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Guerreiro Fernandes F, Raemaekers M, Freudenburg Z, Ramsey N. Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:036005. [PMID: 38648782 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to reinstate lost communication faculties. Results from speech decoding studies indicate that a usable speech BCI based on activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) can be achieved using subdurally implanted electrodes. However, the optimal characteristics for a successful speech implant are largely unknown. We address this topic in a high field blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, by assessing the decodability of spoken words as a function of hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal-axis.Approach.Twelve subjects conducted a 7T fMRI experiment in which they pronounced 6 different pseudo-words over 6 runs. We divided the SMC by hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal axis. Classification was performed on in these SMC areas using multiclass support vector machine (SVM).Main results.Significant classification was possible from the SMC, but no preference for the left or right hemisphere, nor for the precentral or postcentral gyrus for optimal word classification was detected. Classification while using information from the cortical surface was slightly better than when using information from deep in the central sulcus and was highest within the ventral 50% of SMC. Confusion matrices where highly similar across the entire SMC. An SVM-searchlight analysis revealed significant classification in the superior temporal gyrus and left planum temporale in addition to the SMC.Significance.The current results support a unilateral implant using surface electrodes, covering the ventral 50% of the SMC. The added value of depth electrodes is unclear. We did not observe evidence for variations in the qualitative nature of information across SMC. The current results need to be confirmed in paralyzed patients performing attempted speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerreiro Fernandes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Raemaekers
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Freudenburg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Ramsey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sun C, Zhang J, Bu L, Lu J, Yao Y, Wu J. A speech fluency brain network derived from gliomas. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae153. [PMID: 38756538 PMCID: PMC11098038 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain network of speech fluency has not yet been investigated via a study with a large and homogenous sample. This study analysed multimodal imaging data from 115 patients with low-grade glioma to explore the brain network of speech fluency. We applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to identify domain-specific regions and white matter pathways associated with speech fluency. Direct cortical stimulation validated the domain-specific regions intra-operatively. We then performed connectivity-behaviour analysis with the aim of identifying connections that significantly correlated with speech fluency. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis showed that damage to domain-specific regions (the middle frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus and the insula) and white matter pathways (corticospinal fasciculus, internal capsule, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, frontal aslant tract) are associated with reduced speech fluency. Furthermore, we identified connections emanating from these domain-specific regions that exhibited significant correlations with speech fluency. These findings illuminate the interaction between domain-specific regions and 17 domain-general regions-encompassing the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and rolandic operculum, superior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, inferior temporal pole, middle cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, as well as subcortical structures such as thalamus-implicating their collective role in supporting fluent speech. Our detailed mapping of the speech fluency network offers a strategic foundation for clinicians to safeguard language function during the surgical intervention for brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cechen Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linghao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
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Vitória MA, Fernandes FG, van den Boom M, Ramsey N, Raemaekers M. Decoding Single and Paired Phonemes Using 7T Functional MRI. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01034-6. [PMID: 38261272 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that mouth movements related to the pronunciation of individual phonemes are represented in the sensorimotor cortex. This would theoretically allow for brain computer interfaces that are capable of decoding continuous speech by training classifiers based on the activity in the sensorimotor cortex related to the production of individual phonemes. To address this, we investigated the decodability of trials with individual and paired phonemes (pronounced consecutively with one second interval) using activity in the sensorimotor cortex. Fifteen participants pronounced 3 different phonemes and 3 combinations of two of the same phonemes in a 7T functional MRI experiment. We confirmed that support vector machine (SVM) classification of single and paired phonemes was possible. Importantly, by combining classifiers trained on single phonemes, we were able to classify paired phonemes with an accuracy of 53% (33% chance level), demonstrating that activity of isolated phonemes is present and distinguishable in combined phonemes. A SVM searchlight analysis showed that the phoneme representations are widely distributed in the ventral sensorimotor cortex. These findings provide insights about the neural representations of single and paired phonemes. Furthermore, it supports the notion that speech BCI may be feasible based on machine learning algorithms trained on individual phonemes using intracranial electrode grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Araújo Vitória
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Guerreiro Fernandes
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max van den Boom
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nick Ramsey
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Raemaekers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Meier A, Kuzdeba S, Jackson L, Daliri A, Tourville JA, Guenther FH, Greenlee JDW. Lateralization and Time-Course of Cortical Phonological Representations during Syllable Production. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0474-22.2023. [PMID: 37739786 PMCID: PMC10561542 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0474-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spoken language contains information at a broad range of timescales, from phonetic distinctions on the order of milliseconds to semantic contexts which shift over seconds to minutes. It is not well understood how the brain's speech production systems combine features at these timescales into a coherent vocal output. We investigated the spatial and temporal representations in cerebral cortex of three phonological units with different durations: consonants, vowels, and syllables. Electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings were obtained from five participants while speaking single syllables. We developed a novel clustering and Kalman filter-based trend analysis procedure to sort electrodes into temporal response profiles. A linear discriminant classifier was used to determine how strongly each electrode's response encoded phonological features. We found distinct time-courses of encoding phonological units depending on their duration: consonants were represented more during speech preparation, vowels were represented evenly throughout trials, and syllables during production. Locations of strongly speech-encoding electrodes (the top 30% of electrodes) likewise depended on phonological element duration, with consonant-encoding electrodes left-lateralized, vowel-encoding hemispherically balanced, and syllable-encoding right-lateralized. The lateralization of speech-encoding electrodes depended on onset time, with electrodes active before or after speech production favoring left hemisphere and those active during speech favoring the right. Single-electrode speech classification revealed cortical areas with preferential encoding of particular phonemic elements, including consonant encoding in the left precentral and postcentral gyri and syllable encoding in the right middle frontal gyrus. Our findings support neurolinguistic theories of left hemisphere specialization for processing short-timescale linguistic units and right hemisphere processing of longer-duration units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Meier
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Scott Kuzdeba
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Liam Jackson
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ayoub Daliri
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85004
| | - Jason A Tourville
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Frank H Guenther
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02215
| | - Jeremy D W Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Wang B, Sun H, Pan X, Ma W, Dong L, Wang Q, Meng P. The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the unilateral cerebellar hemisphere on swallowing-related brain regions in healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1100320. [PMID: 37063103 PMCID: PMC10097892 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swallowing-related brain regions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in healthy subjects who underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on dominant or non-dominant cerebellar hemispheres.MethodsThirty-nine healthy subjects were randomized into three groups that completed different iTBS protocols (dominant cerebellum group, non-dominant cerebellum group and sham group). Before iTBS, the resting motor threshold (rMT) was measured by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) on the cerebellar representation of the suprahyoid muscles, and the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing was determined. Forty-eight hours after elution, iTBS protocols were completed: in the dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere was given sham stimulation; in the non-dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and sham stimulation was delivered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere; in the sham group, sham stimulation was applied to the cerebellum bilaterally. Rs-fMRI was performed before and after iTBS stimulation to observe changes in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the whole brain.ResultsCompared with baseline, the dominant cerebellum group showed increased fALFF in the ipsilateral cerebellum, and decreased fALFF in the ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus and contralateral precuneus after iTBS; the iTBS of the non-dominant cerebellum group induced increased fALFF in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus, the calcarine fissure and the surrounding cortex, and the contralateral inferior parietal lobule; and in the sham group, there was no significant difference in fALFF. Exploring the effects induced by iTBS among groups, the dominant cerebellum group showed decreased fALFF in the contralateral calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex compared with the sham group.ConclusionIntermittent theta burst stimulation of the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing excited the ipsilateral cerebellum, and stimulation of the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere increased the spontaneous neural activity of multiple cerebrocortical areas related to swallowing. In conclusion, regardless of which side of the cerebellum is stimulated, iTBS can facilitate part of the brain neural network related to swallowing. Our findings provide supporting evidence that cerebellar iTBS can be used as a potential method to modulate human swallowing movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshuai Ma
