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Debnath K, Qayoom I, O'Donnell S, Ekiert J, Wang C, Sanborn MA, Liu C, Rivera A, Cho IS, Saichellappa S, Toth PT, Mehta D, Rehman J, Du X, Gao Y, Shin JW. Matrimeres are systemic nanoscale mediators of tissue integrity and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586585. [PMID: 38585943 PMCID: PMC10996590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tissue barriers must be rapidly restored after injury to promote regeneration. However, the mechanism behind this process is unclear, particularly in cases where the underlying extracellular matrix is still compromised. Here, we report the discovery of matrimeres as constitutive nanoscale mediators of tissue integrity and function. We define matrimeres as non-vesicular nanoparticles secreted by cells, distinguished by a primary composition comprising at least one matrix protein and DNA molecules serving as scaffolds. Mesenchymal stromal cells assemble matrimeres from fibronectin and DNA within acidic intracellular compartments. Drawing inspiration from this biological process, we have achieved the successful reconstitution of matrimeres without cells. This was accomplished by using purified matrix proteins, including fibronectin and vitronectin, and DNA molecules under optimal acidic pH conditions, guided by the heparin-binding domain and phosphate backbone, respectively. Plasma fibronectin matrimeres circulate in the blood at homeostasis but exhibit a 10-fold decrease during systemic inflammatory injury in vivo . Exogenous matrimeres rapidly restore vascular integrity by actively reannealing endothelial cells post-injury and remain persistent in the host tissue matrix. The scalable production of matrimeres holds promise as a biologically inspired platform for regenerative nanomedicine.
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2
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Induced Endothelial Cell-Integrated Liver Assembloids Promote Hepatic Maturation and Therapeutic Effect on Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142242. [PMID: 35883684 PMCID: PMC9317515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived liver organoids has been studied to solve the current donor shortage. However, the differentiation of unintended cell populations, difficulty in generating multi-lineage organoids, and tumorigenicity of PSC-derived organoids are challenges. However, direct conversion technology has allowed for the generation lineage-restricted induced stem cells from somatic cells bypassing the pluripotent state, thereby eliminating tumorigenic risks. Here, liver assembloids (iHEAs) were generated by integrating induced endothelial cells (iECs) into the liver organoids (iHLOs) generated with induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSCs). Liver assembloids showed enhanced functional maturity compared to iHLOs in vitro and improved therapeutic effects on cholestatic liver fibrosis animals in vivo. Mechanistically, FN1 expressed from iECs led to the upregulation of Itgα5/β1 and Hnf4α in iHEAs and were correlated to the decreased expression of genes related to hepatic stellate cell activation such as Lox and Spp1 in the cholestatic liver fibrosis animals. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the possibility of generating transplantable iHEAs with directly converted cells, and our results evidence that integrating iECs allows iHEAs to have enhanced hepatic maturation compared to iHLOs.
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3
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Li R, Liu J, Ma J, Sun X, Wang Y, Yan J, Yu Q, Diao J, Yang C, Reid LM, Wang Y. Fibrinogen improves liver function via promoting cell aggregation and fibronectin assembly in hepatic spheroids. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121266. [PMID: 34875515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many key functions performed by the liver depend on the interaction between parenchymal cells and the microenvironment comprised of neighboring cells and extracellular matrix. The biological macromolecules in the matrix, which are dynamically changing, participate in various physiological processes through interactions with cell surface receptors, antigens, and ion channels. We found the rat liver biomatrix scaffold (LBS) prepared from adult rats is more effective in enhancing the function of hepatic spheroids than those derived from newborn or senile rats. Combined with matrisome and bioinformatics analyses, we further found that the glycoproteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen may have special potential for improving hepatocyte function. Human primary hepatocyte organoids and HepaRG spheroids showed more mature hepatocyte phenotype after adding fibronectin and fibrinogen to the culture system. During the cultivation of hepatic spheroids, fibrinogen resulted in an increase in cell-cell junction by promoting cell aggregation and helping fibronectin to assemble on cell surface, which resulted in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Fibronectin-integrin αVβ1-Wnt/β-catenin may be the axis of signal transduction in parenchymal cell microenvironment. Importantly, fibrinogen enhances the signal transduction. These results suggest that the addition of fibronectin and fibrinogen to the 3D culture system is a new strategy for inducing parenchymal cell functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuer Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiexin Yan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qunfang Yu
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jinmei Diao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lola M Reid
- Biology and Biotechnology, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
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4
