternative ingredients, and management of fecal material associated with intensive husbandry. To initiate the journey towards sustainability this review documents opportunities with current equine feeding and management practices to reduce the environmental impacts of the equine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Kaya Karasu
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Velp, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris W Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Erica K Gee
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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2
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Liu K, Yu D, Xin M, Lü F, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Liu T, Liu X, Song J, Wu H. Exposure to manganese (II) chloride induces developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in Marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106622. [PMID: 37392728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for organisms, but high levels can induce serious toxicity. To date, the toxic mechanism of Mn to marine fish is still poorly understood. In the present study, Oryzias melastigma embryos were exposed to different concentrations of MnCl2 (0-152.00 mg/L) to investigate its effect on early development. The results showed that exposure to MnCl2 caused developmental toxicity to embryos, including increased heart rate, delayed hatching time, decreased hatching rate and increased malformation rate. MnCl2 exposure could induce oxidative stress in O. melastigma embryos, as indicated by increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)). The heart might be an important target organ for MnCl2 because of cardiac malformations and disruption in the expression of cardiac development-related genes (ATPase, epo, fg8g, cox1, cox2, bmp4 and gata4). In addition, the expression levels of stress- (omTERT and p53) and inflammation-related genes (TNFα and il1β) were significantly up-regulated, suggesting that MnCl2 can trigger stress and inflammatory response in O. melastigma embryos. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MnCl2 exposure can induce developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in O. melastigma embryos, providing insights into the toxic mechanism of Mn to the early development of marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Daode Yu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Meili Xin
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Fang Lü
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Ministry of Transport, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shandong Marine Forecast and Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China.
| | - Haiyi Wu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, NO.7 YouYun Road, QingDao 266104, China.
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3
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Mooney TJ, Harford AJ, Hanley J, Walker S, Sandgren M, Jansen A, Humphrey C. Seasonal responses of macroinvertebrate assemblages to magnesium in a seasonally flowing stream. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120586. [PMID: 36379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Macroinvertebrates can be highly sensitive to elevated salinity in freshwater environments, and are known to respond to saline discharges. Magnesium (Mg) is a mine-related contaminant and is a potential environmental risk to a seasonally-flowing, receiving water stream in Kakadu National Park, located in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. The macroinvertebrate assemblage in the stream in the was characterised at four hydrographic phases, from early wet season flow to early dry season pools at flow cessation. On each of the four occasions representing the respective phases, individuals from the most abundant macroinvertebrate species present were collected and acutely exposed to a range (up to 19) of Mg concentrations under laboratory conditions. Sensitivity of taxa to Mg ranged between 39 mg/L Mg (Caenidae: Tasmanocoenis spp.) and 4400 mg/L Mg (Dytiscidae: Clypeodytes feryi), based on the 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50). Characterisation of the macroinvertebrate assemblage at each hydrographic phase indicated the seasons when Mg-sensitive species were present. Whilst no statistical differences in measures of seasonal sensitivity were found, the macroinvertebrate assemblages present during the early flow period had higher Mg-sensitivity than the assemblages present during other hydrographic phases. This could be attributed to the greater relative proportions of Mg-sensitive taxa (e.g. Ephemeroptera) present at early flow compared to greater relative proportions of more Mg-tolerant taxa (C. feryi and Hydacarina spp.) present during later hydrograph phases, especially periods of lower, or no, flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Julie Hanley
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Samantha Walker
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mia Sandgren
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Andrew Jansen
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
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4
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Wang Y, Rume T, Islam SMDU, Fan W, Wu J, Li X. Water Quality Criteria and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Transition Metals in South Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16125. [PMID: 36498198 PMCID: PMC9739192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal pollution in rivers in South Asia is more serious than in other regions because of the lack of adequate freshwater management measures. Water quality criteria (WQC) for South Asia is urgently needed to protect regional aquatic environments because of the occurrence of transboundary rivers. The present study established non-parametric kernel density estimation species sensitivity distribution (NPKDE-SSD) models and then derived the acceptable hazardous concentration for protection of 95% of all aquatic species (HC5) and WQC of six typical transition metals in South Asia. The results showed that the order of acute and chronic WQC was Mn > Fe > Cd > Zn > Cu > Hg and Cu > Fe > Cd, respectively. A risk assessment of these metals in the Indus River, the Ganges River, the Brahmaputra River, the Meghna River, and the Bagmati River was also carried out. Based on the results, these major rivers in South Asia were highly polluted with transition metals, with significant ecological risks for a large number of aquatic species. This study can contribute to a better understanding of ecological risks in South Asia and provide a scientific basis for the updating of water quality standards and the increase in overall water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tanjena Rume
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S. M. Didar-Ul Islam
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Atristain M, von Schiller D, Larrañaga A, Elosegi A. Short‐term effects of a large dam decommissioning on biofilm structure and functioning. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miren Atristain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa
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Iyagbaye L, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Manganese uptake and partitioning between the tissue of the anemone host Exaiptasia pallida and Symbiodinium spp., including assessment of stress and recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133895. [PMID: 35143868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for global steel and Mn-iron (Fe) alloy production. The human health effects of elevated Mn concentrations have been well established, but studies on its impact on marine invertebrates are limited. This study is the first to investigate Mn uptake in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida after chronic exposure (0.5, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 24-d. Following exposure, E. pallida were transferred to ambient seawater for 6-d to assess Mn depuration. Mn accumulation and partitioning in host tissue and symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.), tentacle retraction, and symbiont cell density were measured during exposure and depuration. Mn concentrations were substantially higher in symbionts than tissue in all treatments after 24-d. No significant difference was observed for symbiont cell density after Mn exposure. Tentacle retractions were significantly higher in all Mn exposed treatments than controls at all time points. Mn depuration was observed for both tissue and symbionts but was more rapid in symbionts. This study reveals that Symbiodinium spp. can play a role in Mn uptake and depuration in anemones, but Mn loading does not affect cell density. These results help understand metal uptake and depuration in complex relationships between Symbiodinium spp. and other host taxa like corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Iyagbaye
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