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linghui Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
| | - Pingping Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Pingping Meng,
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Guo Z, Chen F. Impacts of simplifying articulation movements imagery to speech imagery BCI performance. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36630714 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Speech imagery (SI) can be used as a reliable, natural, and user-friendly activation task for the development of brain-computer interface (BCI), which empowers individuals with severe disabilities to interact with their environment. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is advanced as one of the most suitable brain imaging methods for developing BCI systems owing to its advantages of being non-invasive, portable, insensitive to motion artifacts, and having relatively high spatial resolution.Approach.To improve the classification performance of SI BCI based on fNIRS, a novel paradigm was developed in this work by simplifying the articulation movements in SI to make the articulation movement differences clearer between different words imagery tasks. A SI BCI was proposed to directly answer questions by covertly rehearsing the word '' or '' ('yes' or 'no' in English), and an unconstrained rest task also was contained in this BCI. The articulation movements of SI were simplified by retaining only the movements of the jaw and lips of vowels in Chinese Pinyin for words '' and ''.Main results.Compared with conventional speech imagery, simplifying the articulation movements in SI could generate more different brain activities among different tasks, which led to more differentiable temporal features and significantly higher classification performance. The average 3-class classification accuracies of the proposed paradigm across all 20 participants reached 69.6% and 60.2% which were about 10.8% and 5.6% significantly higher than those of the conventional SI paradigm operated in the 0-10 s and 0-2.5 s time windows, respectively.Significance.These results suggested that simplifying the articulation movements in SI is promising for improving the classification performance of intuitive BCIs based on speech imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhi Guo
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Qin Y, Tang Y, Liu X, Qiu S. Neural basis of dysphagia in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1077234. [PMID: 36742358 PMCID: PMC9896523 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1077234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dysphagia is a major cause of stroke infection and death, and identification of structural and functional brain area changes associated with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) can help in early screening and clinical intervention. Studies on PSD have reported numerous structural lesions and functional abnormalities in brain regions, and a systematic review is lacking. We aimed to integrate several neuroimaging studies to summarize the empirical evidence of neurological changes leading to PSD. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies that used structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging approaches to explore structural and functional brain regions associated with swallowing after stroke, with additional evidence using a live activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Results A total of 35 studies were included, including 20 studies with structural neuroimaging analysis, 14 studies with functional neuroimaging analysis and one study reporting results for both. The overall results suggest that structural lesions and functional abnormalities in the sensorimotor cortex, insula, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and associated white matter connections in individuals with stroke may contribute to dysphagia, and the ALE analysis provides additional evidence for structural lesions in the right lentiform nucleus and right thalamus and functional abnormalities in the left thalamus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PSD is associated with neurological changes in brain regions such as sensorimotor cortex, insula, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and associated white matter connections. Adequate understanding of the mechanisms of neural changes in the post-stroke swallowing network may assist in clinical diagnosis and provide ideas for the development of new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yin Qin,
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou, China,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou, China,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Guo Z, Chen F. Decoding lexical tones and vowels in imagined tonal monosyllables using fNIRS signals. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36317255 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9e1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Speech is a common way of communication. Decoding verbal intent could provide a naturalistic communication way for people with severe motor disabilities. Active brain computer interaction (BCI) speller is one of the most commonly used speech BCIs. To reduce the spelling time of Chinese words, identifying vowels and tones that are embedded in imagined Chinese words is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely used in BCI because it is portable, non-invasive, safe, low cost, and has a relatively high spatial resolution.Approach.In this study, an active BCI speller based on fNIRS is presented by covertly rehearsing tonal monosyllables with vowels (i.e. /a/, /i/, /o/, and /u/) and four lexical tones in Mandarin Chinese (i.e. tones 1, 2, 3, and 4) for 10 s.Main results.fNIRS results showed significant differences in the right superior temporal gyrus between imagined vowels with tone 2/3/4 and those with tone 1 (i.e. more activations and stronger connections to other brain regions for imagined vowels with tones 2/3/4 than for those with tone 1). Speech-related areas for tone imagery (i.e. the right hemisphere) provided majority of information for identifying tones, while the left hemisphere had advantages in vowel identification. Having decoded both vowels and tones during the post-stimulus 15 s period, the average classification accuracies exceeded 40% and 70% in multiclass (i.e. four classes) and binary settings, respectively. To spell words more quickly, the time window size for decoding was reduced from 15 s to 2.5 s while the classification accuracies were not significantly reduced.Significance.For the first time, this work demonstrated the possibility of discriminating lexical tones and vowels in imagined tonal syllables simultaneously. In addition, the reduced time window for decoding indicated that the spelling time of Chinese words could be significantly reduced in the fNIRS-based BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhi Guo
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Silva AB, Liu JR, Zhao L, Levy DF, Scott TL, Chang EF. A Neurosurgical Functional Dissection of the Middle Precentral Gyrus during Speech Production. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8416-8426. [PMID: 36351829 PMCID: PMC9665919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1614-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical models have traditionally focused on the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) as a key region for motor planning of speech production. However, converging evidence suggests that it is not critical for either speech motor planning or execution. Alternative cortical areas supporting high-level speech motor planning have yet to be defined. In this review, we focus on the precentral gyrus, whose role in speech production is often thought to be limited to lower-level articulatory muscle control. In particular, we highlight neurosurgical investigations that have shed light on a cortical region anatomically located near the midpoint of the precentral gyrus, hence called the middle precentral gyrus (midPrCG). The midPrCG is functionally located between dorsal hand and ventral orofacial cortical representations and exhibits unique sensorimotor and multisensory functions relevant for speech processing. This includes motor control of the larynx, auditory processing, as well as a role in reading and writing. Furthermore, direct electrical stimulation of midPrCG can evoke complex movements, such as vocalization, and selective injury can cause deficits in verbal fluency, such as pure apraxia of speech. Based on these findings, we propose that midPrCG is essential to phonological-motoric aspects of speech production, especially syllabic-level speech sequencing, a role traditionally ascribed to Broca's area. The midPrCG is a cortical brain area that should be included in contemporary models of speech production with a unique role in speech motor planning and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Silva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Jessie R Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Deborah F Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Terri L Scott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
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Dole M, Vilain C, Haldin C, Baciu M, Cousin E, Lamalle L, Lœvenbruck H, Vilain A, Schwartz JL. Comparing the selectivity of vowel representations in cortical auditory vs. motor areas: A repetition-suppression study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Neural Correlates of Oral Stereognosis—An fMRI Study. Dysphagia 2022; 38:923-932. [PMID: 36087119 PMCID: PMC10182931 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOral stereognosis is the ability to recognize, discriminate and localize a bolus in the oral cavity. Clinical observation indicates deficits in oral stereognosis in patients with vascular or neurodegenerative diseases particularly affecting the parietal lobes. However, the precise neural representation of oral stereognosis remains unclear whereas the neural network of manual stereognosis has already been identified. We hypothesize that oral and manual stereognosis share common neuronal substrates whilst also showing somatotopic distribution. Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI; Siemens Prisma 3 T) from 20 healthy right-handed participants (11 female; mean age 25.7 years) using a cross-modal task of oral and manual spatial object manipulation were acquired. Data were analyzed using FSL software using a block design and standard analytical and statistical procedures. A conjunction analysis targeted the common neuronal substrate for stereognosis. Activations associated with manual and oral stereognosis were found in partially overlapping fronto-parietal networks in a somatotopic fashion, where oral stereognosis is located caudally from manual stereognosis. A significant overlap was seen in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus. Additionally, cerebellar activations were shown particularly for the oral condition. Spatial arrangement of shaped boli in the oral cavity is associated with neuronal activity in fronto-parietal networks and the cerebellum. These findings have significant implications for clinical diagnostics and management of patients with lesions or atrophy in parietal lobule (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, stroke). More studies are required to investigate the clinical effect of damage to these areas, such as loss of oral stereognosis or an impaired oral phase.
