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Wang S, Link F, Munker S, Wang W, Feng R, Liebe R, Li Y, Yao Y, Liu H, Shao C, Ebert MP, Ding H, Dooley S, Weng HL, Wang SS. Retinoic acid generates a beneficial microenvironment for liver progenitor cell activation in acute liver failure. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0483. [PMID: 39023343 PMCID: PMC11262820 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When massive necrosis occurs in acute liver failure (ALF), rapid expansion of HSCs called liver progenitor cells (LPCs) in a process called ductular reaction is required for survival. The underlying mechanisms governing this process are not entirely known to date. In ALF, high levels of retinoic acid (RA), a molecule known for its pleiotropic roles in embryonic development, are secreted by activated HSCs. We hypothesized that RA plays a key role in ductular reaction during ALF. METHODS RNAseq was performed to identify molecular signaling pathways affected by all-trans retinoid acid (atRA) treatment in HepaRG LPCs. Functional assays were performed in HepaRG cells treated with atRA or cocultured with LX-2 cells and in the liver tissue of patients suffering from ALF. RESULTS Under ALF conditions, activated HSCs secreted RA, inducing RARα nuclear translocation in LPCs. RNAseq data and investigations in HepaRG cells revealed that atRA treatment activated the WNT-β-Catenin pathway, enhanced stemness genes (SOX9, AFP, and others), increased energy storage, and elevated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters in a RARα nuclear translocation-dependent manner. Further, atRA treatment-induced pathways were confirmed in a coculture system of HepaRG with LX-2 cells. Patients suffering from ALF who displayed RARα nuclear translocation in the LPCs had significantly better MELD scores than those without. CONCLUSIONS During ALF, RA secreted by activated HSCs promotes LPC activation, a prerequisite for subsequent LPC-mediated liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Munker
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Liver Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman Liebe
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias P.A. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hong-Lei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sinha RA. Targeting nuclear receptors for NASH/MASH: From bench to bedside. LIVER RESEARCH 2024; 8:34-45. [PMID: 38544909 PMCID: PMC7615772 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a tipping point leading to liver injury and subsequent hepatic complications in the natural progression of what is now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With no pharmacological treatment currently available for MASH/NASH, the race is on to develop drugs targeting multiple facets of hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic events, which are major drivers of MASH. Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate genomic transcription upon binding to lipophilic ligands and govern multiple aspects of liver metabolism and inflammation. Ligands of NRs may include hormones, lipids, bile acids, and synthetic ligands, which upon binding to NRs regulate the transcriptional activities of target genes. NR ligands are presently the most promising drug candidates expected to receive approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration as a pharmacological treatment for MASH. This review aims to cover the current understanding of NRs, including nuclear hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors, circadian NRs, and orphan NRs, which are currently undergoing clinical trials for MASH treatment, along with NRs that have shown promising results in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Usui S, Zhu Q, Komori H, Iwamoto Y, Nishiuchi T, Shirasaka Y, Tamai I. Apple-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the expression of human intestinal bile acid transporter ASBT/SLC10A2 via downregulation of transcription factor RARα. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 52:100512. [PMID: 37517353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been reported to exert biological activity on intestinal tissues by delivering their contents into intestinal cells. We previously reported that ASBT/SLC10A2 mRNA was downregulated by apple-derived extracellular vesicles (APEVs). ASBT downregulation is effective in the treatment of cholestasis and chronic constipation, similar to the beneficial effects of apples. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the mechanism of ASBT downregulation by APEVs, focusing on microRNAs present in APEVs. RESULTS APEVs downregulated the expression of ASBT, but no significant effect on SLC10A2-3'UTR was observed. Proteomics revealed that APEVs decreased the expression of RARα/NR1B1. The binding of RARα to SLC10A2 promoter was also decreased by APEVs. The stability of NR1B1 mRNA was attenuated by APEVs and its 3'UTR was found to be a target for APEVs. Apple microRNAs that were predicted to interact with NR1B1-3'UTR were present in APEVs, and their mimics suppressed NR1B1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of ASBT by APEVs was indirectly mediated by the downregulation of RARα, and its stability was lowered by microRNAs present in APEVs. This study suggested that macromolecules in food directly affect intestinal function by means of EVs that stabilize them and facilitate their cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Usui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Qiunan Zhu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Komori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yui Iwamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220426. [PMID: 37576954 PMCID: PMC10414186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder that often clinically manifests as obesity, insulin resistance/diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. With the development of social and economic systems, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, bringing a heavy medical burden. However, there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the human FGF superfamily and is a key protein involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, including reducing fat mass and lowering hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Here, we review the current regulatory mechanisms of FGF21, summarize its role in obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and discuss the possibility of FGF21 as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bruno L, Evariste L, Houdeau E. Dysregulation along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A possible environmental factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121795. [PMID: 37187281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additives are one major hallmark of ultra-processed food in the Western-diet, a food habit often associated with metabolic disorders. Among these additives, the whitener and opacifying agent titanium dioxide (TiO2) raises public health issues due to the ability of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to cross biological barriers and accumulate in different systemic organs like spleen, liver and pancreas. However before their systemic passage, the biocidal properties of TiO2 NPs may alter the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role for the development and maintenance of immune functions. Once absorbed, TiO2 NPs may further interact with immune intestinal cells involved in gut microbiota regulation. Since obesity-related metabolic diseases such as diabetes are associated with alterations in the microbiota-immune system axis, this raises questions about the possible involvement of long-term exposure to food-grade TiO2 in the development or worsening of these diseases. The current purpose is to review the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 NPs may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamas Bruno
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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7
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Iron as a therapeutic target in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:616-655. [PMID: 36742167 PMCID: PMC9896614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It was clearly realized more than 50 years ago that iron deposition in the liver may be a critical factor in the development and progression of liver disease. The recent clarification of ferroptosis as a specific form of regulated hepatocyte death different from apoptosis and the description of ferritinophagy as a specific variation of autophagy prompted detailed investigations on the association of iron and the liver. In this review, we will present a brief discussion of iron absorption and handling by the liver with emphasis on the role of liver macrophages and the significance of the iron regulators hepcidin, transferrin, and ferritin in iron homeostasis. The regulation of ferroptosis by endogenous and exogenous mod-ulators will be examined. Furthermore, the involvement of iron and ferroptosis in various liver diseases including alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and C, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will be analyzed. Finally, experimental and clinical results following interventions to reduce iron deposition and the promising manipulation of ferroptosis will be presented. Most liver diseases will be benefited by ferroptosis inhibition using exogenous inhibitors with the notable exception of HCC, where induction of ferroptosis is the desired effect. Current evidence mostly stems from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and the need for well-designed future clinical trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece
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8
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Hypothalamic TTF-1 orchestrates the sensitivity of leptin. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101636. [PMID: 36375792 PMCID: PMC9700031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, is predominantly expressed in discrete areas of the hypothalamus, which acts as the central unit for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Current study designed to identify the roles of TTF-1 on the responsiveness of the hypothalamic circuit activity to circulating leptin and the development of obesity linked to the insensitivity of leptin. METHODS We generated conditional knock-out mice by crossing TTF-1flox/flox mice with leptin receptor (ObRb)Cre or proopiomelanocortin (POMC)Cre transgenic mice to interrogate the contributions of TTF-1 in leptin signaling and activity. Changes of food intake, body weight and energy expenditure were evaluated in standard or high fat diet-treated transgenic mice by using an indirect calorimetry instrument. Molecular mechanism was elucidated with immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and promoter assays. RESULTS The selective deletion of TTF-1 gene expression in cells expressing the ObRb or POMC enhanced the anorexigenic effects of leptin as well as the leptin-induced phosphorylation of STAT3. We further determined that TTF-1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of the ObRb gene. In line with these findings, the selective deletion of the TTF-1 gene in ObRb-positive cells led to protective effects against diet-induced obesity via the amelioration of leptin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that hypothalamic TTF-1 participates in the development of obesity as a molecular component involved in the regulation of cellular leptin signaling and activity. Thus, TTF-1 may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment, prevention, and control of obesity.
