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Park E, Park S, Lee SJ, Jeong D, Jin H, Moon H, Cha B, Kim D, Ma S, Seo W, Han SH, Lee YS, Kang S. Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Potent and Selective JAK1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16342-16363. [PMID: 38031930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and fibrosis via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, making it a promising target for associated diseases. In this study, we explored the modification of an N-methyl 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate core, leading to the identification of 4-(((2S,4S)-1-(4-trifluoromethyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (36b) as a highly potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor. Compound 36b exhibited an impressive IC50 value of 0.044 nM for JAK1 and demonstrated remarkable selectivity of 382-fold, 210-fold, and 1325-fold specificity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, respectively. The kinase panel assays further confirmed its specificity, and cell-based experiments established its efficacy in inhibiting JAK1-STAT phosphorylation in human L-132 or SK-MES-1 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that compound 36b boasts an oral bioavailability exceeding 36%. In a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model, compound 36b significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, resulting in improvement in body weight and reduced collagen deposition, all achieved without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyum Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Central Research Laboratory, KOREA PHARMA Co. Ltd., Jeyakgongdan 3-gil, Hyangnam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 16630, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Kim DH, Gil MC, Kwon HJ, Seo W, Kim DK, Cho YE. Pomegranate-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles Alleviate Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37733268 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is damage to the liver and mainly caused by binge alcohol. ALD have decreased junctional protein expression and modulated intestinal permeability. We investigated whether plant-releasing exosome-like nanovesicles can prevent liver damage and leaky gut from binge alcohol. In this study, we characterized the exosome-like nanovesicles from pomegranate juice and confirmed the round shape of a lipid bilayer. After 14 days of pomegranate-derived exosome-like nanovesicle (PNVs) pretreatment, binge alcohol (6 g/kg/dose) was administered to mice three times orally every 12 h. Exposure to binge alcohol increased levels of oxidative and nitric oxide stress marker proteins such as CYP2E1, 3-Nitrotyrosine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in both liver and gut damage. Also, binge alcohol significantly elevated the plasma endotoxemia, inflammatory fatty liver, and leaky gut. However, PNVs reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins and prevented the leaky gut and endotoxemia. Markedly, PNV treatment significantly prevented a decrease in the amount of intestinal junctional proteins and an increase in leaky gut in mice exposed to alcohol. These results showed that PNVs can prevent leaky gut and liver damage caused by binge alcohol and suggest that it may be useful hepatoprotective or intestinal protective agents for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Choi SH, Eom JY, Kim HJ, Seo W, Kwun HJ, Kim DK, Kim J, Cho YE. Aloe-derived nanovesicles attenuate inflammation and enhance tight junction proteins for acute colitis treatment. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5490-5501. [PMID: 37367827 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the digestive tract that causes pain and weight loss and also increases the risk of colon cancer. Inspired by the benefits of plant-derived nanovesicles and aloe, we herein report aloe-derived nanovesicles, including aloe vera-derived nanovesicles (VNVs), aloe arborescens-derived nanovesicles (ANVs), and aloe saponaria-derived nanovesicles (SNVs) and evaluate their therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis mouse model. Aloe-derived nanovesicles not only facilitate markedly reduced DSS-induced acute colonic inflammation, but also enable the restoration of tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction (AJ) proteins to prevent gut permeability in DSS-induced acute colonic injury. These therapeutic effects are ascribed to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of aloe-derived nanovesicles. Therefore, aloe-derived nanovesicles are a safe treatment option for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Choi
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Young Eom
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Shen H, Seo W, Hwang S. Experimental models of fatty liver diseases: Status and appraisal. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00200. [PMID: 37378635 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affect a large number of people worldwide and become one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, there are currently no approved pharmacological treatments for ALD or NAFLD. This situation highlights the urgent need to explore new intervention targets and discover effective therapeutics for ALD and NAFLD. The lack of properly validated preclinical disease models is a major obstacle to the development of clinical therapies. ALD and NAFLD models have been in the development for decades, but there are still no models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD and NAFLD. Throughout this review, we summarize the current in vitro and in vivo models used for research on fatty liver diseases and discuss the advantages and limitations of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Lee EK, Yim J, Lee MH, Lee E, Lee YS, Seo W. Exosomes: Nomenclature, Isolation, and Biological Roles in Liver Diseases. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:253-263. [PMID: 37095734 PMCID: PMC10129856 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis and biological roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of liver diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years. EVs are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles found in different types of body fluids and contain various bioactive materials, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Based on their origin and biogenesis, EVs can be classified as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Among these, exosomes are the smallest EVs (30-150 nm in diameter), which play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, exosomal content analysis can reveal the functional state of the parental cell. Therefore, exosomes can be applied to various purposes, including disease diagnosis and treatment, drug delivery, cell-free vaccines, and regenerative medicine. However, exosome-related research faces two major limitations: isolation of exosomes with high yield and purity and distinction of exosomes from other EVs (especially microvesicles). No standardized exosome isolation method has been