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Guinamard A, Clément S, Goemaere S, Mary A, Riquet A, Dellacherie D. Musical abilities in children with developmental cerebellar anomalies. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:886427. [PMID: 36061946 PMCID: PMC9436271 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.886427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental Cerebellar Anomalies (DCA) are rare diseases (e.g., Joubert syndrome) that affect various motor and non-motor functions during childhood. The present study examined whether music perception and production are affected in children with DCA. Sixteen children with DCA and 37 healthy matched control children were tested with the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Musical Abilities (MBEMA) to assess musical perception. Musical production was assessed using two singing tasks: a pitch-matching task and a melodic reproduction task. Mixed model analyses showed that children with DCA were impaired on the MBEMA rhythm perception subtest, whereas there was no difference between the two groups on the melodic perception subtest. Children with DCA were also impaired in the melodic reproduction task. In both groups, singing performance was positively correlated with rhythmic and melodic perception scores, and a strong correlation was found between singing ability and oro-bucco-facial praxis in children with DCA. Overall, children with DCA showed impairments in both music perception and production, although heterogeneity in cerebellar patient’s profiles was highlighted by individual analyses. These results confirm the role of the cerebellum in rhythm processing as well as in the vocal sensorimotor loop in a developmental perspective. Rhythmic deficits in cerebellar patients are discussed in light of recent work on predictive timing networks including the cerebellum. Our results open innovative remediation perspectives aiming at improving perceptual and/or production musical abilities while considering the heterogeneity of patients’ clinical profiles to design music-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guinamard
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Antoine Guinamard,
| | - Sylvain Clément
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Goemaere
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre Régional de Diagnostic des Troubles d’Apprentissage, Lille, France
| | - Alice Mary
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Riquet
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Dellacherie
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- Delphine Dellacherie,
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13
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Comment on “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dysphagia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis”. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 66:104017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Ghatti S, Yoon E, Lopez G, Ehrlich D, Horovitz SG. Imaging and genetics in Parkinson's disease: assessment of the GBA1 mutation. J Neurol 2022; 269:5347-5355. [PMID: 35604467 PMCID: PMC10402751 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several genetic variants are associated with an increased risk for developing Parkinson's Disease (PD) and limited genotype/phenotype correlation. Specifically, mutations in GBA1, the gene coding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are associated with an earlier age of onset and faster disease progression. Given these phenotypic differences associated with GBA1 variants, we explored whether cortical thickness and other biomarkers of neurodegeneration differed in healthy controls and PD patients with and without GBA1 variants. METHODS To understand how different GBA1 variants influence PD phenotype early in the disease, we retrieved neuroimaging and biospecimen data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. Using FreeSurfer, we compared T1-weighted MRI images from healthy controls (N = 47) to PD patients with heterozygous N370S (N = 21), heterozygous E326K (N = 18) or heterozygous T369M (N = 8) variants, and GBA1 non-mutation carriers (N = 47). RESULTS Cortical thickness in PD patients differed from controls in the parietal cortex, with E365K, T369M variants, and GBA1 non-mutation carriers showing more cortical thinning than N370S variants. Patients with N370S variants had significantly higher serum neurofilament light levels among all groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate significant cortical thinning in PD patients independent of genotype in superior parietal and postcentral regions when compared to the controls. They highlight the impact of GBA1 variants on cortical thickness in the parietal cortex. Finally, they suggest that recently diagnosed PD patients with N370S variants have a higher cortical thickness and increased active neurodegeneration when compared to PD patients without GBA1 mutations and PD patients with E326K or T369M variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghatti
- National Institutes of Neurological Disease and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Esther Yoon
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grisel Lopez
- National Human Genome Research Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra Ehrlich
- National Institutes of Neurological Disease and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvina G Horovitz
- National Institutes of Neurological Disease and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Dedry M, Maryn Y, Szmalec A, Lith-Bijl JV, Dricot L, Desuter G. Neural Correlates of Healthy Sustained Vowel Phonation Tasks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00036-4. [PMID: 35305893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review of the methodology and results of studies involving a sustained vowel phonation task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) aims to contribute to the identification of brain regions involved in phonation for healthy subjects. DATA SOURCES This review was performed using the PubMed electronic database. REVIEW METHODS A review was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines, between September and November 2020, using the following search term pairs: "fMRI and Phonation" and "fMRI and Voice." Activation likelihood estimation analysis was performed. A qualitative analysis was also performed to specify the frequency of activation of each region, as well as the various activation clusters within a single region. RESULTS Seven studies were included and analyzed. Five of the seven studies were selected for the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis which revealed significant convergent activation for only one cluster located in the left precentral gyrus (BA4). A qualitative review provides an overview of brain activation. Primary motor and premotor areas were the only activated areas in all studies included. Other regions previously considered to be implicated in phonation were often activated in sustained vowel phonation tasks. Additionally, areas generally associated with articulation or language also showed activation. CONCLUSION Methodological recommendations are suggested to isolate the phonatory component and reduce variability between future studies. Based on the qualitative analysis, this review does not support a distinction between regions more related to phonation and regions more related to articulation. Further research is required seeking to isolate the vocal component and to improve insight into human brain network involved in phonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dedry
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Youri Maryn
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Gent, Belgium; Phonanium, Lokeren, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Szmalec
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gauthier Desuter
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Voice and Swallowing Clinic, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
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16
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Guo Z, Chen F. Idle-state detection in motor imagery of articulation using early information: A functional Near-infrared spectroscopy study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Zlatkina V, Sprung-Much T, Petrides M. Spatial probability maps of the segments of the postcentral sulcus in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3651-3668. [PMID: 34963136 PMCID: PMC9433426 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The postcentral sulcus is the posterior boundary of the postcentral gyrus where the somatosensory cortex is represented. In the human brain, the postcentral sulcus is composed of five distinct segments that are related to the somatosensory representation of different parts of the body. Segment 1 of the postcentral sulcus, located near the dorsomedial boundary of each hemisphere, is associated with toe/leg representations, segment 2 with arm/hand representations, segment 3 with blinking, and segments 4 and 5, which are near the lateral fissure and the parietal operculum, with the mouth and tongue representations. The variability in location and spatial extent of these five segments were quantified in 40 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical brain scans registered to the stereotaxic space of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI space), in the form of volumetric (using MINC Toolkit) and surface (using FreeSurfer) spatial probability maps. These probability maps can be used by researchers and clinicians to improve the localization of the segments of the postcentral sulcus in MRI images of interest and also to improve the interpretation of the location of activation peaks generated in functional neuroimaging studies investigating somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zlatkina
- Address correspondence to Veronika Zlatkina, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Trisanna Sprung-Much
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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18
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Esposti R, Marchese SM, Farinelli V, Bolzoni F, Cavallari P. Dual-Hemisphere Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parietal Operculum Does Not Affect the Programming of Intra-limb Anticipatory Postural Adjustments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789886. [PMID: 34987420 PMCID: PMC8721103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that the postural and focal components within the voluntary motor command are functionally unique. In 2015, we reported that the supplementary motor area (SMA) processes Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) separately from the command to focal muscles, so we are still searching for a hierarchically higher area able to process both components. Among these, the parietal operculum (PO) seemed to be a good candidate, as it is a hub integrating both sensory and motor streams. However, in 2019, we reported that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), applied with an active electrode on the PO contralateral to the moving segment vs. a larger reference electrode on the opposite forehead, did not affect intra-limb APAs associated to brisk flexions of the index-finger. Nevertheless, literature reports that two active electrodes of opposite polarities, one on each PO (dual-hemisphere, dh-tDCS), elicit stronger effects than the "active vs. reference" arrangement. Thus, in the present study, the same intra-limb APAs were recorded before, during and after dh-tDCS on PO. Twenty right-handed subjects were tested, 10 for each polarity: anode on the left vs. cathode on the right, and vice versa. Again, dh-tDCS was ineffective on APA amplitude and timing, as well as on prime mover recruitment and index-finger kinematics. These results confirm the conclusion that PO does not take part in intra-limb APA control. Therefore, our search for an area in which the motor command to prime mover and postural muscles are still processed together will have to address other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Esposti
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia M. Marchese
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Farinelli
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzoni
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavallari
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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19
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Zhao T, Hu A, Su R, Lyu C, Wang L, Yan N. Phonetic versus spatial processes during motor-oriented imitations of visuo-labial and visuo-lingual speech: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:154-174. [PMID: 34854143 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While a large amount of research has studied the facilitation of visual speech on auditory speech recognition, few have investigated the processing of visual speech gestures in motor-oriented tasks that focus on the spatial and motor features of the articulator actions instead of the phonetic features of auditory and visual speech. The current study examined the engagement of spatial and phonetic processing of visual speech in a motor-oriented speech imitation task. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the haemodynamic activities related to spatial processing and audiovisual integration in the superior parietal lobe (SPL) and the posterior superior/middle temporal gyrus (pSTG/pMTG) respectively. In addition, visuo-labial and visuo-lingual speech were compared with examine the influence of visual familiarity and audiovisual association on the processes in question. fNIRS revealed significant activations in the SPL but found no supra-additive audiovisual activations in the pSTG/pMTG, suggesting that the processing of audiovisual speech stimuli was primarily focused on spatial processes related to action comprehension and preparation, whereas phonetic processes related to audiovisual integration was minimal. Comparisons between visuo-labial and visuo-lingual speech imitations revealed no significant difference in the activation of the SPL or the pSTG/pMTG, suggesting that a higher degree of visual familiarity and audiovisual association did not significantly influence how visuo-labial speech was processed compared with visuo-lingual speech. The current study offered insights on the pattern of visual-speech processing under a motor-oriented task objective and provided further evidence for the modulation of multimodal speech integration by voluntary selective attention and task objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anming Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengchen Lyu
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Moon HI, Jeong YJ, Suh JH. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis for dysphagia in stroke patients with isolated cerebellar lesions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:65-74. [PMID: 34773172 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Because the cerebellum plays a role in motor coordination, timing, sequencing, and feedback, it is hypothesized to be involved in swallowing-related functions. The role of the cerebellum in deglutition has become increasing evident, but the exact nature of this role remains inconclusive because of limited data from pure cerebellar lesions. Therefore, we conducted location analysis in isolated cerebellar lesions to complement previous findings and provide additional information. We reviewed 40 stroke patients with isolated cerebellar lesion. Lesion location and volume were measured on brain magnetic resonance images. We generated statistical maps of lesions related to VDS using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). We also created an overlay map of subgroups according to VDS score, those who have low risk and those who have high risk. Patients with cerebellar lesion had difficulty swallowing, both in the oral and pharyngeal phases. Multivariate analysis of cognitive function was selected as an independent predictor. In the group of high-risk patients, the overlay map showed some bilateral asymmetry, with a wider distribution in the left hemisphere and involvement of deep cerebellar nuclei. Using VLSM, we found that lesion location was associated with dysphagia. Although these results were not statistically significant, they showed a lesion pattern with predominant distribution in the left posterior lobe. Our results suggest that damage to the posterior lobe of the left cerebellum tends be related to severity of dysphagia in patients with isolated cerebellar lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Im Moon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Jeong Jeong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Suh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea
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21
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Geva S, Schneider LM, Roberts S, Khan S, Gajardo-Vidal A, Lorca-Puls DL, Team P, Hope TMH, Green DW, Price CJ. Right cerebral motor areas that support accurate speech production following damage to cerebellar speech areas. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102820. [PMID: 34653836 PMCID: PMC8517928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Participants with damage to cerebellar speech regions were studied with fMRI. At the time of test, their speech production was accurate and precise. Their speech production activation was enhanced in right hemisphere motor regions. We provide hypotheses for targeting future fMRI and brain stimulation studies.