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Alho LDOG, Gebara RC, Mansano ADS, Rocha GS, Melão MDGG. Individual and Combined Effects of Manganese and Chromium on a Freshwater Chlorophyceae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1004-1015. [PMID: 35020957 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential metal in trace amounts, and chromium (Cr), a nonessential metal to algae, are often found in effluent discharges and may co-occur in contaminated aquatic environments. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Mn and Cr, and their mixtures, on a freshwater Chlorophyceae, Raphidocelis subcapitata, using a multiple endpoint approach. Regarding the single exposure of metals, Mn was 4 times more toxic (median inhibitory concentration at 72 h [IC5072 h ] = 4.02 ± 0.45 µM Mn) than Cr (IC5072 h = 16.42 ± 4.94 µM Cr) for microalgae, considering the effects on the relative growth rate. Moreover, this species was the most sensitive to Mn, according to the species sensitivity distribution curve. Overall, the tested metals did not lead to significant changes in reactive oxygen species production, cellular complexity, and cell relative size but significantly decreased the algal growth and the mean cell chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence at the highest concentrations (3.64-14.56 µM of Mn and 15.36-19.2 µM of Cr). The decreased mean cell Chl a fluorescence indicates an impact on pigment synthesis, which may be related to the observed growth inhibition. In the mixture tests, the reference models concentration addition and independent action were used to analyze the data, and the independent action model was the best fit to describe our results. Therefore, the Mn and Cr mixture was noninteractive, showing additive effects. This is the first study to address the combined toxicity of Mn and Cr regarding freshwater Chlorophyceae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1004-1015. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves Alho
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Queiroz HM, Ruiz F, Deng Y, de Souza Júnior VS, Ferreira AD, Otero XL, de Lima Camêlo D, Bernardino AF, Ferreira TO. Mine tailings in a redox-active environment: Iron geochemistry and potential environmental consequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151050. [PMID: 34678369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides provide many functions in soils, mainly owing to their large surface area and high surface charge density. The reactivity of Fe oxyhydroxides is function of their mineralogical characteristics (e.g., crystallinity degree and crystal size). Detailed studies of these features are essential for predicting the stability and reactivity of these minerals within soil and sediments. The present study aimed to evaluate geochemical changes in Fe-rich tailings after the world's largest mining disaster in SE Brazil (in 2015) and to predict the potential environmental implications for the estuary. The mineralogical characteristics of the tailings were studied at three different times (2015, 2107, and 2019) to assess how an active redox environment affects Fe oxyhydroxides and to estimate the time frame within which significant changes occur. The study findings indicate a large decrease in the Fe oxyhydroxides crystallinity, which were initially composed (93%) of highly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides (i.e., goethite and hematite) and 6.7% of poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides (i.e., lepidocrocite and ferrihydrite). Within 4 years the mineralogical features of Fe oxyhydroxides had shifted, and in 2019 poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides represented 47% of the Fe forms. Scanning electron microscope micrographs and the mean crystal size evidenced a decrease in particle size from 109 nm to 49 nm for goethite in the d111 direction. The changes in mean crystal size increased the reactivity of Fe oxyhydroxides, resulting in a greater number of interactions with cationic and anionic species. The decreased crystallinity and increased reactivity led to the compounds being more susceptible to reductive dissolution. Overall, the findings show that the decrease in crystallinity along with higher susceptibility to reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxides can affect the fate of environmentally detrimental elements (e.g., phosphorus and trace metals) thereby increasing the concentration of these pollutants in estuarine soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermano Melo Queiroz
- Department of Soil Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Department of Soil Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Youjun Deng
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Valdomiro S de Souza Júnior
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Duim Ferreira
- Department of Soil Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xosé Luis Otero
- CRETUS Institute, Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Danilo de Lima Camêlo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Angelo Fraga Bernardino
- Department of Oceanography, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Tiago Osório Ferreira
- Department of Soil Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bristy MS, Sarker KK, Baki MA, Quraishi SB, Hossain MM, Islam A, Khan MF. Health risk estimation of metals bioaccumulated in commercial fish from coastal areas and rivers in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103666. [PMID: 33895355 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminations in commercial fish have become a great public health concern worldwide including Bangladesh. The current study was conducted to provide preliminary evidence of nine metals in three commercially significant fish namely Pampus argenteus, Sardinella longiceps and Tenualosa ilisha collected from four coastal stations- Kuakata, Pathorghata, Cox's Bazar, and Pirojpur, and eight stations of five rivers- Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Katcha, and Nobogonga in Bangladesh. High magnitudes of Pb (0.74-4.59 mg/kg ww), Cd (0.07-0.24 mg/kg ww), and Mn (0.45-2.03 mg/kg ww) were recorded in the sampling stations that exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL) proposed by different recognized organizations. Significant mean differences of metal concentrations were observed (p < 0.05) between species and stations. In fish samples, excessive metals accumulations were recorded from Kuakata (St.1) at the coastal area, and Nobogonga (St. 12) among the rivers. The health risk assessment (HRA) was carried out comprehensively via the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR) calculations. The outcomes of EDI, THQ, and HI suggest that chronic exposure to towering Pb content might pose potential health threats to inhabitants particularly living in highly polluted stations of the coastal area. In addition, the massive TR values of Cd intake through fish consumption from the coastal area might create cancer risks. Accordingly, the ingestion of metals contaminated fish portends chronic as well as acute health risks to Bangladeshi people living both at home and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Saha Bristy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Kumar Sarker
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baki
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh.
| | - Shamshad B Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ISO 17025 Accredited), Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muzammel Hossain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Arifin Islam
- Department of Accounting & Information System (Statistics), Faculty of Business Studies, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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10
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Thawkar BS, Kaur G. Zebrafish as a Promising Tool for Modeling Neurotoxin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:949-965. [PMID: 33687726 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex and challenging due to the higher failure rate in the drug development process. The overproduction and deposition of Aβ senile plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation are well-recognized diagnostic hallmarks of AD. Numerous transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease have restrictions on cost-effectiveness and time in the preclinical setup. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent complementary model for neurodegenerative research due to simpler organisms with robust, clearly visible behavior forms. Glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways responsible for learning and memory are present in zebrafish and actively participate in the transmission process. Therefore, it is imperative to study neurotoxic agents' mechanisms that induce dysfunction of memory, learning, and neurons in the zebrafish. This review illustrates the in-depth molecular mechanism of several neurotoxic agents such as okadaic acid, cigarette smoke extract, and metals to produce cognitive deficits or neurodegeneration similar to mammals. These updates would determine an ideal and effective neurotoxic agent for producing AD pathophysiology in the zebrafish brain for preclinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baban S Thawkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India.
