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Li J, Qu L, Sun X, Liu Y, Gong Q, Yu D, Zhang D, Jiang J, Chen J, Wei D, Han Y, Gao Y, Zhang Q, She W, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang X. Peg-interferon alpha add-on Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate achieved more HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B naïve patients. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1381-1391. [PMID: 34228855 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have showed that combining peg-interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) with nucleotide analogues has complementary effects in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but the optimal regimen and potential mechanisms remain unclear. This was a prospective, longitudinal and multicentre clinical trial (NCT03013556). HBeAg-positive CHB naïve patients were randomly assigned to three groups: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy for 96 weeks, TDF alone for 48 weeks and sequentially Peg-IFNα added for 48 weeks, TDF de novo combination with Peg-IFNα for 48 weeks then TDF alone for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was HBeAg seroconversion at week 96 and HBsAg loss as the secondary endpoint. Furthermore, the levels of 12 cytokines in serum were assessed at different time points. A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis. The rates of HBeAg seroconversion at 96 weeks were not significant different among the three groups (p = 0.157). Interestingly, patients in the Peg-IFNα add-on group showed markedly lower HBsAg level compared with the other two groups at week 96. In addition, only three patients in the Peg-IFNα add-on group achieved HBsAg loss. For the following 24 weeks from week 96, no HBsAg reappearance in the three patients and no new patients with HBsAg loss were observed in the three groups. Serum cytokine analysis showed that the baseline level of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) was strongly higher in HBeAg conversion patients and HBsAg loss patients. Compared with de novo combination and TDF alone, the addition of Peg-IFNα in TDF-treated group might be an effective strategy for HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive CHB naïve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Demin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiehong Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin She
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Talaat RM, Elsharnoby S, Abdelkhalek MS, El-Shenawy SZ, Elmasry S. The Impact of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ-Inducible Protein 10 (IP-10) Genes' Polymorphism on Risk of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Liver Cirrhosis. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:688-704. [PMID: 33445993 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1869251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Today there is increasing evidence concerning the association between individual genetic polymorphisms within proinflammatory cytokines and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) severity. It has been demonstrated that polymorphisms in some genes may significantly predict HCV infected patients' susceptibility to developing liver cirrhosis or their responsiveness to the treatment.Aim: We investigated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Interferon (IFN-γ) and Interferon Gamma-Inducible Protein 10 (IP-10) genes on cirrhosis risk in HCV-infected patients and their association with response to various direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs).Methods: IFN-γ (+874T/A, +2109A/G) and IP-10 (-135G/A, -1447A/G) genotypes were determined in 175 CHC Egyptian HCV patients (69 liver cirrhotic and 106 non-cirrhotic patients) using either single-stranded polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) or Restriction fragment length-PCR (RFLP-PCR) methods.Results: IFN-γ + 874 TA, IP-10 - 135AA, and IP-10 - 1447AA and IP-10 - 1447GG genotypes are increased in patients developing liver cirrhosis compared to non-cirrhotic ones. Although, no statistical significance in their distribution was demonstrated, indicating the lack of association between these SNPs and liver cirrhosis susceptibility in HCV-infected patients. Haplotypes analysis between different loci on all selected genes showed a significant increase in AGGA and TAGA and a significant decrease in TGGA haplotypes in cirrhotic patients. Genotype frequencies at loci -135 and -1447 of IP-10 appeared to be in complete Linkage disequilibrium (LD) (D' = 0.999, r2 = 0.689).Conclusion: Our data support the concept that IFN-γ and IP-10 gene polymorphisms are not predictors of disease progression among Egyptian patients with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba M Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Elsharnoby
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdelkhalek
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Soha Z El-Shenawy
- Biochemistry Department, National Liver Institute (NLI), Menoufiya University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Samir Elmasry
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt
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Juárez-Vicuña Y, Pérez-Ramos J, Adalid-Peralta L, Sánchez F, Springall R, Villaseñor-Jasso J, Sixtos-Alonso MS, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Márquez-Velasco R, Bojalil R, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sánchez-Muñoz F. The presence of IFL3/4 rs12979860 C allele influences the in vitro IP-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 29:482-489. [PMID: 32122227 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320909429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the IFNL3/4 rs12979860 genotype may influence serum levels or production of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Sixty-six patients with SLE and 22 healthy blood donors (controls) were included. The IFNL3/4 rs12979860 polymorphism was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. IP-10 levels in sera supernatants of IFNα stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by enzime-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Allelic frequencies were CC (29%), CT (52%) and TT (20%) in SLE, and CC (32%), CT (41%) and TT (27%) in healthy controls. Median serum IP-10 levels were higher in SLE patients than in controls (190.8 versus 118.1 pg/ml; p < 0.001), particularly in those with high disease activity (278.5 versus 177.2 pg/ml; p = 0.037). However, serum IP-10 levels were not influenced by IFNL3/4 genotypes. Higher IP-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found in both SLE patients (median 519.3 versus 207.6 pg/ml; p = 0.012) and controls (median 454.0 versus 201.7 pg/ml; p = 0.034) carrying the IFNL3/4 C allele compared with carriers of the T allele. CONCLUSIONS Although IFNL3/4 rs12979860 allele C does not appear to influence serum IP-10 levels in SLE, it plays an important role in the production of IP-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after IFNα stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Juárez-Vicuña
- Doctorate Program in Health and Biological Sciences (Programa del Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Pérez-Ramos
- Department of Biological Systems, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Adalid-Peralta
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflammation in Neurological Pathologies, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Sánchez
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Springall
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Villaseñor-Jasso
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M S Sixtos-Alonso
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Ballinas-Verdugo
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Márquez-Velasco
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L M Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Mazzi V, Colaci M, Giuggioli D, Ferri C, Antonelli A. Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5878960. [PMID: 31485460 PMCID: PMC6702819 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5878960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and "chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection" (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Neesgaard B, Ruhwald M, Weis N. Inducible protein-10 as a predictive marker of antiviral hepatitis C treatment: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:677-688. [PMID: 28588752 PMCID: PMC5437612 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i14.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate interferon-γ-inducible protein-10’s (IP-10) potential to anticipate rapid (RVR)- and sustained virological responses (SVR) to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment.
METHODS We included case series examining RVR or SVR in relation to 24 or 48 wk treatment for CHC, in patients treatment free for at least six months, with genotype 1 or 4, and in relation to 24 wk treatment for genotype 2 and 3, with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. Patients had to have both a baseline IP-10 level as well as a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA determination 4 wk after treatment initiation or 24 wk after end of treatment. Studies including patients with liver diseases other than CHC, human immunodeficiency virus-infection, treatment with immunosuppresents or cytostatica, alcohol dependency or active intravenous drug-use were excluded. We found 81 articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion. Their quality were assesed using an 18 point checklist for case series, developed using a modified Delphi technique. Information was extracted from the articles, and no raw data was requisitioned. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (reg. number: CRD42014008736).
RESULTS Three studies reported on baseline IP-10 level in association with RVR. A signigficant association was found for HCV genotype 1 infection by two studies. Only two studies reported on HCV genotype 4 infected and genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, respectively. A trend was seen for an association between RVR and baseline IP-10 for genotype 4, while no association was found for genotype 2 and 3. Seven studies provided information regarding baseline IP-10 and SVR. Following the pattern regarding rapid virological response all five studies examining SVR in relation to baseline IP-10 levels for HCV, genotype 1 infected patients showed a significant association. Likewise a significant association was seen for HCV, genotype 4 infected, while no association was found for HCV, genotype 2 and 3 infected. Though only two studies examined the assosiation for HCV genotype 4 infected and HCV genotype 2 and 3 infected respectively.
CONCLUSION We found indications of a possible association between baseline IP-10 level and virological responses in patients with CHC genotype 1 and 4.
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Dai CY. Further refining individualized therapy with peginterferon alfa/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Health Management Center; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, and Lipid Science and Aging Research Center; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Zhang M, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Peng M, Peng F, Gong G. Differences in IP‑10, TLR4 and IRF5/3 between SVR and non‑SVR HCV‑1 patients treated with PEG‑IFN and ribavirin. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2318-2324. [PMID: 28259968 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate alterations in Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and interferon‑γ‑inducible protein‑10 (IP‑10), and evaluate whether these factors may be associated with a sustained virological response (SVR) among patients with hepatitis C virus genotype‑1 (HCV‑1) who were treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin (PEG‑IFN‑RBV). A total of 31 Chinese patients infected with HCV‑1 were enrolled in the present study and 25 patients obtained SVR. The expression levels of IP‑10 declined significantly during PEG‑IFN‑RBV therapy at the 24 and 48 week time‑points, compared with the baseline (P<0.005, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, it was observed that IRF5 mRNA expression and the number of TLR4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited similar correlations with IP‑10 concentration (R2=0.0726, P=0.001, R2=0.1634, P<0.0001, respectively) in the SVR group patients; however, these correlations were not observed to be present in the non‑SVR group patients. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that marked alterations in IP‑10, TLR4 and IRF5 expression may serve as indicators for the development of SVR in patients with HCV‑1 treated with PEG‑IFN‑RBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiang Xiao
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Milin Peng
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guozhong Gong
- Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Yamagiwa Y, Asano M, Kawasaki Y, Korenaga M, Murata K, Kanto T, Mizokami M, Masaki N. Pretreatment serum levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 are associated with virologic response to telaprevir-based therapy. Cytokine 2016; 88:29-36. [PMID: 27541605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Telaprevir (TVR) remarkably improves the efficacy of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotype and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) level predict virologic response to peg-interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of pretreatment serum IP-10 levels and IL28B genotyping in predicting sustained virologic response (SVR) to TVR-based triple therapy. METHODS In this multi-center study, patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 with high viral load (⩾5.0logIU/mL) were treated with TVR for 12weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks in Japan. IL28B genotype, serum IP-10 levels, other clinical parameters, and drug dosages were assessed before treatment. RESULTS We included 121 patients who were treated with TVR for at least 8weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks. The median IP-10 levels were significantly lower in rapid virologic response (RVR) or SVR in the IL28B non-TT genotype group, with no significant difference in the TT genotype group. RVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher serum IP-10 levels (>450pg/mL). In the non-TT IL28B genotype group, RVR and SVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher IP-10 levels. SVR rates in the group with lower IP-10 levels (<450pg/mL) increased to 82% for those showing RVR, but reduced to 27% in the group with higher IP-10 levels for those not showing RVR. CONCLUSIONS Determination of serum IP-10 levels before treatment could be useful for predicting favorable virologic response to TVR-based triple therapy, especially in patients with IL28B non-TT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamagiwa
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan.
