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Itoh K, Matsueda S. Exploring the Potential of Humoral Immune Response to Commensal Bifidobacterium as a Biomarker for Human Health, including Both Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases: A Perspective on Detection Strategies and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:803. [PMID: 38672158 PMCID: PMC11048515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we explore the pivotal role of commensal Bifidobacterium (c-BIF) as potent non-self-antigens through antigenic mimicry, along with exploring the potential of humoral immune responses for both malignant and non-malignant disease. c-BIF, a predominant component of the human gut microbiome encompassing around 90% of the human genome, has emerged as a pivotal player in human biology. Over recent decades, there has been extensive research elucidating the intricate connections between c-BIF and various facets of human health, with particular emphasis on their groundbreaking impact on anti-cancer effects and the management of non-malignant diseases. The multifaceted role of c-BIF is explored, ranging from enhancing anti-tumor immunity to improving the efficacy of anti-cancer and anti-infectious disease strategies, and serving as predictive biomarkers for various diseases. Recent studies highlight not only c-BIF's promotion of anti-tumor immunity but also their role in enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The review emphasizes the promising avenue of manipulating the gut microbiota, particularly c-BIF, for modulating cancer immunotherapy with targeted effects on tumor cells while minimizing harm to normal tissue. In the context of infectious and inflammatory diseases, the crucial role of c-BIFs in the management of COVID-19 symptoms is examined, emphasizing their impact on the severity of and immune response to COVID-19. Furthermore, c-BIF exhibits preventive and therapeutic effects on Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) and shows promise in improving inflammatory bowel diseases. The potential application of c-BIF as a biomarker for immunotherapy is explored, with a specific emphasis on its predictive and prognostic value in cancer. Suggestions are made regarding the use of humoral immune responses to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides that share motifs with c-BIF, proposing them as potential markers for predicting overall survival in diverse cancer patients. In conclusion, c-BIF emerges as a crucial and multifaceted determinant of human health, across anti-tumor immunity to infectious and inflammatory disease management. The manipulation of c-BIF and gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for advancing therapeutic strategies, particularly in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, this review highlights the significance of c-BIF as potent non-self-antigens via antigenic mimicry, emphasizing the importance of robust humoral immune responses against c-BIF for preventing various diseases, including inflammatory conditions. Elevated levels of circulating antibodies against c-BIF in healthy individuals may serve as potential indicators of lower risks for malignant and non-malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoko Matsueda
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0863, Japan
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Murungweni KT, Ramashia SE, Mashau ME. Effect of malting on physicochemical, antioxidant, and microstructural properties of finger millet ( Eleusine coracana) flours. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:547-563. [PMID: 38268874 PMCID: PMC10804109 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) is a gluten-free crop with a high amount of fiber, calcium and iron, outstanding malting qualities and a low glycemic index. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical, functional, antioxidant and microstructural properties of malted finger millet (light and dark brown) flours. The two varieties of finger millet grains were germinated for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h and kilned for 8 h. The lightness (L*) values of malted finger millet flours significantly increased, with light brown having the highest L* value of 76.62. The hue angle and total color differences (ΔE) of the malted finger millet flours increased significantly (p ≤ .05.), and values ranged from 63.43° to 71.20° (light brown) and 2.12° to 4.32° (dark brown), respectively. The moisture, ash, fiber, protein, total phenolic, total flavonoids contents and DPPH activity of both malted finger millet flours significantly increased. On the contrary, the fat, carbohydrate, energy contents and FRAP activity significantly decreased with each malting period of both finger millet flours. Both malted finger millet flours' solubility index, water and oil absorption capacity increased significantly while the packed and loose bulk density decreased. Malting had no significant effect on the viscosity of the cold paste; however, a significant decrease in the viscosity of the cooked paste in both finger millet flours was observed, with values ranging from 285 to 424.00 cP (light brown) and 271.33 to 418.00 cP (dark brown), respectively. Malting resulted in changes in the thermal properties of finger millet flours with an increase in the onset, peak and conclusion temperatures. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectra showed that malting slightly changed the peaks of both finger millet flours. Scanning electron microscopy showed that malting altered the microstructural characteristics of finger millet flours. The results showed that malted finger millet flours are promising raw materials for gluten-free bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundai Thelma Murungweni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
| | - Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and BiotechnologyShoolini UniversitySolanIndia
| | - Mpho Edward Mashau
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
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3