established to date; however, various exosome isolation strategies have been proposed to investigate their biological roles. Exosome-mediated intercellular communications are known to be involved in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Damaged hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells release large numbers of exosomes that promote the progression of inflammation and fibrogenesis through interactions with neighboring cells. Exosomes are expected to provide insight on the progression of liver disease. Here, we review the biogenesis of exosomes, exosome isolation techniques, and biological roles of exosomes in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Joowon Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Min Hoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eojin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Mackowiak B, Xu M, Lin Y, Guan Y, Seo W, Ren R, Feng D, Jones JW, Wang H, Gao B. Hepatic CYP2B10 is highly induced by binge ethanol and contributes to acute-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2163-2176. [PMID: 36224745 PMCID: PMC9771974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic-plus-binge model of ethanol consumption, where chronically (8-week) ethanol-fed mice are gavaged a single dose of ethanol (E8G1), is known to induce steatohepatitis in mice. However, how chronically ethanol-fed mice respond to multiple binges of ethanol remains unknown. METHODS We extended the E8G1 model to three gavages of ethanol (E8G3) spaced 24 h apart, sacrificed each group 9 h after the final gavage, analyzed liver injury, and examined gene expression changes using microarray analyses in each group to identify mechanisms contributing to liver responses to binge ethanol. RESULTS Surprisingly, E8G3 treatment induced lower levels of liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared to mice after E8G1 treatment. Microarray analyses identified several pathways that may contribute to the reduced liver injury after E8G3 treatment compared to E8G1 treatment. The gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B10 (Cyp2b10) was one of the top upregulated genes in the E8G1 group and was further upregulated in the E8G3 group, but only moderately induced after chronic ethanol consumption, as confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Genetic disruption of Cyp2b10 worsened liver injury in E8G1 and E8G3 mice with higher blood ethanol levels compared to wild-type control mice, while in vitro experiments revealed that CYP2b10 did not directly promote ethanol metabolism. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant differences in hepatic metabolites from E8G1-treated Cyp2b10 knockout and WT mice, and these metabolic alterations may contribute to the reduced liver injury in Cyp2b10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hepatic Cyp2b10 expression is highly induced after ethanol binge, and such upregulation reduces acute-on-chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via the indirect modification of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Park SH, Seo W, Xu MJ, Mackowiak B, Lin Y, He Y, Fu Y, Hwang S, Kim SJ, Guan Y, Feng D, Yu L, Lehner R, Liangpunsakul S, Gao B. Ethanol and its Nonoxidative Metabolites Promote Acute Liver Injury by Inducing ER Stress, Adipocyte Death, and Lipolysis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:281-306. [PMID: 36243320 PMCID: PMC9791137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge drinking in patients with metabolic syndrome accelerates the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated if oxidative and nonoxidative alcohol metabolism pathways, diet-induced obesity, and adipose tissues influenced the development of acute liver injury in a single ethanol binge model. METHODS A single ethanol binge was administered to chow-fed or high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type and genetically modified mice. RESULTS Oral administration of a single dose of ethanol induced acute liver injury and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in chow- or HFD-fed mice. Disruption of the Adh1 gene increased blood ethanol concentration and exacerbated acute ethanol-induced ER stress and liver injury in both chow-fed and HFD-fed mice, while disruption of the Aldh2 gene did not affect such hepatic injury despite high blood acetaldehyde levels. Mechanistic studies showed that alcohol, not acetaldehyde, promoted hepatic ER stress, fatty acid synthesis, and increased adipocyte death and lipolysis, contributing to acute liver injury. Increased serum fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), which are formed by an enzyme-mediated esterification of ethanol with fatty acids, were detected in mice after ethanol gavage, with higher levels in Adh1 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Deletion of the Ces1d gene in mice markedly reduced the acute ethanol-induced increase of blood FAEE levels with a slight but significant reduction of serum aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol and its nonoxidative metabolites, FAEEs, not acetaldehyde, promoted acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inducing ER stress, adipocyte death, and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Laboratory of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Lehner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Group on Molecular & Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Bin Gao, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Park SH, Lee YS, Sim J, Seo S, Seo W. Alcoholic liver disease: a new insight into the pathogenesis of liver disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:447-459. [PMID: 35761115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to a broad clinical spectrum of liver diseases, from simple steatosis to end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes ingested alcohol and is exquisitely sensitive to alcohol intake. Alcohol metabolism is classified into two pathways: oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolism. Both oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolisms and their metabolites have toxic consequences for multiple organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, intestine, and pancreas. Although many studies have focused on the effects of oxidative alcohol metabolites on liver damage, the importance of non-oxidative alcohol metabolites in cellular damage has also been discovered. Furthermore, extrahepatic alcohol effects are crucial for providing additional information necessary for the progression of alcoholic liver disease. Therefore, studying the effects of alcohol-producing metabolites and interorgan crosstalk between the liver and peripheral organs that express ethanol-metabolizing enzymes will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. This review focuses on alcohol-metabolite-associated hepatotoxicity due to oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolites and the role of interorgan crosstalk in alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Sim
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonkyung Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea.