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11
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Queiroz HM, Ying SC, Abernathy M, Barcellos D, Gabriel FA, Otero XL, Nóbrega GN, Bernardino AF, Ferreira TO. Manganese: The overlooked contaminant in the world largest mine tailings dam collapse. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106284. [PMID: 33264733 PMCID: PMC8382573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an abundant element in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and an essential micronutrient in the metabolic processes of plants and animals. Mn is generally not considered a potentially toxic element due to its low content in both soil and water. However, in coastal ecosystems, the Mn dynamic (commonly associated with the Fe cycle) is mostly controlled by redox processes. Here, we assessed the potential contamination of the Rio Doce estuary (SE Brazil) by Mn after the world's largest mine tailings dam collapse, potentially resulting in chronic exposure to local wildlife and humans. Estuarine soils, water, and fish were collected and analyzed seven days after the arrival of the tailings in 2015 and again two years after the dam collapse in 2017. Using a suite of solid-phase analyses including X-ray absorption spectroscopy and sequential extractions, our results indicated that a large quantity of MnII arrived in the estuary in 2015 bound to Fe oxyhydroxides. Over time, dissolved Mn and Fe were released from soils when FeIII oxyhydroxides underwent reductive dissolution. Due to seasonal redox oscillations, both Fe and Mn were then re-oxidized to FeIII, MnIII, and MnIV and re-precipitated as poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides and poorly crystalline Mn oxides. In 2017, redox conditions (Eh: -47 ± 83 mV; pH: 6.7 ± 0.5) favorable to both Fe and Mn reduction led to an increase (~880%) of dissolved Mn (average for 2015: 66 ± 130 µg L-1; 2017: 582 ± 626 µg L-1) in water and a decrease (~75%, 2015: 547 ± 498 mg kg-1; 2017: 135 ± 80 mg kg-1) in the total Mn content in soils. The crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides content significantly decreased while the fraction of poorly ordered Fe oxides increased in the soils limiting the role of Fe in Mn retention. The high concentration of dissolved Mn found within the estuary two years after the arrival of mine tailings indicates a possible chronic contamination scenario, which is supported by the high levels of Mn in two species of fish living in the estuary. Our work suggests a high risk to estuarine biota and human health due to the rapid Fe and Mn biogeochemical dynamic within the impacted estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermano M Queiroz
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Macon Abernathy
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Diego Barcellos
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabricio A Gabriel
- Grupo de Ecologia Bentônica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Xosé L Otero
- Department of Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry - CRETUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gabriel N Nóbrega
- Graduate Program in Earth Sciences (Geochemistry), Department of Geochemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Angelo F Bernardino
- Grupo de Ecologia Bentônica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Tiago O Ferreira
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Mooney TJ, McCullough CD, Jansen A, Chandler L, Douglas M, Harford AJ, van Dam R, Humphrey C. Elevated Magnesium Concentrations Altered Freshwater Assemblage Structures in a Mesocosm Experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1973-1987. [PMID: 32662894 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a mining-related contaminant in the Alligators Rivers Region of tropical northern Australia. A mesocosm experiment was used to assess Mg toxicity to aquatic freshwater assemblages. Twenty-five 2700-L tubs were arranged, stratified randomly, on the bed of Magela Creek, a seasonally flowing, sandy stream channel in the Alligator Rivers Region of northern Australia. The experiment comprised 5 replicates of 4 nominal Mg treatments, 2.5, 7.5, 23, and 68 mg L-1 , and a control. Phytoplankton biomass, and diatom, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate assemblages present in the treatment tubs were sampled before and after Mg addition. A significant negative relationship between phytoplankton biomass and Mg was observed 4 wk after Mg addition as measured by chlorophyll a concentrations (r2 = 0.97, p = 0.01). This result was supported by reductions in some major phytoplankton groups in response to increasing Mg concentrations, in the same experiment and from independent field studies. There was a significant negative relationship between zooplankton assemblage similarity (to control) and Mg concentrations (r2 = 0.96, p = 0.002). Seven weeks after Mg addition, macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by 3 microcrustacean groups (Ostracoda, Cladocera, and Copepoda), each reaching maximum abundance at intermediate Mg concentrations (i.e., unimodal responses). The responses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were used to derive assemblage effect concentrations (Mg concentrations resulting in x% of the assemblage change [ECx]). Magnesium concentrations resulting in assemblage EC01 values were <3 mg L-1 . Together with candidate guideline values from other laboratory- and field-based lines of evidence, the mesocosm EC01 values were incorporated into a weight-of-evidence framework for a robust regulatory approach to environmental protection. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1973-1987. © 2020 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Jansen
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lisa Chandler
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michael Douglas
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rick van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Mineral leaching from compost can be environmentally disruptive. Little information is available regarding trace mineral leaching from equine-sourced compost. The objective of this study was to quantify the mineral content and leaching potential of compost produced from feces of horses fed different amounts and forms (organic or inorganic) of trace minerals. Nine horses were fed three treatments in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin Square design. The dietary treatments were provided as a daily pellet: CON (pellet without added trace minerals), ING (added inorganic trace minerals), and ORG (added organic trace minerals). The added trace minerals were Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Feces were collected from each horse after a 16-day feeding period, combined with straw, composted, and then subjected to simulated rainfall to measure mineral mobility. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn were greater in ING and ORG compared to CON compost (p < 0.05); additionally, ING had greater Zn than ORG compost (p < 0.05). More Cu leached from ING and ORG compared to CON (p < 0.05). The most Zn leached from ING, followed by ORG, and the least amount leached from CON compost (p < 0.05). Dietary trace mineral intake affected the trace mineral concentration in the compost and amount available to leach during rainfall events.
