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Ebrahimizadeh W, Guérard KP, Rouzbeh S, Bramhecha YM, Scarlata E, Brimo F, Patel PG, Jamaspishvili T, Aprikian AG, Berman D, Bartlett JMS, Chevalier S, Lapointe J. Design and Development of a Fully Synthetic Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification-Based Probe Mix for Detection of Copy Number Alterations in Prostate Cancer Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1246-1263. [PMID: 32763409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) are promising biomarkers to predict prostate cancer (PCa) outcome. However, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cannot assess complex CNA signatures because of low multiplexing capabilities. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) can detect multiple CNAs in a single PCR assay, but PCa-specific probe mixes available commercially are lacking. Synthetic MLPA probes were designed to target 10 CNAs relevant to PCa: 5q15-21.1 (CHD1), 6q15 (MAP3K7), 8p21.2 (NKX3-1), 8q24.21 (MYC), 10q23.31 (PTEN), 12p13.1 (CDKN1B), 13q14.2 (RB1), 16p13.3 (PDPK1), 16q23.1 (GABARAPL2), and 17p13.1 (TP53), with 9 control probes. In cell lines, CNAs were detected when the cancer genome was as low as 30%. Compared with FISH in radical prostatectomy formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples (n = 18: 15 cancers and 3 matched benign), the MLPA assay showed median sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 93%, respectively, across all CNAs assessed. In the validation set (n = 40: 20 tumors sampled in two areas), the respective sensitivity and specificity of MLPA compared advantageously with FISH and TaqMan droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) when assessing PTEN deletion (FISH: 85% and 100%; ddPCR: 100% and 83%) and PDPK1 gain (FISH: 100% and 92%; ddPCR: 93% and 100%). This new PCa probe mix accurately identifies CNAs by MLPA across multiple genes using low quality and quantities (50 ng) of DNA extracted from clinical formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walead Ebrahimizadeh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karl-Philippe Guérard
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Rouzbeh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yogesh M Bramhecha
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Palak G Patel
- Department of Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Armen G Aprikian
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Berman
- Department of Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Lapointe
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Validation of a 10-gene molecular signature for predicting biochemical recurrence and clinical metastasis in localized prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:883-891. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Zhou CK, Young D, Yeboah ED, Coburn SB, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Niwa S, Truelove A, Welsh J, Mensah JE, Hoover RN, Sesterhenn IA, Hsing AW, Srivastava S, Cook MB. TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer of West African Men and a Meta-Analysis of Racial Differences. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1352-1361. [PMID: 28633309 PMCID: PMC5860576 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fusions of the transmembrane protease, serine 2, gene (TMPRSS2) with the erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG), or TMPRSS2:ERG, in prostate cancer varies by race. However, such somatic aberration and its association with prognostic factors have neither been studied in a West African population nor been systematically reviewed in the context of racial differences. We used immunohistochemistry to assess oncoprotein encoded by the ERG gene as the established surrogate of ERG fusion genes among 262 prostate cancer biopsies from the Ghana Prostate Study (2004-2006). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals of ERG expression in relation to patient characteristics. We found that 47 of 262 (18%) prostate cancers were ERG-positive, and being negative for ERG staining was associated with higher Gleason score. We further conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in relation to race, Gleason score, and tumor stage, combining results from Ghana with 40 additional studies. Meta-analysis showed the prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in prostate cancer to be highest in men of European descent (49%), followed by men of Asian (27%) and then African (25%) descent. The lower prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in men of African descent implies that alternative genomic mechanisms might explain the disproportionately high prostate cancer burden in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Sally B Coburn
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yao Tettey
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Evelyn Tay
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isabell A Sesterhenn
- Genitourinary Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Department of Defense, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael B Cook
