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Beddok A, Popovtzer A, Calugaru V, Fontaine M, Shih HA, Thariat J. Proton therapy for primary and recurrent HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2025; 165:107309. [PMID: 40315804 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2025.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
The incidence of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has risen over the past two decades, now accounting for 44-75 % of cases in Europe and the USA. This review synthesized data from PubMed, additional academic sources, and ongoing studies to summarize the potential role of proton therapy (PT) role in treating HPV-related OPSCC. In vitro studies support PT radiosensitization of HPV-positive cells and clinical experiences report high locoregional control (LRC) rates of 88.6-97 % with significantly reduced side effects such as xerostomia by 12.5 % and brain necrosis by 2.3 %, compared to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). A randomized trial (NCT01893307) has also recently provided level 1 evidence showing that PT is non-inferior to IMRT for tumor control while reducing treatment-related toxicities, such as feeding tube dependence (28 % vs. 42 %, p = 0.019) and facilitating better work resumption outcomes (71 % vs. 52 % at 2 years). Despite the success of radiation de-escalation achieving LRC up to 95 %, recent trials indicate potential survival risks when standard treatments are modified. Failure pattern analysis showed that up to 70 % of locoregional recurrences occurred in-field, highlighting the potential role of PT in achieving LRC while minimizing toxicity. PT could also play a role in the reirradiation of recurrent OPSCC, with reported 1-year LRC rates of 71.8-80.8 %, 2-year LRC rates of 72.8-80.3 %, 1-year overall survival (OS) rates of 65.2-81.3 %, 2-year OS rates of 32.7-69 %, and late grade ≥2 toxicities of 11.9-36.3 %. Methodologies improving reRT approaches include dose/volume histogram comparisons, which recommended PT when it resulted in lower predicted toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CRESTIC, Reims, France; PET Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Valentin Calugaru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Therapy Centre, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Marine Fontaine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
| | - Helen A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Mass General Brigham, Proton Therapy Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Centre François Baclesse, Department of Radiation Oncology, Caen, Unicaen, France; ARCHADE (Advanced Resource Center for Hadrontherapy in Europe), Caen, France; Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire IN2P3/ENSICAEN, UMR6534, Unicaen, France
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2
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de Oliveira THA, Anderson LA, Craig SG, Coleman HG, Gheit T, McKay-Chopin S, Jamison J, McManus DT, Cardwell CR, Bingham V, Johnston BT, James JA, Kunzmann AT. Infectious agents and progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a nested case-control study. Br J Cancer 2025; 132:1050-1055. [PMID: 40200065 PMCID: PMC12119926 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-025-03003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A causal role of high-risk HPV in oesophageal adenocarcinoma development has been hypothesised, but longitudinal evidence is limited. This study aims to investigate a potential causal role of infectious agents in the malignant progression of Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS Using a retrospective nested case-control study design, index Barrett's biopsies were retrieved for individuals within the Northern Ireland Barrett's oesophagus register who subsequently progressed to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 150) and matched non-progressors (n = 298). Index Barrett's biopsies were assessed for the presence of 142 infectious agents by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using the Luminex platform. RNA in-situ hybridisation assessed persistent transcriptional activity in subsequent tissue samples, for infectious agents detected more frequently in progressors. RESULTS High-risk HPV genotypes (HPV16 and HPV18) were only identified in the index biopsies of progressors but not non-progressors (4% [5/150] versus 0% [0/298], P = 0.004), though no signs of persistence or transcriptional activity were observed in subsequent tissue. Prevalence of infections did not differ between progressors and non-progressors for any other infectious agents, including Helicobacter Pylori and Herpes. CONCLUSION Despite a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV in progressors than non-progressors, no evidence of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV was observed in subsequent samples, indicating presence in Barrett's is likely non-causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita H A de Oliveira
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom.
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Damian T McManus
- Institute of Pathology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom
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Shankar K, Walker SE. Analysis of divergent gene expression between HPV + and HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2025; 20:31. [PMID: 40400005 PMCID: PMC12096591 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-025-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped virus with a circular double-stranded DNA genome. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, with high-risk types such as HPV-16 and HPV-18 linked to anogenital and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HNSCC includes cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and related regions, caused by carcinogens or persistent viral infections. HPV-positive (HPV+) HNSCC cases are more prevalent in Western countries and exhibit better prognosis and treatment response compared to HPV-negative (HPV-) cases. These differences suggest distinct fundamental differences between each subtype. This study analyzed RNA-seq data from the PanCancer Atlas 2018 dataset to investigate molecular distinctions between HPV + and HPV- HNSCC. Using dimensionality reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), a clear clustering of HPV + cases was observed, suggesting a unique gene expression profile. HPV + tumors exhibited upregulation of genes involved in nucleic acid processing and downregulation of genes associated with apoptosis and epidermis development. These findings underscore the biological differences between HPV + and HPV- HNSCC, offering insights into HPV-driven oncogenesis. Understanding these distinctions may improve patient stratification and inform targeted therapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturika Shankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Sarah E Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Sun F, Colevas AD. Update: Immunotherapeutic Strategies in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Viruses 2025; 17:712. [PMID: 40431723 PMCID: PMC12115775 DOI: 10.3390/v17050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2025] [Revised: 05/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased substantially over the past three decades, and since 2017, it has been recognized in the AJCC staging system as distinct from its HPV-negative counterpart. The underlying mechanisms of HPV-associated carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment, and host immune response represent opportunities for therapeutic development. While anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is now part of standard treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in general, there are no established immunotherapeutic strategies specifically for HPV-related HNSCC. In this context, multiple emerging approaches are being actively studied-among these are therapeutic vaccines with or without anti-PD-(L)1 adjuvants, peptide-HLA-based immunotherapeutic platforms, and adoptive cell therapies including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Beyond further maturation of these novel immunotherapeutic strategies, additional work is needed to delineate the optimal disease state of application (localized versus recurrent/metastatic), as well as in the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting HPV-specific mechanisms of viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Dimitrios Colevas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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Nejat Dehkordi A, Maddahi M, Vafa P, Ebrahimi N, Aref AR. Salivary biomarkers: a promising approach for predicting immunotherapy response in head and neck cancers. Clin Transl Oncol 2025; 27:1887-1920. [PMID: 39377974 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/27/2025]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers, including cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands, and nose, are a significant global health issue. Radiotherapy and surgery are commonly used treatments. However, due to treatment resistance and disease recurrence, new approaches such as immunotherapy are being explored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise, but patient responses vary, necessitating predictive markers to guide appropriate treatment selection. This study investigates the potential of non-invasive biomarkers found in saliva, oral rinses, and tumor-derived exosomes to predict ICI response in head and neck cancer patients. The tumor microenvironment significantly impacts immunotherapy efficacy. Oral biomarkers can provide valuable information on composition, such as immune cell presence and checkpoint expression. Elevated tumor mutation load is also associated with heightened immunogenicity and ICI responsiveness. Furthermore, the oral microbiota may influence treatment outcomes. Current research aims to identify predictive salivary biomarkers. Initial studies indicate that tumor-derived exosomes and miRNAs present in saliva could identify immunosuppressive pathways and predict ICI response. While tissue-based markers like PD-L1 have limitations, combining multiple oral fluid biomarkers could create a robust panel to guide treatment decisions and advance personalized immunotherapy for head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Maddahi
- Faculty of Density, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Parinaz Vafa
- Faculty of Density, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Mass General Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Takhar A, Wilkie MD, Srinivasan D, King E. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary-Who Can Be Offered Surgery as the Sole Treatment Modality? A Systematic Review. Clin Otolaryngol 2025; 50:399-414. [PMID: 39800989 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the role of surgery as the sole treatment modality for patients with cervical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP). DESIGN Systematic review of observational cohort studies with qualitative synthesis. SETTING PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled register of Trials (CENTRAL) were screened from January 2000 up to October 2021. PARTICIPANTS Patients with HNSCCUP after completing diagnostic workup subsequently treated with single-modality surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was 3-year overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), primary emergence, regional recurrence, and distant metastasis. RESULTS Fourteen eligible studies were identified, including 1780 patients, of whom 294 received surgery as their sole treatment (seven studies) with 3-year OS ranging from 43.9% to 100%. 3-year DFS was reported in four studies (n = 62) ranging from 42.8% to 67.0%. 5-year OS and DFS were available in three studies (n = 31), ranging from 36.6% to 75.0%, and 43.6% to 67.0%, respectively. The rate of primary emergence ranged from 11.1% to 33.3% (seven studies, n = 157), regional relapse from 0.0% to 50.0% (five studies, n = 60) and distant metastasis from 0.0% to 3.3% (three studies, n = 45). Patients undergoing surgery as a sole treatment had predominantly p16/HPV positive N1 (TNM7) disease without ECS. CONCLUSION Outcomes for HNSCCUP patients undergoing surgery alone range widely in the literature but may be reasonable in a subset of patients with early-stage p16/HPV positive disease. Data is lacking for p16/HPV negative disease where the potential primary site is more varied and primary emergence appears more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunjit Takhar
- Consultant ENT/Head and Neck Surgeon, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, St George's & Epsom University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Wilkie
- Consultant ENT/Head & Neck Surgeon, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Devraj Srinivasan
- Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Department of Oncology, NHS Lothian, United Kingdom
| | - Emma King
- Consultant ENT/Head and Neck Surgeon, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust. Professor of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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Loth AG, Wild PJ. [Individualization and standardization in head and neck pathology]. HNO 2025:10.1007/s00106-025-01627-y. [PMID: 40237827 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-025-01627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Individualization and standardization are seemingly contradictory requirements in medicine. In the treatment of head and neck cancer, both terms have a direct influence on diagnostic procedures, which are usually carried out in pathology institutes. The current article examines the conflicting requirements arising from various technical analyses, regulatory requirements, structural changes due to digitalization, and the advent of personalized medicine. On the one hand, the goal is to promote interdisciplinary exchange by understanding the challenges and, on the other, to provide the otorhinolaryngologist with a practical understanding of the common and current pathological diagnostic tests. Using pathology as an example, it can be shown that standardization of procedures ultimately serves to improve individualized treatment. At the same time, however, the following challenges are also apparent: despite comprehensive regulations and a laboratory environment with digital support, standardization is very time consuming and costly. If similar standardization approaches are to be implemented in an operative environment such as, e.g., ENT surgery, the effort involved can be expected to be equivalent or higher due to the human factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Loth
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60450, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
| | - Peter J Wild
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie und Humangenetik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
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8
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Marta GN. Is there a link between oral breathing and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma incidence and progression? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2025:1-3. [PMID: 40216562 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2025.2492790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nader Marta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nissi L, Huusko T, Routila J, Vaittinen S, Leivo I, Irjala H, Ventelä S. Added value of HPV-DNA in situ hybridization as an adjunct to p16 Immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2025; 145:340-347. [PMID: 39927721 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2025.2461653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for testing human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The need for additional HPV-DNA testing is debated. AIMS/OBJECTIVES We evaluated the prognostic value of HPV-DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) as an adjunct to p16. MATERIAL AND METHODS A population-based cohort of 1,033 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was used, to identify 124 OPSCC patients treated with a curative intent. RESULTS Of the p16-positive patients, 17.9% did not show evidence for presence of HPV-DNA in ISH. Both p16 and HPV-DNA ISH were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) when used independently. When combining information from p16 IHC and HPV-DNA ISH, survival of the p16+/ISH- discordant patients was intermediate compared to the p16+/ISH+ and p16-/ISH- groups. In the discordant group, smoking was a strong prognostic determinator, with non-smokers having an outstanding prognosis. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Both p16 IHC and HPV-DNA ISH perform well as separate prognostic biomarkers for OS, DSS, and DFS on a population level. However, a discordant group does exist. Limiting HPV-DNA testing for p16-positive patients who smoke by the time of diagnosis may be a cost-efficient and justified solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nissi
- Department of Oncology, and FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Huusko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Routila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Vaittinen