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Cassim Bawa FN, Xu Y, Gopoju R, Plonski N, Shiyab A, Hu S, Chen S, Zhu Y, Jadhav K, Kasumov T, Zhang Y. Hepatic retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates all-trans retinoic acid's effect on diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2665-2675. [PMID: 35852305 PMCID: PMC9512485 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A that influences many biological processes in development, differentiation, and metabolism. AtRA functions through activation of retinoid acid receptors (RARs). AtRA is shown to ameliorate hepatic steatosis, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of hepatocyte RAR alpha (RARα) in mediating the effect of AtRA on hepatosteatosis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Rarα-/- (L-Rarα-/- ) mice and their control mice were fed a chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat/cholesterol/fructose (HFCF) diet. Some of the mice were also treated with AtRA. Loss of hepatocyte RARα-induced hepatosteatosis in chow-fed aged mice and HFD-fed mice. AtRA prevented and reversed HFCF diet-induced obesity and hepatosteatosis in the control mice but not in L-Rarα-/- mice. Furthermore, AtRA reduced hepatocyte fatty acid uptake and lipid droplet formation, dependent on hepatocyte RARα. Our data suggest that hepatocyte RARα plays an important role in preventing hepatosteatosis and mediates AtRA's effects on diet-induced hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N. Cassim Bawa
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Pathology of School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina.
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | | | - Amy Shiyab
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
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Xu S, Ye B, Li J, Dou Y, Yu Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Wan DCC, Rong X. Astragalus mongholicus powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula ameliorate type 2 diabetes by regulating adipoinsular axis in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973927. [PMID: 36046814 PMCID: PMC9420938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global morbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased. Insulin resistance is the most important pathogenesis and therapeutic target of T2DM. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Astragalus mongholicus powder (APF), consists of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. [Fabaceae], and Morus alba L. [Moraceae] has a long history to be used to treat diabetes in ancient China. This work aims to investigate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by High-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight of mice and their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and lipids were examined. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. APF reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyerleptinemia and attenuate the progression of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these effects disappeared in leptin deficient ob/ob diabetic mice and STZ-induced insulin deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Destruction of either these hormones would abolish the therapeutic effects of APF. In addition, APF inhibited the protein expression of PTP1B suppressing insulin–leptin sensitivity, the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, and the adipogenic gene FAS. Therefore, insulin–leptin sensitivity was normalized, and the gluconeogenic and adipogenic genes were suppressed. In conclusion, APF attenuated obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM by regulating the balance of adipoinsular axis in STZ + HFD induced T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixian Ye
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Dou
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianglu Rong,
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Tsuchiya H. Iron-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis—Preventive Effects of Nutrients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940552. [PMID: 35832553 PMCID: PMC9271801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a primary organ that stores body iron, and plays a central role in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Hepatic iron overload (HIO) is a prevalent feature among patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including alcoholic/nonalcoholic liver diseases and hepatitis C. HIO is suggested to promote the progression toward hepatocellular carcinoma because of the pro-oxidant nature of iron. Iron metabolism is tightly regulated by various factors, such as hepcidin and ferroportin, in healthy individuals to protect the liver from such deteriorative effects. However, their intrinsic expressions or functions are frequently compromised in patients with HIO. Thus, various nutrients have been reported to regulate hepatic iron metabolism and protect the liver from iron-induced damage. These nutrients are beneficial in HIO-associated CLD treatment and eventually prevent iron-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. This mini-review aimed to discuss the mechanisms and hepatocarcinogenic risk of HIO in patients with CLDs. Moreover, nutrients that hold the potential to prevent iron-induced hepatocarcinogenesis are summarized.