Specific regions of the cerebellum are activated when neurologically intact adults speak, and cerebellar damage can impair speech production early after stroke, but how the brain supports accurate speech production years after cerebellar damage remains unknown. We investigated this in patients with cerebellar lesions affecting regions that are normally recruited during speech production. Functional MRI activation in these patients, measured during various single word production tasks, was compared to that of neurologically intact controls, and patient controls with lesions that spared the cerebellar speech production regions. Our analyses revealed that, during a range of speech production tasks, patients with damage to cerebellar speech production regions had greater activation in the right dorsal premotor cortex (r-PMd) and right supplementary motor area (r-SMA) compared to neurologically intact controls. The loci of increased activation in cerebral motor speech areas motivate future studies to delineate the functional contributions of different parts of the speech production network, and test whether non-invasive stimulation to r-PMd and r-SMA facilitates speech recovery after cerebellar stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Geva
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Letitia M Schneider
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Roberts
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Shamima Khan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Ploras Team
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - David W Green
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
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22
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Venezia JH, Richards VM, Hickok G. Speech-Driven Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields Beyond the Auditory Cortex. Hear Res 2021; 408:108307. [PMID: 34311190 PMCID: PMC8378265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a method to estimate speech-driven spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) using fMRI. The method uses spectrotemporal modulation filtering, a form of acoustic distortion that renders speech sometimes intelligible and sometimes unintelligible. Using this method, we found significant STRF responses only in classic auditory regions throughout the superior temporal lobes. However, our analysis was not optimized to detect small clusters of STRFs as might be expected in non-auditory regions. Here, we re-analyze our data using a more sensitive multivariate statistical test for cross-subject alignment of STRFs, and we identify STRF responses in non-auditory regions including the left dorsal premotor cortex (dPM), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral calcarine sulcus (calcS). All three regions responded more to intelligible than unintelligible speech, but left dPM and calcS responded significantly to vocal pitch and demonstrated strong functional connectivity with early auditory regions. Left dPM's STRF generated the best predictions of activation on trials rated as unintelligible by listeners, a hallmark auditory profile. IFG, on the other hand, responded almost exclusively to intelligible speech and was functionally connected with classic speech-language regions in the superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyrus. IFG's STRF was also (weakly) able to predict activation on unintelligible trials, suggesting the presence of a partial 'acoustic trace' in the region. We conclude that left dPM is part of the human dorsal laryngeal motor cortex, a region previously shown to be capable of operating in an 'auditory mode' to encode vocal pitch. Further, given previous observations that IFG is involved in syntactic working memory and/or processing of linear order, we conclude that IFG is part of a higher-order speech circuit that exerts a top-down influence on processing of speech acoustics. Finally, because calcS is modulated by emotion, we speculate that changes in the quality of vocal pitch may have contributed to its response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Venezia
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Dept. of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
| | - Virginia M Richards
- Depts. of Cognitive Sciences and Language Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Depts. of Cognitive Sciences and Language Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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23
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Neural Plasticity in a French Horn Player with Bilateral Amelia. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:4570135. [PMID: 34373687 PMCID: PMC8349270 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4570135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of movement and timing play a key role in musical performance. This motor skill requires coordination across multiple joints, muscles, and limbs, which is acquired through extensive musical training from childhood on. Thus, making music can be a strong driver for neuroplasticity. We here present the rare case of a professional french horn player with a congenital bilateral amelia of the upper limbs. We were able to show a unique cerebral and cerebellar somatotopic representation of his toe and feet, that do not follow the characteristic patterns of contralateral cortical and ipsilateral cerebellar layout. Although being a professional horn player who trained his embouchure muscles, including tongue, pharyngeal, and facial muscle usage excessively, there were no obvious signs for an expanded somatosensory representation in this part of the classic homunculus. Compared to the literature and in contrast to control subjects, the musicians' foot movement-related activations occurred in cerebellar areas that are typically more related to hand than to foot activation.
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24
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Inamochi Y, Fueki K, Usui N, Taira M, Wakabayashi N. Adaptive brain activity changes during tongue movement with palatal coverage from fMRI data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13907. [PMID: 34230552 PMCID: PMC8260614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful adaptation to wearing dentures with palatal coverage may be associated with cortical activity changes related to tongue motor control. The purpose was to investigate the brain activity changes during tongue movement in response to a new oral environment. Twenty-eight fully dentate subjects (mean age: 28.6-years-old) who had no experience with removable dentures wore experimental palatal plates for 7 days. We measured tongue motor dexterity, difficulty with tongue movement, and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during tongue movement at pre-insertion (Day 0), as well as immediately (Day 1), 3 days (Day 3), and 7 days (Day 7) post-insertion. Difficulty with tongue movement was significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 0, 3, and 7. In the subtraction analysis of brain activity across each day, activations in the angular gyrus and right precuneus on Day 1 were significantly higher than on Day 7. Tongue motor impairment induced activation of the angular gyrus, which was associated with monitoring of the tongue's spatial information, as well as the activation of the precuneus, which was associated with constructing the tongue motor imagery. As the tongue regained the smoothness in its motor functions, the activation of the angular gyrus and precuneus decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Inamochi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kenji Fueki
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Usui
- Biointerfaces Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S3-12 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Taira
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, The Center for Brain Integration Research, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Kumar S, Dheerendra P, Erfanian M, Benzaquén E, Sedley W, Gander PE, Lad M, Bamiou DE, Griffiths TD. The Motor Basis for Misophonia. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5762-5770. [PMID: 34021042 PMCID: PMC8244967 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0261-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Misophonia is a common disorder characterized by the experience of strong negative emotions of anger and anxiety in response to certain everyday sounds, such as those generated by other people eating, drinking, and breathing. The commonplace nature of these "trigger" sounds makes misophonia a devastating disorder for sufferers and their families. How such innocuous sounds trigger this response is unknown. Since most trigger sounds are generated by orofacial movements (e.g., chewing) in others, we hypothesized that the mirror neuron system related to orofacial movements could underlie misophonia. We analyzed resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) connectivity (N = 33, 16 females) and sound-evoked fMRI responses (N = 42, 29 females) in misophonia sufferers and controls. We demonstrate that, compared with controls, the misophonia group show no difference in auditory cortex responses to trigger sounds, but do show: (1) stronger rs-fMRI connectivity between both auditory and visual cortex and the ventral premotor cortex responsible for orofacial movements; (2) stronger functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and orofacial motor area during sound perception in general; and (3) stronger activation of the orofacial motor area, specifically, in response to trigger sounds. Our results support a model of misophonia based on "hyper-mirroring" of the orofacial actions of others with sounds being the "medium" via which action of others is excessively mirrored. Misophonia is therefore not an abreaction to sounds, per se, but a manifestation of activity in parts of the motor system involved in producing those sounds. This new framework to understand misophonia can explain behavioral and emotional responses and has important consequences for devising effective therapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Conventionally, misophonia, literally "hatred of sounds" has been considered as a disorder of sound emotion processing, in which "simple" eating and chewing sounds produced by others cause negative emotional responses. Our data provide an alternative but complementary perspective on misophonia that emphasizes the action of the trigger-person rather than the sounds which are a byproduct of that action. Sounds, in this new perspective, are only a "medium" via which action of the triggering-person is mirrored onto the listener. This change in perspective has important consequences for devising therapies and treatment methods for misophonia. It suggests that, instead of focusing on sounds, which many existing therapies do, effective therapies should target the brain representation of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbinder Kumar
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Pradeep Dheerendra
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Mercede Erfanian
- UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett, University College London, WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Benzaquén
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - William Sedley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH
| | - Phillip E Gander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Meher Lad
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH
| | - Doris E Bamiou
- UCL Ear Institute, London, WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, WC1E 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroImaging, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Garrett DD, Lu C, Chen A, Qiu J, Ding G. Auditory-Articulatory Neural Alignment between Listener and Speaker during Verbal Communication. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:942-951. [PMID: 31318013 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether auditory processing of speech relies on reference to the articulatory motor information of speaker remains elusive. Here, we addressed this issue under a two-brain framework. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to record the brain activities of speakers when telling real-life stories and later of listeners when listening to the audio recordings of these stories. Based on between-brain seed-to-voxel correlation analyses, we revealed that neural dynamics in listeners' auditory temporal cortex are temporally coupled with the dynamics in the speaker's larynx/phonation area. Moreover, the coupling response in listener's left auditory temporal cortex follows the hierarchical organization for speech processing, with response lags in A1+, STG/STS, and MTG increasing linearly. Further, listeners showing greater coupling responses understand the speech better. When comprehension fails, such interbrain auditory-articulation coupling vanishes substantially. These findings suggest that a listener's auditory system and a speaker's articulatory system are inherently aligned during naturalistic verbal interaction, and such alignment is associated with high-level information transfer from the speaker to the listener. Our study provides reliable evidence supporting that references to the articulatory motor information of speaker facilitate speech comprehension under a naturalistic scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas D Garrett