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Chinma CE, Adedeji OE, Jolayemi OS, Ezeocha VC, Ilowefah MA, Rosell CM, Adebo JA, Wilkin JD, Adebo OA. Impact of germination on the techno-functional properties, nutritional composition, and health-promoting compounds of brown rice and its products: A review. J Food Sci 2024; 89:8-32. [PMID: 37997506 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a popular grain and forms part of the daily diet of people throughout the world. However, the consumption of rice and its products is sometimes limited by its high glycemic index due to its high starch content, low protein content and quality, and low bioavailability of minerals due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors. This has partly stimulated research interest in recent times toward the use of bioprocessing techniques such as germination as cheap and natural means to improve the nutritional quality, digestibility, and health properties of cereals, including rice, to partially achieve nutrition and food security in the developing regions of the world. This review highlights the impact of germination on the nutritional quality, health-promoting properties, and techno-functional characteristics of germinated brown rice grains and their products. The review demonstrated that germinated rice grains and their products have improved nutritional quality and digestibility, modified functional properties, and showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-cardiovascular activities. Germination appears to be a suitable bioprocessing method to improve the nutritional quality and bioactive constituents and modify the techno-functional properties of rice grains for diverse food applications and improved global nutrition and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Olusola Samuel Jolayemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Vanessa Chinelo Ezeocha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Muna Abdulsalam Ilowefah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sabha University, Sabha, Libya
| | - Cristina M Rosell
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebo
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan D Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Khaleel SM, Shanshal SA, Khalaf MM. The Role of Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer: A Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:1202-1211. [PMID: 36622515 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, cancer is among the principal causes of death, and the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing annually around the world, and it is currently ranked third most diagnosed cancer type. Despite the development in the treatment procedures for colorectal cancer including chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, the death rates from this cancer type are still elevated due to the adverse effects associated with treatment that may affect patients' quality of life. Recently, the global interest in probiotics research has grown with significant positive results. METHODS: This review discusses the role of probiotics in normal colorectal physiology and cancer. RESULTS Probiotics will become an essential part in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer in the near future as they are expected to provide a solution to the problems associated with cancer treatment. Probiotics' properties open the way for multiple effective uses in colorectal cancer prevention strategies. Additionally, probiotics can reduce the problems associated with chemotherapy and surgery when used synergistically. Probiotics can also increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic medications. Targeted drug delivery and TRAIL collaboration techniques are other effective and promising methods that involve probiotics. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics have properties that make them useful in the management and prevention of colorectal cancer and can provide new avenue to reduce the occurrence of this malignancy and enhance the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad M Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Sadeel A Shanshal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq.
| | - Musab M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Maiti S, Banik A. Strategies to fortify the nutritional values of polished rice by implanting selective traits from brown rice: A nutrigenomics-based approach. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113271. [PMID: 37803581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-grain cereals are important components of a healthy diet. It reduces the risk of many deadly diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. Brown rice is an example of whole grain food, which is highly nutritious due to the presence of various bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, vitamins, phytosterols, oils, etc.) associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice. White rice is devoid of the nutritious rice bran layer and thus lacks the bioactive compounds which are the major attractants of brown rice. Therefore, to confer health benefits to the public at large, the nutrigenomic potential of white rice may be improved by integrating the phytochemicals associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice into it via biofortification processes like conventional breeding, agronomic practices, metabolic engineering, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and RNAi techniques. Thus, this review article focuses on improving the nutritional qualities of white/polished rice through biofortification processes, utilizing new breeding technologies (NBTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Maiti
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Beaulieu JC, Boue SM, Goufo P. Health-promoting germinated rice and value-added foods: a comprehensive and systematic review of germination effects on brown rice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11570-11603. [PMID: 35816149 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, thousands of articles have appeared examining the effects of soaking and germinating brown rice (BR). Variable germination conditions and methods have been employed to measure different health-beneficial parameters in a diverse germplasm of BR. Research results may therefore appear inconsistent with occasional anomalies, and it may be difficult to reach consensus concerning expected trends. Herein, we amassed a comprehensive review on germinated brown rice (GBR), attempting to codify 133 peer-reviewed articles regarding the effects on 164 chemical parameters related to health and nutrition in BR and in value-added food products. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) approach was used to direct the flow of the literature search. A pair-wise comparison t-test was performed to deliver an overall approach indicating when a given compound has been found to significantly increase or decrease through germination, which was grouped into GABA and polyamines, γ-Oryzanol and phytosterols, phenolic compounds, vitamins, proteins and amino acids, starchy carbohydrates, free sugars, lipids, minerals and phytic acid. This resource will stimulate interest in germinating rice and optimistically help increase both production and consumption of highly nutritious, health-beneficial rice with pigmented bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Beaulieu