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14
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Ré A, Campos I, Saraiva MJ, Puga J, Keizer JJ, Gonçalves FJM, Pereira JL, Abrantes N. Wildfire effects on two freshwater producers: Combining in-situ and laboratory bioassays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110361. [PMID: 32126411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean forests are highly susceptible to wildfires, which can cause several impacts not only within burnt areas but also on downstream aquatic ecosystems. The ashes' washout from burnt areas by surface runoff can be a diffuse source of toxic substances, such as metals, when reaching the nearby aquatic systems, and can be noxious to aquatic organisms. The present work aimed at assessing the ecotoxicological effects of post-fire contamination on two aquatic producers (the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and the macrophyte Lemna minor) through in-situ bioassays, validating the obtained results with the outcomes of laboratory bioassays with surface water collected simultaneously. Four distinct sites were selected in a basin partially burnt (Ceira river basin; Coimbra district, Portugal) for bioassay deployment: one site upstream the burnt area in the Ceira river (RUS); three sites located under the influence of the burnt area, one immediately downstream of the burnt area in the Ceira river (RDS) and the other two in tributary streams within the burnt area (BS1 and BS2). The in-situ bioassays lasted for 13 days and began following the first post-fire major rain events. Results showed that the microalgae growth rate was able to distinguish the three sites within and downstream of the burnt area (BS1, BS2, RDS) from the site upstream (RUS). By contrast, the macrophytes growth rate only allowed to differentiate between the sites within the burnt area (BS1 and BS2) and those up- and downstream of the burnt area (RUS and RDS). The in-situ results for both species were corroborated with the results of the laboratory experiments, supporting the use of laboratory surrogates for a screening assessment of wildfire impacts in aquatic ecosystems. Direct causal relationships between the observed ecotoxicological effects on R. subcapitata and L. minor and the physical-chemical parameters of the water samples were difficult to establish, although the results suggest (i) a role of differential major and trace metal load in explaining species growth variation; (ii) interaction between metals and/or between metals and other field parameters are likely to modulate the biological responses to the challenges deriving from wildfire runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ré
- Department of Biology and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Earth Surface Processes Team, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- Earth Surface Processes Team, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Puga
- Earth Surface Processes Team, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jan Jacob Keizer
- Earth Surface Processes Team, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Earth Surface Processes Team, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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15
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Angel BM, Figuiere R, Simpson SL. Predicting chronic algal toxicity from 1- to 48-h pulsed exposures to mine site waters using time-averaged concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110263. [PMID: 32036098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite concentrations often fluctuating in aquatic systems that receive contaminant inputs, there has only been a relatively small number of studies investigating the toxicity of intermittent exposures. This is particularly the case for industrial and mine effluents that may contain complex mixtures of contaminants and other stressors. The lack of information is impeding the regulation of such contaminant exposures, whose risk is often assessed by comparison to continuous exposures in whole effluent toxicity (direct toxicity assessment) testing. The current study compared the toxicity from continuous (72-h) and pulsed (1- to 48-h) exposures of two neutralised mine waters (NMWs) to the freshwater algae, Chlorella sp. When the algal toxicity of the different exposures was related to the time-averaged concentration (TAC) of contaminants, it was found that the TAC was a good predictor of toxicity in any given test, with variability in toxicity between tests mainly related to differences in contaminant concentrations from the neutralisation of the acidic mine waters. When the data from tests on two samples were combined on a whole-effluent TAC basis, the EC50 values (95% confidence intervals) for the continuous and pulsed exposures were 0.68% (0.36-1.3) and 0.63% (0.38-1.1) respectively, for NMW sample one, while the corresponding EC50 values for NMW sample two were 1.3% (1.0-1.7) and 1.9% (1.6-2.2), respectively. The toxicity of the second water was strongly influenced by the zinc, and probably copper, concentrations, while the toxicity of the first appeared to be related to additive or synergistic toxicity from Al, Cd, Mn and Pb. The findings are discussed in relation to using a contaminant TAC-approach to revise water quality guideline values derived for continuous exposures for application to pulsed exposures, where higher concentrations may be permissible for short durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Angel
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - Romain Figuiere
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
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16
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Kleinhenz LS, Nugegoda D, Trenfield MA, van Dam RA, Humphrey CL, Mooney TJ, Harford AJ. Acute and chronic toxicity of magnesium to the early life stages of two tropical freshwater mussel species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109638. [PMID: 31514080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a common contaminant in mine water discharges. Although Mg is an essential element in biological processes, increased concentrations from anthropogenic sources can stress aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, studies evaluating the effects of Mg on north Australian freshwater species have indicated that in very soft waters there is a high risk to some species. Freshwater mussels are an ecologically and culturally important taxon in many freshwater environments, but knowledge of their sensitivity to Mg is limited. In the present study, the acute and chronic sensitivity of two freshwater mussel species, Velesunio angasi and an undescribed Velesunio species, to Mg was assessed (using MgSO4) on their early life stages, larval glochidia and post-parasitic juveniles. Acute 24-h exposures with glochidia generated a mean median lethal (LC50) toxicity estimate of 284mg/L for the five tests with V. angasi, and a mean LC50 of 300mg/L for the three tests with Velesunio sp. Mean chronic 14-d toxicity estimates resulting in 50% (EC50) and 10% (EC10) growth rate reductions for juveniles were 241 and 88mg/L respectively for the three tests with V. angasi juveniles, and 232 and 87mg/L respectively for the three tests with Velesunio sp. juveniles. The results represent the first acute and chronic Mg toxicity data for tropical freshwater mussels, and indicated that V. angasi and Velesunio sp. exhibited similar sensitivity and were moderately sensitive to Mg when compared to other tropical species. These results are a valuable contribution to the small existing dataset for Mg toxicity to tropical freshwater species, which can be used to inform water management in areas where Mg is a contaminant of concern, and ensure the protection of these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Kleinhenz
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia.