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Gedeonová D, Bianchi C, Štembírek J, Hrdinka M, Chyra Z, Buchtová M, Hurník P, Blažek T, Režnarová J. BRCA1 and BRCA2 as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a minireview. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1528822. [PMID: 40224184 PMCID: PMC11986421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1528822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a subset of head and neck cancers, primarily originates in the epithelial tissues of the oral cavity. Despite advancements in treatment, the mortality rate for OSCC remains around 50%, underscoring the urgent need for improved prognostic markers. This review explores the role of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes-traditionally associated with breast and ovarian cancers-in the context of OSCC. We discuss the molecular pathways involving BRCA genes, their potential as diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers, and their implications for personalized treatment strategies, including addressing chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the significance of genome stability in cancer progression and examines both current and emerging methodologies for detecting BRCA mutations in OSCC patients. Despite limited prevalence of BRCA mutations in OSCC compared to other cancers, their role in DNA repair and therapeutic response underscores their potential as clinical biomarkers. However, standardized, multicenter studies are still needed to validate their utility in OSCC management. A better understanding of the role of BRCA genes in OSCC could pave the way for more effective therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Gedeonová
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Claretta Bianchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Štembírek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Hurník
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Blažek
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jana Režnarová
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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Nam HJ, Ryu H, Lee DW, Byeon JY, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lim S, Choi HJ. Expression rates of p16, p53 in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma based on human-papillomavirus positivity. World J Clin Cases 2025; 13:99463. [PMID: 40144480 PMCID: PMC11670024 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i9.99463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well established, and p16 expression is a strong predictor. HPV-related tumors exhibit unique mechanisms that target p16 and p53 proteins. However, research on HPV prevalence and the combined predictive value of p16 and p53 expression in head and neck cutaneous SCC (HNCSCC), particularly in Asian populations, remains limited. This retrospective study surveyed 62 patients with HNSCC (2011-2020), excluding those with facial warts or other skin cancer. AIM To explore the prevalence of HPV and the predictive value of p16 and p53 expression in HNCSCC in Asian populations. METHODS All patients underwent wide excision and biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining for HPV, p16, and p53 yielded positive and negative results. The relevance of each marker was investigated by categorizing the tumor locations into high-risk and middle-risk zones based on recurrence frequency. RESULTS Of the 62 patients, 20 (32.26%) were male, with an average age of 82.27 years (range 26-103 years). High-risk included 19 cases (30.65%), with the eyelid and lip being the most common sites (five cases, 8.06%). Middle-risk included 43 cases (69.35%), with the cheek being the most common (29 cases, 46.77%). The p16 expression was detected in 24 patients (38.71%), p53 expression in 42 patients (72.58%), and HPV in five patients (8.06%). No significant association was found between p16 expression and the presence of HPV (P > 0.99), with a positive predictive value of 8.33%. CONCLUSION This study revealed that p16, a surrogate HPV marker in oropharyngeal SCC, is not reliable in HNCSCC, providing valuable insights for further research in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jong Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi-si 39371, South Korea
| | - Heongrae Ryu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
| | - Da-Woon Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
| | - Je Yeon Byeon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
| | - Soomin Lim
- Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, University College London, Medical School, London WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom
| | - Hwan Jun Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, South Korea
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Cozzolino I, Ronchi A, Montella M, Ruggiero R, Cappiello R, Savarese G, Colella G, Franco R. Application of Human Papillomavirus-DNA Test on Salivary Gland Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Samples Confirms the Absence of the Virus in Primary Neoplasms and Demonstrates for the First Time Its Presence in Salivary Intraglandular Cysts. Diagn Cytopathol 2025; 53:127-135. [PMID: 39658829 PMCID: PMC11799396 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and salivary gland neoplasms is still controversial. Data in the literature are conflicting, reporting the presence of the HPV-DNA in a significant percentage of cases or none. We investigated the presence of HPV in a series of salivary gland neoplasms using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples to explore its potential oncogenic role in salivary gland tumor development. METHODS The study included 66 salivary gland lesions from 65 patients. For all cases, residual cytological material in the needle hub, once direct smears were obtained, was fixed by rinsing the needle in Cytolyt hemolytic and preservative solution (Hologic Inc. Marlborough, MA 01752 USA). The samples fixed in the Cytolyt hemolytic and preservative solution (Hologic Inc. Marlborough, MA 01752 USA) were centrifuged at 252 g, then the sediment was transferred to the Preservcyt solution and used for the detection of HPV-DNA. RESULTS We found evidence of the presence of HPV in two salivary intraglandular cysts lined by squamous cell epithelium. Furthermore, we also found HPV in three metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) located in the parotid gland. Regarding primary salivary gland tumors, the HPV test produced negative results in all cases. CONCLUSION HPV testing produced negative results in all primary salivary gland tumors, failing to confirm the potential involvement of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors. Instead, the presence of HPV DNA in samples of salivary intraglandular cysts, never reported before, may be an interesting fact, which however requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | | | - Rosaria Cappiello
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | | | - Giuseppe Colella
- Maxillo‐Facial Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental SpecialtyUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaplesItaly
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13
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Hillier B, Waterboer T, Brooks J, Nankivell P, Agarwal R, Abou-Foul AK, Fulton-Lieuw T, Kristunas C, Vorsters A, Parish J, Mehanna H. Efficacy of oral rinse and other detection methods in detecting oral human papillomavirus infections: The Oromouth cohort study. J Infect 2025; 90:106438. [PMID: 39922388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) mediated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence has increased dramatically. Accurate oral HPV prevalence data are essential for assessing population epidemiology, vaccination and screening programmes. As oral rinse is the most commonly used primary outcome measure for estimating oral HPV prevalence, we aimed to compare the efficacy of oral rinse against other detection methods. METHODS The Oromouth study enrolled 945 participants, aged 0-65 years (63% female), undergoing tonsillectomy for non-malignant indications, without OPC diagnoses. Samples from oral rinse, pharyngeal wall, tongue base, tonsil tissue and blood were collected. HPV DNA in oral samples was centrally tested via polymerase chain reaction, and serology samples for HPV antibodies. Statistical analyses assessed prevalence, detection rates and ratios. RESULTS Combining all four oral collection sites, high-risk (HR)-HPV and any HPV prevalence were 4·3% and 18%, respectively. HR-HPV prevalence was similar between males (4·1%) and females (4·5%). Oral rinse had the highest HR-HPV (4·0%) and any HPV detection rates (16%), but still missed 73% (11/15) identified as HR-HPV-positive by other oral sites. Compared to oral rinse alone, an additional 38% (11/29) HR-HPV infections were picked up by the other three oral collection methods. Addition of serology testing did not result in substantial improvement. CONCLUSIONS Of the four oral sites, oral rinse demonstrates the highest detection rates by far but has important limitations. These findings should be taken into consideration when estimating oral HPV infection rates, especially for vaccination studies and screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Hillier
- Biostatistics, Evidence Synthesis, Test Evaluation And Prediction Modelling (BESTEAM), Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jill Brooks
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ridhi Agarwal
- Biostatistics, Evidence Synthesis, Test Evaluation And Prediction Modelling (BESTEAM), Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad K Abou-Foul
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Fulton-Lieuw
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kristunas
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joanna Parish
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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14
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Salem A. Revealing the viral culprits: the hidden role of the oral virome in head and neck cancers. Arch Microbiol 2025; 207:73. [PMID: 40095096 PMCID: PMC11914253 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-025-04270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
The oral viral microbiome (or virome), encompassing a diverse community of viruses within the oral cavity, has emerged as a significant yet underexplored factor in head and neck cancers (HNCs). This review synthesizes recent evidence linking the oral virome to head and neck carcinogenesis, particularly oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas-the most common virus-associated subtypes of HNCs. Beyond pathogenesis, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the oral virome are explored, including non-invasive salivary detection of viral biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, the development of targeted antiviral therapies, and preventive vaccination strategies-exemplified by the success of HPV vaccines in reducing the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including technical limitations, the need for longitudinal studies, and the integration of multi-omics approaches. A comprehensive understanding of the oral virome could revolutionize cancer diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention. Moving forward, collaborative interdisciplinary efforts will be essential to fully leverage virome research for improving HNC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
- Head and Neck Oncobiome Group, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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15
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Gormley M, Adhikari A, Dudding T, Pring M, Hurley K, Macfarlane GJ, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Polesel J, Agudo A, Alemany L, Ahrens W, Healy CM, Conway DI, Canova C, Holcatova I, Richiardi L, Znaor A, Olshan AF, Hung RJ, Liu G, Bratman S, Zhao X, Holt J, Cortez R, Gaborieau V, McKay JD, Waterboer T, Brennan P, Hayes N, Diergaarde B, Virani S. VOYAGER: an international consortium investigating the role of human papilloma virus and genetics in oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk and survival. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2025:2025.02.17.25322399. [PMID: 40034767 PMCID: PMC11875266 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.17.25322399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer globally. Incidence and survival rates vary significantly across geographic regions and tumor subsites. This is partly due to differences in risk factor exposure, which includes tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, alongside detection and treatment strategies. The VOYAGER (human papillomaVirus, Oral and oropharYngeal cAncer GEnomic Research) consortium is a collaboration between five large North American and European studies which generated data on 10,530 participants (7,233 cases and 3,297 controls). The primary goal of the collaboration was to improve understing of the role of HPV and genetic factors in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer risk and outcome. Demographic and clinical data collected by the five studies were harmonized, and HPV status was determined for the majority of cases. In addition, 999 tumors were sequenced to define somatic mutations. These activities generated a comprehensive biomedical resource that can be utilized to answer critical outsting research questions to help improve HNC prevention, early detection, treatment, and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gormley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Adhikari
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - T Dudding
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Pring
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - K Hurley
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - G J Macfarlane
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - P Lagiou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - A Lagiou
- School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Greece
| | - J Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Italy
| | - A Agudo
- Nutrition and Cancer Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Alemany
- Infections and Cancer Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP CB06/02/0073), Madrid, Spain
| | - W Ahrens
- Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Germany
| | - C M Healy
- School of Dental Science, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Irel
| | - D I Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - C Canova
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova, Italy
| | - I Holcatova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Richiardi
- Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention in Piemonte, Italy
| | - A Znaor
- Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France
| | - A F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, US
| | - R J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Canada
| | - S Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - J Holt
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - R Cortez
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - V Gaborieau
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J D McKay
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - T Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - N Hayes
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - B Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, US
| | - S Virani
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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16
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Lenoci D, Serafini MS, Lucchetta M, Cavalieri S, Brakenhoff RH, Hoebers F, Scheckenbach K, Poli T, Licitra L, De Cecco L. Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures: Prognostic Role in HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:530. [PMID: 39941896 PMCID: PMC11817470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), prognostic models and treatment strategies remain inadequate, particularly for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The rising incidence of HPV-positive OPSCC highlights an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death, has gained attention for its role in cancer progression, but its potential as a prognostic and therapeutic target in HPV-positive OPSCC remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the role of ferroptosis in HPV-positive OPSCC, aiming to identify prognostic markers and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies that could improve patient outcomes. METHODS Thirteen ferroptosis gene expression signatures were retrieved from the literature, and their performance and association to the immune microenvironment were validated on a meta-analysis of 267 HPV-positive cases (Metanalysis-HPV267) and 286 samples from the BD2Decide project (BD2-HPV286). RESULTS Our analysis revealed that specific ferroptosis-related gene expression signatures, particularly FER3, FER4, FER6, and FER12, are significantly associated (p-value < 0.05) with high-risk patient groups and adverse tumor microenvironment features, including suppressed immune activity and enhanced stromal involvement. Elevated expression of CAV1, a ferroptosis suppressor, further delineates high-risk profiles. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the prognostic significance of ferroptosis in stratifying patients and identifying those with poorer clinical outcomes. Targeting ferroptosis pathways represents a novel and promising approach to addressing the unmet need for effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies in HPV-positive OPSCC. Future research should focus on translating these findings into clinical applications to advance precision oncology and improve outcomes for this growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lenoci
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.L.); (M.S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Mara Serena Serafini
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.L.); (M.S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta Lucchetta
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.L.); (M.S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Tito Poli
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma-University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.L.); (M.S.S.); (M.L.)