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Piebiep Goufo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Sun L, Qu J, Ke X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Lv N, Leng J, Zhang Y, Guan A, Feng Y, Sun Y. Interaction between intratumoral microbiota and tumor mediates the response of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229888. [PMID: 37901832 PMCID: PMC10602640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observations have demonstrated that the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is highly variable in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Recent studies focusing on the intratumoral microbiota of colorectal cancer have revealed its role in oncogenesis and tumor progression. However, limited research has focused on the influence of intratumoral microbiota on the nCRT of LARC. Methods We explored the microbial profiles in the tumor microenvironment of LARC using RNA-seq data from a published European cohort. Microbial signatures were characterized in pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR groups. Multi-omics analysis was performed between intratumor microbiomes and transcriptomes. Results Microbial α and β diversity were significantly different in pCR and non-pCR groups. Twelve differential microbes were discovered between the pCR and non-pCR groups, six of which were related to subclusters of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) associated with extracellular matrix formation. A microbial risk score based on the relative abundance of seven differential microbes had predictive value for the nCRT response (AUC = 0.820, p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study presents intratumoral microbes as potential independent predictive markers for the response of nCRT to LARC and demonstrates the underlying mechanism by which the interaction between intratumoral microbes and CAFs mediates the response to nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangming Qu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindi Ke
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingze Leng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Guan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Neto Í, Rocha J, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Experimental Murine Models for Colorectal Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092570. [PMID: 37174036 PMCID: PMC10177088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and in both sexes. Numerous animal models for CRC have been established to study its biology, namely carcinogen-induced models (CIMs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). CIMs are valuable for assessing colitis-related carcinogenesis and studying chemoprevention. On the other hand, CRC GEMMs have proven to be useful for evaluating the tumor microenvironment and systemic immune responses, which have contributed to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Although metastatic disease can be induced by orthotopic injection of CRC cell lines, the resulting models are not representative of the full genetic diversity of the disease due to the limited number of cell lines suitable for this purpose. On the other hand, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are the most reliable for preclinical drug development due to their ability to retain pathological and molecular characteristics. In this review, the authors discuss the various murine CRC models with a focus on their clinical relevance, benefits, and drawbacks. From all models discussed, murine CRC models will continue to be an important tool in advancing our understanding and treatment of this disease, but additional research is required to find a model that can correctly reflect the pathophysiology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Neto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina P Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ma Y, Zhang S, Feng D, Duan N, Rong L, Wu Z, Shen Y. Effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilization on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of brown rice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1071874. [PMID: 36819670 PMCID: PMC9936061 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1071874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown rice as a whole grain food is associated with various chronic diseases' reduced risks. In this study, the effects of different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 160, 210, 260, 315, and 420 kg N/ 100 m2) on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of brown rice (yanfeng47) were investigated. At nitrogen level of 210-260 kg N/100 m2, the content of TFC (302.65 mg/100 g), β-sitosterol (1762.92 mg/100 g), stigmasterol (1358.735 mg/100 g), DPPH (74.57%), and OH free radical scavenging (74.19%) was the highest. The major phenolic acid was p-hydroxybenzoic acid. There were significant positive linear relationships between TFC (0.872, 0.843), β-sitosterol (0.896, 0.657), stigmasterol (0.543, 0.771), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.871, 0.875), and DPPH, OH antioxidant activity. These indicated that TFC and phytosterols were the most important components in brown rice that had strong antioxidant activity. Composite score of principal components indicated 210 Kg N/100 m2 exhibited a more ideal dose of nitrogen for nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Ma
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daguang Feng
- College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nuoqi Duan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyan Rong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Zhaoxia Wu,
| | - Yixiao Shen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Yixiao Shen,
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10
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Metabolic Variations in Brown Rice Fertilised with Different Levels of Nitrogen. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213539. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a necessary element for plant growth; therefore, it is important to study the influence of N fertilisers on crop metabolites. In this study, we investigate the variability of endogenous metabolites in brown rice fertilised with different amounts of nitrogen. We identified 489 metabolites in brown rice. Compared to non-nitrogen fertilised groups, there were 59 differentially activated metabolic pathways in the nitrogen-fertilised groups. Additionally, there were significantly differential secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, between groups treated with moderate (210 kg N/hm2) and excessive amounts of nitrogen (420 kg N/hm2). Nitrogen fertilisation upregulated linoleic acid metabolism and most steroids, steroid derivatives, and flavonoid compounds, which have antioxidant activity. The DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates were higher in fertilised groups than in the non-fertilised group. These findings provide a theoretical basis to enhance the health benefits of brown rice by improving fertilisation.