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Christopher L Humphrey
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Thomas J Mooney
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
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17
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César Dos Santos Lima J, Gazonato Neto AJ, de Pádua Andrade D, Freitas EC, Moreira RA, Miguel M, Daam MA, Rocha O. Acute toxicity of four metals to three tropical aquatic invertebrates: The dragonfly Tramea cophysa and the ostracods Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:535-541. [PMID: 31128551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relatively low availability of toxicity data for indigenous tropical species has often been discussed. In addition, several taxonomic groups of invertebrates are understudied, such as dragonflies and ostracods. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute toxicity of four metals (cadmium - Cd, copper - Cu, manganese - Mn, and mercury - Hg) to the tropical dragonfly nymphs of Tramea cophysa and two tropical ostracod species (Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa). Toxicity data for other invertebrates were also mined to allow comparing the sensitivity of the three test species with that of other (temperate and tropical) invertebrates. The order of metal sensitivity was different for the three test species: T. cophysa: Cu > CdHg > Mn, Chlamydotheca sp.: Cd > Cu > Hg > Mn, and S. trispinosa: Cd > Hg > Cu > Mn. However, manganese was the least toxic metal tested for all three species, which is hypothesized to be due to a possible metal transfer to the cuticle of the moulting test species. The sensitivity ranking of the three test species to the metals was S. trispinosa > Chlamydotheca sp.>T. cophysa (except for Cu for which the ranking was Chlamydotheca sp.>T. cophysa > S. trispinosa). Overall, the test species are concluded to be suitable test organisms for tropical toxicity evaluations. Future studies should also evaluate the chronic toxicity and include other important metal exposure routes such as sediment and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Dos Santos Lima
- Post-Graduate Program of Sciences of Environmental Engineering, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Antonio José Gazonato Neto
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Pádua Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Cristina Freitas
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguel
- Post-Graduate Program of Sciences of Environmental Engineering, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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18
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van Dam RA, Hogan AC, Harford AJ, Humphrey CL. How Specific Is Site-Specific? A Review and Guidance for Selecting and Evaluating Approaches for Deriving Local Water Quality Benchmarks. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:683-702. [PMID: 31260182 PMCID: PMC6851750 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Existing prescriptive guidance on the derivation of local water quality benchmarks (WQBs; e.g., guideline values, criteria, standards) for protecting aquatic ecosystems is limited to only 3 to 4 specific approaches. These approaches do not represent the full suite available for deriving local WQBs for multiple types of water quality-related issues. The general lack of guidance is inconsistent with the need for, and benefits of, local WQBs, and can constrain the appropriate selection and subsequent evaluation of derivation approaches. Consequently, the defensibility of local WQBs may not be commensurate with the nature of the issues for which they are derived. Moreover, where local WQBs are incorporated into regulatory requirements, the lack of guidance presents a potential risk to the derivation of appropriate WQBs and the achievement of desired environmental outcomes. This review addresses the deficiency in guidance by 1) defining local WQBs and outlining initial considerations for deciding if one is required; 2) summarizing the existing regulatory context; 3) summarizing existing guidance and identifying gaps; 4) describing strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications of a range of derivation approaches based on laboratory and/or field data; and 5) presenting a conceptual framework for appropriately selecting and evaluating a derivation approach to best suit the need. The guidance incorporates an existing set of guiding principles for deriving local WQBs and reinforces an existing categorization of site-adapted and site-specific WQBs. The conceptual framework recognizes the need to strike an appropriate balance between effort and ecological risk and, thus, embeds the concept of fit-for-purpose by considering both the significance of the issue being assessed and the extent to which the approach provides confidence that the ecosystem will be appropriately protected. The guidance can be used by industry, regulators, and others for both the a priori selection and the post hoc evaluation of appropriate approaches for deriving local WQBs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:683-702. © 2019 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A van Dam
- WQadviceTorrensvilleAustralia
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising ScientistAustralian Government Department of the Environment and EnergyDarwinNorthwest TerritoriesAustralia
- RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- Terrain Natural Resource ManagementInnisfailQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising ScientistAustralian Government Department of the Environment and EnergyDarwinNorthwest TerritoriesAustralia
- RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chris L Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising ScientistAustralian Government Department of the Environment and EnergyDarwinNorthwest TerritoriesAustralia
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19
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McKinley K, McLellan I, Gagné F, Quinn B. The toxicity of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni) to the cnidarian Hydra attenuata at environmentally relevant concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:848-854. [PMID: 30790757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The domestic, agricultural, industrial, technological and medical applications of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have led to global pollution in all environments. In this study, the cnidarian Hydra attenuata was exposed individually and to a mixture of 5 metals (copper, iron, manganese, zinc and nickel) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1×) within the Clyde estuary, Scotland and incremental concentrations ranging from 0.0001× to 1000×. Toxicity was investigated using morphology, attachment, hydranth number and feeding behaviour as endpoints. When exposed individually, Cu, Mn and Fe significantly reduced Hydra morphology, feeding and attachment at environmentally relevant concentrations. Hydra mortality was measured, having an LC50 of 0.045× (for the environmentally relevant mixture of metals) and Cu 0.5 mg/l, Fe 3 mg/l, Mn 2 mg/l, Zn 0.1 mg/l, Ni 0.5 mg/l for each element exposed individually. The PTE mixture incurred a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in morphology at 0.0001×, with 100% mortality at 0.1× (containing a concentration of Cu 0.05 mg/l, Fe 0.3 mg/l, Mn 0.2 mg/l, Zn 0.01 mg/l, Ni 0.05 mg/l) and a toxicity threshold (TT) of 0.000005×. Both copper and iron when exposed individually to the concentration of their respective metals found in the environment resulted in 100% mortality for all Hydra exposed. These results indicate that the PTE mixture (including the individual concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and nickel) could potentially prove significantly toxic to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McKinley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Iain McLellan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Brian Quinn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom
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20
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Leppänen JJ, Luoto TP, Weckström J. Spatio-temporal impact of salinated mine water on Lake Jormasjärvi, Finland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1078-1088. [PMID: 30823337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The salinization of freshwater environments is a global concern, and one of the largest sources of salinated water is the mining industry. An increasing number of modern mines are working with low grade sulfide ores, resulting in increased volumes of potentially harmful saline drainage. We used water monitoring data, together with data on sedimentary fossil remains (cladoceran, diatom and chironomid), to analyze the spatio-temporal (5 sampling locations and 3 sediment depths) impact of salinated mine water originating from the Talvivaara/Terrafame open cast mine on multiple components of the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Jormasjärvi, Finland. Lake Jormasjärvi is the fourth and largest lake in a chain of lakes along the path of the mine water. Despite the location and large water volume, the mine water has changed the chemistry of Lake Jormasjärvi, reflected in increased electrical conductivity values since 2010. The ecological impact is significant around the inflow region of the lake, as all biological indicator groups show a rapid and directional shift towards new species composition. There is a clear trend in improved water quality as one moves further from the point of inflow, and as one looks back in time. Our results show that salinated mine water may induce rapid and large scale changes, even far downstream along a chain of several sinking basins. This is of special importance in cases where large amounts of waste water are processed in the vicinity of protected habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Johannes Leppänen