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Silva MP, Barros-Silva JD, Ersvær E, Kildal W, Hveem TS, Pradhan M, Vieira J, Teixeira MR, Danielsen HE. Cancer Prognosis Defined by the Combined Analysis of 8q, PTEN and ERG. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:575-582. [PMID: 27916292 PMCID: PMC5143339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overtreatment is a major concern in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined prognostic role of three frequent molecular alterations in prostate cancer, namely relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression, in a series of 136 patients with prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy and with a long follow-up. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect the relative copy number of 8q and immunohistochemistry was used for quantitative assessment of ERG and PTEN expression. During a median follow-up period of 117.8 months, 66 (49%) patients had disease recurrence. Relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression were observed in 18%, 56%, and 33% of the cases, respectively. No association with patient recurrence-free survival was found for relative 8q gain or ERG overexpression on their own, whereas loss of PTEN expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (P=.006). Interestingly, in the subgroup of patients with normal PTEN expression, we found that the combined relative 8q gain/ERG overexpression is associated with high risk of recurrence (P=.008), suggesting that alternative mechanisms exist for progression into clinically aggressive disease. Additionally, in intermediate-risk patients with normal PTEN expression in their tumors, the combination of 8q gain/ERG overexpression was associated with a poor recurrence-free survival (P<.001), thus indicating independent prognostic value. This study shows that the combined analysis of 8q, ERG and PTEN contributes to an improved clinical outcome stratification of prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Elin Ersvær
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tarjei Sveinsgjerd Hveem
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manohar Pradhan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Håvard E Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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5
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Silva MP, Barros-Silva JD, Vieira J, Lisboa S, Torres L, Correia C, Vieira-Coimbra M, Martins AT, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Paulo P, Teixeira MR. NCOA2 is a candidate target gene of 8q gain associated with clinically aggressive prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:365-74. [PMID: 26799514 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinomas harboring 8q gains are associated with poor clinical outcome, but the target genes of this genomic alteration remain to be unveiled. In this study, we aimed to identify potential 8q target genes associated with clinically aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genome-wide mRNA expression, and protein expression analyses. Using FISH, we first characterized the relative copy number of 8q (assessed with MYC flanking probes) of a series of 50 radical prostatectomy specimens, with available global gene expression data and typed for E26 transformation specific (ETS) rearrangements, and then compared the gene expression profile of PCa subsets with and without 8q24 gain using Significance Analysis of Microarrays. In the subset of tumors with ERG fusion genes (ERG+), five genes were identified as significantly overexpressed (false discovery rate [FDR], ≤ 5%) in tumors with relative 8q24 gain, namely VN1R1, ZNF417, CDON, IKZF2, and NCOA2. Of these, only NCOA2 is located in 8q (8q13.3), showing a statistically higher mRNA expression in the subgroup with relative 8q gain, both in the ERG+ subgroup and in the whole series (P = 0.000152 and P = 0.008, respectively). Combining all the cases with NCOA2 overexpression, either at the mRNA or at the protein level, we identified a group of tumors with NCOA2 copy-number increase, independently of ETS status and relative 8q24 gain. Furthermore, for the first time, we detected a structural rearrangement involving NCOA2 in PCa. These findings warrant further studies with larger series to evaluate if NCOA2 relative copy-number gain presents prognostic value independently of the well-established poor prognosis associated with MYC relative copy-number gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Lisboa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Torres
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília Correia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Vieira-Coimbra
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Martins
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Mesquita D, Barros-Silva JD, Santos J, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Paulo P, Teixeira MR. Specific and redundant activities of ETV1 and ETV4 in prostate cancer aggressiveness revealed by co-overexpression cellular contexts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5217-36. [PMID: 25595908 PMCID: PMC4467144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements involving ETS transcription factors are found in 50–70% of prostate carcinomas. While the large majority of the rearrangements involve ERG, around 10% involve members of the PEA3 subfamily (ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5). Using a panel of prostate cancer cell lines we found co-overexpression of ETV1 and ETV4 in two cell line models of advanced prostate cancer (MDA-PCa-2b and PC3) and questioned whether these PEA3 family members would cooperate in the acquisition of oncogenic properties or show functional redundancy. Using shRNAs we found that ETV1 and ETV4 have partially overlapping functions, with ETV1 being more relevant for cell invasion and ETV4 for anchorage-independent growth. In vitro expression signatures revealed the regulation of both specific and shared candidate targets that may resemble cellular mechanisms in vivo by interaction with the same intermediate partners. By combining the phenotypic impact data and the gene expression profiles of in vitro models with clinico-pathological features and gene expression profiles of ETS-subtyped tumors, we identified a set of eight genes associated with advanced stage and a set of three genes associated with higher Gleason score, supporting an oncogenic role of ETV1 and ETV4 overexpression and revealing gene sets that may be useful as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mesquita
- Department of Genetics and Cancer Genetics Group - CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Cancer Genetics Group - CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Genetics and Cancer Genetics Group - CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics and Cancer Genetics Group - CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics and Cancer Genetics Group - CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