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17
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Ayo-Ajibola OO, Koh M, Julien C, Davis RJ, Lin ME, Kim J, Mack WJ, Kwon DI. Temporal Trends in Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Following Expanded Vaccination Eligibility. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2025; 172:517-530. [PMID: 39497449 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant driver of elevated risk for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In 2018, HPV vaccination eligibility was expanded to men and women aged 27 to 45. We evaluated changes in awareness of HPV, its association with OPSCC, and HPV vaccination among all US adults between 2018 and 2020, focusing on those aged 27 to 45. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey cycles. SETTING The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). METHODS The HINTS, a nationally representative survey of US adults, was queried. A total of 3504 adults in 2018 and 3865 adults in 2020 were assessed for knowledge of HPV, its vaccine, its association with OPSCC, and changes in awareness between 2018 and 2020. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Most respondents were aware of HPV (2018: 60.8%; 2020: 64.8%) and its vaccine (2018: 60.8%; 2020: 61.6%). A significant decrease in awareness of the association between HPV and cervical cancer was seen between 2018 and 2020 (75.0% vs 70.2%, P = .028). Knowledge of HPV+ OPSCC was poor and did not change over time (2018: 27.0%, 2020: 29.5%). Statistically significant increases in HPV awareness between 2018 and 2020 were found for individuals who reported completing high school as their highest level of education (P = .009), Caucasians (P = .013), males (P = .024), and those making more than $200,000 annually (P = .022). CONCLUSION Knowledge of the association between HPV and OPSCC remained poor despite expanded vaccine eligibility. Public health education on the association may increase awareness for groups likely to benefit from vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Koh
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Catherine Julien
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan J Davis
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Lin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel I Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Janio EA, Walker C, Steere E, Seaman AT, Askelson N, Pagedar NA. A Qualitative Study of Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccine Recommendation in Otolaryngology Clinics. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2025; 10:e70085. [PMID: 39840027 PMCID: PMC11748211 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.70085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancers has increased such that they are now the most prevalent HPV-related cancer. In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the indication for Gardasil-9 to include the prevention of oropharyngeal and other head and neck cancers caused by selected HPV types, but uptake remains low. Otolaryngology office interactions may provide opportunities to increase uptake, given the relevance of HPV to clinical practice. This study explored the feasibility of recommending HPV vaccination in otolaryngology clinics. Methods Participants were recruited between February to June of 2022 from the alumni of the residency and fellowship training programs at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Participant interviews comprised open-ended questions pertaining to otolaryngologists' attitudes toward HPV vaccination recommendation. Interview recordings were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes. Results Participants were willing to respond if patients asked about the HPV vaccine, although a common attitude toward vaccine discussions was that they were a pediatrician's responsibility. One barrier to recommending HPV vaccination was providers' concern that discussing the vaccine when not directly relevant to the patient's chief complaint could result in patient frustration. Nevertheless, participants endorsed the feasibility of discussing the vaccine during follow-up visits after the patient's needs had been addressed or via the distribution of educational materials to patients. Conclusion Otolaryngologists do not currently identify recommending HPV vaccine uptake as their clinical responsibility. While such recommendations may not be feasible in every patient encounter, there could be a role for this in the appropriate clinical scenario. These findings can be used to inform interventions aimed at recommending the vaccine in otolaryngology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Janio
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Cori Walker
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - Aaron T. Seaman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Natoshia Askelson
- Department of Community and Behavioral HealthUniversity of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Nitin A. Pagedar
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
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19
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Tengku S, FitzGerald A, Lim AE, Montgomery J. Socioeconomic Inequality in the Head and Neck Cancer Referral System: Redressing the Balance. Clin Otolaryngol 2025; 50:68-74. [PMID: 39327766 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic deprivation is a known risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite this, there is no current way to acknowledge this in two-week wait (2WW) referrals. 2WW HNC referrals have continually risen, and a self-reporting questionnaire was trialled with referrals to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department with suspected HNC, allowing additional triage information not included in referrals to be obtained. METHODS Patients referred through the 2WW pathway for HNC between February 2021 and March 2022 were asked to complete an electronic self-reporting symptom questionnaire. The vetting process resulted in the referral being accepted or regraded to less urgent referral streams. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles were derived using the online postcode checker tool. RESULTS A total of 984 2WW referrals were retrospectively reviewed. The questionnaire was completed by 717 (72.9%) patients. Regrading of urgency resulted in 292 (29.7%) 2WW appointments not required. Of those regraded, 264 (90.4%) patients completed the questionnaire. A significantly greater number of patients (p = 0.03) from SIMD 4 and SIMD 5 were regraded (33.3%) compared to SIMD 1 and SIMD 2 (26.4%). Patients who did not complete the questionnaire had a higher median age (61.0 years, range: 17-96, IQR: 25.0) compared to those who completed the questionnaire (56.0 years, range: 17-88, IQR: 23.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A self-reported symptom questionnaire can help rebalance urgent appointments to those with genuine red flag symptoms. This in turn reduces social inequality in 2WW referrals and reduces the number of inappropriate 2WW appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tengku
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aislinn FitzGerald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison E Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jenny Montgomery
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Sherief P A, Madhavan Nair L, Ravikumar R, Sara George P, Cessal Thommachan K, Rafi M, S L, Anantharaman D, M RP, Ramadas K. Prevalence of HPV Positivity and the Correlation Between P16INK4A Expression and HPV DNA Positivity in Carcinoma Oropharynx and Their Correlation With Survival Outcomes: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Cancer Centre in South India. Cureus 2025; 17:e77162. [PMID: 39925561 PMCID: PMC11806965 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.77162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing worldwide. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now a well-recognised risk factor for oropharyngeal cancers. However, the information regarding the prevalence and outcome of HPV-related OPSCC is sparse in India. The study was conducted to identify the frequency of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer and also to study the treatment response and survival according to HPV positivity and p16INK4A expression. Materials and methods The study sample consists of 100 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of histologically proven OPSCC patients who had undergone treatment at a tertiary cancer centre in Kerala, India, from January 2010 to December 2012. The patients' medical records were examined to obtain demographic data, information on habits, and clinical, histopathological, and treatment information. Follow-up information on disease status and vital status was collected until May 2023. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of these patients were collected from the archives of the Division of Pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify p16 expression. HPV DNA was isolated from the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis and results Survival curves were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. The influence of p16 status and HPV DNA positivity on survival and recurrence was assessed using Cox regression. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal malignancy and their paraffin-embedded blocks were used for the present study. p16 IHC was invalid for three patients, and 16 patients had invalid HPV DNA. Two patients were excluded from survival analysis because they had both invalid HPV DNA and p16 expression. A total of 98 patients were included in the analysis. Out of 98 samples assessed, 47 tested positive for p16 expression, 48 were negative, and three showed invalid results. Among the 98 patients, HPV DNA results were available for 82 patients. HPV DNA positivity was reported in 25 patients, and 57 samples were HPV negative. There was no significant correlation between p16 expression and HPV status. The median follow-up was 134 months (1-160 months). The five-year overall survival (OS) probability was 42.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.49-56.71) and 51.2% (95% CI 35.92-66.48), respectively, for p16-negative and p16-positive tumours (p=0.689). The corresponding figures for five-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 49.0% (95% CI 34.7-63.3) and 51.9% (95% CI 36.62-67.18), p=0.959. The five-year OS for HPV DNA-negative tumours was 45.5% (95% CI 32-59.02) compared to 49.1% (95% CI 28.72-69.48) in HPV DNA-positive tumours. There was an absolute difference of 20% in five-year OS between double-positive and double-negative tumours. Conclusion This study demonstrated a p16 positivity rate of 49.47% and an HPV DNA positivity rate of 30.37%. However, only 15.18% of cases showed double positivity. No significant correlation was observed between p16 expression and HPV status. Double positivity (p16 and HPV positive) was associated with better OS and DFS compared to double-negative (p16 and HPV negative) and single-positive (either p16 positive or HPV positive) cases. This subgroup of patients might benefit from potential de-escalation strategies and should be the target population for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Sherief P
- Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | | | | | - Preethi Sara George
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | | | - Malu Rafi
- Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Lakshmi S
- Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | | | | | - Kunnambath Ramadas
- Radiation Oncology, Clinical Operations and Allied Services, Karkinos Healthcare, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
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21