| | - Mai Asano
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Youhei Kawasaki
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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9
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Nguyen LT, Gray E, O'Leary A, Carr M, De Gascun CF. The Role of Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen Testing in the Era of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapies: What We Can Learn from the Protease Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163900. [PMID: 27711230 PMCID: PMC5053597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies have revolutionised the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The financial cost of DAAs however is significant, and first generation protease inhibitors (PIs) also require frequent monitoring of viral RNA levels to guide treatment. In this context, we examined the relevance of HCV antigen testing to evaluate the potential role in monitoring virological response to HCV antiviral treatment with the PI-based triple therapies, telaprevir (TVR) and boceprevir (BOC). Chronic HCV-infected individuals (n = 152) enrolled in the Irish Hepatitis C Outcomes Research Network (ICORN) study were prospectively analysed for baseline markers and the early viral kinetics associated with SVR. The sustained virological response (SVR) rates in the cohort receiving TVR and BOC were 87.3% and 73.8%, respectively. Baseline factors associated with successful outcome in TVR therapy were age (P = 0.0098), IFNL3 genotype (P = 0.0330) and viral load (P = 0.0456). RNA level at week 4 (P = 0.0068) and viral antigen negativity at week 2 (P = 0.0359) were predictive of SVR for TVR-based therapy. In BOC therapy, prior interferon treatment (P = 0.0209) and IFNL3 genotype (P = 0.0410) were baseline predictors of SVR. Evidence of viraemia based either on viral RNA or antigen at week 4 predicted SVR in these patients. Our data showed that rapid decline of HCV antigen to negative level at week 2 in TVR treatment and <0.96 log fmol/l in BOC treatment after commencement of PI triple therapy were associated with SVR. HCV antigen measurement should be considered as a potential alternative for monitoring treatment response during DAA-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Nguyen
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Ireland Vietnam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma Gray
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics in Ireland, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Leary
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics in Ireland, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cillian F. De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Verstrepen BE, Nieuwenhuis IG, Mooij P, Verschoor EJ, Fagrouch ZC, Kondova I, Boonstra A, Koopman G. Role of microbial translocation in soluble CD14 up-regulation in HIV-, but not in HCV-, infected chimpanzees. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2599-2607. [PMID: 27534537 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, soluble CD14 (sCD14) is up-regulated as a consequence of pathological disruption of the gut epithelial barrier, and subsequent increased microbial translocation. Also in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with advanced liver fibrosis, increased levels of sCD14 have been reported. Since the liver plays an important role in clearance of translocated bacterial products, hepatic fibrosis may negatively affect clearance and thus contribute to higher sCD14 levels. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) infected with HCV typically show no signs of liver fibrosis. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that increased levels of sCD14 occur in the absence of hepatic fibrosis or microbial translocation in chimpanzees chronically infected with HCV. sCD14 was up-regulated in both HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)- and HCV-infected chimpanzees. In HIV/SIV-infected chimpanzees, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, a marker for gut perturbation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding-protein and LPS core antibodies, confirm that sCD14 up-regulation was caused by increased microbial translocation. In HCV-infected chimpanzees, no evidence was found for increased microbial translocation despite up-regulation of sCD14. Additionally, the impact of liver fibrosis on microbial translocation was addressed by direct comparison of chimpanzees with a high HCV load and human patients with advanced fibrosis. These data suggest that only in a small minority of HCV patients, hepatic fibrosis corroborates microbial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne G Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra C Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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11
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Investigation of NS3 Protease Resistance-Associated Variants and Phenotypes for the Prediction of Treatment Response to HCV Triple Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156731. [PMID: 27281344 PMCID: PMC4900565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TVR) leads to virologic failure in many patients which is often associated with the selection of resistance-associated variants (RAVs). These resistance profiles are of importance for the selection of potential rescue treatment options. In this study, we sequenced baseline NS3 RAVs population-based and investigated the sensitivity of NS3 phenotypes in an HCV replicon assay together with clinical factors for a prediction of treatment response in a cohort of 165 German and Swiss patients treated with a BOC or TVR-based triple therapy. Overall, the prevalence of baseline RAVs was low, although the frequency of RAVs was higher in patients with virologic failure compared to those who achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) (7% versus 1%, P = 0.06). The occurrence of RAVs was associated with a resistant NS3 quasispecies phenotype (P<0.001), but the sensitivity of phenotypes was not associated with treatment outcome (P = 0.2). The majority of single viral and host predictors of SVR was only weakly associated with treatment response. In multivariate analyses, low AST levels, female sex and an IFNL4 CC genotype were independently associated with SVR. However, a combined analysis of negative predictors revealed a significantly lower overall number of negative predictors in patients with SVR in comparison to individuals with virologic failure (P<0.0001) and the presence of 2 or less negative predictors was indicative for SVR. These results demonstrate that most single baseline viral and host parameters have a weak influence on the response to triple therapy, whereas the overall number of negative predictors has a high predictive value for SVR.
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12
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Chen Yi Mei SLG, Burchell J, Skinner N, Millen R, Matthews G, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Desmond PV, Sundararajan V, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K, Sasadeusz J. Toll-like Receptor Expression and Signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlate With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:739-47. [PMID: 27284092 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms by which spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C occurs are unclear. A critical role for the innate immune system and IFNL4 polymorphisms has been proposed. This study investigates whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling during acute hepatitis C correlates with clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants identified from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C and the Networks study were followed longitudinally from the time of diagnosis of acute hepatitis C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected at and 2 time points after diagnosis. At each time point, TLR2, TLR4, and CD86 expression on peripheral blood monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and NK T cells was measured, as well as the response of PBMCs to stimulation with TLR ligands. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured in stimulated PBMCs and plasma. RESULTS We identified 20 participants with acute hepatitis C (10 with hepatitis C virus [HCV] monoinfection and 10 with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection). Eleven participants (55%) spontaneously cleared HCV. Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was associated with lower TLR4 expression on monocytes (P = .009) and NK cells (P = .029). Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was also associated with a reduced interferon γ response to TLR4 (P = .038) and TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .035), a reduced interleukin 6 response to TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .037), and reduced IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) response to TLR2 stimulation (P = .042). Lower plasma IP-10 levels were associated with spontaneous clearance (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate TLR4 signaling as playing a critical role in the outcome of acute hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Lin G Chen Yi Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Jodie Burchell
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Narelle Skinner
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Rosie Millen
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Gail Matthews
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute Department of Infectious Diseases, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital
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13
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Zhang R, Shao C, Huo N, Li M, Xu X. Association of IL28B Genotypes and Baseline Serum Interferon-γ-Inducible- Protein-10 Levels with Treatment Response in Hepatitis C Virus Patients in China. Gut Liver 2016; 10:446-55. [PMID: 26470765 PMCID: PMC4849699 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Several studies have demonstrated that serum interferon-γ-inducible-protein-10 (IP-10) levels at baseline and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene were associated with viral response and treatment outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the combination of pretreatment IP-10 levels with IL28B SNPs as predictors of treatment response to pegylated interferon α-2a plus ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in China. METHODS Seventy-two patients with chronic hepatitis C without fibrosis/cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. The virologic parameters and baseline serum IP-10 levels were determined. IL-28B genotypes were determined by sequencing. RESULTS In this cohort, serum baseline IP-10 levels lower than 426.7 pg/mL could predict rapid virological response/ sustained virological response (SVR). Patients carrying favorable IL28B SNP genotypes had higher SVRs than did those carrying unfavorable variants (IL28B rs12979860, p=0.002; IL28B rs8099917, p=0.020). Combining both baseline IP- 10 and IL28B SNPs could improve the prediction of SVR in favorable allele carriers of IL28B, rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT. Serum baseline IP-10 levels and IL28B genotypes were independent predictors of SVR. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the combination of baseline serum IP-10 levels and the determination of IL28B SNPs increase the predictability of SVR rates in this cohort. (Gut Liver 2016;10446-455).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Cuiping Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Na Huo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Minran Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
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14