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7
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Moses KA, Master VA, Underwood W. Race, Ethnicity, Marital Status, Literacy, and Prostate Cancer Outcomes in the United States. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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Hubbard GK, Mutton LN, Khalili M, McMullin RP, Hicks JL, Bianchi-Frias D, Horn LA, Kulac I, Moubarek MS, Nelson PS, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Bieberich CJ. Combined MYC Activation and Pten Loss Are Sufficient to Create Genomic Instability and Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 76:283-92. [PMID: 26554830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic instability, a hallmark feature of human cancers including prostatic adenocarcinomas, is considered a driver of metastasis. Somatic copy number alterations (CNA) are found in most aggressive primary human prostate cancers, and the overall number of such changes is increased in metastases. Chromosome 10q23 deletions, encompassing PTEN, and amplification of 8q24, harboring MYC, are frequently observed, and the presence of both together portends a high risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. In extant genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer models (GEMM), isolated MYC overexpression or targeted Pten loss can each produce early prostate adenocarcinomas, but are not sufficient to induce genetic instability or metastases with high penetrance. Although a previous study showed that combining Pten loss with focal MYC overexpression in a small fraction of prostatic epithelial cells exhibits cooperativity in GEMMs, additional targeted Tp53 disruption was required for formation of metastases. We hypothesized that driving combined MYC overexpression and Pten loss using recently characterized Hoxb13 transcriptional control elements that are active in prostate luminal epithelial cells would induce the development of genomic instability and aggressive disease with metastatic potential. Neoplastic lesions that developed with either MYC activation alone (Hoxb13-MYC) or Pten loss alone (Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl)) failed to progress beyond prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and did not harbor genomic CNAs. By contrast, mice with both alterations (Hoxb13-MYC∣Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl), hereafter, BMPC mice) developed lethal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases and widespread genome CNAs that were independent of forced disruption of Tp53 and telomere shortening. BMPC cancers lacked neuroendocrine or sarcomatoid differentiation, features uncommon in human disease but common in other models of prostate cancer that metastasize. These data show that combined MYC activation and Pten loss driven by the Hoxb13 regulatory locus synergize to induce genomic instability and aggressive prostate cancer that phenocopies the human disease at the histologic and genomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen K Hubbard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura N Mutton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - May Khalili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan P McMullin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S Moubarek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles J Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.
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9
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Abstract
Domestic dogs are unique from other animal models of cancer in that they generally experience spontaneous disease. In addition, most types of cancer observed in humans are found in dogs, suggesting that canines may be an informative system for the study of cancer genetics. Domestic dogs are divided into over 175 breeds, with members of each breed sharing significant phenotypes. The breed barrier enhances the utility of the model, especially for genetic studies where small numbers of genes are hypothesized to account for the breed cancer susceptibility. These facts, combined with recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies allows for an unrivaled ability to use pet dog populations to find often subtle mutations that promote cancer susceptibility and progression in dogs as a whole. The meticulous record keeping associated with dog breeding makes the model still more powerful, as it facilitates both association analysis and family-based linkage studies. Key to the success of these studies is their cooperative nature, with owners, scientists, veterinarians and breed clubs working together to avoid the cost and unpopularity of developing captive populations. In this article we explore these principals and advocate for colony-free, genetic studies that will enhance our ability to diagnose and treat cancer in dogs and humans alike.
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10
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Prognostic histopathological and molecular markers on prostate cancer needle-biopsies: a review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:341324. [PMID: 25243131 PMCID: PMC4163394 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is diverse in clinical presentation, histopathological tumor growth patterns, and survival. Therefore, individual assessment of a tumor's aggressive potential is crucial for clinical decision-making in men with prostate cancer. To date a large number of prognostic markers for prostate cancer have been described, most of them based on radical prostatectomy specimens. However, in order to affect clinical decision-making, validation of respective markers in pretreatment diagnostic needle-biopsies is essential. Here, we discuss established and promising histopathological and molecular parameters in diagnostic needle-biopsies.