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Sethi S. Defining the Molecular Intricacies of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Tonsillar Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2025; 32:10732748241310932. [PMID: 40331509 PMCID: PMC12062609 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241310932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe past decade has shown a sharp incline in the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated oropharyngeal carcinoma cases, especially in men younger than 60 years old. Tonsils are one of the key sites, within the oropharyngeal region, which shows malignant changes due to HPV infection, and there is very limited literature to understand the specific dynamics in the tonsillar areas.ObjectiveThis critical review was undertaken to explore and unravel the bio-molecular interactions and the role of specific proteins associated with HPV infection induced tumorigenesis for the tonsils.DesignA systematic search of the literature was performed utilising keywords and MeSH terms related to HPV and tonsillar carcinoma in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science without restrictions on dates until July 2023. All studies that reported on molecular biomarkers or genes/genetic proteins in the context of HPV associated tonsillar carcinoma were included in the study.ResultsPreliminary searches revealed a total of 2734 studies of which 23 satisfied the final inclusion criteria and were included. More than 25 proteins and biomarkers were identified, and their role in the malignant process was extracted and compiled. This review also presents a short excerpt on each of the molecules identified to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis.ConclusionGiven the rapidly increasing number of cases, there is an urgent need for more focused research on virally induced tonsillar cancers, to develop a better understanding, and for clarity of management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sethi
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Bollen H, Dok R, De Keyzer F, Deschuymer S, Laenen A, Devos J, Vandecaveye V, Nuyts S. Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Status in Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:4284. [PMID: 39766182 PMCID: PMC11674353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16244284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the differences in quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI parameters in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC) based on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status before and during radiotherapy (RT). METHODS Echo planar DW sequences acquired before and during (chemo)radiotherapy (CRT) of 178 patients with histologically proven OPC were prospectively analyzed. The volumetric region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and 105 DW-MRI radiomic parameters were extracted. Change in ADC values (Δ ADC) was calculated as the difference between baseline and during RT at week 4, normalized by the baseline values. RESULTS Pre-treatment first-order 10th percentile ADC and Gray Level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-correlation were significantly lower in HPV-positive compared with HPV-negative tumors (82.4 × 10-5 mm2/s vs. 90.3 × 10-5 mm2/s, p = 0.03 and 0.18 vs. 0.30, p < 0.01). In the fourth week of RT, all first-order ADC values were significantly higher in HPV-positive tumors (p < 0.01). Δ ADC mean was significantly higher for the HPV-positive compared with the HPV-negative OPC group (95% vs. 55%, p < 0.01). A predictive model for HPV status based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, GLCM correlation, and mean ADC and 10th percentile ADC values yielded an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential of DW-MR imaging as a non-invasive biomarker for the prediction of HPV status, although its current role remains supplementary to pathological confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Bollen
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Keyzer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deschuymer
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Center, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Devos
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Gupta N, Yumnam G, Sharma C, Patel A, Sharma R, Dev S, Ghadage M. Relationship among Tobacco Habits, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection, p53 Polymorphism/Mutation, and the Risk of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S3424-S3426. [PMID: 39926754 PMCID: PMC11805158 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_903_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial malignancy influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Tobacco habits, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and p53 polymorphisms or mutations have been implicated in its etiology. Understanding their interplay can provide insights into OSCC risk assessment. Materials and Methods A case-control study was conducted among 300 OSCC patients and 300 age- and sex-matched controls. Data on tobacco use (smoking and smokeless), HPV infection status (detected via PCR), and p53 polymorphism/mutation (analyzed by sequencing) were collected. Statistical analysis included logistic regression to assess the associations and interactions among these variables. Results Among OSCC cases, 75% were tobacco users compared to 35% in controls. HPV prevalence was significantly higher in OSCC cases (30%) than controls (5%). P53 mutations were identified in 40% of OSCC cases compared to 10% in controls. Logistic regression revealed synergistic effects between tobacco use and HPV infection (OR 5.2, 95% CI 3.0-9.0) and additive effects with p53 mutations (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.0-6.0). Conclusion Tobacco habits, HPV infection, and p53 polymorphisms/mutations independently and synergistically contribute to the risk of OSCC. Strategies focusing on tobacco cessation, HPV vaccination, and genetic screening may help mitigate OSCC risk in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gargi Yumnam
- Department of Paediatrics and Preventive Dentistry (tutor), Dental College, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Avani Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ripudaman Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sachin Dev
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, PDM University, Kherka Musalman, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh Ghadage
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Kaderly Rasmussen EL, Lindquist S, Baandrup L, Hansen T, Munk C, Frederiksen K, Kjær SK. Human papillomavirus-associated cancers, precancers, and genital warts in Denmark, 2000-2022 - Current burden of disease and population impact of multi-cohort HPV vaccination. Prev Med 2024; 189:108165. [PMID: 39528151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present incidence trends of cancer and precancer at human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated sites, and genital warts, including the current burden of HPV-associated disease in Denmark, a country with multi-cohort HPV vaccination. METHOD Cases were identified from high-quality nationwide registries (2000-2022). The age-specific incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated according to sex and calendar year. The current burden (2020-2022) of HPV-associated disease was estimated as the average annual number of each lesion multiplied by the disease-specific HPV-attributable fraction. RESULTS ASRs of cervical precancer and genital warts declined markedly in the post-HPV vaccination period - for genital warts corresponding to an EAPC of -13.7 % (-15.0;-12.4)(women) and -8.8 % (-9.4;-8.2)(men), respectively. ASRs of HPV-associated cancer sites increased continuously in men (EAPC: 2.8 % (2.2;3.5)), and the same was observed for non-cervical HPV-associated cancer sites in women (EAPC: 2.5 % (2.0;3.0)). Cervical cancer, however, decreased in the post-HPV vaccination period (EAPC: -2.7 % (-3.8;-1.5)). Age-specific incidence rates of HPV-associated cancer sites decreased slightly in younger women and were stable in younger men, while incidence rates in older men approached or even surpassed that of older women. Data on the current burden showed that cervical precancer and genital warts are still the major contributors to HPV-associated disease, and oropharyngeal cancer now accounts for more annual cases on a population level than cervical cancer. CONCLUSION Danish data show decreased incidence of cervical lesions and genital warts in the post-vaccine era. Despite population impact of HPV vaccination, HPV-associated disease remains a public health issue and increasingly among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Kaderly Rasmussen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Sofie Lindquist
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Louise Baandrup
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Tatiana Hansen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Christian Munk
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Unit of Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Susanne K Kjær
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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Gonçalves MWA, de Lima-Souza RA, Ribeiro-de-Assis MCF, Cattan MES, Egal ESA, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Prognostic implications across histological subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An update. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 126:102149. [PMID: 39547576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, arising from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and sinuses. In addition to the conventional morphologic pattern characterized by the degree of cellular atypia and squamous differentiation, HNSCC is classified into eight histopathologic subtypes: basaloid, spindle cell, adenosquamous, cuniculatum, verrucous, lymphoepithelial, papillary, and acantholytic. METHODS This review provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the prognostic implications of the histological subtypes of HNSCC. RESULTS Although there is extensive literature on HNSCC, few studies specifically focus on the treatment and prognosis of its histopathologic subtypes. Among these subtypes, verrucous squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma cuniculatum generally have a favorable prognosis, while others, such as basaloid and spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma, tend to follow a more aggressive clinical course. CONCLUSION In this review, we delve into the histopathological subtypes of HNSCC and explore their clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic findings. Further molecular investigations aimed at identifying targeted therapies for these subtypes are necessary. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize the emerging histopathological variants documented in the literature, considering the ongoing limitations in prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Falcão Ribeiro-de-Assis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Elias Schempf Cattan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nikkilä R, Hirvonen E, Haapaniemi A, Pitkäniemi J, Malila N, Mäkitie A. Second primary cancers in patients with a pharyngeal index tumour: a register-based cohort study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1380. [PMID: 39529021 PMCID: PMC11552418 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-13103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While prior research on the SPC (second primary cancer) risk among pharyngeal carcinoma (PC) patients has been conducted in other regions, the European perspective is underrepresented. Our register-based cohort study aims to assess the subsite-specific risk of SPC among individuals initially diagnosed with a pharyngeal index tumour. METHODS Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of SPC were calculated relative to the general population for all patients diagnosed with a primary oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma (OPC, NPC, and HPC) in Finland during 1953-2021. RESULTS A total of 4701 PC patients - 3320 men (71%) and 1381 women (29%) - were identified. The average and median follow-up times were 5.7 and 2.8 years, respectively. A SPC was diagnosed in 561 patients (11.9%): in 12.3% of men (n = 410) and 10.9% of women (n = 151). For male PC patients, the overall SIR for an SPC at any primary site was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.65-2.01). For female patients, the corresponding SIR was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.60-2.22). OPC and HPC showed increased risks for SPCs of the mouth/pharynx (SIR 4.41 and 6.91, respectively) and respiratory organs (SIR 3.51 and 4.80). OPC patients also had an increased risk in digestive organs (SIR 1.83). Male NPC patients exhibited increased risks for oral/pharyngeal, brain, and haematolymphoid SPCs (SIRs 5.14, 6.60, and 3.05, respectively). CONCLUSION PC patients face an 80% higher SPC risk, which persists decades after treatment. Healthcare professionals must be aware of this, providing counselling and encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including smoking cessation, while monitoring symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Nikkilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Lahti Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Elli Hirvonen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaro Haapaniemi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland.