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12
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Zhao Z, Deng ZT, Huang S, Ning M, Feng Y, Shen Y, Zhao QS, Leng Y. Alisol B Alleviates Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Lipotoxicity via Regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 Cascade and Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122411. [PMID: 35745142 PMCID: PMC9231195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, with no effective therapies available. Discovering lead compounds from herb medicine might be a valuable strategy for the treatment of NASH. Here, we discovered Alisol B, a natural compound isolated from Alisma orientalis (Sam.), that attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat diet plus carbon tetrachloride (DIO+CCl4)-induced and choline-deficient and amino acid-defined (CDA)-diet-induced NASH mice. RNA-seq showed Alisol B significantly suppressed CD36 expression and regulated retinol metabolism in NASH mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, Alisol B decreased palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity, which were dependent on CD36 suppression. Further study revealed that Alisol B enhanced the gene expression of RARα with no direct RARα agonistic activity. The upregulation of RARα by Alisol B reduced HNF4α and PPARγ expression and further decreased CD36 expression. This effect was fully abrogated after RARα knockdown, suggesting Alisol B suppressed CD36 via regulating RARα-HNF4α-PPARγ cascade. Moreover, the hepatic gene expression of RARα was obviously decreased in murine NASH models, whereas Alisol B significantly increased RARα expression and decreased CD36 expression, along with the downregulation of HNF4α and PPARγ. Therefore, this study showed the unrecognized therapeutic effects of Alisol B against NASH with a novel mechanism by regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 cascade and highlighted Alisol B as a promising lead compound for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhen-Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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13
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Peng HL, Liu LN, Liu DL, Tan YY. Depression and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Association and potential mechanisms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:295-302. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i7.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and is closely related to the high incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and colorectal tumor. Depression is a common mental disorder that is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence rate, high disability rate, and high suicide rate, which has serious harm to patients' physical and mental health, reduce the quality of life of patients. In recent years, as more and more attention has been paid to mental health of NAFLD patients, the relationship between NAFLD and depression has become one of the hot research topics. Studies have shown that the incidence of depression in NAFLD patients is higher than that in non-NAFLD patients, and the incidence of NAFLD in depressed patients is also higher. Some research results have been published on the mechanism of comorbidity between the two. This paper reviews the research progress on the correlation and common mechanism between NAFLD and depression, aiming to lay a foundation for further research on the comorbidities of NAFLD and depression, and provide a basis and research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with both comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Ni Liu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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14
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Melis M, Tang XH, Trasino SE, Gudas LJ. Retinoids in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:1456. [PMID: 35406069 PMCID: PMC9002467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA), all-trans-retinol (ROL), and its analogs are collectively called retinoids. Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism. The liver is the primary organ for retinoid storage and metabolism in humans. For reasons that remain incompletely understood, a body of evidence shows that reductions in liver retinoids, aberrant retinoid metabolism, and reductions in RAR signaling are implicated in numerous diseases of the liver, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases, and alcohol-associated liver diseases. Conversely, restoration of retinoid signaling, pharmacological treatments with natural and synthetic retinoids, and newer agonists for specific RARs show promising benefits for treatment of a number of these liver diseases. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature demonstrating a role for retinoids in limiting the pathogenesis of these diseases and in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Steven E. Trasino
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
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15
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Chen G. The Interactions of Insulin and Vitamin A Signaling Systems for the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:2160. [PMID: 34440929 PMCID: PMC8393264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have become a concern of public health. Nutrition plays a key role in these concerns. Insulin as an anabolic hormonal was discovered exactly 100 years ago due to its activity in controlling blood glucose level. Vitamin A (VA), a lipophilic micronutrient, has been shown to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. VA's physiological roles are mainly mediated by its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are two transcription factors. The VA status and activations of RARs and RXRs by RA and synthetic agonists have shown to affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models. Both insulin and RA signaling systems regulate the expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Interactions of insulin and RA signaling systems have been observed. This review is aimed at summarizing the history of diabetes, insulin and VA signaling systems; the effects of VA status and activation of RARs and RXRs on metabolism and RAR and RXR phosphorylation; and possible interactions of insulin and RA in the regulation of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, some future research perspectives for understanding of nutrient and hormone interactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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16
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Yang FC, Xu F, Wang TN, Chen GX. Roles of vitamin A in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4506-4519. [PMID: 34222419 PMCID: PMC8223857 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients and micronutrients play important roles in human health. On the other hand, the excessive energy derived from food is stored in the form of triacylglycerol. A variety of dietary and hormonal factors affect this process through the regulation of the activities and expression levels of those key player enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid elongases, and desaturases. As a micronutrient, vitamin A is essential for the health of humans. Recently, vitamin A has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent research progresses about the roles of vitamin A in fatty acid synthesis. It focuses on the effects of vitamin A on the activities and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of key enzymes for fatty acid synthesis in vitro and in vivo. It appears that vitamin A status and its signaling pathway regulate the expression levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Yang
- Food College, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical College, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Tian-Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
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17
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Li B, Cai SY, Boyer JL. The role of the retinoid receptor, RAR/RXR heterodimer, in liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166085. [PMID: 33497820 PMCID: PMC11152086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activated by retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryo development, homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In this review, we summarized the functional roles of nuclear receptor RAR/RXR heterodimers in liver physiology. Specifically, RAR/RXR modulate the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and bile acids in hepatocytes, regulate cholesterol transport in macrophages, and repress fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. We have also listed the specific genes that carry these functions and how RAR/RXR regulate their expression in liver cells, providing a mechanistic view of their roles in liver physiology. Meanwhile, we pointed out many questions regarding the detailed signaling of RAR/RXR in regulating the expression of liver genes, and hope future studies will address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - James L Boyer
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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18
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Karamzad N, Izadi N, Sanaie S, Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Sullman MJM, Safiri S. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:120-128. [PMID: 32626552 PMCID: PMC7321001 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with asthma and to measure the association asthma has with MetS.