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Willemse SB, Jansen L, de Niet A, Sinnige MJ, Takkenberg RB, Verheij J, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW. Intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA and plasma IP-10 levels as response marker for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon and adefovir. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:148-55. [PMID: 27155352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferon-y-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), also called CXCL10, is produced by different types of cells such as monocytes, neutrophils and hepatocytes. IP-10 functions as an inflammatory cytokine, which after binding to its receptor CXCR3, expressed on T-lymphocytes, leads to immune activation. We aimed to establish if IP-10 expression in liver tissue and in plasma of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients correlated with each other and further to investigate if IP-10 levels before and during therapy with peginterferon and adefovir could predict treatment outcome in CHB patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 86 CHB patients (41 HBeAg-positive and 45 HBeAg-negative) received combination therapy of peginterferon and adefovir for 48 weeks. Combined Response (CR) (HBeAg-negativity, HBV-DNA ≤ 2000 IU/mL, ALT normalization) and non-response (NR) were assessed at Week 72. Plasma IP-10 levels were measured at baseline and during treatment at Day 3 (D3) and Week 1 (W1). Pre-treatment liver biopsies from 40 of 86 patients were obtained and stored in liquid nitrogen for the analysis of intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA expression. RESULTS CR was achieved in 14/41 HBeAg-positive and 17/45 HBeAg-negative patients. Mean baseline plasma IP-10 levels were significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients with CR than NR (3.20 vs 3.00 log pg/mL p = 0.03); but not in HBeAg-negative patients. Baseline IP-10 levels correlated with ALT-levels in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients (both p < 0.001), and with a decline of HBsAg-levels of ≥0.5 log IU/mL at Week 12 in HBeAg-positive patients (p = 0.001). Plasma IP-10 levels were associated with intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA expression, however, more strongly in HBeAg-positive (R = 0.79, p < 0.001) than in HBeAg-negative patients (R = 0.53, p = 0.011). IP-10 levels only correlated with HAI-scores in HBeAg-positive patients (R = 0.40 p = 0.025). Mean plasma IP-10 levels of both HBeAg-positive and -negative patients increased significantly at D3 compared to baseline (+0.30 log pg/mL p = 0.003), to then decline subsequently at W1 to a level still significantly higher than baseline (+0.14 log pg/mL p < 0.001). The increase of IP-10 was significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients with NR than in those with CR (+0.35 versus +0.11 log pg/mL p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma IP-10 levels and IP-10 mRNA expression in the liver are correlated with each other, suggesting that plasma IP-10 reflects intrahepatic immune activation. Higher IP-10 levels at baseline seem to be associated with CR in HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon and adefovir, but not in HBeAg-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Willemse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - L Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - M J Sinnige
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - R B Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - N A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - H W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
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15
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Lu MY, Huang CI, Dai CY, Wang SC, Hsieh MY, Hsieh MH, Liang PC, Lin YH, Hou NJ, Yeh ML, Huang CF, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Elevated on-treatment levels of serum IFN-gamma is associated with treatment failure of peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22995. [PMID: 26965318 PMCID: PMC4786849 DOI: 10.1038/srep22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection had been associated with cytokine imbalance. Cytokine dynamics in response to peginterferon/ribavirin therapy have an impact on the treatment efficacy for HCV patients. Ninety-two treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C patients were treated with 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin therapy according to their viral genotypes. Sustained virologic response (SVR) is defined as undetectable HCV RNA throughout a 24-week post-treatment follow-up period. Dynamic serum levels of the following cytokines: (1) Th1-mediated cytokines: IFN-γ, interleukin-2, and TNF-alpha; (2)Th2-mediated cytokines: interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 and (3)immuno-modulatory cytokines: interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interleukin-12 were determined by Fluorescent Bead immunoassay. Serial dynamic cytokine expression demonstrated that not only elevated IFN-γ concentrations at specific time points but also the total IFN-γ amount was strongly linked to non-response in peginterferon/ribavirin therapy. IFN-γ levels could serve as an independent predictor for SVR analyzed by multivariate logistic regression test. The accuracy of discriminating responders from non-responders was acceptable when IFN-γ cut-off levels were set at 180, 120, and 40 pg/ml at the 4th week, 12th week, and end-of-treatment of therapy, respectively. Elevated on-treatment IFN-γ concentration was significantly associated with treatment failure among interleukin-28B rs8099917TT carriers and those patients failed to achieve rapid virologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Johansson S, Talloen W, Tuefferd M, Darling J, Fanning G, Fried MW, Aerssens J. High MIG (CXCL9) plasma levels favours response to peginterferon and ribavirin in HCV-infected patients regardless of DPP4 activity. Liver Int 2016; 36:344-52. [PMID: 26344576 PMCID: PMC4744814 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained virological response (SVR) following peginterferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients has been linked with the IL28B genotype and lower peripheral levels of the CXCR3-binding chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10). To further improve the understanding of these biomarkers we investigated plasma levels of the other CXCR3-binding chemokines and activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4, CD26) protease, which cleaves IP-10, in relation to treatment response. METHODS African-American and Caucasian HCV genotype 1-infected patients (n = 401) were treated with pegIFN/RBV for 48 weeks (ViraHep-C cohort). Pretreatment plasma levels of MIG (CXCL9), I-TAC (CXCL11) and the type III interferon IL29 were investigated by Luminex and DPP4 activity by using a luciferase assay. RESULTS Patients achieving SVR had higher baseline MIG plasma levels and lower DPP4 activity than non-SVR patients. MIG was higher in Caucasians, IL28B CC (rs1297860) genotype carriers and patients with higher ALT levels. MIG correlated with IP-10 in SVR patients, but not in non-SVRs. A high DPP4 activity correlated with higher IP-10 levels, while DPP4 activity was not associated with MIG or I-TAC levels. CONCLUSIONS The associations of MIG with SVR status and IL28B genotype imply that higher MIG plasma levels could reflect a beneficial immunological state for response to pegIFN/RBV treatment. The correlation between MIG and IP-10 observed only in SVR patients may contribute to a better treatment response, whereas this MIG/IP-10 balance might be disrupted in non-SVR patients because of the increased DPP4 cleavage of IP-10 into a dysfunctional form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jama Darling
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Johansson S, Talloen W, Tuefferd M, Darling JM, Scholliers A, Fanning G, Fried MW, Aerssens J. Plasma levels of growth-related oncogene (CXCL1-3) associated with fibrosis and platelet counts in HCV-infected patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:1111-21. [PMID: 26314558 PMCID: PMC4592471 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients varies greatly between individuals. Chemokines recruit immune cells to the infected liver and may thus play a role in the fibrosis process. AIM To investigate plasma levels of a diverse chemokine panel in relation to liver fibrosis. METHODS African-American and Caucasian HCV genotype 1 infected patients were treated with peginterferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) for 48 weeks (VIRAHEP-C cohort). Plasma levels of 13 cytokines were studied at baseline (n = 386). Subsequently, GROα levels were assessed in a sub cohort (n = 99) at baseline, and at 4 and 12 weeks after start of pegIFN/RBV treatment. RESULTS Increased severity of fibrosis (Ishak fibrosis score 0-2 vs. 3-6) was associated with increased plasma IP-10 (CXCL10) and IL-8 (CXCL8) levels, and decreased plasma levels of the chemokine growth-related oncogene (GRO, CXCL1-3). Plasma GRO levels were also positively correlated with platelet counts, and were higher in African-American as compared to Caucasian patients. In response to pegIFN/RBV treatment, GROα levels increased in Caucasian but not African-American patients from week 4 onwards. CONCLUSIONS The association with severity of fibrosis and platelet count positions plasma GRO as a potential biomarker for liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients. The secretion of GRO by platelets may explain the correlation between GRO plasma level and platelet count. The ethnic difference in GRO levels both pre-treatment and in response to pegIFN/RBV might be driven by a genetic polymorphism in GROα associated with higher plasma levels and more common in the African-American population.
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18
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Carlin AF, Aristizabal P, Song Q, Wang H, Paulson MS, Stamm LM, Schooley RT, Wyles DL. Temporal dynamics of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines during sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy for genotype 2 and 3 hepatitis C infection. Hepatology 2015; 62:1047-58. [PMID: 26147061 PMCID: PMC4589477 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The analysis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has advanced our understanding of viral-host interactions and identified predictors of treatment response. Administration of interferons (IFNs) made it difficult to interpret biomarkers of immune activation during treatment. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens without IFN are now being used to treat HCV with excellent efficacy. To gain insight into HCV-host interactions occurring before, during, and after HCV treatment, we performed a case-control study that measured serial plasma levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in 131 patients with chronic HCV treated with sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ribavirin (RBV). A linear regression analysis using baseline factors identified strong positive associations between elevated alanine aminotransferase and pretreatment IP-10 and between the presence of cirrhosis and elevated pretreatment IL-18. Mean IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IL-18 levels all decline on therapy, but display different dynamics late in treatment and after cessation of therapy. On treatment, IP-10 and MIP-1β levels were significantly higher in individuals who achieved sustained virological response (SVR). Logistic regression analyses examining treatment response in all patients demonstrated significant associations between higher baseline MIP-1β levels and smaller decreases in MIP-1β early in treatment and SVR. Higher early MIP-1β levels were also significantly associated with SVR in subsets of patients with cirrhosis and individuals with genotype 3 (GT3) infection, two factors associated with decreased responsiveness to treatment. CONCLUSION Changes in IP-10 levels mirror HCV RNA, suggesting that IP-10 is an indicator of innate immune viral recognition. MIP-1β levels remain elevated in GT2/3 patients who achieved SVR, suggesting differential immune activation in those who respond to SOF/RBV therapy and a potential role in predicting treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paula Aristizabal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David L Wyles
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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19
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Olmedo DB, Cader SA, Porto LC. IFN-λ gene polymorphisms as predictive factors in chronic hepatitis C treatment-naive patients without access to protease inhibitors. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1702-15. [PMID: 25970604 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotides polymorphisms analyses in the regions near the IL28B gene in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) are an important predictive factor for sustained virological response (SVR). The aim was to assess the predictive value of the polymorphisms of the IL28B/IFNL3 gene in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 for the viral clearance obtained after initial treatment including admixed populations. A systematic review was conducted, using a meta-analysis in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and SCIELO using MesH and DECS in 42 studies. The parameters were IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275, SVR ratio, and OR (odds ratio). OR and confidence Interval of 95% (95%CI), were calculated by fixed or random effects models. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also performed. Significant differences were noted between carriers groups with the major versus minor allele at rs12979860 CC versus CT/TT-genotype (OR = 4.18; 95%CI = 3.37-5.17), rs8099917 TT versus TG/GG-genotype (OR = 4.07; 95%CI = 2.94-5.63), and rs12980275 AA versus AA/AG-genotype (OR = 5.34; 95%CI = 1.60-17.82). There was selection bias in the rs8099917 analysis (Egger's regression P = 0.049), which reversed after performing a sensitivity analysis (P = 0.510). The incorporation of SNP analyses in IL28B/IFNL3 gene during the diagnosis process in Brazil should be used as a complementary tool to determine the appropriate treatment for HCV genotype 1. Here, we confirm that the rs12979860 CC, rs8099917 TT, and rs12980275 AA genotype-carriers have favorable responses to standard therapy, including two studies with Brazilian population, and this information should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Blasquez Olmedo
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samária Ali Cader