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tirelli G, Zucchini S, D'Alessandro A, Polesel J, Giudici F, Marcuzzo AV, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Gardenal N. Transoral non-robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104504. [PMID: 39293289 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the clinical, oncological, and functional outcomes of transoral non-robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 131 patients with surgically treated OPSCC (2010-2022) were analyzed. Patients who underwent exclusively transoral surgery were included in the study. The surgeries were performed under microscopic or endoscopic guidance and either a CO2 laser or an ultrasound/radiofrequency scalpel was used as a cutting instrument, depending on the characteristics and location of the tumor. Functional outcomes were assessed in terms of length of hospital stay, tracheostomy rate, duration of feeding tube dependency and complications. Survival outcomes were assessed in terms of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS Of 74 included patients, transoral surgery demonstrated safety with no major complications. Tracheotomy was performed in 51.4 % of cases, and was maintained for a median of 10 days. Complete swallowing recovery was restored in 97.3 % of cases, after a median of 5 days. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days. At 5 years, OS was 68.2 %, PFS was 58.2 % and DSS was 83.6 %. CONCLUSION The study confirms the safety and efficacy of a transoral approach for OPSCC. Having the capability to utilize and access a variety of tools provides the opportunity to tailor the technique to the individual patient and specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Zucchini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Alessandro
- SS ORL San Vito al Tagliamento - Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, Via Savorgnano 2, 33078 San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vito Marcuzzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gardenal
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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von Buchwald C, Jakobsen KK, Carlander ALF, Tous S, Grønhøj C, Rasmussen JH, Brooks J, Taberna M, Mena M, Morey F, Bruni L, Batis N, Brakenhoff RH, René Leemans C, Jong RJBD, Klussmann JP, Wuerdemann N, Wagner S, Dalianis T, Marklund L, Mirghani H, Schache A, James JA, Huang SH, O'Sullivan B, Nankivell P, Broglie MA, Hoffmann M, Quabius ES, Anderson LA, Craig SG, Alemany L, Mehanna H. TNM 8 staging system beyond p16: Double HPV/p16 status is superior to p16 alone in predicting outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2024; 211:114329. [PMID: 39293346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assessment of p16INK4a (p16) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been incorporated into tumor classification, as p16 has been shown to impact survival probability. However, a recent study demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV) status in addition to p16 may have a better discriminatory effect on survival probability. This study aims to determine the impact of combined evaluation of p16 and HPV on prognosis. METHODS This was a multicenter, multinational analysis including retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients treated for primary OPSCC with curative intent, based on the data of the HNCIG-EPIC study. The primary outcome was to determine how the combined assessment of HPV and p16 status predicts prognosis of patients with OPSCC compared to p16 assessment alone. We employed multivariable analyses models to compute hazard ratios regarding survival. Analyses were stratified by stage, smoking status, and sub-anatomical region. RESULTS The study included 7654 patients, with approximately half of the tumors being p16-negative (50.3 %, n = 3849). A total of 9.2 % of patients had discordant p16 and HPV status (n = 704). HPV status significantly impacted overall survival and disease-free survival regardless of p16 status and across both UICC 8th stage I-II and III-IVb cancers. p16-positive/HPV-positive OPSCC patients exhibited the best survival probability. CONCLUSION The detection of HPV had a significant impact on survival probability for OPSCC patients with both p16-positive and p16-negative tumors. HPV testing should be integrated in cancer staging, especially in regions of low attributable fraction, alongside p16 evaluation to ensure a comprehensive assessment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda-Louise Fenger Carlander
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Tous
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Grønhøj
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob H Rasmussen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jill Brooks
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miren Taberna
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Mena
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Morey
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bruni
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Batis
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Wuerdemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung and Skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Oto-Rhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haïtham Mirghani
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrew Schache
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jaqueline A James
- Regional Molecular Diagnostic Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martina A Broglie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Regional Molecular Diagnostic Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laia Alemany
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lin ME, Ayo-Ajibola O, Davis R, Gallagher TJ, Castellanos CX, West JD, Nurimba M, Kokot NC, Chambers T. Knowledge of HPV vaccination and associated HNC and treatment decision-making among minority populations. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104458. [PMID: 39116721 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand vaccination knowledge and barriers to vaccination among minority adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Otolaryngology clinics at a safety net hospital and a tertiary academic center and a head and neck cancer screening event. METHODS Survey was administered to consenting patients. Descriptive statistics and significance testing were used to characterize the data, with non-minority respondents as controls. Multivariate logistic regression was used to understand factors associated with vaccination. RESULTS HPV vaccination among our 241 respondents (n = 41, 17.67 %) and their qualifying children (n = 52, 33.55 %) was low. Non-vaccinated minorities were significantly more likely to express interest in HPV vaccination (28.66 % vs 8.66 %, p = 0.016). Minority patients were significantly less knowledgeable about HPV causing cervical (88.64 % vs 72.45 %, p = 0.024) and head and neck (68.18 % vs 44.90 %, p = 0.005) cancer and were also less aware of HPV infection (95.45 % vs 81.12 %, p = 0.020) among non-women. Lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine was the most cited reason why minority patients did not or were uninterested in vaccination for themselves or their children. In a multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with HPV vaccination, only increased age demonstrated a significant association with vaccination likelihood (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI = [0.88-0.95], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Reported HPV vaccination rates were low for both white and minority patients but did not significantly vary on univariate or multivariate analysis. However, minority respondents were significantly less knowledgeable about HPV and its manifestations; they most often cited inadequate knowledge as why did not receive or were uninterested in HPV vaccination. As such, HPV vaccination educational interventions may raise vaccination rates among minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Lin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ryan Davis
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler J Gallagher
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos X Castellanos
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D West
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck, School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Nurimba
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck, School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niels C Kokot
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck, School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Chambers
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck, School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lin ME, Ayo‐Ajibola O, Castellanos CX, West JD, Luu N, Kokot NC. Evaluating HPV Vaccination-Related Content on a Burgeoning Social Media Platform: Insufficient Quality of TikTok. OTO Open 2024; 8:e70052. [PMID: 39678371 PMCID: PMC11646545 DOI: 10.1002/oto2.70052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Assessing the quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination-related content on TikTok is crucial due to its popularity among adolescents. We assessed these videos while comparing the content and quality of videos with and without physician involvement. Study Design Cross-sectional cohort analysis. Setting HPV vaccination-related TikTok videos. Methods The TikTok library was queried using the search terms #HPVvaccine, #HPVvaccination, #Gardasil, #Gardasilvaccine, and #Gardasilvaccination. Video quality was evaluated using the DISCERN scale, assessing treatment-related information quality. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our cohort. t Test and Fischer's exact test were used to assess for differences in video content and quality based on physician involvement. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Our search yielded 131 videos, averaging 68,503.12 views, 2314.27 likes, and 89.28 comments per video. Videos frequently involved physicians (48.09%), focused on education (54.96%) or advocacy (22.90%), and were US-made (68.90%). Otolaryngologists were rarely featured (3.17%). While most videos mentioned the HPV vaccine protected against cancer generally (86.26%), and cervical cancer specifically (67.94%), few discussed its protective effect against head and neck cancer (26.72%). Videos infrequently discussed updated eligibility among all adults ≤45 years of age (26.72%) or that men can also receive the vaccine (28.24%). Physician-involved videos were more focused on education (P < .001) and focused less on patient experiences (P < .001) and advocacy (P = .036). Overall DISCERN scores were low among physician (mean = 2.46, SD = 1.13) and nonphysician (mean = 2.09, SD = 1.02) content. Conclusion TikTok HPV vaccination content is poor in quality, even with physician involvement. Enhancing content quality and increasing otolaryngologist participation can boost HPV awareness and vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Lin
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Carlos X. Castellanos
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. West
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Neil Luu
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Niels C. Kokot
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Escobar-Domingo MJ, Bustos VP, Mahmoud AA, Kim EJ, Miller AS, Foppiani JA, Alvarez AH, Lin SJ, Lee BT. The Impact of Race and Ethnicity in Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction Postoperative Outcomes: A Nationwide Data Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:1952-1957. [PMID: 39418505 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic disparities have been extensively reported across surgical specialties, highlighting existing healthcare inequities. Nevertheless, evidence is lacking regarding their influence on postoperative outcomes after head and neck reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of race and ethnicity on postoperative complications in head and neck microvascular reconstruction. METHODS The ACS-NSQIP database was used to identify patients who underwent head and neck microvascular reconstruction between 2012 and 2022. Baseline characteristics were compared based on race (White, non-White) and ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic). Group differences were assessed using t tests and Fisher Exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate postoperative complications between the groups. A Cochran-Armitage test was conducted to evaluate the significance of trends over time. RESULTS A total of 11,373 patients met inclusion criteria. Among them, 9,082 participants reported race, and 9,428 reported ethnicity. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that Hispanic patients were more likely to experience 30-day readmission (OR 6.7; 95% CI, 1.17-38.4; P=0.032) and had an average total length of stay of 5.25 days longer (95% CI, 0.84-9.65; P=0.020) compared with non-Hispanic patients. Additional subgroup analyses revealed higher rates of all readmissions among non-White patients, particularly those indicated by malignancy (OR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4; P=0.002). No significant differences were found in mortality, reoperation rates, and operative times between racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that ethnicity may be a significant risk factor for readmission in head and neck microvascular reconstruction. However, future studies are needed to further clarify the impact of race and ethnicity on longer postoperative outcomes, particularly in head and neck cancer minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Escobar-Domingo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Refaey MS, Abosalem EF, Yasser El-Basyouni R, Elsheriri SE, Elbehary SH, Fayed MAA. Exploring the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and their active principles in dental care: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37641. [PMID: 39318809 PMCID: PMC11420497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the human population realized how important it was to maintain overall health and the weight of disease, they have been looking for therapeutic qualities in natural environments. The use of plants having medicinal qualities for the treatment and prevention of illnesses that may have an impact on general health is known as herbal medicine. There has been a noticeable increase in interest lately in the combination of synthetic contemporary medications and traditional herbal remedies. About 80 % of people rely on it for healthcare, particularly in developing nations. One important aspect of overall health is said to be oral healthcare. The World Health Organization views oral health as a crucial component of overall health and well-being. Because they are more readily available, less expensive, and have fewer adverse effects than pharmaceutical treatments, using natural medicines to treat pathologic oro-dental disorders can make sense. The current evaluation of the literature sought to investigate the range and scope of the use of herbal products and their secondary metabolites in maintaining oral health, encompassing several oral healthcare domains such as halitosis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and other oral disorders. Therefore, there are many herbs discussed in this work and their mechanism in the treatment and improvement of many oral ailments. Besides, compounds that are useful in oral treatment with their natural sources and the cases where they can be used. To prevent any possible side effects or drug interactions, a doctor's consultation is necessary before using dental medicine. Although herbal therapy is safe and with minimum side effects, it is also strongly advised to do a more thorough preclinical and clinical evaluation before using herbal medicines officially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Esraa Fawzy Abosalem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Rana Yasser El-Basyouni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Shymaa E Elsheriri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sara Hassan Elbehary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Kijowska J, Grzegorczyk J, Gliwa K, Jędras A, Sitarz M. Epidemiology, Diagnostics, and Therapy of Oral Cancer-Update Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3156. [PMID: 39335128 PMCID: PMC11430737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity and lip cancers are the 16th most common cancer in the world. It is widely known that a lack of public knowledge about precancerous lesions, oral cancer symptoms, and risk factors leads to diagnostic delay and therefore a lower survival rate. Risk factors, which include drinking alcohol, smoking, HPV infection, a pro-inflammatory factor-rich diet, and poor oral hygiene, must be known and avoided by the general population. Regular clinical oral examinations should be enriched in an oral cancer search protocol for the most common symptoms, which are summarized in this review. Moreover, new diagnostic methods, some of which are already available (vital tissue staining, optical imaging, oral cytology, salivary biomarkers, artificial intelligence, colposcopy, and spectroscopy), and newly researched techniques increase the likelihood of stopping the pathological process at a precancerous stage. Well-established oral cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) are continuously being developed using novel technologies, increasing their success rate. Additionally, new techniques are being researched. This review presents a novel glance at oral cancer-its current classification and epidemiology-and will provide new insights into the development of new diagnostic methods and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kijowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Grzegorczyk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gliwa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jędras
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Brooks JM, Zheng Y, Hunter K, Willcox BE, Dunn J, Nankivell P, Gevaert O, Mehanna H. Digital Spatial Profiling identifies distinct patterns of immuno-oncology-related gene expression within oropharyngeal tumours in relation to HPV and p16 status. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1428741. [PMID: 39328208 PMCID: PMC11424609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1428741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing, due mainly to a rise in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-mediated disease. HPV-mediated OPC has significantly better prognosis compared with HPV-negative OPC, stimulating interest in treatment de-intensification approaches to reduce long-term sequelae. Routine clinical testing frequently utilises immunohistochemistry to detect upregulation of p16 as a surrogate marker of HPV-mediation. However, this does not detect discordant p16-/HPV+ cases and incorrectly assigns p16+/HPV- cases, which, given their inferior prognosis compared to p16+/HPV+, may have important clinical implications. The biology underlying poorer prognosis of p16/HPV discordant OPC requires exploration. Methods GeoMx digital spatial profiling was used to compare the expression patterns of selected immuno-oncology-related genes/gene families (n=73) within the tumour and stromal compartments of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded OPC tumour tissues (n=12) representing the three subgroups, p16+/HPV+, p16+/HPV- and p16-/HPV-. Results Keratin (multi KRT) and HIF1A, a key regulator of hypoxia adaptation, were upregulated in both p16+/HPV- and p16-/HPV- tumours relative to p16+/HPV+. Several genes associated with tumour cell proliferation and survival (CCND1, AKT1 and CD44) were more highly expressed in p16-/HPV- tumours relative to p16+/HPV+. Conversely, multiple genes with potential roles in anti-tumour immune responses (immune cell recruitment/trafficking, antigen processing and presentation), such as CXCL9, CXCL10, ITGB2, PSMB10, CD74, HLA-DRB and B2M, were more highly expressed in the tumour and stromal compartments of p16+/HPV+ OPC versus p16-/HPV- and p16+/HPV-. CXCL9 was the only gene showing significant differential expression between p16+/HPV- and p16-/HPV- tumours being upregulated within the stromal compartment of the former. Conclusions In terms of immune-oncology-related gene expression, discordant p16+/HPV- OPCs are much more closely aligned with p16-/HPV-OPCs and quite distinct from p16+/HPV+ tumours. This is consistent with previously described prognostic patterns (p16+/HPV+ >> p16+/HPV- > p16-/HPV-) and underlines the need for dual p16 and HPV testing to guide clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Brooks
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanning Zheng
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Benjamin E. Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ji T, Liu Y, Li Y, Li C, Han Y. Viral vector-based therapeutic HPV vaccines. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:199. [PMID: 39196444 PMCID: PMC11358221 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Replication-defective viral vector vaccines have several advantages over conventional subunit vaccines, including potent antibody responses, cellular responses critical for eliminating pathogen-infected cells, and the induction of highly immunogenic and durable immune responses without adjuvants. The Human papillomavirus (HPV), a microorganism with over 200 genotypes, plays a crucial role in inducing human tumors, with the majority of HPV-related malignancies expressing HPV proteins. Tumors associated with HPV infection, most of which result from HPV16 infection, include those affecting the cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, and oropharynx. In recent years, the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines utilizing viral vectors for the treatment of premalignant lesions or tumors caused by HPV infection has experienced rapid growth, with numerous research pipelines currently underway. Simultaneously, screening for optimal antigens requires more basic research and more optimized methods. In terms of preclinical research, we present the various models used to assess vaccine efficacy, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further, we present current research status of therapeutic vaccines using HPV viral vectors, especially the indications, initial efficacy, combination drugs, etc. In general, this paper summarizes current viral vector therapeutic HPV vaccines in terms of HPV infection, antigen selection, vectors, efficacy evaluation, and progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchuan Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutong Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanfen Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sanwick AM, Chaple IF. Targeted radionuclide therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1445191. [PMID: 39239273 PMCID: PMC11374632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of head and neck cancer that is aggressive, difficult to treat, and often associated with poor prognosis. HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, highlighting the need to develop novel treatments for this disease. The current standard of care for HNSCC usually involves a combination of surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is notorious for its detrimental side effects including nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and more. Radiation therapy can be a challenge due to the anatomy of the head and neck area and presence of normal tissues. In addition to the drawbacks of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, high morbidity and mortality rates for HNSCC highlight the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a possible treatment option for cancers including HNSCC, in which monoclonal antibodies are used to help the immune system fight disease. Combining monoclonal antibodies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, such as cetuximab and pembrolizumab, with radiotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic HNSCC is an accepted first-line therapy. Targeted radionuclide therapy can potentially be used in conjunction with the first-line therapy, or as an additional treatment option, to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Epidermal growth factor receptor is a known molecular target for HNSCC; however, other targets such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, programmed cell death protein 1, and programmed death-ligand 1 are emerging molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC. To develop successful radiopharmaceuticals, it is imperative to first understand the molecular biology of the disease of interest. For cancer, this understanding often means detection and characterization of molecular targets, such as cell surface receptors, that can be used as sensitive targeting agents. The goal of this review article is to explore molecular targets for HNSCC and dissect previously conducted research in nuclear medicine and provide a possible path forward for the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals used in targeted radionuclide therapy for HNSCC, which has been underexplored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Sanwick
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ivis F Chaple
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Campo F, Iocca O, Paolini F, Manciocco V, Moretto S, De Virgilio A, Moretti C, Vidiri A, Venuti A, Bossi P, Blandino G, Pellini R. The landscape of circulating tumor HPV DNA and TTMV-HPVDNA for surveillance of HPV-oropharyngeal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:215. [PMID: 39095868 PMCID: PMC11297591 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancers of the oropharynx are rapidly increasing in incidence and may soon represent the majority of all head and neck cancers. Improved monitoring and surveillance methods are thus an urgent need in public health. MAIN TEXT The goal is to highlight the current potential and limitations of liquid biopsy through a meta analytic study on ctHPVDNA and TTMV-HPVDNA. It was performed a Literature search on articles published until December 2023 using three different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies that evaluated post-treatment ctHPVDNA and TTMV-HPVDNA in patients with HPV + OPSCC, studies reporting complete data on the diagnostic accuracy in recurrence, or in which the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives was extractable, and methods of detection of viral DNA clearly defined. The meta-analysis was conducted following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ctHPVDNA and TTMV by ddPCR to define its efficacy in clinical setting for the follow up of HPV-OPSCC. CONCLUSION The 12 studies included in the meta-analysis provided a total of 1311 patients for the analysis (398 valuated with ctHPVDNA and 913 with TTMV-HPVDNA). Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 86% (95% CI: 78%-91%) and 96% (95% CI: 91%-99%), respectively; negative and positive likelihood ratios were 0.072 (95% CI: 0.057-0.093) and 24.7 (95% CI: 6.5-93.2), respectively; pooled DOR was 371.66 (95% CI: 179.1-918). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67-0.91). Liquid biopsy for the identification of cell free DNA might identify earlier recurrence in HPV + OPSCC patients. At the present time, liquid biopsy protocol needs to be standardized and liquid biopsy cannot yet be used in clinical setting. In the future, a multidimensional integrated approach which links multiple clinical, radiological, and laboratory data will contribute to obtain the best follow-up strategies for the follow-up of HPV-OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Campo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy.