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education & Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education & Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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The Differences in the Whole-Brain Functional Network between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030310. [PMID: 33801390 PMCID: PMC8000089 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals are logographic-logographic bilinguals that provide a unique population for bilingual studies. Whole brain functional connectivity analysis makes up for the deficiencies of previous bilingual studies on the seed-based approach and helps give a complete picture of the brain connectivity profiles of logographic-logographic bilinguals. The current study is to explore the effect of the long-term logographic-logographic bilingual experience on the functional connectivity of the whole-brain network. Thirty Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual and 30 Mandarin monolingual college students were recruited in the study. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed to investigate the whole-brain functional connectivity differences by network-based statistics (NBS), and the differences in network efficiency were investigated by graph theory between the two groups (false discovery rate corrected for multiple comparisons, q = 0.05). Compared with the Mandarin monolingual group, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals increased functional connectivity between the bilateral frontoparietal and temporal regions and decreased functional connectivity in the bilateral occipital cortex and between the right sensorimotor region and bilateral prefrontal cortex. No significant differences in network efficiency were found between the two groups. Compared with the Mandarin monolinguals, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals had no significant discrepancies in network efficiency. However, the Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals developed a more strongly connected subnetwork related to language control, inhibition, phonological and semantic processing, and memory retrieval, whereas a weaker connected subnetwork related to visual and phonology processing, and speech production also developed.
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Asymmetry of Auditory-Motor Speech Processing is Determined by Language Experience. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1059-1067. [PMID: 33298537 PMCID: PMC7880293 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1977-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech processing relies on interactions between auditory and motor systems and is asymmetrically organized in the human brain. The left auditory system is specialized for processing of phonemes, whereas the right is specialized for processing of pitch changes in speech affecting prosody. In speakers of tonal languages, however, processing of pitch (i.e., tone) changes that alter word meaning is left-lateralized indicating that linguistic function and language experience shape speech processing asymmetries. Here, we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in male and female speakers of tonal and non-tonal languages. We temporarily disrupted the right or left speech motor cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and measured the impact of these disruptions on auditory discrimination (mismatch negativity; MMN) responses to phoneme and tone changes in sequences of syllables using electroencephalography (EEG). We found that the effect of motor disruptions on processing of tone changes differed between language groups: disruption of the right speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in non-tonal language speakers, whereas disruption of the left speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in tonal language speakers. In non-tonal language speakers, the effects of disruption of left speech motor cortex on responses to tone changes were inconclusive. For phoneme changes, disruption of left but not right speech motor cortex suppressed responses in both language groups. We conclude that the contributions of the right and left speech motor cortex to auditory speech processing are determined by the functional roles of acoustic cues in the listener's native language.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The principles underlying hemispheric asymmetries of auditory speech processing remain debated. The asymmetry of processing of speech sounds is affected by low-level acoustic cues, but also by their linguistic function. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in tonal and non-tonal language speakers. We provide causal evidence that the functional role of the acoustic cues in the listener's native language affects the asymmetry of motor influences on auditory speech discrimination ability [indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN) responses]. Lateralized top-down motor influences can affect asymmetry of speech processing in the auditory system.
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Increased links between language and motor areas: A proof-of-concept study on resting-state functional connectivity following Personalized Observation, Execution and Mental imagery therapy in chronic aphasia. Brain Cogn 2021; 148:105659. [PMID: 33485051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A tight coupling of language and motor processes has been established, which is consistent with embodied cognition theory. However, very few therapies have been designed to exploit the synergy between motor and language processes to help rehabilitate people with aphasia (PWA). Moreover, the underlying mechanisms supporting the efficacy of such approaches remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that personalized observation, execution, and mental imagery therapy (POEM)-a new therapy using three sensorimotor strategies to trigger action verb naming-leads to significant improvements in verb retrieval in PWA. Moreover, these improvements were supported by significant activations in language and sensorimotor processing areas, which further reinforce the role of both processes in language recovery (Durand et al., 2018). The present study investigates resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes following POEM in a pre-/post-POEM therapy design. A whole brain network functional connectivity approach was used to assess and describe changes in rsFC in a group of four PWA, who were matched and compared with four healthy controls (HC). Results showed increased rsFC in PWA within and between visuo-motor and language areas (right cuneal cortex-left supracalcarin (SCC) cortex/right precentral gyrus (PreCG)-left lingual gyrus (LG)) and between areas involved in action processing (right anterior parahippocampal gyrus (aPaHC)-left superior parietal lobule (SPL). In comparison to HC, the PWA group showed increased rsFC between the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left thalamus, which are areas involved in lexico-semantic processing. This proof-of-concept study suggests that the sensorimotor and language strategies used in POEM may induce modifications in large-scale networks, probably derived from the integration of visual and sensorimotor systems to sustain action naming, which is consistent with the embodied cognition theory.
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30
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Schippers A, Vansteensel MJ, Freudenburg ZV, Leijten FSS, Ramsey NF. Detailed somatotopy of tongue movement in the human sensorimotor cortex: A case study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:287-289. [PMID: 33482374 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Schippers
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zachary V Freudenburg
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans S S Leijten
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick F Ramsey
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Sheets JR, Briggs RG, Young IM, Bai MY, Lin YH, Poologaindran A, Conner AK, O'Neal CM, Baker CM, Glenn CA, Sughrue ME. Parcellation-based modeling of the supplementary motor area. J Neurol Sci 2021; 421:117322. [PMID: 33497952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The supplementary motor area (SMA) plays an important role in the initiation and coordination of internally and externally cued movements. Such movements include reaching, grasping, speaking, and bilateral hand coordination. While many studies discuss the SMA and its relationship to other parts of the motor network, there is minimal literature examining the connectivity of the SMA outside of the motor network. Using region-based fMRI studies, we built a neuroanatomical model to account for these extra-motor connections. METHODS Thirty region-based fMRI studies were used to generate an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) using BrainMap software. Cortical parcellations overlapping the ALE were used to construct a preliminary model of the SMA connections outside the motor network. DSI-based fiber tractography was performed to determine the connectivity between cortical parcellations. The resulting connections were described using the cortical parcellation scheme developed by the Human Connectome Project (HCP). RESULTS Four left hemisphere regions were found to comprise the SMA. These included areas SFL, SCEF, 6ma, and 6mp. Across mapped brains, these areas showed consistent interconnections between each other. Additionally, ipsilateral connections to the primary motor cortex, left inferior and middle frontal gyri, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and insula were demonstrated. Connections to the contralateral SMA, anterior cingulate, lateral premotor, and inferior frontal cortices were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We describe a preliminary cortical model for the underlying structural connectivity of the supplementary motor area outside the motor network. Future studies should further characterize the neuroanatomic underpinnings of this network for the purposes of medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Sheets
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Y Bai
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yueh-Hsin Lin
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Christen M O'Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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FMRI-based identity classification accuracy in left temporal and frontal regions predicts speaker recognition performance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:489. [PMID: 33436825 PMCID: PMC7803954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Speaker recognition is characterized by considerable inter-individual variability with poorly understood neural bases. This study was aimed at (1) clarifying the cerebral correlates of speaker recognition in humans, in particular the involvement of prefrontal areas, using multi voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) applied to fMRI data from a relatively large group of participants, and (2) at investigating the relationship across participants between fMRI-based classification and the group's variable behavioural performance at the speaker recognition task. A cohort of subjects (N = 40, 28 females) selected to present a wide distribution of voice recognition abilities underwent an fMRI speaker identification task during which they were asked to recognize three previously learned speakers with finger button presses. The results showed that speaker identity could be significantly decoded based on fMRI patterns in voice-sensitive regions including bilateral temporal voice areas (TVAs) along the superior temporal sulcus/gyrus but also in bilateral parietal and left inferior frontal regions. Furthermore, fMRI-based classification accuracy showed a significant correlation with individual behavioural performance in left anterior STG/STS and left inferior frontal gyrus. These results highlight the role of both temporal and extra-temporal regions in performing a speaker identity recognition task with motor responses.