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tomi P Luoto
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Jan Weckström
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Kleinhenz LS, Humphrey CL, Mooney TJ, Trenfield MA, van Dam RA, Nugegoda D, Harford AJ. Chronic ammonia toxicity to juveniles of 2 tropical Australian freshwater mussels (Velesunio spp.): Toxicity test optimization and implications for water quality guideline values. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:841-851. [PMID: 30675921 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels play key roles in aquatic ecosystems, but are experiencing a global decline. Although studies have reported high acute sensitivity of mussels to some contaminants, chronic toxicity data are lacking for deriving high-reliability water quality guideline values. Ammonia is a contaminant of potential concern in some catchments of tropical northern Australia, where freshwater mussels are important ecological and cultural components. The extremely soft waters (hardness < 5 mg/L) of these environments can result in increased toxicity of many contaminants including ammonia, and regionally relevant tropical guideline values are needed to adequately protect these unique ecosystems. An optimized 14-d toxicity test protocol was used to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia for 2 species, the lotic Velesunio sp. and the lentic Velesunio angasi. Ammonia exposures were conducted at pH 6.0 and 27 ± 0.5 °C to represent local environmental conditions, using shell length growth rate as the endpoint. Chronic toxicity estimates indicated high sensitivity to ammonia, with mean median effect concentrations (in total ammonia nitrogen) being 7.0 mg/L for V. angasi from the semi-urbanized Lake Bennett, 9.2 mg/L for V. angasi from Sandy Billabong, and 11.3 mg/L for Velesunio sp. from Gulungul Creek. When the 10% effect concentration values were compared with other chronic ammonia data (normalized to pH 7.0 and 20 °C), Velesunio spp. were found to be more sensitive than 8 of 16 other temperate and 7 of 9 tropical invertebrate and fish species. These chronic toxicity estimates will be used to further inform regionally relevant and site-specific guideline values. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:841-851. © 2019 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Kleinhenz
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Christopher L Humphrey
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas J Mooney
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Supervising Scientist Branch, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Mooney TJ, Pease CJ, Hogan AC, Trenfield M, Kleinhenz LS, Humphrey C, van Dam RA, Harford AJ. Freshwater chronic ammonia toxicity: A tropical-to-temperate comparison. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:177-189. [PMID: 30447090 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chronic toxicity of ammonia to tropical freshwater species is understudied, and thus data on temperate species have been used to derive water quality guideline values for tropical regions. Such practices may lead to underprotective guideline values due to differences in toxicities observed between tropical and temperate species. In addition, the presence of ammonia in low-ionic-strength waters may also result in higher toxicity, and studies on this factor are limited. The present study assessed the toxicity of ammonia to 6 tropical freshwater species in low-ionic-strength waters. Because ammonia toxicity varies depending on the pH and temperature, test water pH concentrations were maintained at approximately pH 6.0 ± 0.3 at temperatures between 27.5 and 30 °C. Low-effect chronic inhibition concentrations were derived for the following species: Chlorella sp. 66 mg L-1 ; Lemna aequinoctialis 22 mg L-1 ; Hydra viridissima 1.8 mg L-1 ; Moinodaphnia macleayi 27 mg L-1 ; Amerianna cumingi 17 mg L-1 ; and Mogurnda mogurnda 5.4 mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen. Two of the species tested (a cnidarian and a fish species) were among the most sensitive reported anywhere within their taxonomic group. Chronic ammonia datasets representing toxicity estimates for temperate and tropical species were plotted and compared using species sensitivity distributions. The results indicate that the differences in chronic toxicity observed between tropical and temperate species were likely due to the low ionic strength of the waters to which tropical species were exposed, rather than any inherent physiological differences between species from tropical and temperate regions. This finding suggests that tropical waters of low ionic strength may be at a higher risk from ammonia compared with other freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:177-189. © 2018 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Ceiwen J Pease
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- Natural Resource Assessment, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Linda S Kleinhenz
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
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Trenfield MA, Harford AJ, Mooney T, Ellis M, Humphrey C, van Dam RA. Integrating laboratory and field studies to assess impacts of discharge from a uranium mine and validate a water quality guideline value for magnesium. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:64-76. [PMID: 30207049 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a primary contaminant in mine water discharges from the Ranger Uranium Mine (north Australia). Site-specific water quality guideline values (WQGVs) for Mg have been derived from laboratory and field studies. Contaminated groundwater with elevated electrical conductivity and metals (Mg, Mn, U, SO4 , and Ca) was detected flowing from the mine site into adjacent surface waters. This provided an opportunity to investigate the protectiveness of the Mg WQGV by conducting an integrated laboratory and field study. A direct toxicity assessment (DTA) of the groundwater was conducted with local tropical freshwater species: duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis), green hydra (Hydra viridissima), and the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi. An in situ toxicity assessment was carried out in the creek receiving diluted groundwater by use of the same species of snail, to aid interpretation of laboratory-derived data. The toxicity of the contaminated groundwater was higher than Mg-only toxicity testing for H. viridissima, with other elevated metals and major ions contributing to toxicity. However, for duckweed and snail, the contaminated groundwater was less toxic than the Mg-only testing. In situ snail monitoring supported laboratory exposures, showing no effect on reproduction of A. cumingi exposed to an average of approximately 5 mg/L Mg; however, a very small effect was noted closer to the groundwater source, probably associated with other contaminants. The minimal toxicity observed for L. aequinoctialis and A. cumingi, despite the elevated Mg, can be explained by the high calcium (Ca) concentration of the water and the potential amelioration of metal toxicity. The extent of Ca amelioration of Mg toxicity was organism dependent. This study affirms the proposed environmental rehabilitation standard of 3 mg/L Mg for surface waters with a Ca concentration typical of water from this mine site. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:64-76. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Thomas Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Mark Ellis
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
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Rogers JJ, Henley WF, Weberg AG, Jones JW, Gregory Cope W. Assessment of growth, survival, and organ tissues of caged mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a river-scape influenced by coal mining in the southeastern USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1273-1286. [PMID: 30248852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Clinch River contains one of the most diverse freshwater mussel assemblages in the United States, with 46 extant species, 20 of which are listed as federally endangered. In a 91 km section of the Clinch River, mussel densities have severely declined at key sites from 1979 to 2014 (zone of decline), compared to other river sections that support high density and stable mussel populations (zone of stability). Coal mining has occurred in tributary watersheds that drain to the zone of decline since the late nineteenth century. To determine differences in survival, growth, and organ (gills, digestive glands, kidneys, and gonads) tissue health between the river zones, laboratory-propagated mussels were deployed to cages for one year at four sites each within the zones of mussel stability and decline. Means of growth and survival of mussels in the zone of stability were significantly greater than in the zone of decline, and mean fractions of kidney lipofuscin in mussels in the zone of decline was significantly greater than in the zone of stability. Water concentrations of K+, Na+, Al, and Mn were significantly greater in the zone of decline than in the zone of stability. Statistical correlation results indicated that mussel survival was positively associated with concentrations of Mn in water, and kidney lipofuscin was negatively associated with concentrations of dissolved K+, SO42-, and Mg2+. Most concentrations of contaminants were below published benchmark criteria, yet our results suggest that conditions continue to exist in the zone of decline that promote impacts to mussels that are at least partially associated with low concentration coal-related contaminants. More research is needed to determine the additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these complex ionic mixtures on freshwater mussels from river environments, such as in the Clinch River, where constituent concentrations are relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Rogers