| | - Oreste Iocca
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgical Science Department, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolini
- HPV- Unit, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
- Deparment of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Manciocco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Silvia Moretto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Moretti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Antonello Vidiri
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV- Unit, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20072, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
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Chen J, Zhang X, Yan S, Li X, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li F, Song M. Transoral Robotic Surgery and Human Papillomavirus Infection: Impact on Oropharyngeal Cancer Prognosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4455. [PMID: 39124727 PMCID: PMC11313069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) remains significant, with a rising prevalence of HPV-positive (HPV+) cases, underscoring the growing importance of appropriate treatment approaches for this condition. While HPV+ OPC typically exhibits a more favorable prognosis than HPV-negative (HPV-) OPC, certain HPV+ OPC patients still face adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of TORS versus traditional surgery in treating OPC patients and investigate the prognostic implications of specific variants in the HPV genome. Methods: The clinical information, including pathological features, treatments, and outcomes (death), of 135 OPC patients treated with traditional surgery from 2008 to 2018 (the non-TORS group) and 130 OPC patients treated with TORS from 2017 to 2021 (the TORS group) were obtained from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). A comparative analysis of 3-year overall survival (OS) was performed between these two groups. Furthermore, we conducted next-generation sequencing for the HPV16 genome of the 68 HPV+ OPC cases to characterize single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the HPV16 genome and evaluate its association with HPV+ OPC patient survival. Results: The comparative analysis of 3-year OS between the two groups (TORS vs. non-TORS) revealed a significant prognostic improvement in the TORS group for OPC patients with a T1-T2 classification (89.3% vs. 72.0%; p = 1.1 × 10-2), stages I-II (92.1% vs. 82.2%; p = 4.6 × 10-2), and stages III-IV (82.8% vs. 62.2%; p = 5.7 × 10-2) and for HPV- patients (85.5% vs. 33.3%; p < 1.0 × 10-6). Furthermore, three SNVs (SNV1339A>G, SNV1950A>C, and SNV4298A>G) in the HPV16 genome were identified as being associated with worse survival. These SNVs could alter protein interactions and weaken the binding affinity for MHC-II, promoting viral amplification and immune evasion. Conclusions: TORS exhibited a superior prognosis to traditional surgery in OPC patients. Additionally, identifying specific SNVs within the HPV16 genome provided potential prognostic markers for HPV+ OPC. These significant findings hold clinical relevance for treatment decision-making and prognostic assessment in patients with OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shida Yan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Menghua Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiting Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
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Fekrazad S, Mohebbi E, Mehravar S, Mortaja M, Teymouri F, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, Rezaei N, Zendehdel K, Shirkhoda M. Allergies and risk of head and neck cancer: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15006. [PMID: 38951583 PMCID: PMC11217420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between allergies and cancer has been investigated extensively, the role of allergies in head and neck cancer (HNC) appears less consistent. It is unclear whether allergies can independently influence the risk of HNC in the presence of substantial environmental risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarettes. This study aims to find this association. We examined the relationship between allergies and HNC risk in a hospital-based case-control study with 300 cases and 375 matched controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, controlling for age, sex, tobacco smoking and opium usage history, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status. Our study showed a significant reduction in the risk of HNC associated with allergy symptoms after adjusting for confounders. The risk of HNC was greatly reduced among those with any type of allergy (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28, 0.65). The ORs were considerably reduced by 58-88% for different kinds of allergies. The risk of HNC reduction was higher in allergic women than in allergic men (71% vs. 49%). Allergies play an influential role in the risk of HNC development. Future studies investigating immune biomarkers, including cytokine profiles and genetic polymorphisms, are necessary to further delineate the relationship between allergies and HNC. Understanding the relationship between allergies and HNC may help to devise effective strategies to reduce and treat HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Fekrazad
- Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sepideh Mehravar
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mortaja
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Teymouri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran.
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Ayo-Ajibola O, Davis RJ, Lin ME, West JD, Kokot NC, Chambers T. Associations Between Risk Perception and HPV Knowledge and Vaccine Uptake: Highlighting the LGBTQ+ Population. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1684-1695. [PMID: 38327242 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gay and bisexual males and other LGBTQ+ communities are more frequently exposed to factors associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition. Vaccination is critical to protect against HPV+ head and neck cancer (HNC). We characterized the association of perceived level of risk of contraction with HPV knowledge, and vaccine decision-making. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort. SETTING LGBTQ and general survey Reddit forums (control). METHODS A survey was shared amongst the online forums. Descriptive statistics characterized the data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to understand factors associated with vaccination, self-perceived high risk, and knowledge of HPV + HNC. RESULTS Of 718 respondents, most were female (41.09%), Caucasian (59.89%), college-educated (33.01%), and insured (77.15%) with a mean age of 30.75 years. Half were vaccinated (49.16%), with most unvaccinated endorsing interest (60.58%). Few dependents were vaccinated (25.91%), with interest in vaccination among parents of unvaccinated children (38.58%). Knowledge of HIV's association with HPV (62.95%), HPV causing HNC (55.57%), and the vaccine's efficacy against HNC (55.57%) was also moderate. Identifying female (P = .042), a self-perceived high-risk (P < .001), and having vaccinated children (P < .001) increased vaccination likelihood; transgender (P = .021), or lesbian or gay sexual identity (P < .001) decreased likelihood. Personal HNC diagnosis (P < .001), self-vaccination (P < .001), having vaccinated children (P < .001), having anal sex (P = .001) or no knowledge of past HPV status (P < .001) increased likelihood of high self-perceived risk. CONCLUSION Efforts to improve public education regarding the association between HPV and HNC and vaccination efficacy are required to better inform vaccine decision-making among individuals at risk for HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Davis
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Lin
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D West
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Niels C Kokot
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tamara Chambers
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Iyizoba-Ebozue Z, Nicklin E, Price J, Prestwich R, Brown S, Hall E, Lilley J, Lowe M, Thomson DJ, Slevin F, Murray L, Boele F. "Why am I still suffering?": Experience of long-term fatigue and neurocognitive changes in oropharyngeal cancer survivors following (chemo)radiotherapy. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2024; 30:100241. [PMID: 38510557 PMCID: PMC10951087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2024.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Late effects of cancer treatment, such as neurocognitive deficits and fatigue, can be debilitating. Other than head and neck-specific functional deficits such as impairments in swallowing and speech, little is known about survivorship after oropharyngeal cancer. This study examines the lived experience of fatigue and neurocognitive deficits in survivors of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer and impact on their daily lives. Methods This work is part of the multicentre mixed method ROC-oN study (Radiotherapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer and impact on Neurocognition), evaluating fatigue and neurocognitive function in patients following radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer and impact on quality of life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in adults treated with radiotherapy (+/-chemotherapy) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma >/=24 months from completing treatment. Reflexive thematic analysis performed. Results 21 interviews (11 men and 10 women; median age 58 years and median time post-treatment 5 years) were conducted and analysed, yielding six themes: (1) unexpected burden of fatigue, (2) noticing changes in neurocognitive function, (3) the new normal, (4) navigating changes, (5)insufficient awareness and (6)required support. Participants described fatigue that persisted beyond the acute post-treatment period and changes in neurocognitive abilities across several domains. Paid and unpaid work, emotions and mood were impacted. Participants described navigating the new normal by adopting self-management strategies and accepting external support. They reported lack of recognition of these late effects, being poorly informed and being unprepared. Follow-up services were thought to be inadequate. Conclusions Fatigue and neurocognitive impairment were frequently experienced by survivors of oropharyngeal cancer, at least two years after treatment. Patients felt ill-prepared for these late sequelae, highlighting opportunities for improvement of patient information and support services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Nicklin
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James Price
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robin Prestwich
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research
| | - Emma Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - John Lilley
- Department of Radiotherapy Physics, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Lowe
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Thomson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Finbar Slevin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Florien Boele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Tran NH, Sais D, Tran N. Advances in human papillomavirus detection and molecular understanding in head and neck cancers: Implications for clinical management. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29746. [PMID: 38884391 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs), primarily head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), notably HPV16 and HPV18. HPV status guides treatment and predicts outcomes, with distinct molecular pathways in HPV-driven HNSCC influencing survival rates. HNC incidence is rising globally, with regional variations reflecting diverse risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, and HPV infection. Oropharyngeal cancers attributed to HPV have significantly increased, particularly in regions like the United States. The HPV16 genome, characterized by oncoproteins E6 and E7, disrupts crucial cell cycle regulators, including tumor protein p53 (TP53) and retinoblastoma (Rb), contributing to HNSCC pathogenesis. P16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a reliable surrogate marker for HPV16 positivity, while in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, notably reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), offer sensitive HPV detection. Liquid-based RT-qPCR, especially in saliva, shows promise for noninvasive HPV detection, offering simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance. These molecular advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient outcomes in HNC management. In conclusion, advances in HPV detection and molecular understanding have significant clinical management implications. Integrating these advancements into routine practice could ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Ha Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dayna Sais
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nham Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mehanna H, Alemany L, von Buchwald C. Advances in testing for human papillomavirus -mediated head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:143-146. [PMID: 38506408 PMCID: PMC10990024 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New evidence has recently emerged regarding the utility and benefits of dual p16 INKa (p16) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) status testing when determining the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HPV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most accurate diagnostic test. The other assays (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA/RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) and p16) applied to formalin fixed tumour tissue have varying but high sensitivities and specificities. Dual p16 and HPV testing identifies discordant (p16+/HPV- or p16-/HPV+) results in 9.2% of cases, who have significantly poorer prognoses than p16+/HPV+, particularly in smokers. The proportion of discordant cases varies by region, and appears to be highest in regions with lowest attributable (p16+/HPV+) fractions. Dual testing improves prognostication for oropharyngeal cancer cases by identifying discordant cases and improving the prognostic power of the Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) classification, especially in regions with high discordant rates. SUMMARY Dual testing is essential when considering patients for clinical trials of treatment de-escalation, and may be important when counselling patients on prognosis, especially in regions with high discordant rates and in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laia Alemany