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Handin N, Mickols E, Ölander M, Rudfeldt J, Blom K, Nyberg F, Senkowski W, Urdzik J, Maturi V, Fryknäs M, Artursson P. Conditions for maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation and function in 3D cultures. iScience 2021; 24:103235. [PMID: 34746700 PMCID: PMC8551077 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spheroid cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are used in studies of hepatic drug metabolism and toxicity. The cultures are maintained under different conditions, with possible confounding results. We performed an in-depth analysis of the influence of various culture conditions to find the optimal conditions for the maintenance of an in vivo like phenotype. The formation, protein expression, and function of PHH spheroids were followed for three weeks in a high-throughput 384-well format. Medium composition affected spheroid histology, global proteome profile, drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity. No epithelial-mesenchymal transition was observed. Media with fasting glucose and insulin levels gave spheroids with phenotypes closest to normal PHH. The most expensive medium resulted in PHH features most divergent from that of native PHH. Our results provide a protocol for culture of healthy PHH with maintained function - a prerequisite for studies of hepatocyte homeostasis and more reproducible hepatocyte research. 3D spheroid cultures were established in 384-well format Eight different media variants were used to optimize the 3D cultures Optimized William's medium was as good as expensive commercial medium The 3D cultures were used to study drug metabolism and toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evgeniya Mickols
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ölander
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Rudfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Blom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frida Nyberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Senkowski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jozef Urdzik
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varun Maturi
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Shihan MH, Kanwar M, Wang Y, Jackson EE, Faranda AP, Duncan MK. Fibronectin has multifunctional roles in posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Matrix Biol 2020; 90:79-108. [PMID: 32173580 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic posterior capsular opacification (PCO), one of the major complications of cataract surgery, occurs when lens epithelial cells (LCs) left behind post cataract surgery (PCS) undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migrate into the optical axis and produce opaque scar tissue. LCs left behind PCS robustly produce fibronectin, although its roles in fibrotic PCO are not known. In order to determine the function of fibronectin in PCO pathogenesis, we created mice lacking the fibronectin gene (FN conditional knock out -FNcKO) from the lens. While animals from this line have normal lenses, upon lens fiber cell removal which models cataract surgery, FNcKO LCs exhibit a greatly attenuated fibrotic response from 3 days PCS onward as assessed by a reduction in surgery-induced cell proliferation, and fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) production and deposition. This is correlated with less upregulation of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) and integrin signaling in FNcKO LCs PCS concomitant with sustained Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling and elevation of the epithelial cell marker E cadherin. Although the initial fibrotic response of FNcKO LCs was qualitatively normal at 48 h PCS as measured by the upregulation of fibrotic marker protein αSMA, RNA sequencing revealed that the fibrotic response was already quantitatively attenuated at this time, as measured by the upregulation of mRNAs encoding molecules that control, and are controlled by, TGFβ signaling, including many known markers of fibrosis. Most notably, gremlin-1, a known regulator of TGFβ superfamily signaling, was upregulated sharply in WT LCs PCS, while this response was attenuated in FNcKO LCs. As exogenous administration of either active TGFβ1 or gremlin-1 to FNcKO lens capsular bags rescued the attenuated fibrotic response of fibronectin null LCs PCS including the loss of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, this suggests that fibronectin plays multifunctional roles in fibrotic PCO development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Shihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mallika Kanwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Erin E Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Adam P Faranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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6
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Lee JW, Beatty GL. Inflammatory networks cultivate cancer cell metastasis to the liver. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:642-651. [PMID: 32053029 PMCID: PMC7145328 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1728013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most frequent site of metastatic spread in malignancies that arise from the digestive system, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Metastasis to the liver is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, yet mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. Until recently, liver tropism of metastasis was believed to be driven by mechanical factors that direct the passive flow of circulating cancer cells to the liver. However, emerging evidence now shows that liver metastasis is a dynamic process that is, at least in part, dependent on the formation of a "pro-metastatic niche". Key features of this niche are myeloid cells and fibrosis that support cancer cell colonization and growth. Inflammatory responses that are mounted early during primary tumor development are critical for the recruitment of myeloid cells and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the liver. Intriguingly, the inflammatory processes that direct the formation of a pro-metastatic niche share remarkable resemblance to mechanisms of liver injury and regeneration, suggesting that cancer co-opts physiological liver functions to support metastasis. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target key elements of liver inflammation that form the basis of a pro-metastatic niche may lead to effective treatments for metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W. Lee
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory L. Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a long-standing concern of modern medicine, and the single most frequent reason for drug nonapprovals and postapproval restrictions or withdrawals. Chemical probes for early diagnosis of DILI has triggered a tremendous interest in the field of molecular imaging. In this review, we make a brief summary of the recently developed chemical probes and their applications in DILI imaging with special attention to the design of chemical probes, mechanism of their actions and their performances in DILI imaging.