Methods: The Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar were searched using the "Asthma", "Metabolic Syndrome", "Dysmetabolic Syndrome", "Cardiovascular Syndrome", "Insulin Resistance Syndrome", "Prevalence", "Odds Ratio", "Cross-Sectional Studies", and "Case-Control Studies" keywords. All observational studies reporting the prevalence of MetS among people with and without asthma were included in the study. In the presence of heterogeneity, random-effects models were used to pool the prevalence and odds ratios (OR), as measures of association in cross-sectional and case-control/ cohort studies, respectively. Results: The prevalence of MetS among patients with asthma (8 studies) and the OR comparing the prevalence of MetS among patients with and without asthma (5 studies) were pooled separately. The pooled prevalence of MetS among patients with asthma was found to be 25% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13%–38%). In contrast, the overall pooled OR for MetS in patients with asthma, compared to healthy controls, was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.91–1.76), which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS was relatively high in patients with asthma. Furthermore, the odds of MetS was higher in patients with asthma, compared to healthy controls, although this difference was not statistically significant. More original studies among different populations are needed in order to more accurately examine the association between asthma and MetS, as well as the relationship asthma has with the individual components of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Karamzad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Kakoty V, K C S, Tang RD, Yang CH, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and autophagy: A complex interplay in Parkinson disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110145. [PMID: 32361164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The predominant pathological hallmark is progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurones in the substantia nigra (SN) complicated by aggregation of misfolded forms of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). α-syn is a cytosolic synaptic protein localized in the presynaptic neuron under normal circumstances. What drives misfolding of this protein is largely unknown. However, recent studies suggest that autophagy might be an important risk factor for contributing towards PD. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that causes the clearance or degradation of misfolded, mutated and damaged proteins, organelles etc. However, in an aging individual this process might deteriorate which could possibly lead to the accumulation of damaged proteins. Hence, autophagy modulation might provide some interesting cues for the treatment of PD. Additionally, Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) which is known for its role as a potent regulator of glucose and energy metabolism has also proved to be neuroprotective in various neurodegenerative conditions possibly via mediation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarathlal K C
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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21
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Lee SA, Yang KJZ, Brun PJ, Silvaroli JA, Yuen JJ, Shmarakov I, Jiang H, Feranil JB, Li X, Lackey AI, Krężel W, Leibel RL, Libien J, Storch J, Golczak M, Blaner WS. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) binds monoacylglycerols and modulates gut endocrine signaling and body weight. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8937. [PMID: 32195347 PMCID: PMC7065888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Expressed in the small intestine, retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) facilitates dietary retinoid absorption. Rbp2-deficient (Rbp2-/- ) mice fed a chow diet exhibit by 6-7 months-of-age higher body weights, impaired glucose metabolism, and greater hepatic triglyceride levels compared to controls. These phenotypes are also observed when young Rbp2-/- mice are fed a high fat diet. Retinoids do not account for the phenotypes. Rather, RBP2 is a previously unidentified monoacylglycerol (MAG)-binding protein, interacting with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and other MAGs with affinities comparable to retinol. X-ray crystallographic studies show that MAGs bind in the retinol binding pocket. When challenged with an oil gavage, Rbp2-/- mice show elevated mucosal levels of 2-MAGs. This is accompanied by significantly elevated blood levels of the gut hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Thus, RBP2, in addition to facilitating dietary retinoid absorption, modulates MAG metabolism and likely signaling, playing a heretofore unknown role in systemic energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kryscilla Jian Zhang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josie A. Silvaroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jason J. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Shmarakov
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun B. Feranil
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueting Li
- PhD Program in Nutritional and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atreju I. Lackey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, U1258, CNRS, UMR 7104, Unistra, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Libien
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Tezze C, Romanello V, Sandri M. FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31057418 PMCID: PMC6478891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that regulates important metabolic pathways. FGF21 is expressed in several metabolically active organs and interacts with different tissues. The FGF21 function is complicated and well debated due to its different sites of production and actions. Striated muscles are plastic tissues that undergo adaptive changes within their structural and functional properties in order to meet their different stresses, recently, they have been found to be an important source of FGF21. The FGF21 expression and secretion from skeletal muscles happen in both mouse and in humans during their different physiological and pathological conditions, including exercise and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings that identify FG21 as beneficial and/or detrimental cytokine interacting as an autocrine or endocrine in order to modulate cellular function, metabolism, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tezze
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Science, Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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23
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Ma Y, Belyaeva OV, Brown PM, Fujita K, Valles K, Karki S, de Boer YS, Koh C, Chen Y, Du X, Handelman SK, Chen V, Speliotes EK, Nestlerode C, Thomas E, Kleiner DE, Zmuda JM, Sanyal AJ, Kedishvili NY, Liang TJ, Rotman Y. 17-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Is a Hepatic Retinol Dehydrogenase Associated With Histological Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology 2019; 69:1504-1519. [PMID: 30415504 PMCID: PMC6438737 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6834314, was associated with serum liver enzymes in the general population, presumably reflecting liver fat or injury. We studied rs6834314 and its nearest gene, 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), to identify associations with histological features of NAFLD and to characterize the functional role of HSD17B13 in NAFLD pathogenesis. The minor allele of rs6834314 was significantly associated with increased steatosis but decreased inflammation, ballooning, Mallory-Denk bodies, and liver enzyme levels in 768 adult Caucasians with biopsy-proven NAFLD and with cirrhosis in the general population. We found two plausible causative variants in the HSD17B13 gene. rs72613567, a splice-site SNP in high linkage with rs6834314 (r2 = 0.94) generates splice variants and shows a similar pattern of association with NAFLD histology. Its minor allele generates simultaneous expression of exon 6-skipping and G-nucleotide insertion variants. Another SNP, rs62305723 (encoding a P260S mutation), is significantly associated with decreased ballooning and inflammation. Hepatic expression of HSD17B13 is 5.9-fold higher (P = 0.003) in patients with NAFLD. HSD17B13 is targeted to lipid droplets, requiring the conserved amino acid 22-28 sequence and amino acid 71-106 region. The protein has retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity, with enzymatic activity dependent on lipid droplet targeting and cofactor binding site. The exon 6 deletion, G insertion, and naturally occurring P260S mutation all confer loss of enzymatic activity. Conclusion: We demonstrate the association of variants in HSD17B13 with specific features of NAFLD histology and identify the enzyme as a lipid droplet-associated RDH; our data suggest that HSD17B13 plays a role in NAFLD through its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olga V. Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama – Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Philip M. Brown
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Koji Fujita
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine Valles
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Suman Karki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama – Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Vincent Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cara Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Natalia Y. Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama – Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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24
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Melis M, Tang XH, Trasino SE, Patel VM, Stummer DJ, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ. Effects of AM80 compared to AC261066 in a high fat diet mouse model of liver disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211071. [PMID: 30677086 PMCID: PMC6345457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of retinoids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear and a better understanding may lead to therapies that prevent or limit NAFLD progression. We examined the actions of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists- AM80 for RARα and AC261066 for RARβ2- in a murine model of NAFLD. We fed wild type C57Bl/6 mice a chow or a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by 4 additional weeks with the HFD+AM80; HFD+AC261066; or HFD. The HFD+AM80 group showed greater hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance compared to other groups. Histopathological evaluation of the livers showed the highest degree of steatosis, triglycerides levels, and inflammation, assessed by F4/80 staining, in the HFD+AM80-treated compared to the HFD, the HFD+AC261066, and chow-fed mice. Liver vitamin A (retinol (ROL)) and retinyl palmitate levels were markedly lower in all HFD groups compared to chow-fed controls. HFD+AC261066-treated mice showed higher levels of a key intracellular ROL transporter, retinol-binding protein-1 (RBP1) compared to the HFD and HFD+AM80 groups. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the selective RARα agonist AM80 exacerbates HFD-induced NAFLD and hyperglycemia. These findings should inform future studies examining the therapeutic potential of RAR agonists in HFD-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven E Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Viral M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Stummer
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, United States of America
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25