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Neef NE, Primaßin A, von Gudenberg AW, Dechent P, Riedel C, Paulus W, Sommer M. Two cortical representations of voice control are differentially involved in speech fluency. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcaa232. [PMID: 33959707 PMCID: PMC8088816 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified two distinct cortical representations of voice control in humans, the ventral and the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex. Strikingly, while persistent developmental stuttering has been linked to a white-matter deficit in the ventral laryngeal motor cortex, intensive fluency-shaping intervention modulated the functional connectivity of the dorsal laryngeal motor cortical network. Currently, it is unknown whether the underlying structural network organization of these two laryngeal representations is distinct or differently shaped by stuttering intervention. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in 22 individuals who stutter and participated in a fluency shaping intervention, in 18 individuals who stutter and did not participate in the intervention and in 28 control participants, we here compare structural networks of the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex and the ventral laryngeal motor cortex and test intervention-related white-matter changes. We show (i) that all participants have weaker ventral laryngeal motor cortex connections compared to the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex network, regardless of speech fluency, (ii) connections of the ventral laryngeal motor cortex were stronger in fluent speakers, (iii) the connectivity profile of the ventral laryngeal motor cortex predicted stuttering severity (iv) but the ventral laryngeal motor cortex network is resistant to a fluency shaping intervention. Our findings substantiate a weaker structural organization of the ventral laryngeal motor cortical network in developmental stuttering and imply that assisted recovery supports neural compensation rather than normalization. Moreover, the resulting dissociation provides evidence for functionally segregated roles of the ventral laryngeal motor cortical and dorsal laryngeal motor cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Neef
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Annika Primaßin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | | | - Peter Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, MR Research in Neurosciences, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Christian Riedel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Martin Sommer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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34
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Eichert N, Watkins KE, Mars RB, Petrides M. Morphological and functional variability in central and subcentral motor cortex of the human brain. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 226:263-279. [PMID: 33355695 PMCID: PMC7817568 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-established link between anatomy and function in the somatomotor system in the mammalian cerebral cortex. The morphology of the central sulcus is predictive of the location of functional activation peaks relating to movement of different effectors in individuals. By contrast, morphological variation in the subcentral region and its relationship to function is, as yet, unknown. Investigating the subcentral region is particularly important in the context of speech, since control of the larynx during human speech production is related to activity in this region. Here, we examined the relationship between morphology in the central and subcentral region and the location of functional activity during movement of the hand, lips, tongue, and larynx at the individual participant level. We provide a systematic description of the sulcal patterns of the subcentral and adjacent opercular cortex, including the inter-individual variability in sulcal morphology. We show that, in the majority of participants, the anterior subcentral sulcus is not continuous, but consists of two distinct segments. A robust relationship between morphology of the central and subcentral sulcal segments and movement of different effectors is demonstrated. Inter-individual variability of underlying anatomy might thus explain previous inconsistent findings, in particular regarding the ventral larynx area in subcentral cortex. A surface registration based on sulcal labels indicated that such anatomical information can improve the alignment of functional data for group studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Eichert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Kate E Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
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35
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Eichert N, Papp D, Mars RB, Watkins KE. Mapping Human Laryngeal Motor Cortex during Vocalization. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6254-6269. [PMID: 32728706 PMCID: PMC7610685 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The representations of the articulators involved in human speech production are organized somatotopically in primary motor cortex. The neural representation of the larynx, however, remains debated. Both a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation have been previously described. It is unknown, however, whether both representations are located in primary motor cortex. Here, we mapped the motor representations of the human larynx using functional magnetic resonance imaging and characterized the cortical microstructure underlying the activated regions. We isolated brain activity related to laryngeal activity during vocalization while controlling for breathing. We also mapped the articulators (the lips and tongue) and the hand area. We found two separate activations during vocalization-a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation. Structural and quantitative neuroimaging revealed that myelin content and cortical thickness underlying the dorsal, but not the ventral larynx representation, are similar to those of other primary motor representations. This finding confirms that the dorsal larynx representation is located in primary motor cortex and that the ventral one is not. We further speculate that the location of the ventral larynx representation is in premotor cortex, as seen in other primates. It remains unclear, however, whether and how these two representations differentially contribute to laryngeal motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Eichert
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Papp
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier B. Mars
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kate E. Watkins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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36
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Brown S, Yuan Y, Belyk M. Evolution of the speech-ready brain: The voice/jaw connection in the human motor cortex. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1018-1028. [PMID: 32720701 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A prominent model of the origins of speech, known as the "frame/content" theory, posits that oscillatory lowering and raising of the jaw provided an evolutionary scaffold for the development of syllable structure in speech. Because such oscillations are nonvocal in most nonhuman primates, the evolution of speech required the addition of vocalization onto this scaffold in order to turn such jaw oscillations into vocalized syllables. In the present functional MRI study, we demonstrate overlapping somatotopic representations between the larynx and the jaw muscles in the human primary motor cortex. This proximity between the larynx and jaw in the brain might support the coupling between vocalization and jaw oscillations to generate syllable structure. This model suggests that humans inherited voluntary control of jaw oscillations from ancestral species, but added voluntary control of vocalization onto this via the evolution of a new brain area that came to be situated near the jaw region in the human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Belyk
- Department of Speech Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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37
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Nakajima R, Kinoshita M, Nakada M. Motor Functional Reorganization Is Triggered by Tumor Infiltration Into the Primary Motor Area and Repeated Surgery. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:327. [PMID: 32922279 PMCID: PMC7457049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with gliomas, motor deficits are not always observed, even though tumor cells infiltrate into the motor area. Currently, it is recognized that this phenomenon can occur through the neuroplasticity potential. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of motor functional reorganization in gliomas. Out of 100 consecutive patients who underwent awake surgery, 29 patients were assessed as regards their motor function and were retrospectively explored to determine whether positive motor responses were elicited. A total of 73 positive mapping sites from 27 cases were identified, and their spatial anatomical locations and activated region by functional MRI were analyzed. Additionally, the factors promoting neuroplasticity were analyzed through multiple logistic regression analysis. As a result, a total of 60 points (21 cases) were found in place, while 13 points (17.8%) were found to be shifted from anatomical localization. Reorganizations were classified into three categories: Type 1 (move to ipsilateral different gyrus) was detected at nine points (four cases), and they moved into the postcentral gyrus. Type 2 (move within the ipsilateral precentral gyrus) was detected at four points (two cases). Unknown type (two cases) was categorized as those whose motor functional cortex was moved to other regions, although we could not find the compensated motor area. Two factors for the onset of reorganization were identified: tumor cells infiltrate into the primary motor area and repeated surgery (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0070, respectively). Our study demonstrated that compensation can occur mainly in two ways, and it promoted repeated surgery and infiltration of tumor into the primary motor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Nakajima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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38
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Guidotti L, Negroni D, Sironi L, Stecco A. Neural Correlates of Esophageal Speech: An fMRI Pilot Study. J Voice 2020; 36:288.e1-288.e14. [PMID: 32768157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The esophageal speech is one of the possible alaryngeal voices resulting after total laryngectomy. Its production is made by the regurgitation of the air coming from the esophagus, sonorized through the passage from the walls of the upper esophageal sphincter. The neural correlates of this voice have never been investigated, while the neural control of laryngeal voice has been already documented by different studies. METHODS Four patients using esophageal speech after total laryngectomy and four healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. The fMRI experiment was carried out using a "Block Design Paradigm." RESULTS Comparison of the phonation task in the two groups revealed higher brain activities in the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum and the medulla as well as lower brain activities in the precentral gyrus, the inferior and middle frontal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus in the laryngectomized group. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this pilot study provide insight into neural phonation control in laryngectomized patients with esophageal speech. The imaging results demonstrated that in patients with esophageal speech, altered brain activities can be observed. The adaptive changes in the brain following laryngectomy reflect the changes in the body and in the voice modality. In addition, this pilot study establishes that a blocked design fMRI is sensitive enough to define a neural network associated with esophageal voice and lays the foundation for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Guidotti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.