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8
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Chen X, Chen X, Zou Q, Wu Y, Chen Y. Recombinant C-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin polypeptide protects against liver damage, reduces serum inflammatory cytokines, and decreases mortality in acute liver failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2092-2099. [PMID: 31934031 PMCID: PMC6949616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of recombinant C-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin (FNCHBD) polypeptide on live-damage protection, inflammation, and mortality in acute liver failure (ALF) mice. 25 mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal controls, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN), 5 mg/kg FNCHBD, 10 mg/kg FNCHBD and 20 mg/kg FNCHBD groups. Blood samples were obtained at 9 h after treatment for measurement of liver indexes and inflammatory cytokine levels, and livers were acquired for H&E and TUNEL staining assays. 90 mice (18 mice in each group) were randomly divided into five groups for mortality assessment after LPS/GalN administration at 48 h. Compared to LPS/GalN group, levels of blood liver indexes including AST, ALT and TBIL were decreased in FNCHBD polypeptide-treated groups. H&E staining disclosed FNCHBD polypeptide protected cell morphology and histomorphology, and necrosis rates in FNCHBD polypeptide-treated groups were lower compared to LPS/GalN group. TUNEL staining assay revealed cell apoptosis was inhibited in FNCHBD polypeptide-treated groups compared to LPS/GalN group. Serum inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced in FNCHBD polypeptide-treated groups compared to LPS/GalN group. As to mortality rate, it was only decreased in 10 mg/kg FNCHBD and 20 mg/kg FNCHBD groups but not in 5 mg/kg FNCHBD compared to LPS/GaIN group. In addition, most effects of FNCHBD presented in a dose-dependent manner. FNCHBD polypeptide protects against liver damage, inhibits elevation of serum inflammatory cytokines, and decreases mortality in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qilian Zou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Grant R, Hallett J, Forbes S, Hay D, Callanan A. Blended electrospinning with human liver extracellular matrix for engineering new hepatic microenvironments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6293. [PMID: 31000735 PMCID: PMC6472345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of a transplantable liver could provide an alternative to donor livers for transplant, solving the problem of escalating donor shortages. One of the challenges for tissue engineers is the extracellular matrix (ECM); a finely controlled in vivo niche which supports hepatocytes. Polymers and decellularized tissue scaffolds each provide some of the necessary biological cues for hepatocytes, however, neither alone has proved sufficient. Enhancing microenvironments using bioactive molecules allows researchers to create more appropriate niches for hepatocytes. We combined decellularized human liver tissue with electrospun polymers to produce a niche for hepatocytes and compared the human liver ECM to its individual components; Collagen I, Laminin-521 and Fibronectin. The resulting scaffolds were validated using THLE-3 hepatocytes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed retention of proteins in the scaffolds. Mechanical testing demonstrated significant increases in the Young's Modulus of the decellularized ECM scaffold; providing significantly stiffer environments for hepatocytes. Each scaffold maintained hepatocyte growth, albumin production and influenced expression of key hepatic genes, with the decellularized ECM scaffolds exerting an influence which is not recapitulated by individual ECM components. Blended protein:polymer scaffolds provide a viable, translatable niche for hepatocytes and offers a solution to current obstacles in disease modelling and liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Grant
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - John Hallett
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stuart Forbes
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Hay
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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10
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Zeng X, Chen Z, Tang L, Yang H, Liu N, Zhou H, Li Y, Wu J, Deng Z, Yu Y, Deng H, Hong X, Xiao Y. A novel near-infrared fluorescent light-up probe for tumor imaging and drug-induced liver injury detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2541-2544. [PMID: 30742156 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel near-infrared fluorescent light-up probe with a tumor-homing pentapeptide, CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala), specifically binds to fibrin-fibronectin complexes was rationally designed and developed for biomedical imaging. Its superior practical applications in tumor imaging and drug-induced liver injury detection are well demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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11