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Natural modulators of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mode of action analysis and in silico ADME-Tox prediction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 337:45-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Geng C, Xu H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li M, Liu X, Gao M, Wang X, Liu X, Fang F, Chang Y. Retinoic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis through sirt1. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1234-1241. [PMID: 28667519 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, treatment of C57BL/6J (wild type, WT) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with retinoic acid (RA) decreased body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat content, reversed the apparent hepatosteatosis, and reduced hepatic intracellular triglyceride and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations. Moreover, RA treatment improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in WT mice fed a HFD. However, these RA-induced effects in WT mice fed a HFD were alleviated in liver specific Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) deficient (LKO) mice fed a HFD. Furthermore, RA also could not improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in LKO mice fed a HFD. The mechanism studies indicated that RA indeed increased the expression of hepatic Sirt1 and superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2), and inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c) in WT mice in vivo and in vitro. RA decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in WT primary hepatocytes and increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in WT mice liver. However, these RA-mediated molecular effects were also abolished in the liver and primary hepatocytes from LKO mice. In summary, RA protected against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by decreasing Srebp-1c expression and improving antioxidant capacity through a Sirt1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Mingyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Fude Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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27
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Mao L, Nie B, Nie T, Hui X, Gao X, Lin X, Liu X, Xu Y, Tang X, Yuan R, Li K, Li P, Ding K, Wang Y, Xu A, Fei J, Han W, Liu P, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Zhou Z, Ding S, Wu D. Visualization and Quantification of Browning Using a Ucp1-2A-Luciferase Knock-in Mouse Model. Diabetes 2017; 66:407-417. [PMID: 28108609 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both mammals and adult humans possess classic brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes, and the amount and activity of these adipocytes are considered key factors in combating obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) is the functional marker of both brown and beige adipocytes. To facilitate a reliable, easy, and sensitive measurement of Ucp1 expression both in vivo and in vitro, we generated a Ucp1-2A-luciferase knock-in mouse by deleting the stop codon for the mouse Ucp1 gene and replacing it with a 2A peptide. This peptide was followed by the luciferase coding sequence to recapitulate the expression of the Ucp1 gene at the transcriptional and translational levels. With this mouse, we discovered a cold-sensitive brown/beige adipose depot underneath the skin of the ears, which we named uBAT. Because of the sensitivity and high dynamic range of luciferase activity, the Ucp1-2A-luciferase mouse is useful for both in vitro quantitative determination and in vivo visualization of nonshivering thermogenesis. With the use of this model, we identified and characterized axitinib, an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as an effective browning agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Nie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tao Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Research & Development Center, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Nan Fang Model Organism Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Donghai Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Joint School of Biological Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Schröder HC, Tolba E, Diehl-Seifert B, Wang X, Müller WEG. Electrospinning of Bioactive Wound-Healing Nets. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 55:259-290. [PMID: 28238041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The availability of appropriate dressings for treatment of wounds, in particular chronic wounds, is a task that still awaits better solutions than provided by currently applied materials. The method of electrospinning enables the fabrication of novel materials for wound dressings due to the high surface area and porosity of the electrospun meshes and the possibility to include bioactive ingredients. Recent results show that the incorporation of biologically active inorganic polyphosphate microparticles and microspheres and synergistically acting retinoids into electrospun polymer fibers yields biocompatible and antibacterial mats for potential dressings with improved wound-healing properties. The underlying principles and the mechanism of these new approaches in the therapy wounds, in particular wounds showing impaired healing, as well as for further applications in skin regeneration/repair, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bärbel Diehl-Seifert
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Trasino SE, Tang XH, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ. Retinoic acid receptor β2 agonists restore glycaemic control in diabetes and reduce steatosis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:142-51. [PMID: 26462866 PMCID: PMC4948868 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists in diabetes and fatty liver disease. METHODS Synthetic agonists for RARβ2 were administered to wild-type (wt) mice in a model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to ob/ob and db/db mice (genetic models of obesity-associated T2D). RESULTS We show that administration of synthetic agonists for RARβ2 to either wt mice in a model of HFD-induced T2D or to ob/ob and db/db mice reduces hyperglycaemia, peripheral insulin resistance and body weight. Furthermore, RARβ2 agonists dramatically reduce steatosis, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the liver, pancreas and kidneys of obese, diabetic mice. RARβ2 agonists also lower levels of mRNAs involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase, and increase mRNAs that mediate mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, such as CPT1α, in these organs. RARβ2 agonists lower triglyceride levels in these organs, and in muscle. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data show that orally active, rapid-acting, high-affinity pharmacological agonists for RARβ2 improve the diabetic phenotype while reducing lipid levels in key insulin target tissues. We suggest that RARβ2 agonists should be useful drugs for T2D therapy and for treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoates/therapeutic use
- Biphenyl Compounds/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity/complications
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University/New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-2700; Fax: 212-746-8624
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Lorraine J. Gudas, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065. Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858;
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30
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Eritja N, Arjó G, Santacana M, Gatius S, Ramírez-Núñez O, Arcal L, Serrano JCE, Pamplona R, Dolcet X, Piñol C, Christou P, Matias-Guiu X, Portero-Otin M. Oral intake of genetically engineered high-carotenoid corn ameliorates hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis in PTEN haploinsufficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:526-535. [PMID: 26820774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease. Here we show that a mouse model of haploinsufficiency in the lipid and protein phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN(+/-)) exhibits hepatomegaly, increased liver lipogenic gene expression (SREBP-1C and PPARγ) and hepatic lesions analogous to human NAFLD. The livers of PTEN(+/-) mice also contained lower levels of retinoic acid (RA) than normal, similarly to human NAFLD patients. The RA signaling pathway thus offers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of NAFLD although the impact of nutrition in this context is unclear. We therefore fed PTEN(+/-) mice for 36weeks a diet containing genetically engineered high-carotenoid corn (HCAR) to investigate its potential beneficial effects on the hepatic symptoms of NAFLD. The HCAR diet reduced hepatomegaly and promoted the repartitioning of fatty acids in the liver, away from triacylglycerol storage. At the molecular level, the HCAR diet clearly reduced lipogenic gene expression, boosted catabolism, and increased hepatic RA levels. These results set the stage for human trials to evaluate the use of high-carotenoid foods for the reduction or prevention of steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Dept. de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gemma Arjó
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Dept. de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Dept. de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Arcal
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - José C E Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavi Dolcet
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Dept. de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carme Piñol