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - William F Henley
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Amanda G Weberg
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jess W Jones
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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Peters A, Merrington G, Schlekat C, De Schamphelaere K, Stauber J, Batley G, Harford A, van Dam R, Pease C, Mooney T, Warne M, Hickey C, Glazebrook P, Chapman J, Smith R, Krassoi R. Validation of the nickel biotic ligand model for locally relevant species in Australian freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2566-2574. [PMID: 29923627 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Australian freshwaters have relatively low water hardness and different calcium (Ca) to magnesium (Mg) ratios compared with those in Europe. The hardness values of a substantial proportion of Australian freshwaters fall below the application boundary of the existing European nickel biotic ligand models (Ni BLMs) of 2 mg Ca/L. Toxicity testing was undertaken using Hydra viridissima to assess the predictive ability of the existing Ni BLM for this species in extremely soft waters. This testing revealed an increased competitive effect of Ca and Mg with Ni for binding to the biotic ligand in soft water (<10 mg CaCO3 /L) than at higher water hardness. Modifications were made to the Ni BLM by increasing the binding constants for Ca and Mg at the biotic ligand to account for softer waters encountered in Australia and the more important competitive effect of Ca and Mg on Ni toxicity. To validate the modified Ni BLM, ecotoxicity testing was performed on 5 Australian test species in 5 different natural Australian waters. Overall, no single water chemistry parameter was able to indicate the trends in toxicity to all of the test species. The modified Ni BLMs were able to predict the toxicity of Ni to the test species in the validation studies in natural waters better than the existing Ni BLMs. The present study suggests that the overarching mechanisms defining Ni bioavailability to freshwater species are globally similar and that Ni BLMs can be used in all freshwater systems with minor modifications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2566-2574. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Peters
- wca environment, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Stauber
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Graeme Batley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Harford
- Department of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Rick van Dam
- Department of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ceiwen Pease
- Department of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Tom Mooney
- Department of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
| | - Michael Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Hickey
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - John Chapman
- Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Lu C, Svoboda KR, Lenz KA, Pattison C, Ma H. Toxicity interactions between manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) in a model organism the nematode C. elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15378-15389. [PMID: 29564703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is considered as an emerging metal contaminant in the environment. However, its potential interactions with companying toxic metals and the associated mixture effects are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the toxicity interactions between Mn and two commonly seen co-occurring toxic metals, Pb and Cd, in a model organism the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The acute lethal toxicity of mixtures of Mn+Pb and Mn+Cd were first assessed using a toxic unit model. Multiple toxicity endpoints including reproduction, lifespan, stress response, and neurotoxicity were then examined to evaluate the mixture effects at sublethal concentrations. Stress response was assessed using a daf-16::GFP transgenic strain that expresses GFP under the control of DAF-16 promotor. Neurotoxicity was assessed using a dat-1::GFP transgenic strain that expresses GFP in dopaminergic neurons. The mixture of Mn+Pb induced a more-than-additive (synergistic) lethal toxicity in the worm whereas the mixture of Mn+Cd induced a less-than-additive (antagonistic) toxicity. Mixture effects on sublethal toxicity showed more complex patterns and were dependent on the toxicity endpoints as well as the modes of toxic action of the metals. The mixture of Mn+Pb induced additive effects on both reproduction and lifespan, whereas the mixture of Mn+Cd induced additive effects on lifespan but not reproduction. Both mixtures seemed to induce additive effects on stress response and neurotoxicity, although a quantitative assessment was not possible due to the single concentrations used in mixture tests. Our findings demonstrate the complexity of metal interactions and the associated mixture effects. Assessment of metal mixture toxicity should take into consideration the unique property of individual metals, their potential toxicity mechanisms, and the toxicity endpoints examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Lu
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kurt R Svoboda
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kade A Lenz
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Claire Pattison
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Levin MB, Khripoun GA, Korneev SM, Mikhelson KN. Water Hardness Electrodes with Ionophores Containing Oxy- and Ester-Groups. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Mooney TJ, Pease C, Trenfield M, van Dam R, Harford AJ. Modeling the pH-ammonia toxicity relationship for Hydra viridissima in soft waters with low ionic concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1189-1196. [PMID: 29280172 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data concerning the toxicity of ammonia in fresh soft waters. Ammonia toxicity is largely dependent on pH and temperature. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has derived equations to adjust species toxicity estimates based on changes in pH and temperature. It has been reported that the pH-ammonia toxicity relationship, derived by the USEPA, may differ in waters with low ionic concentrations because of the absence of potentially ameliorative ionic constituents. The present study aimed to assess the pH-ammonia toxicity relationship for the tropical green hydra, Hydra viridissima, across a range of pH values in a natural water with low ionic content. Ammonia toxicity to H. viridissima was assessed at a pH range between 6.0 and 8.5 and temperature 27.5 ± 1 °C. Test solution pH was maintained using a pH buffer. The resulting median effect concentrations ranged from 9.62 (7.95-11.65) mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen at pH 6.0 to 0.64 (0.50-0.81) mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen at pH 7.9. The results indicated that increasing pH increased the sensitivity of H. viridissima to ammonia. The pH dependence equation derived by the USEPA accurately described the relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity for H. viridissima. However, when the model parameters for the generic pooled relationship were used, the fit was less accurate (r2 = 0.66), indicating that the generic pooled pH-dependence equations may not be appropriate for use with this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1189-1196. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ceiwen Pease
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rick van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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29
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Ferrari CR, do Nascimento HDAF, Rodgher S, Almeida T, Bruschi AL, Nascimento MRLD, Bonifácio RL. Effects of the discharge of uranium mining effluents on the water quality of the reservoir: an integrative chemical and ecotoxicological assessment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13919. [PMID: 29066833 PMCID: PMC5655341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The water quality of the Antas reservoir, under the influence of treated effluents from a uranium mining area Ore Treatment Unit (UTM) with acid mine drainage, was investigated. Samples were collected every 3 months from the Antas reservoir (CAB, P41-E and P14) and from the UTM (P41-S). Chemical and acute 48 h toxicity tests using Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia magna analyses were carried out to determine the potential environmental risks due to discharging the uranium mine effluents into this reservoir. All the water samples taken from the treated effluent (P41-S) were positively correlated with elevated concentrations of uranium, manganese, aluminum, zinc and fluoride and with high electrical conductivity and pH values, being considered toxic. In November 2014 water samples taken from the reservoir showed chemical concentrations above the legislation limits for fluoride (4.5 mg L-1) uranium (0.082 mg L-1), sulfate (662.4 mg L-1), manganese (1.125 mg L-1) and aluminum (1.55 mg L-1), and in July 2015 for fluoride (2.55 mg L-1), uranium (0.01 mg L-1) and manganese (0.36 mg L-1). The extremely high average value for hardness (543.55 mg L-1) possibly reduced the toxicity potential of this chemical species mixture with respect to the bioindicators. The influence of the variation in water hardness on the toxicity of the cladocerans was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rolim Ferrari
- Radioecology Laboratory, Poços de Caldas Laboratory, ‖ Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37719-005, Brazil.