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Yang YQ, Yan XT, Wang K, Tian RM, Lu ZY, Wu LL, Xu HT, Wu YS, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Liu B. Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 30210350 PMCID: PMC6124152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2) transcription factor not only regulates oxidative stress response, but also represses inflammation by regulating cytokines production and cross-talking with NF-κB signaling pathways. Nrf2 plays an essential role in liver injury induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Triptriolide (T11) is a minor component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), which can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction of triptolide (T9). The major purpose of this study is to clarify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress (ROS and Nrf2 signaling pathway) and inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) luciferase assay was employed to evaluate Nrf2 activation effect of T11 in HEK-293T cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice were used to study the protective effects (ALT, AST, MDA, SOD, histopathology and neutrophils/macrophages filtration) and the underlying protection mechanisms of ALI amelioration (Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway) of T11. Firstly, the results showed that T11 can not only effectively decrease the productions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but also further significantly increase the activity of Nrf2 in HEK-293T cells. Secondly, the results suggested that T11 could dramatically decrease the oxidative stress responses (SOD and MDA) and inflammation (histopathology, neutrophils/macrophages filtration, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production) in LPS-induced ALI in BALB/c mice. Finally, the results implied that T11 could dramatically increase Nrf2 protein expression and decrease p-TAK1, p-IκBα and NF-κB protein expression both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings indicated that T11 could alleviate LPS induced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, which offers a novel insights for the application of TwHF in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Yan
- Affiliated Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Guo X, Li W, Ma M, Lu X, Zhang H. Endothelial cell-derived matrix promotes the metabolic functional maturation of hepatocyte via integrin-Src signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2809-2822. [PMID: 28470937 PMCID: PMC5661128 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is involved in the regulation of hepatocyte phenotype and function. Recently, the cell‐derived extracellular matrix has been proposed to represent the bioactive and biocompatible materials of the native ECM. Here, we show that the endothelial cell‐derived matrix (EC matrix) promotes the metabolic maturation of human adipose stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells (hASC‐HLCs) through the activation of the transcription factor forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) and the nuclear receptors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Reducing the fibronectin content in the EC matrix or silencing the expression of α5 integrin in the hASC‐HLCs inhibited the effect of the EC matrix on Src phosphorylation and hepatocyte maturation. The inhibition of Src phosphorylation using the inhibitor PP2 or silencing the expression of Src in hASC‐HLCs also attenuated the up‐regulation of the metabolic function of hASC‐HLCs in a nuclear receptor‐dependent manner. These data elucidate integrin‐Src signalling linking the extrinsic EC matrix signals and metabolic functional maturation of hepatocyte. This study provides a model for studying the interaction between hepatocytes and non‐parenchymal cell‐derived matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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He L, Yuan FH, Chen T, Huang Q, Wang Y, Liu ZG. ER stress-mediated cell damage contributes to the release of EDA + fibronectin from hepatocytes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:217-225. [PMID: 28397039 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin containing extra domain A (EDA+ FN), a functional glycoprotein participating in several cellular processes, correlates with chronic liver disease. Herein, we aim to investigate the expression and secretion of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanisms. Circulating levels of EDA+ FN were determined by ELISA in clinical samples. Western blotting and flow cytometry were performed on L02 and HepG2 cell lines to analyze whether the levels of EDA+ FN were associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cell death. Circulating levels of EDA+ FN in NAFLD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects, and positively related with severity of ultrasonographic steatosis score. In cultured hepatocytes, palmitate up-regulated the expression of EDA+ FN in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, when the cells were pretreated with 4-phenylbutyrate, a specific inhibitor of ER stress, up-regulation of EDA+ FN could be abrogated. Moreover, silencing CHOP by shRNA enhanced the release of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes following palmitate treatment, which was involved in ER stress-related cell damage. These findings suggest that the up-regulated level of EDA+ FN is associated with liver damage in NAFLD, and ER stress-mediated cell damage contributes to the release of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fa-Hu Yuan