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain; Institució Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avanc¸ats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Dept. de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Shimizu M. Retinoid roles in blocking hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:222-8. [PMID: 26311412 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health issue in many countries. The prognosis of HCC is still poor due to its high recurrence rate and its resistance to chemotherapy. Retinoids have long been known to have a connection with liver diseases, including HCC. Many experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated associations between retinoids and hepatic disease, including the loss of retinoid activity in HCC cell lines and decreased hepatic retinoid stores and altered retinoid signaling in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Based on these findings, preclinical and clinical investigations of retinoid effects on HCC have been undertaken. Recently, clinical trial results for the use of a synthetic retinoid, acyclic retinoid (ACR), to prevent HCC recurrence were published. In addition, extensive experimental studies on the action of retinoids in liver disease, including chronic viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which lead to HCC have been performed. In the first section of this review, we will summarize the effectiveness and roles of retinoid for treating liver disease and blocking HCC. Subsequently, we will focus on ACR actions in blocking HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Müller WE, Tolba E, Dorweiler B, Schröder HC, Diehl-Seifert B, Wang X. Electrospun bioactive mats enriched with Ca-polyphosphate/retinol nanospheres as potential wound dressing. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 3:150-160. [PMID: 29124179 PMCID: PMC5668879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While electrospun materials have been frequently used in tissue engineering no wound dressings exist that significantly improved wound healing effectively. Methods We succeeded to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) electrospun poly(D,l-lactide) (PLA) fiber mats into which nanospheres, formed from amorphous calcium polyphosphate (polyP) nanoparticles (NP) and encapsulated retinol (“retinol/aCa-polyP-NS” nanospheres [NS]), had been incorporated. Results Experiments with MC3T3-E1 cells revealed that co-incubation of the cells with Ca-polyP together with retinol (or incubation with retinol/aCa-polyP-NS) resulted in a significant synergistic effect on cell growth compared with particle-free polyP complexed with Ca2+ or amorphous Ca-polyP NPs and retinol alone. Incubation of the cells in the presence of the retinol/aCa-polyP NSs also caused a significant increase of the expression levels of the genes encoding for the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), as well as of the genes encoding for leptin and the leptin receptor. In contrast, the single components, soluble Na-polyP, complexed to Ca2+, or retinol-free aCa-polyP NPs, and retinol, had no significant effect on the expression of these genes. Conclusions These results indicate that the PLA fibers, supplemented with aCa-polyP-NP or retinol/aCa-polyP-NS, elicit morphogenetic activity, suggesting that these fiber mats, along with the antibacterial effect of polyP, have a beneficial potential as wound dressings combining antimicrobial and regenerative (wound healing) properties. General significance The PLA-based fiber mats, containing retinol and polyP nanoparticles, provide promising bioactive meshes that are urgently needed as dressings for chronic wounds. • Effect of PLA fiber mats with polyphosphate/retinol nanospheres on gene expression. • Increased expression of FABP4, leptin and leptin receptor in MC3T3-E1 cells. • Application as wound dressings, combining antimicrobial and regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E.G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, d-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +49 6131 39 25243ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 6MainzD-55128Germany
| | - Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, d-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Dorweiler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, d-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, d-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, d-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +49 6131 39 25243ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 6MainzD-55128Germany
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Serafino-Agrusa L, Spatafora M, Scichilone N. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: Current knowledge and future perspectives. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:285-292. [PMID: 25789301 PMCID: PMC4360500 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and obesity are epidemiologically linked; however, similar relationships are also observed with other markers of the metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which cannot be accounted for by increased body mass alone. Obesity appears to be a predisposing factor for the asthma onset, both in adults and in children. In addition, obesity could make asthma more difficult to control and to treat. Although obesity may predispose to increased Th2 inflammation or tendency to atopy, other mechanisms need to be considered, such as those mediated by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in the context of metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the association between asthma and metabolic syndrome are yet to be determined. In the past, these two conditions were believed to occur in the same individual without any pathogenetic link. However, the improvement in asthma symptoms following weight reduction indicates a causal relationship. The interplay between these two diseases is probably due to a bidirectional interaction. The purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge about the possible link between metabolic syndrome and asthma, and explore potential application for future studies and strategic approaches.
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Ishijima N, Kanki K, Shimizu H, Shiota G. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by retinoic acid sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:567-75. [PMID: 25683251 PMCID: PMC4452157 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome of cancer chemotherapy, strategies to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs are required. Sorafenib is the only drug to prolong overall survival of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the outcome is still not satisfactory. Retinoids, vitamin A derivatives, have been known to exhibit inhibitory effects on various cancers including HCC. In this study, we investigated the effects of combined treatment using sorafenib and retinoids including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), NIK-333, and Am80 on HCC cells. Cell viability assays in six HCC cell lines, HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, HuH6, HLE, HLF, and Hep3B, revealed that 5 and 10 μM ATRA, concentrations that do not exert cytotoxic effects, enhanced the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, being much more effective than NIK-333 and Am80. We found that ATRA induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation, which was followed by reduced intracellular ATP level. Gene expression analysis revealed that ATRA decreased the expression of glycolytic genes such as GLUT-1 and LDHA. In the combination treatment using ATRA and sorafenib, increased apoptosis, followed by the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, the upregulation and translocation of Bax to mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3, was observed. Suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase by siRNA restored the viability of the cells treated with ATRA and sorafenib. Our results thus indicate that ATRA is useful for enhancing the cytotoxicity of sorafenib against HCC cells by regulating the energy metabolism of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishijima
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Keita Kanki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Karadag AS, Ertugrul DT, Takci Z, Bilgili SG, Namuslu M, Ata N, Sekeroglu R. The effect of isotretinoin on retinol-binding protein 4, leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients. Dermatology 2015; 230:70-4. [PMID: 25573071 DOI: 10.1159/000367687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of isotretinoin (ISO) on adipokines and insulin resistance has been investigated in a few studies, and the results are conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ISO treatment on insulin resistance and adipokines. METHODS Thirty-three patients with acne vulgaris and a control group of 30 healthy volunteers were included in our study. Screening for the biochemical parameters was performed just before the initiation and after 3 months of ISO treatment. RESULTS In the acne group, basal leptin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.003) and basal adiponectin levels significantly higher (p = 0.008) compared with the control group. After ISO treatment, leptin levels (p = 0.0005) decreased and adiponectin levels (p = 0.003) increased significantly. However, measurements of fasting blood glucose, insulin, C peptide, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and BMI did not differ after ISO treatment. CONCLUSION ISO may affect leptin and adiponectin levels. It does not, however, affect insulin resistance and RBP4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yi HS, Lee YS, Byun JS, Seo W, Jeong JM, Park O, Duester G, Haseba T, Kim SC, Park KG, Gao B, Jeong WI. Alcohol dehydrogenase III exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing stellate cell activation and suppressing natural killer cells in mice. Hepatology 2014; 60:1044-53. [PMID: 24668648 PMCID: PMC4867000 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The important roles of retinols and their metabolites have recently been emphasized in the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Nevertheless, the expression and role of retinol metabolizing enzyme in both cell types have yet to be clarified. Thus, we investigated the expression of retinol metabolizing enzyme and its role in liver fibrosis. Among several retinol metabolizing enzymes, only alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 3 expression was detected in isolated HSCs and NK cells, whereas hepatocytes express all of them. In vitro treatment with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), a broad ADH inhibitor, or depletion of the ADH3 gene down-regulated collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression, but did not affect α-smooth muscle actin gene expression in cultured HSCs. Additionally, in vitro, treatments with retinol suppressed NK cell activities, whereas inhibition of ADH3 enhanced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. In vivo, genetic depletion of the ADH3 gene ameliorated bile duct ligation- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, in which a higher number of apoptotic HSCs and an enhanced activation of NK cells were detected. Freshly isolated HSCs from ADH3-deficient mice showed reduced expression of collagen and TGF-β1, but enhanced expression of IFN-γ was detected in NK cells from these mice compared with those of control mice. Using reciprocal bone marrow transplantation of wild-type and ADH3-deficient mice, we demonstrated that ADH3 deficiency in both HSCs and NK cells contributed to the suppressed liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION ADH3 plays important roles in promoting liver fibrosis by enhancing HSC activation and inhibiting NK cell activity, and could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Study, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Study, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:385-95. [PMID: 25084068 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441400035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. We hypothesized that this protection could be mediated by perinatal nutrition. For this purpose, we assessed the response to an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) during adulthood depending on maternal diet during lactation. Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. The offspring whose mothers were fed HFS during lactation showed increased adiposity (19%, P<0.001). When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring.