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Cristóvão Porto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Tangkijvanich P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thaimai P, Wasitthankasem R, Poovorawan Y, Komolmit P. Association between CXCL10 and DPP4 Gene Polymorphisms and a Complementary Role for Unfavorable IL28B Genotype in Prediction of Treatment Response in Thai Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137365. [PMID: 26339796 PMCID: PMC4560372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment serum levels of interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10, CXCL10) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV) predict treatment response in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The association between functional genetic polymorphisms of CXCL10 and DPP4 and treatment outcome has not previously been studied. This study aimed to determine the association between genetic variations of CXCL10 and DPP4 and the outcome of treatment with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) based therapy in Thai patients with CHC. 602 Thai patients with CHC treated using a PEG-IFN-α based regimen were genotyped for CXCL10 rs56061981 G>A and IL28B rs12979860 C>T. In addition, in patients infected with CHC genotype 1, DPP4 (rs13015258 A>C, rs17848916 T>C, rs41268649 G>A, and rs 17574 T>C) were genotyped. Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms, genotype, and treatment response were analyzed. The rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) was higher for the CC genotype of IL28B rs12979860 polymorphisms than for non-CC in both genotype 1 (60.6% vs. 29.4%, P < 0.001) and non-genotype 1 (69.4% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.05) CHC. SVR was not associated with the CXCL10 gene variant in all viral genotypes or DPP4 gene polymorphisms in viral genotype1. Multivariate analysis revealed IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype (OR = 3.12; 95% CI, 1.72-5.67; P < 0.001), hepatitis C virus RNA < 400,000 IU/ml (OR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.22-3.99, P < 0.05), age < 45 years (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.68; P < 0.05), and liver fibrosis stage 0-1 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01-2.65, P < 0.05) were independent factors for SVR. Unfavorable IL28B rs12979860 CT or TT genotypes with the CXCL10 rs56061981 non-GG genotype were associated with a higher SVR than GG genotype (66.7% vs. 33.0%, P = 0.004) in viral genotype 1. In Thai CHC genotype 1 infected patients with an unfavorable IL28B rs12979860 CT/TT genotype, the complementary CXCL10 polymorphism strongly enhances prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wattana Sukeepaisarnjaroen
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thaimai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rujipat Wasitthankasem
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Cytokines are intercellular mediators involved in viral control and liver damage being induced by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases-mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes-are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-α may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and revert this process. Theoretically agents that selectively neutralize CXCL10 could increase patient responsiveness to traditional IFN-based HCV therapy. Several studies have reported IL-28B polymorphisms and circulating CXCL10 may be a prognostic markers for HCV treatment efficacy in HCV genotype 1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy,
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22
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Aoki Y, Sugiyama M, Murata K, Yoshio S, Kurosaki M, Hashimoto S, Yatsuhashi H, Nomura H, Kang JH, Takeda T, Naito S, Kimura T, Yamagiwa Y, Korenaga M, Imamura M, Masaki N, Izumi N, Kage M, Mizokami M, Kanto T. Association of serum IFN-λ3 with inflammatory and fibrosis markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:894-902. [PMID: 25501286 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of liver cancer. The single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IFNL3 gene, which encodes interferon (IFN)-λ(3), are strongly associated with the response to pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy in chronic hepatitis C (C-CH) patients. However, the roles of IFN-λ(3) in chronic HCV infection are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical and immunological factors influencing IFN-λ(3) and evaluated whether serum IFN-λ(3) levels are involved or not involved in the response to PEG-IFN-α plus RBV therapy. METHODS We enrolled 119 C-CH patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who underwent 48 weeks of PEG-IFN-α plus RBV therapy. As controls, 23 healthy subjects and 56 patients with non-HCV viral hepatitis were examined. Serum IFN-λ(3) was quantified by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and 27 cytokines or chemokines were assayed by the multiplexed BioPlex system. RESULTS Serum IFN-λ(3) levels were higher in C-CH patients or acute hepatitis E patients than in healthy volunteers. Such levels did not differ between the IFNL3 genotypes. In C-CH patients, serum IFN-λ(3) was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, α-fetoprotein, histological activity, fibrosis index, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10, and platelet-derived growth factor. Multivariate analysis showed that IFNL3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, fibrosis score, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α were involved in the sustained viral clearance in PEG-IFN-α plus RBV therapy; however, serum IFN-λ(3) levels were not involved. CONCLUSION Serum IFN-λ(3) levels are increased in C-CH patients regardless of the IFNL3 genotype. IFN-λ(3) is a biomarker reflecting the activity and fibrosis of liver disease, but is not correlated with the responsiveness to PEG-IFN-α plus RBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Aoki
- Department of Hepatic Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
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23
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Meissner EG, Decalf J, Casrouge A, Masur H, Kottilil S, Albert ML, Duffy D. Dynamic Changes of Post-Translationally Modified Forms of CXCL10 and Soluble DPP4 in HCV Subjects Receiving Interferon-Free Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133236. [PMID: 26181438 PMCID: PMC4504464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated chemokine CXCL10 are increased during chronic HCV infection and associate with outcome of IFN-based therapy. Elevated levels of NH2-terminal truncated CXCL10 (3-77aa), produced by DPP4 cleavage, negatively associate with spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection and sustained virological response (SVR) with IFN-based therapy for chronic infection. The association of different CXCL10 forms and DPP4 with outcome during IFN-free HCV therapy has not been examined. Using novel Simoa assays, plasma was analyzed from HCV genotype-1 (GT1) subjects who relapsed (n = 11) or achieved SVR (n = 10) after sofosbuvir and ribavirin (SOF/RBV) treatment, and from SOF/RBV relapsers who achieved SVR with a subsequent SOF/ledipasvir regimen (n = 9). While the NH2-truncated form of CXCL10 was elevated in HCV infection relative to healthy controls, pre-treatment plasma concentrations of CXCL10 forms failed to stratify subjects based on treatment outcome to IFN-free regimens. However, a trend (statistically non-significant) towards elevated higher levels of total and long CXCL10 was observed pre-treatment in subjects who relapsed. All forms of CXCL10 decreased rapidly following treatment initiation and were again elevated in subjects who experienced HCV relapse, indicating that CXCL10 production may be associated with active viral replication. While soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) and NH2-truncated CXCL10 concentrations were highly correlated, on-treatment sDPP4 levels and activity declined more slowly than CXCL10, suggesting differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EGM); (DD)
| | - Jérémie Decalf
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
- Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
- Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (EGM); (DD)
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Domagalski K, Pawłowska M, Kozielewicz D, Dybowska D, Tretyn A, Halota W. The Impact of IL28B Genotype and Liver Fibrosis on the Hepatic Expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 and Their Association with Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130899. [PMID: 26115415 PMCID: PMC4482747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong impact of interleukin 28B (IL28B) polymorphisms on sustained virological response (SVR) after peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is well-known. We investigated IL28B variability and hepatic expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 in CHC patients, the relation of each with their clinical characteristics, and how they associated with responses to combined therapy. Genotyping and gene expression analysis were conducted in a selected cohort of treatment-naïve patients who underwent interferon and ribavirin treatment. Differential expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 genes was assessed from pretreatment liver biopsies using quantitative PCR. Histopathological evaluation of liver specimens was performed on the basis of the Scheuer's modified scale. We showed that hepatic IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 expression was lower in the IL28B CC 12979860 and TT rs8099917 groups than in the CT-TT rs12979860 and TG-GG rs8099917 groups (P < 0.001). We found no differences in IP10 expression between the IL28B genotypes (P > 0.05); in contrast, IP10 expression was significantly affected by the progression of fibrosis (P = 0.007). We showed that the rs12979860 CC genotype was associated with successful treatment when compared to the rs12979860 CT-TT genotype (P = 0.004). Additionally, the expression levels of IP10, IFI27 and ISG15, but not MX1, were significantly higher in non-SVR patients than in SVR patients. The effect of variation in IL28B on the results of IFN-based treatment may be associated with changes in IFI27 and ISG15, but not with IP10. Silencing of IP10 is positive and independent from IL28B prediction of SVR, which is strongly associated with liver fibrosis in CHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Domagalski
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kozielewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Dybowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Waldemar Halota
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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25
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Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Nasu A, Aizawa N, Saito M, Tamori A, Kawada N, Kimura T, Osaki Y, Nishiguchi S. Clinical significance of pretreatment serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 concentrations in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with telaprevir-based triple therapy. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E397-E407. [PMID: 24628684 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether pretreatment serum interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 concentration can predict response to telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and to examine the effects of IP-10 concentration on liver histology. METHODS Baseline IP-10 concentrations were measured in 97 patients with genotype 1 CHC treated with TVR-based triple therapy, and the associations between baseline IP-10 and treatment outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Associations between baseline serum IP-10 concentration and laboratory data and liver histological findings were also investigated. RESULTS Median IP-10 concentration in these patients was 461.83 pg/mL (range, 151.35-4297.62). Multivariate analysis showed that IL28B genotype (P = 0.025) and IP-10 level (P = 0.004) were factors significantly predictive of rapid virological response (RVR), whereas in pretreatment factors only, IL28B genotype (P = 0.001) and liver fibrosis (P = 0.035) were independent predictors of sustained virological response. Using a cut-off IP-10 concentration of 460 pg/mL, patients with IL28B risk allele and low IP-10 had a significantly higher RVR rate than those with high IP-10 (P = 0.005). IP-10 concentration was significantly correlated with liver fibrosis (P = 0.001) and inflammation activity (P = 0.006) and had the highest areas under the curve for liver histological findings. CONCLUSION Baseline serum IP-10 level is a useful predictor of virological response in patients with genotype 1 CHC treated with TVR-based triple therapy, especially in patients with IL28B risk allele. IP-10 was well correlated with liver fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Wang J, Jiang D, Rao H, Yang R, Wang Y, Wei L. Association of interferon-γ-induced protein-10 serum levels with virological responses to PEG-interferon-based therapy in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 2 chronically infected Chinese patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1349-58. [PMID: 25263691 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.962609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) serum level has been shown be associated with viral response in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, little is known in Chinese population. We determined IP-10 serum levels in Chinese CHC patients undergoing PEG-IFN-based therapy. Predictive role of IP-10 level for virological responses was accessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS IP-10 serum levels were determined in 165 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and 33 genotype 2 patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to screen independent factors for sustained virological response (SVR) prediction. Predictive value of IP-10 level in combination with interleukin 28B (IL28B) genotype or rapid virological response was further investigated. RESULTS Our study showed that pretreatment IP-10 level was significantly higher in HCV genotype 1 patients. IP-10 levels were independently predictive for SVR with cut-off values of 250.60 pg/ml at baseline or 407.40 pg/ml at week 4. Positive predictive value (PPV) for SVR of low IP-10 level at baseline and IL28B CC genotype was 96.15% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 50.00%. PPV for SVR of low IP-10 level at week 4 and rapid viral response (RVR) was 95.24% and NPV was 50.00%. CONCLUSION Together our study indicated that higher IP-10 serum levels were associated with HCV genotype 1 CHC Chinese patients. IP-10 levels at baseline and week 4 were both predictive of SVR and improved predictive performances of IL28B genotype and RVR for SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases , No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 , China