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Shih SC, Ho TC, Chen SL, Tsao YP. Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor Peptide Protects Murine Hepatocytes from Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157647. [PMID: 27384427 PMCID: PMC4934881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrogenesis is induced by repeated injury to the liver and reactive regeneration and leads eventually to liver cirrhosis. Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) has been shown to prevent liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A 44 amino acid domain of PEDF (44-mer) was found to have a protective effect against various insults to several cell types. In this study, we investigated the capability of synthetic 44-mer to protect against liver injury in mice and in primary cultured hepatocytes. Acute liver injury, induced by CCl4, was evident from histological changes, such as cell necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, and a concomitant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and GSH redox enzyme activities in the liver. Intraperitoneal injection of the 44-mer into CCl4-treated mice abolished the induction of AST and ALT and markedly reduced histological signs of liver injury. The 44-mer treatment can reduce hepatic oxidative stress as evident from lower levels of lipid hydroperoxide, and higher levels of GSH. CCl4 caused a reduction of Bcl-xL, PEDF and PPARγ, which was markedly restored by the 44-mer treatment. Consequently, the 44-mer suppressed liver fibrosis induced by repeated CCl4 injury. Furthermore, our observations in primary culture of rat hepatocytes showed that PEDF and the 44-mer protected primary rat hepatocytes against apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and TGF-β1. PEDF/44-mer induced cell protective STAT3 phosphorylation. Pharmacological STAT3 inhibition prevented the antiapoptotic action of PEDF/44-mer. Among several PEDF receptor candidates that may be responsible for hepatocyte protection, we demonstrated that PNPLA2 was essential for PEDF/44-mer-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and antiapoptotic activity by using siRNA to selectively knockdown PNPLA2. In conclusion, the PEDF 44-mer protects hepatocytes from single and repeated CCl4 injury. This protective effect may stem from strengthening the counter oxidative stress capacity and induction of hepatoprotective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chuan Shih
- Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCS); (YPT)
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCS); (YPT)
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Salvianolate Protects Hepatocytes from Oxidative Stress by Attenuating Mitochondrial Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5408705. [PMID: 27340417 PMCID: PMC4909905 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5408705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolate is widely used to treat angiocardiopathy in clinic in China, but its application in liver diseases remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the effect of Salvianolate on rat hepatic injury by protecting hepatocyte mitochondria. To evaluate the effects of Salvianolate on injured hepatocytes, alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells were induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated with Salvianolate. Cell viability and MitoTracker Green for mitochondria and 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazole-carbocyanide iodine (JC-1) levels and cytochrome C (Cyto-C) expressions were detected in vitro. To identify the effect of Salvianolate on protecting against mitochondria injury, male Wistar rats were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated with Salvianolate (40 mg·kg−1). Serum liver function, parameters for peroxidative damage, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) of hepatocyte mitochondria were assayed. Our results showed that Salvianolate effectively protected hepatocytes, increased mitochondria vitality, and decreased Cyto-C expressions in vitro. Besides, Salvianolate alleviated the liver function, attenuated the indicators of peroxidation, and relieved the mitochondria injury in vivo. In conclusion, Salvianolate is effective in protecting hepatocytes from injury in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanism might be related to its protective effect on hepatocyte mitochondria against oxidative stress.