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an attractive target for treating metabolic disease due to its wide-ranging beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating FGF21 levels are increased in insulin-resistant states; however, endogenous FGF21 fails to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity, suggesting that metabolic syndrome is an FGF21-resistant state. Therefore, transcription factors for FGF21 are potential drug targets that could increase FGF21 expression in obesity and reduce FGF21 resistance. Despite many studies on the metabolic effects of FGF21, the transcriptional regulation of FGF21 gene expression remains controversial and is not fully understood. As the FGF21 transcription factor pathway is one of the most promising targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, further investigation of FGF21 transcriptional regulation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi-Hyun Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Guk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Kim SC, Kim C, Axe D, Cook A, Lee M, Li T, Smallwood N, Chiang JY, Hardwick JP, Moore DD, Lee YK. All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis in mice by a novel transcriptional cascade. Hepatology 2014; 59:1750-60. [PMID: 24038081 PMCID: PMC4008145 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mice deficient in small heterodimer partner (SHP) are protected from diet-induced hepatic steatosis resulting from increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased lipogenesis. The decreased lipogenesis appears to be a direct consequence of very low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2), a potent lipogenic transcription factor, in the SHP(-/-) liver. The current study focused on the identification of a SHP-dependent regulatory cascade that controls PPAR-γ2 gene expression, thereby regulating hepatic fat accumulation. Illumina BeadChip array (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to identify genes responsible for the linkage between SHP and PPAR-γ2 using hepatic RNAs isolated from SHP(-/-) and SHP-overexpressing mice. The initial efforts identify that hairy and enhancer of split 6 (Hes6), a novel transcriptional repressor, is an important mediator of the regulation of PPAR-γ2 transcription by SHP. The Hes6 promoter is specifically activated by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in response to its natural agonist ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), and is repressed by SHP. Hes6 subsequently represses hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α)-activated PPAR-γ2 gene expression by direct inhibition of HNF-4α transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we provide evidences that atRA treatment or adenovirus-mediated RAR-α overexpression significantly reduced hepatic fat accumulation in obese mouse models, as observed in earlier studies, and the beneficial effect is achieved by the proposed transcriptional cascade. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade controlling hepatic lipid metabolism that identifies retinoic acid signaling as a new therapeutic approach to nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Chul Kim
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Chunki Kim
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - David Axe
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Aaron Cook
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Mikang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Nicole Smallwood
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - John Y.L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - James P. Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77038, USA
| | - Yoon Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Ouziel R, Trépo E, Cremer A, Moreno C, Degré D, Chaouni M, Vercruysse V, Quertinmont E, Devière J, Lemmers A, Gustot T. Correction of all-trans retinoic acid deficiency in alcoholic cirrhosis lessens the excessive inflammatory monocyte response: a translational study. Liver Int 2014; 34:343-52. [PMID: 23834309 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have vitamin A (VA) deficiency and an enhanced immune response associated with disease severity. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a VA-active metabolite, has anti-inflammatory effects and its deficiency could contribute to the exacerbated proinflammatory reaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ATRA/VA deficiency and supplementation on the monocyte response in ALD. METHODS Vitamin A and ATRA plasma levels were quantified in ALD patients and healthy subjects (HS). The in vitro effect of ATRA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The activation pattern of peritoneal macrophages (PerMΦ) and circulating monocytes isolated from VA-deficient mice and ALD patients, respectively, was evaluated by flow cytometry, quantification of TNF-α and NO2 production. RESULTS Alcoholic liver disease patients (n = 85) showed plasmatic VA deficiency that was correlated with scores of severity and with the hepatic venous pressure gradient. ATRA levels correlated significantly with VA levels. In vitro, ATRA pretreatment decreased the overproduction of TNF-α by LPS-stimulated PBMC of ALD patients. In vivo, VA deficiency in mice was associated with increased activation of PerMΦ, while oral ATRA supplementation normalized it. CONCLUSION For the first time, we show that VA/ATRA deficiencies in ALD patients are associated with disease severity. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that the VA deficiency observed in ALD patients might participate in the pathophysiology of the disease by priming immune cells, and that ATRA supplementation could downregulate the deleterious proinflammatory state in cirrhosis and might thus be of therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Ouziel
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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Guan HP, Chen G. Factors affecting insulin-regulated hepatic gene expression. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:165-215. [PMID: 24373238 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major concern of public health. A common feature of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance, wherein a given amount of insulin produces less than normal physiological responses. Insulin controls hepatic glucose and fatty acid metabolism, at least in part, via the regulation of gene expression. When the liver is insulin-sensitive, insulin can stimulate the expression of genes for fatty acid synthesis and suppress those for gluconeogenesis. When the liver becomes insulin-resistant, the insulin-mediated suppression of gluconeogenic gene expression is lost, whereas the induction of fatty acid synthetic gene expression remains intact. In the past two decades, the mechanisms of insulin-regulated hepatic gene expression have been studied extensively and many components of insulin signal transduction pathways have been identified. Factors that alter these pathways, and the insulin-regulated hepatic gene expression, have been revealed and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed. This chapter summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of the effects of dietary factors, drugs, bioactive compounds, hormones, and cytokines on insulin-regulated hepatic gene expression. Given the large amount of information and progresses regarding the roles of insulin, this chapter focuses on findings in the liver and hepatocytes and not those described for other tissues and cells. Typical insulin-regulated hepatic genes, such as insulin-induced glucokinase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and insulin-suppressed cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl kinase and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, are used as examples to discuss the mechanisms such as insulin regulatory element-mediated transcriptional regulation. We also propose the potential mechanisms by which these factors affect insulin-regulated hepatic gene expression and discuss potential future directions of the area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Guan
- Department of Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
The rationale for specific pharmacologic therapy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is determined by the potential for disease progression and the difficulties, in many patients, to successfully implement diet and lifestyle changes in the long term. Because they correct insulin resistance, insulin-sensitizing agents are attractive candidates for the treatment of NASH. However, two randomized studies have shown that vitamin E, despite having no effect on insulin sensitivity, achieves interesting histological and biochemical efficacy. This review provides an insight into the therapeutic efficacy and safety issues of different pharmacological agents tested in human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Guillaume
- Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-entérologie, INSERM 1048 and Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Purpan, Pavillon Dieulafoy, 4ème étage, Place du Docteur Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- INSERM U938, Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, CdR Saint-Antoine and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. .,Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Wang X, Zhang DM, Gu TT, Ding XQ, Fan CY, Zhu Q, Shi YW, Hong Y, Kong LD. Morin reduces hepatic inflammation-associated lipid accumulation in high fructose-fed rats via inhibiting sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1791-804. [PMID: 24134913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SphK1/S1P signaling pathway is involved in the development of hepatic inflammation and injury. But its role in high fructose-induced NAFLD has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to elucidate the crucial role of SphK1/S1P signaling pathway in high fructose-induced hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in rats. Moreover, the hepatoprotective effects of morin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipedimic activities, on these hepatic changes in rats were investigated. High fructose-fed rats were orally treated with morin (30 and 60mg/kg) and pioglitazone (4mg/kg) for 8 weeks, respectively. Fructose feeding induced hyperlipidemia, and activated SphK1/S1P signaling pathway characterized by the elevation of SphK1 activity, S1P production as well as SphK1, S1PR1 and S1PR3 protein levels, which in turn caused NF-κB signaling activation to produce IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and inflammation in the liver of rats. Subsequently, hepatic insulin and leptin signaling impairment and lipid metabolic disorder were observed in this animal model, resulting in liver lipid accumulation. Morin restored high fructose-induced the activation of hepatic SphK1/S1P signaling pathway in rats. Subsequently, the reduced NF-κB signaling activation by morin decreased inflammatory cytokine production, recovered insulin and leptin signaling impairment to reduce lipid accumulation and injury in the rat liver. These effects of morin were confirmed in Buffalo rat liver (BRL3A) cell model stimulated with 5mM fructose. Thus, the inhibition of hepatic SphK1/S1P signaling pathway may be a novel mechanism by which morin exerts hepatoprotection in high fructose-fed rats, possibly involving liver inflammation inhibition and lipid accumulation recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Graduate School of Medicine Tottori University; Yonago; Japan
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Panera N, Ceccarelli S, De Stefanis C, Nobili V, Alisi A. Retinoids counteract insulin resistance and liver steatosis: what's the potential mechanism? Hepatology 2013; 58:1185. [PMID: 23281105 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Panera
- Liver Research Unit; “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | - Sara Ceccarelli
- Liver Research Unit; “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | | | - Valerio Nobili
- Liver Research Unit; “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Liver Research Unit; “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital IRCCS; Rome; Italy
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Chen JL, Lu XJ, Zou KL, Ye K. Krüppel-like factor 2 promotes liver steatosis through upregulation of CD36. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:32-40. [PMID: 23861552 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m039453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors regulates diverse biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, development, and responses to external stress. In the present study, we aim to investigate the roles of KLF2 in hepatic steatosis. Our results showed that mRNA and protein levels of KLF2 were significantly elevated in livers from obese mice. Adenoviruses-mediated overexpression of KLF2 induced accumulation of triglycerides in C57BL/6 mice, whereas KLF2 silencing ameliorates hepatosteatosis in ob/ob mice. At the molecular level, our data established CD36 as a novel transcriptional target of KLF2. KLF2 upregulated CD36 expression through a consensus binding site on its proximal promoter region. Additionally, the steatotic effect of KLF2 was dramatically inhibited in CD36-null mice. Therefore, our study reveals a novel link between KLF2-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation and the expression of CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The liver X receptor: A master regulator of the gut–liver axis and a target for non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Li Y, Wong K, Walsh K, Gao B, Zang M. Retinoic acid receptor β stimulates hepatic induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 to promote fatty acid oxidation and control whole-body energy homeostasis in mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10490-504. [PMID: 23430257 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.429852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) ameliorates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice. The recently discovered fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatocyte-derived hormone that restores glucose and lipid homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes. However, whether hepatic RAR is linked to FGF21 in the control of lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we identify FGF21 as a direct target gene of RARβ. The gene transcription of Fgf21 is increased by the RAR agonist RA and by overexpression of RARα and RARβ, but it is unaffected by RARγ in HepG2 cells. Promoter deletion analysis characterizes a putative RA-responsive element (RARE) primarily located in the 5'-flanking region of the Fgf21 gene. Disruption of the RARE sequence abolishes RA responsiveness. In vivo adenoviral overexpression of RARβ in the liver enhances production and secretion of FGF21, which in turn promotes hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis and ultimately leads to increased energy expenditure in mice. The metabolic effects of RA or RARβ are mimicked by FGF21 overexpression and largely abolished by FGF21 knockdown. Moreover, hepatic RARβ is bound to the putative RAREs of the Fgf21 promoter in a fasting-inducible manner in vivo, which contributes to FGF21 induction and the metabolic adaptation to prolonged fasting. In addition to other nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and retinoic acid receptor-related receptor α, RAR may act as a novel component to induce hepatic FGF21 in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The hepatic RAR-FGF21 pathway may represent a potential drug target for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Yoshikawa O, Ebata Y, Tsuchiya H, Kawahara A, Kojima C, Ikeda Y, Hama S, Kogure K, Shudo K, Shiota G. A retinoic acid receptor agonist tamibarotene suppresses iron accumulation in the liver. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E22-5. [PMID: 23404745 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic iron overload (HIO) and iron-induced oxidative stress have recently emerged as an important factor for the development and progression of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamibarotene, a selective retinoic acid receptor α/β agonist, on hepatic iron metabolism, based on our previous findings that retinoids suppress hepatic iron accumulation by increasing hepatic iron efflux through the regulation of hemojuvelin and ferroportin expression. DESIGN AND METHODS We quantitated the non-heme iron content and iron metabolism-related gene expression in the liver, and serum lipid and blood glucose levels in KK-A(y) mice after dietary administration of tamibarotene. RESULTS It was demonstrated that tamibarotene significantly reduced blood glucose and hepatic iron, but not serum lipids, and that hemojuvelin expression significantly decreased while ferroportin increased, as observed previously. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tamibarotene is a promising alternative for the treatment of insulin resistance associated with HIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yoshikawa
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Xu D, Huang XD, Luo HS, Yuan JP, Zhang H, Wu J. Impaired activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by leptin in NAFLD: A novel mechanism of hepatic leptin resistance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3095-3100. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i32.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To accurately evaluate the expression of leptin, obesity receptor (OB-R) and components of the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Expression of leptin, OB-R, PI3-kinase p85 (PI3-K) and phospho-Akt-kinase (PAktK) proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of NAFLD and control tissue. Correlations between the expression of these proteins were analyzed. Other parameters such as serum C-peptide, glucose, lipoprotein levels, and serum leptin were also detected.
RESULTS: In agreement with significantly elevated serum leptin level in NAFLD patients (P < 0.05), expression of leptin, OB-R and PI3-K was significant higher in NAFLD than in control tissue (all P < 0.05). In contrast, expression of PAktK was significantly down-regulated in NAFLD (P < 0.05). Moreover, PI3-K expression was significantly positively correlated with leptin (r = 0.365, P <0.05) but negatively with PAktK (r = -0.854, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of leptin seems not to necessarily lead to activation of PAktK in NAFLD, and the defective leptin/PI3-K activation of PAktK may be a novel mechanism of hepatic leptin resistance in NAFLD.
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