| | - Davide Negroni
- Department of Radiology, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stecco
- Department of Radiology, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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39
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Narayana S, Parsons MB, Zhang W, Franklin C, Schiller K, Choudhri AF, Fox PT, LeDoux MS, Cannito M. Mapping typical and hypokinetic dysarthric speech production network using a connected speech paradigm in functional MRI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102285. [PMID: 32521476 PMCID: PMC7284131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed a task paradigm whereby subjects spoke aloud while minimizing head motion during functional MRI (fMRI) in order to better understand the neural circuitry involved in motor speech disorders due to dysfunction of the central nervous system. To validate our overt continuous speech paradigm, we mapped the speech production network (SPN) in typical speakers (n = 19, 10 females) and speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria as a manifestation of Parkinson disease (HKD; n = 21, 8 females) in fMRI. We then compared it with the SPN derived during overt speech production by 15O-water PET in the same group of typical speakers and another HKD cohort (n = 10, 2 females). The fMRI overt connected speech paradigm did not result in excessive motion artifacts and successfully identified the same brain areas demonstrated in the PET studies in the two cohorts. The SPN derived in fMRI demonstrated significant spatial overlap with the corresponding PET derived maps (typical speakers: r = 0.52; speakers with HKD: r = 0.43) and identified the components of the neural circuit of speech production belonging to the feedforward and feedback subsystems. The fMRI study in speakers with HKD identified significantly decreased activity in critical feedforward (bilateral dorsal premotor and motor cortices) and feedback (auditory and somatosensory areas) subsystems replicating previous PET study findings in this cohort. These results demonstrate that the overt connected speech paradigm is feasible during fMRI and can accurately localize the neural substrates of typical and disordered speech production. Our fMRI paradigm should prove useful for study of motor speech and voice disorders, including stuttering, apraxia of speech, dysarthria, and spasmodic dysphonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Megan B Parsons
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Katherine Schiller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Asim F Choudhri
- Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Veracity Neuroscience LLC, Memphis, TN 38157, USA; Department of Psychology and School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Michael Cannito
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
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40
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Wang Y, Sibaii F, Custead R, Oh H, Barlow SM. Functional Connectivity Evoked by Orofacial Tactile Perception of Velocity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:182. [PMID: 32210753 PMCID: PMC7068713 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical representations of orofacial pneumotactile stimulation involve complex neuronal networks, which are still unknown. This study aims to identify the characteristics of functional connectivity (FC) evoked by three different saltatory velocities over the perioral and buccal surface of the lower face using functional magnetic resonance imaging in twenty neurotypical adults. Our results showed a velocity of 25 cm/s evoked stronger connection strength between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right thalamus than a velocity of 5 cm/s. The decreased FC between the right secondary somatosensory cortex and right posterior parietal cortex for 5-cm/s velocity versus all three velocities delivered simultaneously (“All ON”) and the increased FC between the right thalamus and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex for 65 cm/s vs “All ON” indicated that the right secondary somatosensory cortex might play a role in the orofacial tactile perception of velocity. Our results have also shown different patterns of FC for each seed (bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortex) at various velocity contrasts (5 vs 25 cm/s, 5 vs 65 cm/s, and 25 vs 65 cm/s). The similarities and differences of FC among three velocities shed light on the neuronal networks encoding the orofacial tactile perception of velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Fatima Sibaii
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rebecca Custead
- Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Steven M Barlow
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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41
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Lin C, Yeung AWK. What do we learn from brain imaging?—A primer for the dentists who want to know more about the association between the brain and human stomatognathic functions. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:659-671. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry School of Dentistry National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science School of Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Brain Research Center National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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42
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Grabski K, Sato M. Adaptive phonemic coding in the listening and speaking brain. Neuropsychologia 2020; 136:107267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Zhao M, Marino M, Samogin J, Swinnen SP, Mantini D. Hand, foot and lip representations in primary sensorimotor cortex: a high-density electroencephalography study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19464. [PMID: 31857602 PMCID: PMC6923477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary sensorimotor cortex plays a major role in the execution of movements of the contralateral side of the body. The topographic representation of different body parts within this brain region is commonly investigated through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, fMRI does not provide direct information about neuronal activity. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to map the representations of hand, foot, and lip movements in the primary sensorimotor cortex, and to study their neural signatures. Specifically, we assessed the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the cortical space. We found that the performance of hand, foot, and lip movements elicited an ERD in beta and gamma frequency bands. The primary regions showing significant beta- and gamma-band ERD for hand and foot movements, respectively, were consistent with previously reported using fMRI. We observed relatively weaker ERD for lip movements, which may be explained by the fact that less fine movement control was required. Overall, our study demonstrated that ERD based on hdEEG data can support the study of motor-related neural processes, with relatively high spatial resolution. An interesting avenue may be the use of hdEEG for deeper investigations into the pathophysiology of neuromotor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhao
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Marino
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venice, Italy
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venice, Italy.
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44
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Longcamp M, Hupé JM, Ruiz M, Vayssière N, Sato M. Shared premotor activity in spoken and written communication. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 199:104694. [PMID: 31586790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to uncover a possible common neural organizing principle in spoken and written communication, through the coupling of perceptual and motor representations. In order to identify possible shared neural substrates for processing the basic units of spoken and written language, a sparse sampling fMRI acquisition protocol was performed on the same subjects in two experimental sessions with similar sets of letters being read and written and of phonemes being heard and orally produced. We found evidence of common premotor regions activated in spoken and written language, both in perception and in production. The location of those brain regions was confined to the left lateral and medial frontal cortices, at locations corresponding to the premotor cortex, inferior frontal cortex and supplementary motor area. Interestingly, the speaking and writing tasks also appeared to be controlled by largely overlapping networks, possibly indicating some domain general cognitive processing. Finally, the spatial distribution of individual activation peaks further showed more dorsal and more left-lateralized premotor activations in written than in spoken language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Michel Hupé
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Ruiz
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vayssière
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, CerCo, Toulouse, France; Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, France
| | - Marc Sato
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France
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45
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Kerem L, Hadjikhani N, Holsen L, Lawson EA, Plessow F. Oxytocin reduces the functional connectivity between brain regions involved in eating behavior in men with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:980-989. [PMID: 31740723 PMCID: PMC7192759 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oxytocin (OXT), shown to decrease food intake in animal models and men, is a promising novel treatment for obesity. We have shown that in men with overweight and obesity, intranasal (IN) OXT reduced the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the origin of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system, in response to high-calorie food vs. non-food images. Here, we employed functional connectivity fMRI analysis, which measures the synchrony in activation between neural systems in a context-dependent manner. We hypothesized that OXT would attenuate the functional connectivity of the VTA with key food motivation brain areas only when participants viewed high-calorie food stimuli. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 24 IU IN OXT included 10 men with overweight or obesity (mean±SEM BMI: 28.9±0.8 kg/m2). Following drug administration, subjects completed an fMRI food motivation paradigm including images of high and low-calorie foods, non-food objects, and fixation stimuli. A psychophysiological interaction analysis was performed with the VTA as seed region. Results: Following OXT administration, compared with placebo, participants exhibited significantly attenuated functional connectivity between the VTA and the insula, oral somatosensory cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, operculum, and middle temporal gyrus in response to viewing high-calorie foods (Z≥3.1, cluster-corrected, p<0.05). There was no difference in functional connectivity between VTA and these brain areas when comparing OXT and placebo for low-calorie food, non-food, and fixation images. Conclusion: In men with overweight and obesity, OXT attenuates the functional connectivity between the VTA and food motivation brain regions in response to high-calorie visual food images. These findings could partially explain the observed anorexigenic effect of OXT, providing insight into the mechanism through which OXT ameliorates food cue-induced reward anticipation in patients with obesity. Additional studies are ongoing to further delineate the anorexigenic effect of OXT in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kerem
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Holsen
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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46