| | - Heliana de Azevedo Franco do Nascimento
- Radioecology Laboratory, Poços de Caldas Laboratory, ‖ Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37719-005, Brazil
| | - Suzelei Rodgher
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos. Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 137, 8 Eugenio de Melo, São José dos Campos SP, 12247-004, Brazil
| | - Tito Almeida
- Community Ecology Laboratory, University of Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguay, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Armando Luiz Bruschi
- Radioecology Laboratory, Poços de Caldas Laboratory, ‖ Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37719-005, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Lopes do Nascimento
- Chemical Analyses Laboratory, Poços de Caldas Laboratory, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37719-005, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Leandro Bonifácio
- Chemical Analyses Laboratory, Poços de Caldas Laboratory, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37719-005, Brazil
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30
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van Dam RA, Hogan AC, Harford AJ. Development and implementation of a site-specific water quality limit for uranium in a high conservation value ecosystem. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:765-777. [PMID: 27943587 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water quality guideline values (GVs) are a key tool for water quality assessments. Site-specific GVs, which incorporate data relevant to local conditions and organisms, provide a higher level of confidence that the GV will protect the aquatic ecosystem at a site compared to generic GVs. Site-specific GVs are, therefore, considered particularly suitable for sites of high sociopolitical or ecological importance. The present paper provides an example of the refinement of a site-specific GV for high ecological value aquatic ecosystems in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia, to improve its site specificity and statistical robustness, thereby increasing confidence in its application. Uranium is a contaminant of concern for Ranger U mine, which releases water into Magela Creek and Gulungul Creek in Kakadu National Park. A site-specific GV for U has been applied, as a statutory limit, to Magela Creek since 2004 and to Gulungul Creek since 2015. The GV of 6 μg/L U was derived from toxicity data for 5 local species tested under local conditions. The acquisition of additional U data, including new information on the effect of DOC on U toxicity, enabled a revision of the site-specific U GV to 2.8 μg/L U and an ability to adjust the value on the basis of environmental concentrations of DOC. The revised GV has been adopted as the statutory limit, with the regulatory framework structured so the GV requires adjustment based on DOC concentration only when an exceedance occurs. Monitoring data for Magela Creek (2001-2013) and Gulungul Creek (2003-2013) downstream of the mine show that dissolved U has not exceeded 1 μg/L. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:765-777. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- NRA Environmental Consultants, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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31
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Altenhofen S, Wiprich MT, Nery LR, Leite CE, Vianna MRMR, Bonan CD. Manganese(II) chloride alters behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:172-183. [PMID: 27912164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for organisms, but high levels can cause serious neurological damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MnCl2 exposure on cognition and exploratory behavior in adult and larval zebrafish and correlate these findings with brain accumulation of Mn, overall brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine (DA) levels, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and cell death markers in the nervous system. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) and larvae exposed for 5days (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5mM) displayed decreased exploratory behaviors, such as distance traveled and absolute body turn angle, in addition to reduced movement time and an increased number of immobile episodes in larvae. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days showed impaired aversive long-term memory in the inhibitory avoidance task. The overall brain TH levels were elevated in adults and larvae evaluated at 5 and 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). Interestingly, the protein level of this enzyme was decreased in larval animals at 10dpf. Furthermore, DOPAC levels were increased in adult animals exposed to MnCl2. Protein analysis showed increased apoptotic markers in both the larvae and adult nervous system. The results demonstrated that prolonged exposure to MnCl2 leads to locomotor deficits that may be associated with damage caused by this metal in the CNS, particularly in the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Roesler Nery
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Ryff Moreira Roca Vianna
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia e Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mooney TJ, Harford AJ, Trenfield MA, Pease CJ, Hogan AC, van Dam RA. Increasing uranium exposure durations to the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi does not result in lower toxicity estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2851-2858. [PMID: 27115938 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive inhibition (egg production) of the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi over 4 d has been used to derive toxicity estimates for toxicants of concern in tropical Australia. Toxicity estimates from this test have been used as chronic data points in species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for deriving site-specific guideline values. However, revised guidance for the Australian and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines advises that test durations for adult macroinvertebrates should be ≥14 d to be considered chronic. Hence, to strengthen the data set underpinning the site-specific guideline value for uranium (U) in Magela Creek, which receives water from the Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia, the toxicity of U to A. cumingi was compared after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d. Daily U concentrations were measured because of expected U loss during testing, providing extensive chemical analyses of the U exposure during the toxicity tests. Comparison of the U concentrations causing 50% reproductive inhibition (IC50) after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d showed no difference in toxicity (4 d IC50 = 161 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 133-195; 9-d IC50 = 151 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 127-180; 14-d IC50 = 153 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 29-180). The present study provides evidence that test durations of <14 d are suitable for assessing chronic toxicity to U for this species and supports the use of the 4-d toxicity estimate in the SSD for U. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2851-2858. © 2016 Commonwealth of Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ceiwen J Pease
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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