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11
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Gomes S, Teixeira-Guedes C, Silva E, Baltazar F, Preto A. Colon microbiota modulation by dairy-derived diet: new strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:9183-9194. [PMID: 35996962 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet is one of the well-known risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This type of cancer is currently the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, urging the need for new and more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches. It is already known that CRC patients have alterations in the microbial community and metabolism. In this regard, a concept that has been recently attracting the attention of the scientific community is the development of functional food or nutraceuticals, as a new and more effective strategy to overcome CRC patient-associated dysbiosis. Particularly, dairy product enriched diets are the major dairy source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and folate intake, which are well-known to have a protective effect against CRC development. In addition, these products are rich in both pre- and probiotics, constituting a double strategy to modulate both the intestinal microbiota composition and the production of microbial metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely, acetate, butyrate, and propionate, are major contributors to colonic homeostasis since they regulate several biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we performed a state of art study concerning the use of dietary patterns, specifically the dairy-derived diet, in the modulation of the human microbiota and their potential use as pre-, pro- or synbiotics for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University (BU), London, UK
| | - Catarina Teixeira-Guedes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás dos Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University (BU), London, UK
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Zhang R, Zhou Z, Ma Y, Du K, Sun M, Zhang H, Tu H, Jiang X, Lu J, Tu L, Niu Y, Chen P. Anti-Gastric Cancer Activity of the Cell-free Culture Supernatant of Serofluid Dish and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YT013. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:898240. [PMID: 35677304 PMCID: PMC9168531 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.898240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is second only to heart disease as a cause of death, despite improvements in its early diagnosis and precision medicine. Due to the limitations of commonly used anticancer methods such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, biological therapy, especially probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, has received widespread attention. Lactobacillus has been proven to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells. In this work, the effects of the cell-free culture supernatant of serofluid dish (CCS1) and the cell-free culture supernatant of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YT013 (CCS2) isolated from serofluid dish on AGS, HCT116, HepG2 and PANC-1 cells were investigated. Based on the CCK-8 assay, CCS1 and CCS2 were shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of CCS2 of AGS, HCT116, HepG2 and PANC-1 cells were 346.51 ± 35.28, 1207.69 ± 333.18, 650.94 ± 123.78 and 808.96 ± 126.27 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the results of fluorescence microscopy showed that CCS2 changed cell morphology and treated with CCS2 (200, 400 and 800 μg/ml) for 48 h, AGS cell apoptosis was quantitatively surveyed by flow cytometry, showing 25.0, 34.1, and 42.6% total apoptotic cells. Moreover, western blotting confirmed that BAX, BAD and Caspase-3/8/9 were significantly upregulated and that BCL-2 was significantly downregulated in AGS cells treated with CCS2. These results indicated that CCS2 might lead to apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In summary, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YT013 may be considered a good candidate for anticancer therapies.