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d’Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shpilman Z, Kidane D. Dysregulation of base excision repair factors associated with low tumor immunogenicity in head and neck cancer: implication for immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241248330. [PMID: 38680291 PMCID: PMC11047243 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241248330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by different exogenous risk factors including smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Base excision repair (BER) is the frontline to repair oxidative DNA damage, which is initiated by the DNA N-glycosylase proteins (OGG1) and other BER factors including DNA polymerase β (POLB). Objective Explore whether BER genes' (OGG1, POLB) overexpression in HNSCC alters genomic integrity, immunogenicity, and its role in prognostic value. Design RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical information (age, gender, histological grade, survival status, and stage) of 530 patients of HNSCC were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Patients' data are categorized HPV positive or negative to analyze the tumor data including the tumor stage, POLB, and OGG1 gene expression. Methods RNA-Seq of HNSCC data retrieved and mutation count and aneuploidy score were compared using an unpaired t-test. The TIMER algorithm was used to calculate the tumor abundance of six infiltrating immune cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells) based on RNA-Seq expression profile data. The correlation between the POLB, OGG1, and immune cells was calculated by Spearman correlation analysis using TIMER 2.0. Results Our data analysis reveals that BER genes frequently overexpressed in HNSCC tumors and increase mutation count. In addition, OGG1 and POLB overexpression are associated with low infiltration of immune cells, low immune checkpoint gene expression (PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, program death ligand 1, and program death ligand 2), and innate immune signaling genes. Furthermore, dysregulated BER factors in Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors had better overall survival. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that dysregulation of the BER genes panel might be a potential prognosis marker and/or an attractive target for an immune checkpoint blockade in HNSCC cancers. However, our observation still requires further experimental-based scientific validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary Shpilman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, Northwestern Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Talani C, Högmo A, Laurell G, Mäkitie A, Farnebo L. Six-month mortality has decreased for patients with curative treatment intent for head and neck cancer in Sweden. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296534. [PMID: 38625920 PMCID: PMC11020944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, survival outcomes for patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) has improved over recent decades. However, mortality within six months after diagnosis for curative patients remains at approximately 5%. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for early death among patients with curative treatment, and furthermore, to analyze whether the risk of early death changed over recent years. MATERIAL AND METHOD This real-world, population-based, nationwide study from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) included all patients ≥18 years diagnosed with HNC with a curative treatment intent at the multidisciplinary tumor board from 2008 to 2020. A total of 16,786 patients were included. RESULTS During the study period a total of 618 (3.7%) patients with curative-intended treatment died within six months of diagnosis. Patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 had a six-month mortality rate of 4.7% compared to 2.5% for patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2020, indicating a risk reduction of 53% (p <0.001) for death within six months. The mean time to radiation therapy from diagnosis in the 2008-2012 cohort was 38 days, compared to 22 days for the 2017-2020 cohort, (p <0.001). The mean time to surgery from diagnosis was 22 days in 2008-2012, compared to 15 days for the 2017-2020 cohort, (p <0.001). Females had a 20% lower risk of dying within six months compared to males (p = 0.013). For every year older the patient was at diagnosis, a 4.8% (p <0.001) higher risk of dying within six months was observed. Patients with a WHO score of 1 had approximately 2.4-times greater risk of early death compared to WHO 0 patients (p <0.001). The risk of early death among WHO 4 patients was almost 28 times higher than for WHO 0 patients (p <0.001). Patients with a hypopharyngeal tumor site had a 2.5-fold higher risk of dying within six months from diagnosis compared to oropharyngeal tumor patients (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that the risk of early death decreased significantly from 2008 to 2020. During this period, the mean time to the start of treatment was significantly reduced both for surgery and oncological treatment regimes. Among patients with a curative treatment intention, increased risk of early death was associated with male sex, older age, advanced disease, increased WHO score, and a hypopharyngeal tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbél Talani
- Division of Sensory Organs and Communication, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Region Östergötland Anesthetics, Operations, and Specialty Surgery Center, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Högmo
- Regional Cancer Center Western Sweden, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lovisa Farnebo
- Division of Sensory Organs and Communication, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Region Östergötland Anesthetics, Operations, and Specialty Surgery Center, Linköping, Sweden
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Thamm C, McCarthy AL, Yates P. A Discourse of Deviance: Blame, Shame, Stigma and the Social Construction of Head and Neck Cancer. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:398-410. [PMID: 38019709 PMCID: PMC10996294 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231213819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck is a confronting condition, as the disease and its treatments alter the appearance and function of body organs associated with physical appearance and identity. Many of the risk factors for head and neck cancers, including tobacco, alcohol, and human papilloma virus, can also have significant negative social and moral permutations. Language and action (discourse) plays an important role in constructing disease and illness and shape the way it is managed, both institutionally and socially. This research used a critical constructionist lens to investigate how the common discourses surrounding head and neck cancer are constructed within the healthcare context and how this influences patients and healthcare professionals' responses to the illness. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field noting, journaling and literature reviews. Analysis was guided by a three-dimensional approach to critical discourse analysis that investigated text, discursive practices, and social context. The overarching finding was that deviance dominates the common discourse and shapes head and neck cancer and responses to it. Deviance is channelled through metaphors, adjectives, descriptors, and collective nouns and is made overt through labelling, avoidance, blaming, shame, and categorization. Discourse is contextualized by a sociocultural understanding that when someone deviates from what is perceived as normal, they are devalued. Open dialogue and reflection on head and neck cancer discourse could enable better understanding of how people experience their condition and inform more supportive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Thamm
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Patsy Yates
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kumai T, Shinomiya H, Shibata H, Takahashi H, Kishikawa T, Okada R, Fujieda S, Sakashita M. Translational research in head and neck cancer: Molecular and immunological updates. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:391-400. [PMID: 37640594 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis. Each year, approximately 880,000 patients are newly diagnosed with HNSCC worldwide, and 450,000 patients with HNSCC die. Risk factors for developing HNSCC have been identified, with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and viral infections being the major factors. Owing to the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, the number of HNSCC cases is increasing considerably. Surgery and chemoradiotherapy are the primary treatments for HNSCC. With advancements in tumor biology, patients are eligible for novel treatment modalities, namely targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Because this area of research has rapidly progressed, clinicians should understand the basic biology of HNSCC to choose an appropriate therapy in the upcoming era of personalized medicine. This review summarized recent developments in tumor biology, focusing on epidemiology, genetic/epigenetic factors, the tumor microenvironment, microbiota, immunity, and photoimmunotherapy in HNSCC, as well as how these findings can be translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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Felipe Carvajal V, Felipe Cardemil M, Vásquez BP, Oliva CE, Barría TA, Bruna MA, Moyano LA, Bustos FA, Muñoz PA, Araya CF, Oyarzún JE, Villa EA, Floriano FA, Del Rio AJ, Indo SR, Castellón EA, Contreras HR. Epidemiological and clinical description of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology referral hospital in Chile. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1685. [PMID: 38566759 PMCID: PMC10984838 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) has presented an increase worldwide, a fact that occurs along with a phenomenon of epidemiological transition, whose pathogenesis is linked to human papilloma virus (HPV) in a significant part of the cases. Published evidence at the Latin American level is scarce. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology reference centre in Chile. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with histological confirmation of OPSCC aged 18 years or older, referred to the National Cancer Institute of Chile between 2012 and 2023 were included. The association with HPV was determined by immunohistochemistry for p16. Results 178 patients were analysed, most of them in locoregionally advanced stages involving the palatine tonsil. Seventy-seven percent were male, with a median age of 60 years. Sixty-seven percent of patients were positive for p16, with a progressive increase to 85% in the last 2 years of the study. The p16(+) patients were younger and had fewer classical risk factors. Primary treatment was radiotherapy in 94% of patients. Conclusion The epidemiological profile of patients with OPSCC treated in a Chilean public oncology referral centre reflects the epidemiological transition observed in developed countries. This change justifies the need to adapt health policies and conduct research that considers the characteristics of this new epidemiological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Felipe Carvajal
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital Base Valdivia, Los Ríos 5090145, Chile
- Department of Basic Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - M Felipe Cardemil
- Department of Basic Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Beatriz P Vásquez
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Carolina E Oliva
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Basic Clinical Oncovirology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7591047, Chile
| | - Tamra A Barría
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Clínica Las Condes, Región Metropolitana 7500922, Chile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital del Salvador, Región Metropolitana 8380453, Chile
| | - Maribel A Bruna
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Leonor A Moyano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Felipe A Bustos
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Especialidades Médicas (CDIEM), Santiago 7500859, Chile
| | - Paola A Muñoz
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 3460001, Chile
| | - Cristóbal F Araya
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clínica Alemana, Región Metropolitana 7650568, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jorge E Oyarzún
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital Base Valdivia, Los Ríos 5090145, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Villa
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Federico A Floriano
- Management Information Area, Medical Subdirectorate of Institutional Development, National Cancer Institute, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Alexis J Del Rio
- School of Medical Technology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Sebastián R Indo
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellón
- Department of Basic Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Héctor R Contreras
- Department of Basic Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Xue H, Sun Q, Zhang H, Huang H, Xue H. Disulfidptosis features and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: unveiling and validating the prognostic signature across cohorts. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:156. [PMID: 38526631 PMCID: PMC10963584 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant health concern with a variable global incidence and is linked to regional lifestyle factors and HPV infections. Despite treatment advances, patient prognosis remains variable, necessitating an understanding of its molecular mechanisms and the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers. METHODS We analyzed 959 HNSCC samples and employed batch correction to obtain consistent transcriptomic data across cohorts. We examined 79 disulfidptosis-related genes to determine consensus clusters and utilized high-throughput sequencing to identify genetic heterogeneity within tumors. We established a disulfidptosis prognostic signature (DSPS) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and developed a prognostic nomogram integrating the DSPS with clinical factors. Personalized chemotherapy prediction was performed using the "pRRophetic" R package. RESULTS Batch corrections were used to harmonize gene expression data, revealing two distinct disulfidptosis subtypes, C1 and C2, with differential gene expression and survival outcomes. Subtype C1, characterized by increased expression of the MYH family genes ACTB, ACTN2, and FLNC, had a mortality rate of 48.4%, while subtype C2 had a mortality rate of 38.7% (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.633-0.934, P = 0.008). LASSO regression identified 15 genes that composed the DSPS prognostic model, which independently predicted survival (HR = 2.055, 95% CI: 1.420-2.975, P < 0.001). The prognostic nomogram, which included the DSPS, age, and tumor stage, predicted survival with AUC values of 0.686, 0.704, and 0.789 at 3, 5, and 8 years, respectively, indicating strong predictive capability. In the external validation cohort (cohort B), the DSPS successfully identified patients at greater risk, with worse overall survival outcomes in the high-DSPS subgroup (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17-2.023, P = 0.002) and AUC values of 0.601, 0.644, 0.636, and 0.748 at 3, 5, 8, and 10 years, respectively, confirming the model's robustness. CONCLUSION The DSPS provides a robust prognostic tool for HNSCC, underscoring the complexity of this disease and the potential for tailored treatment strategies. This study highlights the importance of molecular signatures in oncology, offering a step toward personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes in HNSCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qianyu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Heqing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hanxiao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Haowei Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Vani NV, Rama R, Madhanagopal R, Vijayalakshmi R, Swaminathan R. Human Papillomavirus-Attributable Head and Neck Cancers in India-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300464. [PMID: 38513185 PMCID: PMC10965205 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck cancer accounts for about one third of the global burden in India. Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized as a contributory risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) but its prevalence in Indian patients is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV in HNC in India and their attributable fraction by considering the biomarkers of carcinogenesis, p16, and HPV E6/E7 mRNA. METHODS A systematic literature search was done in Medline via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Cochrane to identify studies on HPV and HNC in the Indian population, published between January 1990 and October 2022. Fifty-four eligible studies were identified and relevant clinical information was collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA, p16INK4a, and E6/E7 mRNA percent positivity by random-effect logistic regression model using Metapreg, STATA 18. RESULTS Thirty-four high-quality studies were taken for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HPV in HNC was 20% (95% CI, 12 to 32) with a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 90.79%). The proportion of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC; 22% [95% CI, 13 to 34]) and laryngeal cancer (LC; 29% [95% CI, 17 to 46]) was higher than in oral cancer (OC; 16% [95% CI, 8 to 30]). The HPV-attributable fraction of OPC, considering the E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positivity, was 12.54% and 9.68%, respectively, almost similar to LC (11.6% and 9.57%), while it was much lower in OC (3.36% and 4%). CONCLUSION The HPV-attributable fraction is considerably lower for OC, suggesting a negligible causative role of HPV in OC. A significant proportion of OPC and LC are attributed to HPV; however, their exact causative role is unclear because of the presence of other known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranganathan Rama
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Rajendran Madhanagopal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | | | - Rajaraman Swaminathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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