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27
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Matsuura K, Watanabe T, Iijima S, Murakami S, Fujiwara K, Orito E, Iio E, Endo M, Kusakabe A, Shinkai N, Miyaki T, Nojiri S, Joh T, Tanaka Y. Serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 concentrations and IL28B genotype associated with responses to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin with and without telaprevir for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:1208-1216. [PMID: 24372894 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several studies have shown that high pretreatment concentrations of serum interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are correlated with non-response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, there are few reports on their effect on the Asian population. METHODS We enrolled 104 Japanese genotype 1 CHC individuals treated with PEG-IFN/RBV and 45 with PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir, and evaluated the impact of pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations on their virological responses. RESULTS The pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations were not correlated with IL28B genotype. The receiver-operator curve analysis determined the cut-off value of IP-10 for predicting a sustained virological response (SVR) as 300 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, the IL28B favorable genotype and IP-10 concentration of less than 300 pg/mL were independent factors for predicting SVR. In a subgroup of patients with the IL28B favorable genotype, the SVR rate was higher in the patients with IP-10 of less than 300 than in those with 300 pg/mL or more, whereas no patient with the IL28B unfavorable genotype and IP-10 of 300 pg/mL or more achieved SVR. Among the patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir, low pretreatment concentrations of serum IP-10 were associated with a very rapid virological response, defined as undetectable HCV RNA at week 2 after the start of therapy. CONCLUSION Pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations are associated with treatment efficacy in PEG-IFN/RBV and with early viral kinetics of hepatitis C virus in PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology, Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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28
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Pineda-Tenor D, Berenguer J, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Aldámiz-Echevarria T, Carrero A, García-Álvarez M, Diez C, Tejerina F, Briz V, Resino S. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 polymorphisms are associated with sustained virologic response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:423-9. [PMID: 25218243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (CXCL9-11) chemokines play a critical role in eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), although HCV-specific immunity often fails to eradicate the HCV, allowing the chronicity of hepatitis C. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between CXCL9-11 polymorphisms and the sustained virological response (SVR) following hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective study in 176 naïve patients who started HCV treatment. The CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 polymorphisms were genotyped by GoldenGate(®) assay. Genetic data were analyzed under recessive inheritance model. The SVR was defined as undetectable HCV viremia through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, the SVR rate was higher in HCV genotype 1/4 (GT1/4) patients carrying rs10336 TT (p=0.042), rs3921 GG (p=0.021), and rs4619915 AA (p=0.024) genotypes; and they had higher likelihood of achieving SVR (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.26 (p=0.038), aOR=4.21 (p=0.019), and aOR=4.08 (p=0.022), respectively). For CXCL haplotype analysis (CXCL9/rs10336, CXCL10/rs3921, and CXCL11/rs4619915), the TGA haplotype (favorable alleles) had better odds of achieving SVR than the CCG haplotype (unfavorable alleles) in GT1/4patients (OR=2.69; p=0.003). No significant results were found in GT2/3 patients. Moreover, similar results were obtained in the on-treatment analysis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of homozygous for the minor allele of CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 was related to higher likelihoods of achieving the HCV clearance after pegIFNα/ribavirin therapy in HIV infected patients coinfected with HCV GT1/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pineda-Tenor
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guzmán-Fulgencio
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarria
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Carrero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Álvarez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Tejerina
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Briz
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Wranke A, Heidrich B, Ernst S, Calle Serrano B, Caruntu FA, Curescu MG, Yalcin K, Gürel S, Zeuzem S, Erhardt A, Lüth S, Papatheodoridis GV, Bremer B, Stift J, Grabowski J, Kirschner J, Port K, Cornberg M, Falk CS, Dienes HP, Hardtke S, Manns MP, Yurdaydin C, Wedemeyer H. Anti-HDV IgM as a marker of disease activity in hepatitis delta. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101002. [PMID: 25072849 PMCID: PMC4114528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis delta frequently leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation. As treatment options are limited, there is a need for biomarkers to determine disease activity and to predict the risk of disease progression. We hypothesized that anti-HDV IgM could represent such a marker. Methods Samples of 120 HDV-infected patients recruited in an international multicenter treatment trial (HIDIT-2) were studied. Anti-HDV IgM testing was performed using ETI-DELTA-IGMK-2-assay (DiaSorin). In addition, fifty cytokines, chemokines and angiogenetic factors were measured using multiplex technology (Bio-Plex System). A second independent cohort of 78 patients was studied for the development of liver-related clinical endpoints (decompensation, HCC, liver transplantation or death; median follow up of 3.0 years, range 0.6–12). Results Anti-HDV IgM serum levels were negative in 18 (15%), low (OD<0.5) in 76 (63%), and high in 26 (22%) patients of the HIDIT-2 cohort. Anti-HDV IgM were significantly associated with histological inflammatory (p<0.01) and biochemical disease activity (ALT, AST p<0.01). HDV replication was independent from anti-HDV IgM, however, low HBV-DNA levels were observed in groups with higher anti-HDV IgM levels (p<0.01). While high IP-10 (CXCL10) levels were seen in greater groups of anti-HDV IgM levels, various other antiviral cytokines were negatively associated with anti-HDV IgM. Associations between anti-HDV IgM and ALT, AST, HBV-DNA were confirmed in the independent cohort. Clinical endpoints occurred in 26 anti-HDV IgM positive patients (39%) but in only one anti-HDV IgM negative individual (9%; p = 0.05). Conclusions Serum anti-HDV IgM is a robust, easy-to-apply and relatively cheap marker to determine disease activity in hepatitis delta which has prognostic implications. High anti-HDV IgM levels may indicate an activated interferon system but exhausted antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wranke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (HW); (AW)
| | - Benjamin Heidrich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ernst
- Institute for Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Calle Serrano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Kendal Yalcin
- Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Selim Gürel
- Uludağ University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Lüth
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Grabowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Kirschner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Port
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Side HepNet Study-House, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (HW); (AW)
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Kamal SM. Pharmacogenetics of hepatitis C: transition from interferon-based therapies to direct-acting antiviral agents. Hepat Med 2014; 6:61-77. [PMID: 25114601 PMCID: PMC4075960 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s41127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a major viral pandemic over the past two decades, infecting 170 million individuals, which equates to approximately 3% of the world’s population. The prevalence of HCV varies according to geographic region, being highest in developing countries such as Egypt. HCV has a high tendency to induce chronic progressive liver damage in the form of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. To date, there is no vaccine against HCV infection. Combination therapy comprising PEGylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin has been the standard of care for patients with chronic hepatitis C for more than a decade. However, many patients still do not respond to therapy or develop adverse events. Recently, direct antiviral agents such as protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, or NS5A inhibitors have been used to augment PEGylated interferon and ribavirin, resulting in better efficacy, better tolerance, and a shorter treatment duration. However, most clinical trials have focused on assessing the efficacy and safety of direct antiviral agents in patients with genotype 1, and the response of other HCV genotypes has not been elucidated. Moreover, the prohibitive costs of such triple therapies will limit their use in patients in developing countries where most of the HCV infection exists. Understanding the host and viral factors associated with viral clearance is necessary for individualizing therapy to maximize sustained virologic response rates, prevent progression to liver disease, and increase the overall benefits of therapy with respect to its costs. Genome wide studies have shown significant associations between a set of polymorphisms in the region of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene and natural clearance of HCV infection or after PEGylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin treatment with and without direct antiviral agents. This paper synthesizes the recent advances in the pharmacogenetics of HCV infection in the era of triple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa M Kamal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Medicine, Salman Bin Abdul Aziz College of Medicine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lin JC, Habersetzer F, Rodriguez-Torres M, Afdhal N, Lawitz EJ, Paulson MS, Zhu Y, Subramanian GM, McHutchison JG, Sulkowski M, Wyles DL, Schooley RT. Interferon γ-induced protein 10 kinetics in treatment-naive versus treatment-experienced patients receiving interferon-free therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: implications for the innate immune response. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1881-5. [PMID: 24907384 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels in 428 patients at baseline, week 1, and week 2 of all-oral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. An increased baseline IP-10 level was associated with a T allele in the IL28B gene, an increased alanine aminotransferase level in treatment-naive but not experienced patients, and an increased body mass index. At week 1, the mean decline in plasma IP-10 levels was the same in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients (-49%), whereas during week 2 the mean decline in IP-10 levels in treatment-naive patients (-14%) was significantly larger than in treatment-experienced patients (-2%; P = .0176). IP-10 thus may be a surrogate marker of the rate of intracellular viral replication complex decay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Habersetzer
- Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Inserm 1110 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nezam Afdhal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Yanni Zhu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | | | | | - Mark Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Nelson RE, Hoop R, Korner E, DuVall S, Hayden CL, Knippenberg K, Morgan T, Pandya P, Han J, LaFleur J. Predicting Discontinuation of Pegylated Interferon as a Result of Lack of Efficacy in United States Veterans With Chronic Hepatitis C on Dual Therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2014; 48:826-836. [PMID: 24760408 DOI: 10.1177/1060028014531724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) being treated with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) do not respond to therapy and do not clear the virus. Standard of care during the era of dual therapy was to discontinue the patient's therapy based on insufficient decreases in viral load after 12 and/or 24 weeks on therapy. OBJECTIVES We identified patient characteristics that were significant predictors of discontinuation as a result of lack of efficacy (LOE) in a national database of US veterans with genotypes 1 and 4. METHODS We identified US veterans who received care at Veterans Affairs medical centers in 2004-2009 and who had lab-confirmed HCV diagnoses and initiated therapy with peg-IFN plus RBV. Patients who discontinued therapy early were classified as either LOE or non-LOE discontinuers based on pharmacy refill patterns and laboratory response data. Predictors of LOE discontinuation were identified using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS Of 321 238 HCV patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis code, 31 215 (9.7%) initiated dual therapy with peg-IFN plus RBV, and 10 333 (3.2%) met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Overall, 13.6% of the cohort was classified as LOE. Significant predictors of LOE discontinuation included treatment for drug abuse (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18), age >65 years (HR = 1.75), antiretroviral therapy for HIV (HR = 1.48), black race (HR = 1.47), platelet count >100/mm3 (HR = 1.46), and drug therapy for insomnia (HR = 1.40). CONCLUSIONS We identified risk factors for discontinuation caused by LOE. Future work should focus on determining whether these characteristics are also predictive of triple-therapy LOE discontinuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Nelson
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Scott DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Candace L Hayden
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jian Han
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanne LaFleur
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Petrone L, Chiacchio T, Vanini V, Petruccioli E, Cuzzi G, Di Giacomo C, Pucci L, Montalbano M, Lionetti R, Testa A, Lapa D, Navarra A, Visco-Comandini U, Goletti D. High urine IP-10 levels associate with chronic HCV infection. J Infect 2014; 68:591-600. [PMID: 24582930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Independent of IL-28B polymorphisms, blood IP-10 is a promising biomarker for predicting therapy response in chronic HCV infection. Urine IP-10 has been proposed as a biomarker in tuberculosis, but to date, no urine biomarkers for HCV infection have been evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether IP-10 is detectable in the urine of chronically HCV-infected patients, and if so, whether urine IP-10 correlates with serum IP-10 and HCV-specific clinical parameters. METHODS IP-10 was measured by ELISA in serum and urine concomitantly taken from 38 HCV-viremic patients, 10 cured-HCV subjects and 11 healthy donors enrolled as controls. RESULTS The urine of HCV-viremic patients showed measurable amounts of IP-10, although significantly lower than in serum (p < 0.0001). Urine IP-10 was normalized with creatinuria levels and we found that the urine IP-10/creatinuria ratio was significantly higher in HCV-viremic patients than in cured-HCV subjects (p = 0.002) and healthy donors (p = 0.008), and that it significantly correlated with transaminases (p = 0.01), although the correlation was low. Similarly, the serum IP-10 level significantly associated with HCV-viremic patients (p < 0.0001) and correlated with transaminases (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS For the first time to our knowledge, we show that IP-10 is detected and increased in the urine of HCV-viremic patients compared to healthy donors and cured-HCV subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Chiacchio
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigia Pucci
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, INMI, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Testa
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy
| | | | - Assunta Navarra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI, Italy
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
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Vitamin D levels vary during antiviral treatment but are unable to predict treatment outcome in HCV genotype 1 infected patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87974. [PMID: 24516573 PMCID: PMC3917831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different parameters have been determined for prediction of treatment outcome in hepatitis c virus genotype 1 infected patients undergoing pegylated interferon, ribavirin combination therapy. Results on the importance of vitamin D levels are conflicting. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of vitamin D levels before and during therapy together with single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in vitamin D metabolism in the context of other known treatment predictors has been performed. Methods In a well characterized prospective cohort of 398 genotype 1 infected patients treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin for 24–72 weeks (INDIV-2 study) 25-OH-vitamin D levels and different single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed together with known biochemical parameters for a correlation with virologic treatment outcome. Results Fluctuations of more than 5 (10) ng/ml in 25-OH-vitamin D-levels have been observed in 66 (39) % of patients during the course of antiviral therapy and neither pretreatment nor under treatment 25-OH-vitamin D-levels were associated with treatment outcome. The DHCR7-TT-polymorphism within the 7-dehydrocholesterol-reductase showed a significant association (P = 0.031) to sustained viral response in univariate analysis. Among numerous further parameters analyzed we found that age (OR = 1.028, CI = 1.002–1.056, P = 0.035), cholesterol (OR = 0.983, CI = 0.975–0.991, P<0.001), ferritin (OR = 1.002, CI = 1.000–1.004, P = 0.033), gGT (OR = 1.467, CI = 1.073–2.006, P = 0.016) and IL28B-genotype (OR = 2.442, CI = 1.271–4.695, P = 0.007) constituted the strongest predictors of treatment response. Conclusions While 25-OH-vitamin D-levels levels show considerable variations during the long-lasting course of antiviral therapy they do not show any significant association to treatment outcome in genotype 1 infected patients.
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Arnaud C, Trépo C, Petit MA. Predictors of the therapeutic response in hepatitis C. A 2013 update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:12-7. [PMID: 24268305 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapy based on pegylated-interferon-α (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combination has limited efficacy and is poorly tolerated. Disease progression is highly variable and pre-therapeutic prediction of response to treatment remains difficult. Although viral kinetics proved most useful to monitor duration of therapy, other predictors would be helpful to identify patients with the best chance of subsequent treatment response prior initiation of antiviral therapy (double or triple therapy). The predictive power of IL28B polymorphism is well-recognized and has become the reference biomarker for clinicians in patients treated with double therapy. The combination of serum IP-10 and IL28B SNPs increases predictive value of treatment response. Recently, anti-E1E2 antibodies appear to closely correlate with therapeutic outcome and predict the complete elimination of HCV. They may represent a new relevant prognostic biomarker of double therapy response. Since the introduction of triple therapy including protease inhibitors (telaprevir/boceprevir), the major priority is to help patients who failed on double therapy, and there is now an urgent need for robust pre-therapeutic predictors of response to better select the patients to treat. Indeed, the relevance of IL28B polymorphism and IP-10 serum concentration are limited in triple therapy. Many new drugs are currently under investigation and there is hope that effective and well-tolerated IFN-free regimens may become a part of future therapy. In this context, this will help to identify the most powerful predictive marker and/or to assess the benefit of anti-E1E2 in decision to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Arnaud
- Inserm U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151, Cours-Albert-Thomas, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Christian Trépo
- Inserm U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151, Cours-Albert-Thomas, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Service d'Hépatologie et de Gastroentérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Anne Petit
- Inserm U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151, Cours-Albert-Thomas, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
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Lee TH, Tillmann HL, Patel K. Individualized therapy for hepatitis C infection: focus on the interleukin-28B polymorphism in directing therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:25-38. [PMID: 24022240 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus—a major global cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma—affects millions of people worldwide. Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) had been the standard treatment for a decade until availability of the protease inhibitors in 2011. However, current antiviral therapy is still IFN-based and is associated with significant side effects and variable treatment response. Thus, various host and viral factors have been evaluated before and during treatment for the prediction of sustained virologic response to antiviral therapy. In 2009, genome-wide association studies found the single-nucleotide polymorphisms, located near the host interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene that encodes IFN-λ3, to be the best pretreatment predictor of virologic response to Peg-IFN and RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. Additionally, inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variants were found to be associated with RBV-induced hemolytic anemia, which could affect treatment dose for selected patients. IL28B, ITPA, and other treatment predictors allowed for a potential individualized approach to treat hepatitis C. In the era of increased overall virologic response rates and good tolerability of the rapidly developing non-IFN oral direct-acting antiviral therapy regimens, the need for individualized treatment is likely to diminish. Various predictors of response, including IL28B will likely be of reduced importance in the near future.
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Changes of HBsAg and interferon-inducible protein 10 serum levels in naive HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under 4-year entecavir therapy. J Hepatol 2014; 60:62-8. [PMID: 24012614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serum HBsAg levels might represent an important predictor of sustained off-treatment response in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We evaluated the changes of HBsAg and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10) serum levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated with entecavir. METHODS 114 patients received entecavir for a median of 4.3 years. HBsAg levels were determined at baseline, 6 and 12 months and every year thereafter until year-4. IP10 levels were measured at baseline and annually until year-4 in 76 patients. RESULTS Virological remission rates were high (year-1: 94%, after year-2: 97-98%). Compared to baseline, HBsAg levels decreased by a median of 0.03, 0.13, 0.17, 0.22, and 0.32 log₁₀ IU/ml at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively (p≤0.001 for all comparisons). The proportions of patients with HBsAg decline of ≥0.5 or ≥1 log₁₀ IU/ml were 9% or 6% at year-1 and 21% or 10% at the last visit. Median IP10 levels (pg/ml) did not change from baseline to year-1 or -2 (245 vs. 229 or 251), but increased at year-3 and -4 (275 and 323, p<0.030). HBsAg drop ≥0.5 log₁₀ was associated with baseline IP10 or IP10 >350 pg/ml (p≤0.002). HBsAg loss occurred in 4/114 (3.5%) patients or in 1/2, 3/21, and 0/91 patients with baseline HBsAg <100, 100-1000 and >1000 IU/ml, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In HBeAg-negative CHB patients, 4-year entecavir therapy decreases serum HBsAg levels, but the rate of decline is rather slow. Serum IP10 levels represent a promising predictor of HBsAg decline in this setting.