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Tsai MS, Suksaweang S, Jiang TX, Wu P, Kao YH, Lee PH, Widelitz R, Chuong CM. Proper BMP Signaling Levels Are Essential for 3D Assembly of Hepatic Cords from Hepatoblasts and Mesenchymal Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3669-80. [PMID: 26173507 PMCID: PMC5572674 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis of the hepatic cord and sinus are unclear, we investigated the involvement of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4) in hepatic sinusoid morphogenesis. METHODS We used embryonic chicken livers, which develop rapidly, as our model, and investigated expression of BMP-related genes. BMP4 activity was manipulated by overexpressing BMP4 and its antagonist, noggin. RESULTS During hepatic cord morphogenesis, BMP4 and its receptors are expressed in both peri-sinusoidal cells and hepatoblasts as the sinusoids form, whereas noggin is expressed transiently in peri-sinusoidal cells at early stages. Suppression of BMP activity with noggin overexpression disrupted normal hepatic sinusoid structure, leading to liver congestion, failure of fibronectin deposition, and markedly reduced numbers of peri-sinusoidal cells. However, overexpression of BMP did not change sinusoidal morphology but increased endothelial cell number. Noggin overexpression resulted in disrupted cord organization, and dilated sinusoidal space, eventually leading to increased apoptosis and failed hepatocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that proper BMP signaling mediates peri-sinusoidal cell-hepatoblast interactions during development; this is essential for hepatic cord organization among hepatoblasts, endothelium, and presumptive hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shian Tsai
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sanong Suksaweang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Randall Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, HMR 315B, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Iwasaki A, Sakai K, Moriya K, Sasaki T, Keene DR, Akhtar R, Miyazono T, Yasumura S, Watanabe M, Morishita S, Sakai T. Molecular Mechanism Responsible for Fibronectin-controlled Alterations in Matrix Stiffness in Advanced Chronic Liver Fibrogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:72-88. [PMID: 26553870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening. However, the functional contribution of tissue stiffening to noncancer pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Fibronectin (Fn) is an ECM glycoprotein substantially expressed during tissue repair. Here we show in advanced chronic liver fibrogenesis using a mouse model lacking Fn that, unexpectedly, Fn-null livers lead to more extensive liver cirrhosis, which is accompanied by increased liver matrix stiffness and deteriorated hepatic functions. Furthermore, Fn-null livers exhibit more myofibroblast phenotypes and accumulate highly disorganized/diffuse collagenous ECM networks composed of thinner and significantly increased number of collagen fibrils during advanced chronic liver damage. Mechanistically, mutant livers show elevated local TGF-β activity and lysyl oxidase expressions. A significant amount of active lysyl oxidase is released in Fn-null hepatic stellate cells in response to TGF-β1 through canonical and noncanonical Smad such as PI3 kinase-mediated pathways. TGF-β1-induced collagen fibril stiffness in Fn-null hepatic stellate cells is significantly higher compared with wild-type cells. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase significantly reduces collagen fibril stiffness, and treatment of Fn recovers collagen fibril stiffness to wild-type levels. Thus, our findings indicate an indispensable role for Fn in chronic liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in negatively regulating TGF-β bioavailability, which in turn modulates ECM remodeling and stiffening and consequently preserves adult organ functions. Furthermore, this regulatory mechanism by Fn could be translated for a potential therapeutic target in a broader variety of chronic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Iwasaki
- From the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Keiko Sakai
- From the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kei Moriya
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Takako Sasaki
- the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Douglas R Keene
- the Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97231
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Centre for Materials and Structures, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - Takayoshi Miyazono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Toyama University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and
| | - Satoshi Yasumura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Toyama University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and
| | | | - Shin Morishita
- Environmental and Information Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Sakai
- From the MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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Moniaux N, Darnaud M, Garbin K, Dos Santos A, Guettier C, Samuel D, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, Bréchot C, Faivre J. The Reg3α (HIP/PAP) Lectin Suppresses Extracellular Oxidative Stress in a Murine Model of Acute Liver Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125584. [PMID: 25938566 PMCID: PMC4418718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapidly progressive heterogeneous illness with high mortality rate and no widely accessible cure. A promising drug candidate according to previous preclinical studies is the Reg3α (or HIP/PAP) lectin, which alleviates ALF through its free-radical scavenging activity. Here we study the therapeutic targets of Reg3α in order to gain information on the nature of the oxidative stress associated with ALF. Methods Primary hepatocytes stressed with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers TNFα