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Soodpakdee K, Nacha J, Rattanachart N, Owatworakit A, Chamyuang S. Fermentation With Pleurotus Ostreatus Enhances the Prebiotic Properties of Germinated Riceberry Rice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:839145. [PMID: 35495911 PMCID: PMC9039537 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.839145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. In recent years, awareness of the health benefits of colored rice varieties and germinated rice has gradually increased. Riceberry rice (R), a black-purple variety, was germinated and subsequently fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium (M) to improve nutrient quality and prebiotic properties. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-glucan contents were measured daily for a total of 4 days. The prebiotic activities of R, germinated Riceberry rice (GR), and germinated Riceberry rice with mycelium (GRM) were evaluated on the probiotic bacteria Pediococcus sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus lactis. Results were compared with the M treatment and with the commercial prebiotic agents: inulin and β-glucan. The treatments were also used to evaluate growth of the pathogen Escherichia coli. The GABA content peaked after 3 days of germination. The GR sample fermented with M for 3 days had the optimal concentration of both β-glucan and GABA. Evaluation of the prebiotic properties of rice samples and the commercial standards (inulin and β-glucan) showed that these were enhanced on the GR and GRM treatments. Results also showed the improvement of prebiotic properties on GR as the R sample did not show any prebiotic properties in all probiotic bacteria, whereas the GR sample showed moderate prebiotic activity score of 0.40, 0.88, and 0.56 on Pediococcus sp., L. acidophilus, and S. lactis, respectively. Furthermore, the prebiotic activity of GR was improved when fermented with M. For further applications, the GRM could be used on rice-based products, such as rice flour, rice crackers, or other rice products to enhance nutritional value and improve digestive system health, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jutamat Nacha
- Microbial Products and Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Amorn Owatworakit
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Microbial Products and Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sunita Chamyuang
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Microbial Products and Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Davoodvandi A, Fallahi F, Tamtaji OR, Tajiknia V, Banikazemi Z, Fathizadeh H, Abbasi-Kolli M, Aschner M, Ghandali M, Sahebkar A, Taghizadeh M, Mirzaei H. An Update on the Effects of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680400. [PMID: 34992527 PMCID: PMC8724544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their increasing prevalence, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are regarded as an important global health challenge. Microorganisms residing in the human GI tract, termed gut microbiota, encompass a large number of living organisms. The role of the gut in the regulation of the gut-mediated immune responses, metabolism, absorption of micro- and macro-nutrients and essential vitamins, and short-chain fatty acid production, and resistance to pathogens has been extensively investigated. In the past few decades, it has been shown that microbiota imbalance is associated with the susceptibility to various chronic disorders, such as obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric disorders, and various types of cancer. Emerging evidence has shown that oral administration of various strains of probiotics can protect against cancer development. Furthermore, clinical investigations suggest that probiotic administration in cancer patients decreases the incidence of postoperative inflammation. The present review addresses the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action of probiotics against GI cancers. The safety of the most commercial probiotic strains has been confirmed, and therefore these strains can be used as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatments for cancer prevention and improving the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical studies are still needed for a better understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of probiotic strains in mitigating GI cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fallahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Changes in Functionality of Germinated and Non-Germinated Brown Rice Fermented by Bacillus natto. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112779. [PMID: 34829060 PMCID: PMC8625969 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is brown rice (BR) that has been germinated. GBR accumulates more nutrients and has a softer texture than BR. The aim of this study was to ferment GBR and BR using Bacillus natto and to investigate the functionality of the fermented products compared with white rice (WR) as a control. After fermentation with B. natto, the crude ash, total essential amino acids, and fat contents of each sample increased, while the crude protein content decreased. Moreover, the γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-oryzanol contents decreased, while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging increased significantly in all fermented samples. The nattokinase activity (FU/g) of the fermented products was highest for GBR (43.11), followed by BR (19.62), and lowest for WR (12.24). Collectively, these results indicate that GBR fermented with B. natto yields better nutritional value and functional properties than fermented BR or WR.