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Salari E, Freudenburg ZV, Branco MP, Aarnoutse EJ, Vansteensel MJ, Ramsey NF. Classification of Articulator Movements and Movement Direction from Sensorimotor Cortex Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14165. [PMID: 31578420 PMCID: PMC6775133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For people suffering from severe paralysis, communication can be difficult or nearly impossible. Technology systems called brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are being developed to assist these people with communication by using their brain activity to control a computer without any muscle activity. To benefit the development of BCIs that employ neural activity related to speech, we investigated if neural activity patterns related to different articulator movements can be distinguished from each other. We recorded with electrocorticography (ECoG), the neural activity related to different articulator movements in 4 epilepsy patients and classified which articulator participants moved based on the sensorimotor cortex activity patterns. The same was done for different movement directions of a single articulator, the tongue. In both experiments highly accurate classification was obtained, on average 92% for different articulators and 85% for different tongue directions. Furthermore, the data show that only a small part of the sensorimotor cortex is needed for classification (ca. 1 cm2). We show that recordings from small parts of the sensorimotor cortex contain information about different articulator movements which might be used for BCI control. Our results are of interest for BCI systems that aim to decode neural activity related to (actual or attempted) movements from a contained cortical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salari
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z V Freudenburg
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Branco
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E J Aarnoutse
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Vansteensel
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N F Ramsey
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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47
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Marchese SM, Esposti R, Bolzoni F, Cavallari P. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parietal Operculum Contralateral to the Moving Limb Does Not Affect the Programming of Intra-Limb Anticipatory Postural Adjustments. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1159. [PMID: 31572211 PMCID: PMC6749026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the parietal operculum acts as an integration center within a multimodal network, originating from different primary sensory and motor cortices and projecting to frontal, parietal and temporal cortical hubs, which in turn govern cognitive and motor functions. Thus, parietal operculum might also play a crucial role in the integrated control of voluntary movement and posture. As a first step to test this hypothesis, the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) stabilizing the arm when the index-finger is briskly flexed were recorded, on the preferred side, in three groups of 10 healthy subjects, before, during and after CATHODAL or ANODAL transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS, 20 min at 2 mA) applied over the contralateral Parietal Operculum (coPO). Results were compared to those obtained in a SHAM group. In agreement with literature, in the SHAM group the activation of the prime mover Flexor Digitorum Superficialis was preceded by an inhibitory APA in Biceps Brachii and Anterior Deltoid, and almost simultaneous to an excitatory APA in Triceps Brachii. The same pattern was observed in both the CATHODAL and ANODAL groups, with no significant tDCS effects on APAs amplitude and timing. Index-finger kinematics were also unchanged. These negative results suggest that the coPO does not disturb the key network governing APAs in index-finger flexion. Since it has been well documented that such APAs share many features with those observed in trunk and limb muscles when performing several other movements, we suggest that coPO may not be crucial to the general APA control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Bolzoni
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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48
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Hesling I, Labache L, Joliot M, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Large-scale plurimodal networks common to listening to, producing and reading word lists: an fMRI study combining task-induced activation and intrinsic connectivity in 144 right-handers. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3075-3094. [PMID: 31494717 PMCID: PMC6875148 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at identifying plurimodal large-scale networks for producing, listening to and reading word lists based on the combined analyses of task-induced activation and resting-state intrinsic connectivity in 144 healthy right-handers. In the first step, we identified the regions in each hemisphere showing joint activation and joint asymmetry during the three tasks. In the left hemisphere, 14 homotopic regions of interest (hROIs) located in the left Rolandic sulcus, precentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, cuneus and inferior supramarginal gyrus (SMG) met this criterion, and 7 hROIs located in the right hemisphere were located in the preSMA, medial superior frontal gyrus, precuneus and superior temporal sulcus (STS). In a second step, we calculated the BOLD temporal correlations across these 21 hROIs at rest and conducted a hierarchical clustering analysis to unravel their network organization. Two networks were identified, including the WORD-LIST_CORE network that aggregated 14 motor, premotor and phonemic areas in the left hemisphere plus the right STS that corresponded to the posterior human voice area (pHVA). The present results revealed that word-list processing is based on left articulatory and storage areas supporting the action-perception cycle common not only to production and listening but also to reading. The inclusion of the right pHVA acting as a prosodic integrative area highlights the importance of prosody in the three modalities and reveals an intertwining across hemispheres between prosodic (pHVA) and phonemic (left SMG) processing. These results are consistent with the motor theory of speech postulating that articulatory gestures are the central motor units on which word perception, production, and reading develop and act together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hesling
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Team 5: GIN Groupe d'imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, CEA-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine-3ème étage, 146 rue Léo-Saignat-CS 61292-Case 28, 33076, Bordeaux CEDEX, France.
| | - L Labache
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, 33405, Talence, France.,INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, CQFD, INRIA, UMR 5251, 33405, Talence, France
| | - M Joliot
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Tzourio-Mazoyer
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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Finkel S, Veit R, Lotze M, Friberg A, Vuust P, Soekadar S, Birbaumer N, Kleber B. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over right somatosensory larynx cortex enhances vocal pitch-regulation in nonsingers. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2174-2187. [PMID: 30666737 PMCID: PMC6865578 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While the significance of auditory cortical regions for the development and maintenance of speech motor coordination is well established, the contribution of somatosensory brain areas to learned vocalizations such as singing is less well understood. To address these mechanisms, we applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol, over right somatosensory larynx cortex (S1) and a nonvocal dorsal S1 control area in participants without singing experience. A pitch-matching singing task was performed before and after iTBS to assess corresponding effects on vocal pitch regulation. When participants could monitor auditory feedback from their own voice during singing (Experiment I), no difference in pitch-matching performance was found between iTBS sessions. However, when auditory feedback was masked with noise (Experiment II), only larynx-S1 iTBS enhanced pitch accuracy (50-250 ms after sound onset) and pitch stability (>250 ms after sound onset until the end). Results indicate that somatosensory feedback plays a dominant role in vocal pitch regulation when acoustic feedback is masked. The acoustic changes moreover suggest that right larynx-S1 stimulation affected the preparation and involuntary regulation of vocal pitch accuracy, and that kinesthetic-proprioceptive processes play a role in the voluntary control of pitch stability in nonsingers. Together, these data provide evidence for a causal involvement of right larynx-S1 in vocal pitch regulation during singing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Finkel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit; Center for Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Anders Friberg
- Department of Speech, Music and HearingKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Surjo Soekadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ)Charité Campus Mitte (CCM)BerlinGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Niels Birbaumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
- Wyss Center for Bio and NeuroengineeringGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Boris Kleber
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Martín-Pérez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Vilar-López R, Verdejo-García A. Hypothalamic Networks in Adolescents With Excess Weight: Stress-Related Connectivity and Associations With Emotional Eating. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:211-220.e5. [PMID: 30738548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents with excess weight are particularly sensitive to stress, which may contribute to the presence of emotional eating behaviors. It is proposed that this may be due to alterations in the connectivity between hypothalamic networks and regions of the "emotional nervous system," involved in the regulation of energy balance and stress processing. However, this remains to be clarified in adolescents with excess weight. METHOD We investigated whole-brain differences in the functional connectivity of the medial and lateral hypothalamus (MH and LH) between adolescents with excess weight (EW, n = 53; mean age = 14.64 years, SD = 1.78) and normal weight (NW, n = 51; mean age = 15.29 years, SD = 1.75) using seed-based resting-state analyses. Then, in a subset of 22 adolescents with EW (mean age = 15.75 years, SD = 1.70) and 32 with NW (mean age = 15.27, SD = 2.03), we explored for group interactions between the MH/LH networks and stress response in the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and emotional eating, assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEB-Q). RESULTS Compared to NW, EW showed higher functional connectivity in the LH-orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum, anterior insula, and in the MH-middle temporal cortex networks. EW also showed lower connectivity in the LH-cerebellum, and in the MH-middle prefrontal, pre-, and postcentral gyri networks. In EW, higher connectivity of the LH-nucleus accumbens and LH-midbrain networks were associated with stress response. Higher connectivity in the LH-midbrain was also associated with a greater presence of emotional eating behaviors in EW. CONCLUSION Adolescents with EW showed functional connectivity alterations within both MH/LH networks. Alterations in the LH network were linked with higher levels of stress response and emotional-driven eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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