and H2O2 were incubated with a recombinant Reg3α protein. ALF was induced in C57BL/6J mice by an anti-CD95 antibody. Livers and primary hepatocytes were harvested for deoxycholate separation of cellular and extracellular fractions, immunostaining, immunoprecipitation and malondialdehyde assays. Fibrin deposition was studied by immunofluorescence in frozen liver explants from patients with ALF. Results Fibrin deposition occurs during experimental and clinical acute liver injuries. Reg3α bound the resulting transient fibrin network, accumulated in the inflammatory extracellular matrix (ECM), greatly reduced extracellular ROS levels, and improved cell viability. Hepatocyte treatment with ligands of death receptors, e.g. TNFα and Fas, resulted in a twofold increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the deoxycholate-insoluble fractions. Reg3α treatment maintained MDA at a level similar to control cells and thereby increased hepatocyte survival by 35%. No antioxidant effect of Reg3α was noted in the deoxycholate-soluble fractions. Preventing fibrin network formation with heparin suppressed the prosurvival effect of Reg3α. Conclusions Reg3α is an ECM-targeted ROS scavenger that binds the fibrin scaffold resulting from hepatocyte death during ALF. ECM alteration is an important pathogenic factor of ALF and a relevant target for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- * E-mail: (NM); (JF)
| | - Marion Darnaud
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Kévin Garbin
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | | | | | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- * E-mail: (NM); (JF)
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Wang J, Yin L, Chen Z. Neuroprotective role of fibronectin in neuron-glial extrasynaptic transmission. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:376-82. [PMID: 25206678 PMCID: PMC4107531 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease are based on altered synaptic transmission of the nigrostriatal system. However, extrasynaptic transmission was recently found to affect dopamine neurotransmitter delivery by anisotropic diffusion in the extracellular matrix, which is modulated by various extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin. The present study reviewed the neuroprotective effect of fibronectin in extrasynaptic transmission. Fibronectin can regulate neuroactive substance diffusion and receptor activation, and exert anti- neuroinflammatory, adhesive and neuroprotective roles. Fibronectin can bind to integrin and growth factor receptors to transactivate intracellular signaling events such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway to regulate or amplify growth factor-like neuroprotective actions. Fibronectin is assembled into a fibrillar network around cells to facilitate cell migration, molecule and ion diffusion, and even drug delivery and treatment. In addition, the present study analyzed the neuroprotective mechanism of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, involving integrin and growth factor receptor interactions, and discussed the possible therapeutic and diagnostic significance of fibronectin in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Wang
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Institute of Medical Informatics, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
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20
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Chen Y, Shao Z, Yin Z, Jiang Z. Fibronectin predicts the outcome of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Int Health 2014; 7:67-72. [PMID: 25173344 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) is a serious condition with varied etiologies and manifestations, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Fibronectin is involved in a number of biological processes, including cellular adhesion, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, hemostasis, wound healing and ischemic injury. Serum fibronectin concentrations may provide prognostic information in ACHBLF; however, as a prognostic marker of mortality in patients with ACHBLF, it needs further validation. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine whether admission levels of fibronectin in ACHBLF patients are correlated with outcomes. In this prospective study, 78 ACHBLF patients were compared to 70 matched healthy controls. Fibronectin levels were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to determine the prognostic value of fibronectin levels on admission. RESULTS The median (range) fibronectin level at admission for ACHBLF patients was significantly reduced compared with that of healthy controls (142 [62-275] mg/l vs 265 [190-346] mg/l, respectively; p<0.001). Fibronectin levels were significantly higher in surviving patients than in those who died (155 [70-275] mg/l vs 119 [62-235] mg/l; p=0.020). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a cut-off level of 135 mg/l was the best prognostic indicator, yielding positive and negative predictive values of 60% (18/30) and 71% (30/42), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that decreased serum fibronectin levels in patients with ACHBLF were correlated to hepatic injury and inflammation. However, because of the lack of specificity, the use of fibronectin as an independent prognostic indicator is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Management Office, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhexin Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Management Office, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxiu Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China