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11
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Patel HRH, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Biomarkers and personalized risk stratification for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1349-58. [PMID: 25148431 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia among men in developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. PCa is a very heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. Currently, it is difficult to stratify patients into risk groups that entail different disease management. Therefore, a personalized view of this disease is mandatory, through the development of new and more accurate biomarkers that may help clinicians to stratify patients according to threat that PCa poses for each patient. Hence, this review focuses on recent developments of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers for PCa risk stratification that might enable a personalized approach to PCa patients. However, despite the increasing amount of available data, there is also an urgent need to translate the most promising biomarkers for clinical use through large multicenter validation trials. Ultimately, these will contribute for an improved clinical management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Building, 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Xu B, Chevarie-Davis M, Chevalier S, Scarlata E, Zeizafoun N, Dragomir A, Tanguay S, Kassouf W, Aprikian A, Brimo F. The prognostic role of ERG immunopositivity in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma: a study including 454 cases and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:488-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Van der Kwast TH. Prognostic prostate tissue biomarkers of potential clinical use. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:293-300. [PMID: 24487790 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In prostate biopsies and in prostatectomy specimens, the Gleason score remains the strongest prognosticator of prostate cancer progression, in addition to serum PSA level and DRE findings, in spite of numerous potential biomarkers discovered during the last few decades. Inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity may have limited the employment of tissue biomarkers on prostate biopsies. Nevertheless, the monoclonality of morphologically heterogeneous (Gleason score 7) tumour foci would suggest that genetic biomarkers, arising early in prostate carcinogenesis, may overcome issues related to intratumoural heterogeneity. In spite of the above limitations, a few biomarkers including the proliferation marker Ki-67 and genetic markers such as c-MYC and PTEN have consistently shown their independent prognostic impact both for biochemical recurrence and for clinical outcome parameters such as metastatic disease or prostate-specific mortality. The routine application of biomarkers requiring immunostaining (e.g. Ki-67) has particularly been hindered by the lack of standardized protocols for processing and scoring, while the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology is considered more labour intensive but better standardized. Future steps to enhance the uptake of prostate tissue biomarkers should be focused on prospective studies, particularly on prostate biopsy specimens, using protocols that are highly standardized for the processing and scoring of the biomarkers. A few recently developed RNA-based test signatures may provide an alternative to FISH or immunohistochemistry-based tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodorus H Van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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14
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Novel 5' fusion partners of ETV1 and ETV4 in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2014; 15:720-6. [PMID: 23814484 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions involving the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors ERG, ETV1, ETV4, ETV5, and FLI1 are a common feature of prostate carcinomas (PCas). The most common upstream fusion partner described is the androgen-regulated prostate-specific gene TMPRSS2, most frequently with ERG, but additional 5' fusion partners have been described. We performed 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends in 18 PCas with ETV1, ETV4, or ETV5 outlier expression to identify the 5' fusion partners. We also evaluated the exon-level expression profile of these ETS genes in 14 cases. We identified and confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction the two novel chimeric genes OR51E2-ETV1 and UBTF-ETV4 in two PCas. OR51E2 encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in PCas, whereas UBTF is a ubiquitously expressed gene encoding an HMG-box DNA-binding protein involved in ribosome biogenesis. We additionally describe two novel gene fusion combinations of previously described genes, namely, SLC45A3-ETV4 and HERVK17-ETV4. Finally, we found one PCa with TMPRSS2-ETV1, one with C15orf21-ETV1, one with EST14-ETV1, and two with 14q133-q21.1-ETV1. In nine PCas (eight ETV1 and one ETV5), exhibiting ETS outlier expression and genomic rearrangement detected by FISH, no 5' fusion partner was found. Our findings contribute significantly to characterize the heterogeneous group of ETS gene fusions and indicate that all genes described as 5' fusion partners with one ETS gene can most likely be rearranged with any of the other ETS genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis.