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16
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Lee JJ, Kim S, Cho JH, Kyoung H, Lee S, Choe J, Liu Y, Ji P, Xiong X, Kim Y, Kim HB, Song M. Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab267. [PMID: 34558617 PMCID: PMC8525501 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs (28 d old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments with six pens and six pigs (three barrows and gilts) per pen within a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a formulated diet with 100% replacement of corn with ground brown rice for 35d (treatment diet: GBR). Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 wk after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P < 0.05) serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with ground brown rice in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with ground brown rice in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, ground brown rice-based diet is a potential alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133178. [PMID: 34202265 PMCID: PMC8268640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the World's third most frequently diagnosed cancer type. It accounted for about 9.4% mortality out of the total incidences of cancer in the year 2020. According to estimated facts by World Health Organization (WHO), by 2030, 27 million new CRC cases, 17 million deaths, and around 75 million people living with the disease will appear. The facts and evidence that establish a link between the intestinal microflora and the occurrence of CRC are quite intuitive. Current shortcomings of chemo- and radiotherapies and the unavailability of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC are becoming the driving force to search for an alternative approach for the prevention, therapy, and management of CRC. Probiotics have been used for a long time due to their beneficial health effects, and now, it has become a popular candidate for the preventive and therapeutic treatment of CRC. The probiotics adopt different strategies such as the improvement of the intestinal barrier function, balancing of natural gut microflora, secretion of anticancer compounds, and degradation of carcinogenic compounds, which are useful in the prophylactic treatment of CRC. The pro-apoptotic ability of probiotics against cancerous cells makes them a potential therapeutic candidate against cancer diseases. Moreover, the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics have created interest among researchers to explore the therapeutic strategy by activating the immune system against cancerous cells. The present review discusses in detail different strategies and mechanisms of probiotics towards the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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18
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Zheng C, Liu T, Liu H, Wang J. Role of BCL-2 Family Proteins in Apoptosis and its Regulation by Nutrients. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:799-806. [PMID: 31880257 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191227122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the body, millions of cells die and proliferate each day to maintain normal function and cooperation of all tissues, organs, and systems. Thus, programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is critical to sustain growth, development, and body health. The vital role of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins in apoptosis has been identified. The BCL-2 family includes both pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, which are structurally and functionally related, containing up to four BCL-2 homology (BH) motifs (BH1-4). There are also some nutritional factors that regulate apoptosis via the BCL-2 family proteins. In this review, the BCL-2 family proteins and their apoptosis-inducing mechanism have been discussed, along with the nutrient factors that regulate apoptosis through the BCL-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Role of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer: Onset and Progression. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051021. [PMID: 34068653 PMCID: PMC8151957 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body, and the disruption of these communities can lead to compromised host health and the onset of disease. Current research on probiotics is quite promising and, in particular, these microorganisms have demonstrated their potential for use as adjuvants for the treatment of colorectal cancer. This review addresses the possible applications of probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and next-generation probiotics in colorectal cancer research.
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20
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Tang G, Zhang L. Update on Strategies of Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 74:27-38. [PMID: 33356609 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1865420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the further research on probiotics, probiotics may become an indispensable part in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the future. As one of the most common cancer, the incidence of CRC is still rising in developing countries. Nowadays, there are lacking in prevention methods with low side effect. Surgery and chemotherapy, as the main treatment of CRC, bring many complications and affect the quality of life of patients. Probiotics has provided new ideas to solve these problems. Probiotics have anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, tumor-suppressing and other beneficial effects. Probiotics may provide some safe and effective prevention strategies for CRC. In addition, probiotics can also reduce the complications of surgery and chemotherapy, and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Target administration with probiotics or probiotics cooperated with TRAIL to treat CRC. This article aims to review the mechanisms of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of CRC, as well as specific ways to use probiotics, in order to provide more new strategies for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the future, and reduce the incidence of and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Badgeley A, Anwar H, Modi K, Murphy P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188494. [PMID: 33346129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria present in probiotics, particularly the common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microbes, have been found to induce anti-cancer action by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis and protecting against oxidative stress. Probiotics supplements also decrease the cancer-producing microorganism Fusobacterium. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota modifies the effect of chemo/radiation therapy. Gut microbes not only enhance the action of chemotherapy drugs but also reduce the side effects of these medications. Additionally, gut microbes reduce immunotherapy toxicity, in particular, the presence of Bacteroidetes or Bifidobacterium decreases the development of colitis by ipilimumab therapy. Probiotics supplements containing Bifidobacterium also reduce chemotherapy-induced mucositis and radiation-induced diarrhea. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism behind the anti-cancer action of Bifidobacterium species. Available studies have revealed Bifidobacterium species decrease cancer cell proliferation via the inhibition of growth factor signaling as well as inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Bifidobacterium species reduce the adverse effects of chemo/immuno/radiation therapy by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Further clinical studies are needed to identify the powerful and suitable Bifidobacterium strain for the development of adjuvant therapy to support chemo/immuno/radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Badgeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paige Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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22