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Feld JJ, Grebely J, Matthews GV, Applegate T, Hellard M, Sherker A, Cherepanov V, Petoumenos K, Yeung B, Kaldor JM, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ. Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 levels are associated with early, but not sustained virological response during treatment of acute or early chronic HCV infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80003. [PMID: 24278230 PMCID: PMC3835825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High plasma levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) have been shown to be associated with impaired treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Whether IP-10 levels predict treatment in acute HCV infection is unknown. Methods Patients with acute or early chronic HCV infection from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) cohort were evaluated. Baseline and on-treatment plasma IP-10 levels were measured by ELISA. IL28B genotype was determined by sequencing. Results Overall, 74 HCV mono-infected and 35 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were treated in ATAHC, of whom 89 were adherent to therapy and were included for analysis. IP-10 levels correlated with HCV RNA levels at baseline (r = 0.48, P<0.001) and during treatment. Baseline IP-10 levels were higher in patients who failed to achieve rapid virological response (RVR). Only one patient with a plasma IP-10 level >600 pg/mL achieved RVR. There was no association with IP-10 levels and early virological response (EVR) or sustained virological response (SVR). Conclusions Baseline IP-10 levels are associated with early viral kinetics but not ultimate treatment outcome in acute HCV infection. Given previous data showing that patients with high baseline IP-10 are unlikely to spontaneously clear acute HCV infection, they should be prioritized for early antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Applegate
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alana Sherker
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Yeung
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M. Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Direct, interferon-independent activation of the CXCL10 promoter by NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 during hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 2013; 88:1582-90. [PMID: 24257594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02007-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of hepatocytes leads to transcriptional induction of the chemokine CXCL10, which is considered an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. However, we have recently shown that IFNs are not required for CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes during acute HCV infection. Since the CXCL10 promoter contains binding sites for several proinflammatory transcription factors, we investigated the contribution of these factors to CXCL10 transcriptional induction during HCV infection in vitro. Wild-type and mutant CXCL10 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs were used to identify critical sites of transcriptional regulation. The proximal IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and NF-κB binding sites positively regulated CXCL10 transcription during HCV infection as well as following exposure to poly(I·C) (a Toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3] stimulus) and 5' poly(U) HCV RNA (a retinoic acid-inducible gene I [RIG-I] stimulus) from two viral genotypes. Conversely, binding sites for AP-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β) negatively regulated CXCL10 induction in response to TLR3 and RIG-I stimuli, while only C/EBP-β negatively regulated CXCL10 during HCV infection. We also demonstrated that interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is transiently recruited to the proximal ISRE during HCV infection and localizes to the nucleus in HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, IRF3 activated the CXCL10 promoter independently of type I or type III IFN signaling. The data indicate that sensing of HCV infection by RIG-I and TLR3 leads to direct recruitment of NF-κB and IRF3 to the CXCL10 promoter. Our study expands upon current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes and lays the foundation for additional mechanistic studies that further elucidate the combinatorial and synergistic aspects of immune signaling pathways.
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Ydreborg M, Westin J, Rembeck K, Lindh M, Norrgren H, Holmberg A, Wejstål R, Norkrans G, Cardell K, Weiland O, Lagging M. Impact of Il28b-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on liver transient elastography in chronic hepatitis C infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80172. [PMID: 24244641 PMCID: PMC3828208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, several genome-wide association studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in proximity to IL28B predict spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as outcome following pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy among genotype 1 infected patients. Additionally the presence of the otherwise favorable IL28B genetic variants in the context of HCV genotype 3 infection reportedly entail more pronounced liver fibrosis and steatosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of IL28B SNP variability on liver stiffness as accessed by transient elastography. METHODS Seven hundred and seventy-one Swedish HCV infected patients sequentially undergoing liver stiffness measurement by means of Fibroscan® in the context of a real-life trial had samples available for IL28B genotyping (rs12979860) and HCV genotyping. RESULTS CC(rs12979860) was more common among HCV genotype 2 or 3 infected treatment-naïve patients than among those infected with genotype 1 (P<0.0001). Additionally CC(rs12979860) among HCV genotype 3 infected patients was associated with higher liver stiffness values (P = 0.004), and higher AST to platelet ratio index (APRI; p = 0.02) as compared to carriers of the T allele. Among HCV genotype 1 infected patients, CC(rs12979860) was significantly associated with higher viral load (P = 0.001), with a similar non-significant trend noted among HCV genotype 3 infected patients. CONCLUSION This study confirms previous reports that the CC(rs12979860) SNP is associated with more pronounced liver pathology in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 3 as compared to genotype 1, suggesting that IL28B genetic variants differently regulates the course of HCV infection across HCV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ydreborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Westin
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Rembeck
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Holmberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rune Wejstål
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norkrans
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Cardell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ola Weiland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Martin Lagging
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Konishi H, Shirabe K, Yoshiya S, Ikeda T, Ikegami T, Yoshizumi T, Ikawa-Yoshida A, Motomura T, Fukuhara T, Maehara Y. Hepatic interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 expression is more strongly associated with liver fibrosis than interleukin-28B single nucleotide polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma resected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:1139-47. [PMID: 23387467 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) around IL-28B and interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) expression are predictors of response to standard therapy involving IFN for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We analyzed the association between these predictors to improve the prediction of the response to IFN therapy after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Data were collected from 74 patients with HCV-induced HCC. The IL-28B genotype and hepatic ISG mRNA levels were analyzed to clarify their association, focusing on the progression of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Fifty patients were identified as having major alleles (rs8099917 TT) and the remaining 24 patients had minor alleles (rs8099917 TG or GG). Hepatic ISG15 expression was lower in the IL-28B major group than that in the IL-28B minor group (P < 0.005). IP-10 expression was similar between the IL-28B major and minor groups (P = 0.44). IP-10 expression was elevated with advancing stages of liver fibrosis in HCV infected patients (P = 0.005). In patients with mild or no fibrosis, the IL-28B major group had lower IP-10 expression than the IL-28B minor group (P = 0.02). However, in patients with advanced fibrosis, IP-10 expression was not different between the IL-28B major and minor groups (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION Hepatic ISG15 expression is associated with IL-28B polymorphisms, while IP-10 is strongly affected by liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Konishi
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Since the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by molecular cloning almost a quarter of a century ago, unprecedented at the time because the virus had never been grown in cell culture or detected serologically, there have been impressive strides in many facets of our understanding of the natural history of the disease, the viral life cycle, the pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy. It is apparent that the virus has developed multiple strategies to evade immune surveillance and eradication. This Review covers what we currently understand of the temporal and spatial immunological changes within the human innate and adaptive host immune responses that ultimately determine the outcomes of HCV infection.
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Brownell J, Wagoner J, Lovelace ES, Thirstrup D, Mohar I, Smith W, Giugliano S, Li K, Crispe IN, Rosen HR, Polyak SJ. Independent, parallel pathways to CXCL10 induction in HCV-infected hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2013; 59:701-8. [PMID: 23770038 PMCID: PMC3779522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 is induced by HCV infection in vitro and in vivo, and is associated with outcome of IFN (interferon)-based therapy. We studied how hepatocyte sensing of early HCV infection via TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) and RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) led to expression of CXCL10. METHODS CXCL10, type I IFN, and type III IFN mRNAs and proteins were measured in PHH (primary human hepatocytes) and hepatocyte lines harboring functional or non-functional TLR3 and RIG-I pathways following HCV infection or exposure to receptor-specific stimuli. RESULTS HuH7 human hepatoma cells expressing both TLR3 and RIG-I produced maximal CXCL10 during early HCV infection. Neutralization of type I and type III IFNs had no impact on virus-induced CXCL10 expression in TLR3+/RIG-I+ HuH7 cells, but reduced CXCL10 expression in PHH. PHH cultures were positive for monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell mRNAs. Immunodepletion of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) eliminated marker expression in PHH cultures, which then showed no IFN requirement for CXCL10 induction during HCV infection. Immunofluorescence studies also revealed a positive correlation between intracellular HCV Core and CXCL10 protein expression (r(2) = 0.88, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes during the initial phase of HCV infection is independent of hepatocyte-derived type I and type III IFNs, NPC-derived IFNs contribute to CXCL10 induction during HCV infection in PHH cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brownell
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesley Smith
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Stephen J. Polyak
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Saludes V, Bascuñana E, Jordana-Lluch E, Casanovas S, Ardèvol M, Soler E, Planas R, Ausina V, Martró E. Relevance of baseline viral genetic heterogeneity and host factors for treatment outcome prediction in hepatitis C virus 1b-infected patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72600. [PMID: 24015264 PMCID: PMC3755994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only about 50% of patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) respond to treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin (dual therapy), and protease inhibitors have to be administered together with these drugs increasing costs and side-effects. We aimed to develop a predictive model of treatment response based on a combination of baseline clinical and viral parameters. METHODOLOGY Seventy-four patients chronically infected with HCV-1b and treated with dual therapy were studied (53 retrospectively -training group-, and 21 prospectively -validation group-). Host and viral-related factors (viral load, and genetic variability in the E1-E2, core and Interferon Sensitivity Determining Region) were assessed. Multivariate discriminant analysis and decision tree analysis were used to develop predictive models on the training group, which were then validated in the validation group. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A multivariate discriminant predictive model was generated including the following variables in decreasing order of significance: the number of viral variants in the E1-E2 region, an amino acid substitution pattern in the viral core region, the IL28B polymorphism, serum GGT and ALT levels, and viral load. Using this model treatment outcome was accurately predicted in the training group (AUROC = 0.9444; 96.3% specificity, 94.7% PPV, 75% sensitivity, 81% NPV), and the accuracy remained high in the validation group (AUROC = 0.8148, 88.9% specificity, 90.0% PPV, 75.0% sensitivity, 72.7% NPV). A second model was obtained by a decision tree analysis and showed a similarly high accuracy in the training group but a worse reproducibility in the validation group (AUROC = 0.9072 vs. 0.7361, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The baseline predictive models obtained including both host and viral variables had a high positive predictive value in our population of Spanish HCV-1b treatment naïve patients. Accurately identifying those patients that would respond to the dual therapy could help reducing implementation costs and additional side effects of new treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Saludes
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Bascuñana
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sònia Casanovas
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mercè Ardèvol
- Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther Soler
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Planas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Ausina