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15
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Patrício P, Ramalho-Carvalho J, Costa-Pinheiro P, Almeida M, Barros-Silva JD, Vieira J, Dias PC, Lobo F, Oliveira J, Teixeira MR, Henrique R, Jeronimo C. Deregulation of PAX2 expression in renal cell tumours: mechanisms and potential use in differential diagnosis. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1048-58. [PMID: 23890189 PMCID: PMC3780547 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of PAX2 (Paired-box 2) is suppressed through promoter methylation at the later stages of embryonic development, but eventually reactivated during carcinogenesis. Pax-2 is commonly expressed in the most prevalent renal cell tumour (RCT) subtypes—clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC) and oncocytoma—but not in chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), which frequently displays chromosome 10 loss (to which PAX2 is mapped). Herein, we assessed the epigenetic and/or genetic alterations affecting PAX2 expression in RCTs and evaluated its potential as biomarker. We tested 120 RCTs (30 of each main subtype) and four normal kidney tissues. Pax-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and PAX2 mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. PAX2 promoter methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Chromosome 10 and PAX2 copy number alterations were determined by FISH. Pax-2 immunoexpression was significantly lower in chrRCC compared to other RCT subtypes. Using a 10% immunoexpression cut-off, Pax-2 immunoreactivity discriminated chrRCC from oncocytoma with 67% sensitivity and 90% specificity. PAX2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in chrRCC, compared to ccRCC, pRCC and oncocytoma, and transcript levels correlated with immunoexpression. Whereas no promoter methylation was found in RCTs or normal kidney, 69% of chrRCC displayed chromosome 10 monosomy, correlating with Pax-2 immunoexpression. We concluded that Pax-2 expression might be used as an ancillary tool to discriminate chrRCC from oncocytomas with overlapping morphological features. The biological rationale lies on the causal relation between Pax-2 expression and chromosome 10 monosomy, but not PAX2 promoter methylation, in chrRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Patrício
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Ramalho-Carvalho J, Pires M, Lisboa S, Graça I, Rocha P, Barros-Silva JD, Savva-Bordalo J, Maurício J, Resende M, Teixeira MR, Honavar M, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Altered expression of MGMT in high-grade gliomas results from the combined effect of epigenetic and genetic aberrations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58206. [PMID: 23505468 PMCID: PMC3594314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MGMT downregulation in high-grade gliomas (HGG) has been mostly attributed to aberrant promoter methylation and is associated with increased sensitivity to alkylating agent-based chemotherapy. However, HGG harboring 10q deletions also benefit from treatment with alkylating agents. Because the MGMT gene is mapped at 10q26, we hypothesized that both epigenetic and genetic alterations might affect its expression and predict response to chemotherapy. To test this hypothesis, promoter methylation and mRNA levels of MGMT were determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) or methylation-specific multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, in a retrospective series of 61 HGG. MGMT/chromosome 10 copy number variations were determined by FISH or MS-MLPA analysis. Molecular findings were correlated with clinical parameters to assess their predictive value. Overall, MGMT methylation ratios assessed by qMSP and MS-MLPA were inversely correlated with mRNA expression levels (best coefficient value obtained with MS-MLPA). By FISH analysis in 68.3% of the cases there was loss of 10q26.1 and in 15% of the cases polysomy was demonstrated; the latter displayed the highest levels of transcript. When genetic and epigenetic data were combined, cases with MGMT promoter methylation and MGMT loss depicted the lowest transcript levels, although an impact in response to alkylating agent chemotherapy was not apparent. Cooperation between epigenetic (promoter methylation) and genetic (monosomy, locus deletion) changes affecting MGMT in HGG is required for effective MGMT silencing. Hence, evaluation of copy number alterations might add relevant prognostic and predictive information concerning response to alkylating agent-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ramalho-Carvalho
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Malini Pires
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Lisboa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Graça
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Diogo Barros-Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Savva-Bordalo
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Resende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos - Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Pathology, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos - Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Pettersson A, Graff RE, Bauer SR, Pitt MJ, Lis RT, Stack EC, Martin NE, Kunz L, Penney KL, Ligon AH, Suppan C, Flavin R, Sesso HD, Rider JR, Sweeney C, Stampfer MJ, Fiorentino M, Kantoff PW, Sanda MG, Giovannucci EL, Ding EL, Loda M, Mucci LA. The TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement, ERG expression, and prostate cancer outcomes: a cohort study and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1497-509. [PMID: 22736790 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the genomic rearrangement transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2):v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) has prognostic value in prostate cancer is unclear. METHODS Among men with prostate cancer in the prospective Physicians' Health and Health Professionals Follow-Up Studies, we identified rearrangement status by immunohistochemical assessment of ERG protein expression. We used Cox models to examine associations of ERG overexpression with biochemical recurrence and lethal disease (distant metastases or cancer-specific mortality). In a meta-analysis including 47 additional studies, we used random-effects models to estimate associations between rearrangement status and outcomes. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 1,180 men treated with radical prostatectomy between 1983 and 2005. During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 266 men experienced recurrence and 85 men developed lethal disease. We found no significant association between ERG overexpression and biochemical recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78-1.26] or lethal disease (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.61-1.43). The meta-analysis of prostatectomy series included 5,074 men followed for biochemical recurrence (1,623 events), and 2,049 men followed for lethal disease (131 events). TMPRSS2:ERG was associated with stage at diagnosis [risk ratio (RR)(≥T3 vs. T2), 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16-1.30) but not with biochemical recurrence (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86-1.17) or lethal disease (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47-2.09). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG, or ERG overexpression, is associated with tumor stage but does not strongly predict recurrence or mortality among men treated with radical prostatectomy. IMPACT This is the largest prospective cohort study to examine associations of ERG overexpression and lethal prostate cancer among men treated with radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pettersson
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Suzuki M. Editorial Comment to Active surveillance criteria for prostate cancer: Can they be applied to Japanese patients? Int J Urol 2012; 19:167-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paulo P, Barros-Silva JD, Ribeiro FR, Ramalho-Carvalho J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Teixeira MR. FLI1 is a novel ETS transcription factor involved in gene fusions in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:240-9. [PMID: 22081504 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the pattern of ETS rearrangements and to uncover novel ETS fusion genes, we analyzed 200 prostate carcinomas (PCa) with TaqMan low-density arrays (TLDAs), followed by selective analyses with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RT-PCR, and sequencing. Besides confirming the recurrent presence of ERG, ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 rearrangements, we here report FLI1 as the fifth ETS transcription factor involved in fusion genes in prostate cancer. Outlier expression of the FLI1 gene was detected by TLDAs in one PCa that showed relative overexpression of FLI1 exons 4:5 as compared with FLI1 exons 2:3. A structural rearrangement was found using FISH probes flanking the FLI1 gene and RT-PCR and sequencing analyses showed fusion of SLC45A3 exon 1 with FLI1 exon 3. Interestingly, we found four cases with two different ETS rearrangements in the index tumor, thus revealing intratumor genetic heterogeneity. Correlation analysis with clinico-pathological data showed association of ERG rearrangements with locally advanced disease (pT3, P = 0.007) and MYC overexpression (P = 0.001), and association of ETV1 rearrangements with PTEN downregulation (P = 0.015). We report that FLI1 is a novel ETS transcription factor involved in gene fusions in prostate cancer and that intratumor genetic heterogeneity of ETS rearrangements can occasionally be found in index primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Ribeiro FR, Paulo P, Costa VL, Barros-Silva JD, Ramalho-Carvalho J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Teixeira MR. Cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP3) is strongly up-regulated in prostate carcinomas with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22317. [PMID: 21814574 PMCID: PMC3141037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A large percentage of prostate cancers harbor TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions, leading to aberrant overexpression of the transcription factor ERG. The target genes deregulated by this rearrangement, however, remain mostly unknown. To address this subject we performed genome-wide mRNA expression analysis on 6 non-malignant prostate samples and 24 prostate carcinomas with (n = 16) and without (n = 8) TMPRSS2-ERG fusion as determined by FISH. The top-most differentially expressed genes and their associations with ERG over-expression were technically validated by quantitative real-time PCR and biologically validated in an independent series of 200 prostate carcinomas. Several genes encoding metabolic enzymes or extracellular/transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion, matrix remodeling and signal transduction pathways were found to be co-expressed with ERG. Within those significantly over-expressed in fusion-positive carcinomas, CRISP3 showed more than a 50-fold increase when compared to fusion-negative carcinomas, whose expression levels were in turn similar to that of non-malignant samples. In the independent validation series, ERG and CRISP3 mRNA levels were strongly correlated (rs = 0.65, p<0.001) and both were associated with pT3 disease staging. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results showed CRISP3 protein overexpression in 63% of the carcinomas and chromatin immunoprecipitation with an anti-ERG antibody showed that CRISP3 is a direct target of the transcription factor ERG. We conclude that ERG rearrangement is associated with significant expression alterations in genes involved in critical cellular pathways that define a subset of locally advanced PCa. In particular, we show that CRISP3 is a direct target of ERG that is strongly overexpressed in PCa with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franclim R. Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera L. Costa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - João D. Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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