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Atanasov AG, Souto EB, Novellino E, Capasso R, Santini A. An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2285. [PMID: 32225036 PMCID: PMC7177810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran, 48181 68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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23
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Seesaha PK, Chen X, Wu X, Xu H, Li C, Jheengut Y, Zhao F, Liu L, Zhang D. The interplay between dietary factors, gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a new era of colorectal cancer prevention. Future Oncol 2020; 16:293-306. [PMID: 32067473 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and its incidence is on the rise. Dietary intervention has emerged as an attractive strategy to curtail its occurrence and progression. Diet is known to influence the gut microbiome, as dietary factors and gut bacteria can act in concert to cause or protect from colorectal cancer. Several studies have presented evidence for such interactions and have pointed out the different ways by which the diet and gut microbiome can be altered to produce beneficial effects. This review article aims to summarize the interrelationship between diet, gut flora and colorectal cancer so that a better preventive approach can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshita Kumari Seesaha
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing 400042, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yogesh Jheengut
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
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The Role of Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer Management. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3535982. [PMID: 32148539 PMCID: PMC7048916 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3535982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancerous diseases worldwide and causes leading cancer-associated deaths. Several factors are related to the incidence of CRC such as unhealthy diet and lifestyle, heredity, metabolic disorders, and genetic factors. Even though several advanced medical procedures are available for CRC treatment, the survival rates are poor with many adverse treatments associated side effects, which affects the quality of life. Probiotics are a well-known bioactive candidate for the treatment of several diseases and ill-health conditions. The recent scientific evidence suggested that probiotic supplementation protects the CRC patients from treatment-associated adverse effects. The manuscript summarizes the influence of probiotic supplementation on the health status of CRC patients and discusses the possible mechanism behind the protective effect of probiotics against CRC. The literature survey revealed that beneficial impact of probiotic supplementation depends on several factors such as strain, dosage, duration of the intervention, host physiology, and other food supplements. The probiotic intervention improves the microbiota, releases antimicrobials and anticarcinogenic agents, helps to remove carcinogens, and improves the intestinal permeability, tight junction function, and enzyme activity in CRC patients. Besides, not all probiotic strains exhibit anti-CRC activities; it is necessary to screen the potent strain for the development of a probiotic-based therapeutic agent to control or prevent the incidence of CRC.
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Lee CW, Chen HJ, Chien YH, Hsia SM, Chen JH, Shih CK. Synbiotic Combination of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010103. [PMID: 31905929 PMCID: PMC7019357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-2736-1661 (ext. 6569)
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Settanni CR, Quaranta G, Bibbò S, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Oral supplementation with lactobacilli to prevent colorectal cancer in preclinical models. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 66:48-69. [PMID: 31760735 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a major threat for public health, as it is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women and it ranks second among tumors in terms of mortality. Evidence from the last decades emphasizes the complex role of gut microbial composition in CRC development. Historically, it is believed that dairy products, a source of lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria, are beneficial for human health and help in preventing CRC. We searched online literature for trials evaluating the preventive role of lactobacilli in CRC animal models. Most of selected studied assessed a relevant role of lactobacilli in preventing CRC and precursor lesions. Mechanisms through which this effect was achieved are supposed to regard immunomodulation, regulation of apoptosis, gut microbial modulation, genes expression, reduction of oxidative stress and others. Lactobacilli oral supplementation is reported to be effective in preventing CRC in animal models, even if the underlying mechanisms of action are still not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo R Settanni
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Institute of Microbiology, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
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Li SC, Lin HP, Chang JS, Shih CK. Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Preneoplastic Lesions of the Colon in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2718. [PMID: 31717536 PMCID: PMC6893647 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer associated with chronic inflammation. Whole grains and probiotics play a protective role against CRC. Fermented grains are receiving increased attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Our previous study found that a combination of germinated brown rice (GBR) with probiotics suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. However, the cancer-preventive effect of probiotic-fermented GBR has not been reported. This study investigated the preventive effect and possible mechanism of GBR fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (FGBR) on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as decreased pro-apoptotic Bax expression. GBR and FGBR reduced the primary ACF number and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. GBR and FGBR at the 2.5% level increased pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and decreased anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. FGBR at the 2.5% level further reduced the number of sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF) and increased Bax expression. These results suggest that FGBR may inhibit preneoplastic lesions of the colon via activating the apoptotic pathway. This fermented rice product may have the potential to be developed as a novel dietary supplement for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Han-Pei Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Saleh ASM, Wang P, Wang N, Yang L, Xiao Z. Brown Rice Versus White Rice: Nutritional Quality, Potential Health Benefits, Development of Food Products, and Preservation Technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1070-1096. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. M. Saleh
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureAssiut Univ. Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
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Chang CY, Pan TM. Identification of bioactive compounds in Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented reconstituted skimmed milk and their anti-cancer effect in combination with 5-fluorouracil on colorectal cancer cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:7634-7644. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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