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Elisa Martró
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Arnaud C, Pradat P, Spaziante M, Berthillon P, Maynard M, Taliani G, Chemin I, Trépo C, Petit MA. Pretreatment predictive factors for hepatitis C therapy outcome: relevance of anti-E1E2 antibodies compared to IP-10 and IL28B genotypes. Antivir Ther 2013; 18:1027-32. [PMID: 23948510 DOI: 10.3851/imp2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unique serum anti-E1E2 antibodies were shown to be associated with spontaneous recovery or predictive of sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) therapy. The objectives were to establish the relationship between pretreatment anti-E1E2 titres and HCV RNA kinetics during PEG-IFN/RBV therapy, and to examine whether the combined determination of interleukin (IL)28B rs12979860 and rs8099917, pretreatment inducible protein (IP)-10 levels and/or anti-E1E2 improved the prediction of SVR. METHODS Sera from 26 treatment-naive consecutive HCV patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV for 48 weeks were analysed. Serum anti-E1E2 titres and pretreatment IP-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IL28B variants were determined using genotyping real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Viral decline was measured at weeks (W) 4 and 12 and SVR assessed 6 months after the end of therapy. RESULTS Baseline anti-E1E2 titres were correlated with HCV RNA decline at W4 and W12 and were highly predictive of SVR with 100% of patients negative for anti-E1E2 failing to achieve SVR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicate that the best prediction of SVR (AUC 0.990) was obtained with the combination of anti-E1E2 and IP-10 levels. Predictive values were better than those obtained with IP-10 alone or in combination with IL28B variants. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment serum anti-E1E2 response predicts HCV RNA clearance kinetics and treatment outcome. The combination of anti-E1E2 and IP-10 significantly improved the prediction of treatment response. This warrants further investigation and validation on larger cohorts of patients in the context of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Arnaud
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
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Neukam K, Barreiro P, Rivero-Juárez A, Caruz A, Mira JA, Camacho A, Macías J, Rivero A, Soriano V, Pineda JA. Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is suboptimal in IL28B CC carriers without rapid response. J Infect 2013; 67:59-64. [PMID: 23542783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some experts consider that hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-infected patients harboring IL28B genotype CC should be treated with interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). This study aimed to assess the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) in these subjects, according to whether they achieve rapid virological response (RVR) or not. METHODS Prospective cohort study conducted at the Infectious Diseases Units of three Spanish hospitals. 220 treatment-naive, HCV genotype 1-infected patients, 160 of them HIV/HCV-coinfected, who initiated dual therapy with peg-IFN plus RBV were analyzed in an on-treatment approach. RESULTS 29 (18%) HIV/HCV-coinfected and 14 (23%) HCV-monoinfected (p = 0.44) individuals developed RVR. In the overall population, 32 (39%) patients with IL28B genotype CC versus 11 (8%) bearing genotype non-CC achieved RVR (p < 0.0001). In HCV-monoinfected patients with IL28B genotype CC, SVR was observed in 12 (92%) of those who achieved RVR and in 3 (30%) of those who did not (p = 0.0018). The corresponding figures for HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals were 19 (100%) and 14 (35%), respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Treatment-naïve HCV-genotype 1-infected patients bearing favorable IL28B genotype should not be treated with dual therapy including Peg-IFN plus RBV if they do not achieve RVR. These subjects clearly represent candidates for more effective therapy with direct-acting antivirals. SUMMARY Some experts consider that hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-infected patients harboring the favorable IL28B genotype CC should be treated with interferon plus ribavirin. However, patients harboring favorable IL28B genotype should not be considered likely responders to the same extent. This prospective cohort study conducted in 220 treatment-naive HCV-infected patients with or without HIV coinfection patients shows that among the IL28B CC carriers, while the subset of those patients who achieve negative plasma HCV-RNA after 4 weeks (rapid virological response, RVR) of dual therapy have a rate of sustained virological response near to 100%, those who do not present RVR show a response rate lower than 40%. Therefore, treatment-naïve HCV-genotype 1-infected patients bearing favorable IL28B genotype who do not achieve RVR should be considered candidates for more effective therapy with direct-acting antivirals like boceprevir or telaprevir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Neukam
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Avenida de Bellavista S/N, Seville, Spain
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Grebely J, Feld JJ, Applegate T, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Sherker A, Petoumenos K, Zang G, Shaw I, Yeung B, George J, Teutsch S, Kaldor JM, Cherepanov V, Bruneau J, Shoukry NH, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ. Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels during acute hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2013; 57:2124-34. [PMID: 23325615 PMCID: PMC3663887 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Systemic levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are predictive of treatment-induced clearance in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, factors associated with plasma IP-10 levels at the time of acute HCV detection and the association between IP-10 levels and spontaneous clearance were assessed in three cohorts of acute HCV infection. Among 299 individuals, 245 (181 male, 47 human immunodeficiency virus-positive [HIV+]) were HCV RNA+ at acute HCV detection. In adjusted analysis, factors independently associated with IP-10 levels ≥150 pg/mL (median level) included HCV RNA levels >6 log IU/mL, HIV coinfection and non-Aboriginal ethnicity. Among 245 HCV RNA+ at acute HCV detection, 214 were untreated (n = 137) or had persistent infection (infection duration ≥26 weeks) at treatment initiation (n = 77). Spontaneous clearance occurred in 14% (29 of 214). Individuals without spontaneous clearance had significantly higher mean plasma IP-10 levels at the time of acute HCV detection than those with clearance (248 ± 32 versus 142 ± 22 pg/mL, P = 0.008). The proportion of individuals with spontaneous clearance was 0% (0 of 22, P = 0.048) and 16% (27 of 165) and in those with and without plasma IP-10 levels ≥380 pg/mL. In adjusted analyses, favorable IL28B genotype was associated with spontaneous clearance, while higher HCV RNA level was independently associated with lower odds of spontaneous clearance. CONCLUSION High IP-10 levels at acute HCV detection were associated with failure to spontaneously clear HCV. Patients with acute HCV and high baseline IP-10 levels, particularly >380 pg/mL, should be considered for early therapeutic intervention, and those with low levels should defer therapy for potential spontaneous clearance. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Tanya Applegate
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne
| | | | - Kathy Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geng Zang
- Centre de Recheche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Ineke Shaw
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Yeung
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - Suzy Teutsch
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M. Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recheche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recheche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Gélinas JF, Fabre T, Willems P, Leung RC, George J, Willems B, Bruneau J, Shoukry NH. IL28B SNP screening and distribution in the French Canadian population using a rapid PCR-based test. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:397-403. [PMID: 23455512 PMCID: PMC3651821 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proximity of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene can predict spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to interferon therapy. Screening for this polymorphism has become part of the standard criteria for the management of HCV-infected patients, hence the need for a rapid, cost-effective screening method. Here, we describe a rapid PCR-based test to screen for two IL28B SNPs (rs12979860 and rs8099917). We used this test to investigate IL28B polymorphism and prevalence in a cohort of French Canadian injection drug users who are part of a unique population known to have a strong genetic founder effect. This population had lower linkage disequilibrium between the two tested SNPs as compared to other cohorts (|d'| = 0.68, r = 0.59). The special genetic makeup should be considered in the management of HCV-infected patients within that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Gélinas
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
- Present Address: Gene Medicine Research Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe Willems
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
| | - Reynold C. Leung
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Bernard Willems
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
- Département de médicine familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Hôpital St-Luc, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 264 boul. René-Lévesque Est, Local PEA-316, Montréal, Québec H2X 1P1 Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
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Kondo Y, Kato T, Kimura O, Iwata T, Ninomiya M, Kakazu E, Miura M, Akahane T, Miyazaki Y, Kobayashi T, Ishii M, Kisara N, Sasaki K, Nakayama H, Igarashi T, Obara N, Ueno Y, Morosawa T, Shimosegawa T. 1(OH) vitamin D3 supplementation improves the sensitivity of the immune-response during Peg-IFN/RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients-case controlled trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63672. [PMID: 23717463 PMCID: PMC3662784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 can affect immune cells. However, the mechanism responsible for the favorable effects of 1(OH) vitamin D3, which becomes 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in the liver, is not clear. The aim of this study is to analyze the immunological response of 1(OH) vitamin D3 supplementation in CH-C patients. DESIGN Forty-two CH-C patients were treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFNα/RBV. Forty-two case-matched controls were treated with Peg-IFNα/RBV. The expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)-mRNA in the liver biopsy samples and JFH-1 replicating Huh-7 cells were quantified by real-time PCR. Ten kinds of cytokines in the plasma were quantified during treatment by using a suspension beads array. A trans-well co-culture system with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Huh-7 cells was used to analyze the effect of 1(OH) vitamin D3. The activities of the Th1 response were compared between subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV and those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV therapy alone. RESULTS 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV treatment could induce rapid viral reduction, especially in IL28B T/T polymorphism. Several kinds of cytokines including IP-10 were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of 1(OH) vitamin D3 treatment (p<0.05). Th1 responses in the subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV were significantly higher than those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV at 12 weeks after Peg-IFN/RBV therapy (p<0.05). The expression of ISGs in the patient's liver biopsy samples was significantly lower than in those treated without 1(OH) vitamin D3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION 1(OH) vitamin D3 could improve the sensitivity of Peg-IFN/RBV therapy on HCV-infected hepatocytes by reducing the IP-10 production from PBMCs and ISGs expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai City, Japan.
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1(OH) vitamin D3 supplementation improves the sensitivity of the immune-response during Peg-IFN/RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients-case controlled trial. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 23717463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063672.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 can affect immune cells. However, the mechanism responsible for the favorable effects of 1(OH) vitamin D3, which becomes 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in the liver, is not clear. The aim of this study is to analyze the immunological response of 1(OH) vitamin D3 supplementation in CH-C patients. DESIGN Forty-two CH-C patients were treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFNα/RBV. Forty-two case-matched controls were treated with Peg-IFNα/RBV. The expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)-mRNA in the liver biopsy samples and JFH-1 replicating Huh-7 cells were quantified by real-time PCR. Ten kinds of cytokines in the plasma were quantified during treatment by using a suspension beads array. A trans-well co-culture system with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Huh-7 cells was used to analyze the effect of 1(OH) vitamin D3. The activities of the Th1 response were compared between subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV and those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV therapy alone. RESULTS 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV treatment could induce rapid viral reduction, especially in IL28B T/T polymorphism. Several kinds of cytokines including IP-10 were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of 1(OH) vitamin D3 treatment (p<0.05). Th1 responses in the subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV were significantly higher than those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV at 12 weeks after Peg-IFN/RBV therapy (p<0.05). The expression of ISGs in the patient's liver biopsy samples was significantly lower than in those treated without 1(OH) vitamin D3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION 1(OH) vitamin D3 could improve the sensitivity of Peg-IFN/RBV therapy on HCV-infected hepatocytes by reducing the IP-10 production from PBMCs and ISGs expression in the liver.
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