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Sakai K, Jawaid S, Sasaki T, Bou-Gharios G, Sakai T. Transforming growth factor-β-independent role of connective tissue growth factor in the development of liver fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2611-7. [PMID: 25108224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling as a fibronectin-independent mechanism of type I collagen fibrillogenesis following adult liver injury. To address the contribution of TGF-β signaling during the development of liver fibrosis, we generated adult mice lacking TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βIIR) from the liver. TGF-βIIR knockout livers indeed showed a dominant effect in reducing fibrosis, but fibrosis still remained approximately 45% compared with control and fibronectin knockout livers. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by significant up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor mRNA levels. Organized type I collagen networks in TGF-βIIR knockout livers colocalized well with fibronectin. We provide evidence that elimination of TGF-βIIR is not sufficient to completely prevent liver fibrosis. Our results indicate a TGF-β-independent mechanism of type I collagen production and suggest connective tissue growth factor as its potent mediator. We advocate combined elimination of TGF-β signaling and connective tissue growth factor as a potential therapeutic target by which to attenuate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sakai
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Safdar Jawaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Takao Sakai
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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22
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Garcia-Irigoyen O, Carotti S, Latasa MU, Uriarte I, Fernández-Barrena MG, Elizalde M, Urtasun R, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Morini S, Banales JM, Parks WC, Rodriguez JA, Orbe J, Prieto J, Páramo JA, Berasain C, Ávila MA. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 expression is induced during hepatic injury and plays a fundamental role in liver tissue repair. Liver Int 2014; 34:e257-70. [PMID: 24119197 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Upon tissue injury, the liver mounts a potent reparative and regenerative response. A role for proteases, including serine and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in this process is increasingly recognized. We have evaluated the expression and function of MMP10 (stromelysin-2) in liver wound healing and regeneration. METHODS The hepatic expression of MMP10 was examined in two murine models: liver regeneration after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) and bile duct ligation (BDL). MMP10 was detected in liver tissues by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of growth factors and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists on MMP10 expression was studied in cultured parenchymal and biliary epithelial cells and macrophages respectively. The role of MMP10 was evaluated by comparing the response of Mmp10+/+ and Mmp10-/- mice to PH and BDL. The intrahepatic turnover of the extracellular matrix proteins fibrin (ogen) and fibronectin was examined. RESULTS MMP10 mRNA was readily induced after PH and BDL. MMP10 protein was detected in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and macrophages. In cultured liver epithelial cells, MMP10 expression was additively induced by transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. TLR4 ligands also stimulated MMP10 expression in macrophages. Lack of MMP10 resulted in increased liver injury upon PH and BDL. Resolution of necrotic areas was impaired, and Mmp10-/- mice showed increased fibrogenesis and defective turnover of fibrin (ogen) and fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS MMP10 expression is induced during mouse liver injury and participates in the hepatic wound healing response. The profibrinolytic activity of MMP10 may be essential in this novel hepatoprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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González-Rodríguez Á, Reibert B, Amann T, Constien R, Rondinone CM, Valverde ÁM. In vivo siRNA delivery of Keap1 modulates death and survival signaling pathways and attenuates concanavalin-A-induced acute liver injury in mice. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1093-100. [PMID: 24997191 PMCID: PMC4142729 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of acute liver failure (ALF). Transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) serves as an endogenous regulator by which cells combat oxidative stress. We have investigated liver damage and the balance between death and survival signaling pathways in concanavalin A (ConA)-mediated ALF using in vivo siRNA delivery targeting Keap1 in hepatocytes. For that goal, mice were injected with Keap1- or luciferase-siRNA-containing liposomes via the tail vein. After 48 hours, ALF was induced by ConA. Liver histology, pro-inflammatory mediators, antioxidant responses, cellular death, and stress and survival signaling were assessed. Keap1 mRNA and protein levels significantly decreased in livers of Keap1-siRNA-injected mice. In these animals, histological liver damage was less evident than in control mice when challenged with ConA. Likewise, markers of cellular death (FasL and caspases 8, 3 and 1) decreased at 4 and 8 hours post-injection. Nuclear Nrf2 and its target, hemoxygenase 1 (HO1), were elevated in Keap1-siRNA-injected mice compared with control animals, resulting in reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Similarly, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in livers from Keap1-siRNA-injected mice. At the molecular level, activation of c-jun (NH2) terminal kinase (JNK) was ameliorated, whereas the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) survival pathway was maintained upon ConA injection in Keap1-siRNA-treated mice. In conclusion, our results have revealed a potential therapeutic use of in vivo siRNA technology targeted to Keap1 to combat oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses and IGFIR survival signaling during the progression of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángela M Valverde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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