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He Y, Rodrigues RM, Wang X, Seo W, Ma J, Hwang S, Fu Y, Trojnár E, Mátyás C, Zhao S, Ren R, Feng D, Pacher P, Kunos G, Gao B. Neutrophil-to-hepatocyte communication via LDLR-dependent miR-223-enriched extracellular vesicle transfer ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141513. [PMID: 33301423 DOI: 10.1172/jci141513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration around lipotoxic hepatocytes is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, how these 2 types of cells communicate remains obscure. We have previously demonstrated that neutrophil-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) is elevated in hepatocytes to limit NASH progression in obese mice. Here, we demonstrated that this elevation of miR-223 in hepatocytes was due to preferential uptake of miR-223-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from neutrophils as well other types of cells, albeit to a lesser extent. This selective uptake was dependent on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on hepatocytes and apolipoprotein E (APOE) on neutrophil-derived EVs, which was enhanced by free fatty acids. Once internalized by hepatocytes, the EV-derived miR-223 acted to inhibit hepatic inflammatory and fibrogenic gene expression. In the absence of this LDLR- and APOE-dependent uptake of miR-223-enriched EVs, the progression of steatosis to NASH was accelerated. In contrast, augmentation of this transfer by treatment with an inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, a drug used to lower blood cholesterol by upregulating LDLR, ameliorated NASH in mice. This specific role of LDLR and APOE in the selective control of miR-223-enriched EV transfer from neutrophils to hepatocytes may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
| | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
| | | | | | - Eszter Trojnár
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | | | | | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
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Kim DH, Sim Y, Hwang JH, Kwun IS, Lim JH, Kim J, Kim JI, Baek MC, Akbar M, Seo W, Kim DK, Song BJ, Cho YE. Ellagic Acid Prevents Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury through Inhibiting Gut Dysbiosis and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091386. [PMID: 34573017 PMCID: PMC8465052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major liver disease worldwide and can range from simple steatosis or inflammation to fibrosis/cirrhosis, possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. Many patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) die within 60 days after clinical diagnosis due to the lack of an approved drug, and thus, synthetic and/or dietary agents to prevent ASH and premature deaths are urgently needed. We recently reported that a pharmacologically high dose of pomegranate extract prevented binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic inflammation by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress. Herein, we investigate whether a dietary antioxidant ellagic acid (EA) contained in many fruits, including pomegranate and vegetables, can protect against binge alcohol-induced leaky gut, endotoxemia, and liver inflammation. Pretreatment with a physiologically-relevant dose of EA for 14 days significantly reduced the binge alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, and inflammatory liver injury in mice by inhibiting gut dysbiosis and the elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins. Pretreatment with EA significantly prevented the decreased amounts of gut tight junction/adherent junction proteins and the elevated gut leakiness in alcohol-exposed mice. Taken together, our results suggest that EA could be used as a dietary supplement for alcoholic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Yejin Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-hyeon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Jee-In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
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11
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Rodrigues RM, He Y, Hwang S, Bertola A, Mackowiak B, Ahmed YA, Seo W, Ma J, Wang X, Park SH, Guan Y, Fu Y, Vanhaecke T, Feng D, Gao B. E-Selectin-Dependent Inflammation and Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue Exacerbate Steatosis-to-NASH Progression via S100A8/9. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:151-171. [PMID: 34390865 PMCID: PMC8593619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, characterized by steatosis and hallmark liver neutrophil infiltration. NASH also is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, but the role of adipose tissue inflammation in NASH pathogenesis remains obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between neutrophil recruitment in adipose tissue and the progression of NASH. METHODS A mouse model of NASH was obtained by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding plus adenovirus-Cxcl1 overexpression (HFD+AdCxcl1). Genetic deletion of E-selectin (Sele) and treatment with an S100A9 inhibitor (Paquinimod) were investigated using this model. RESULTS By analyzing transcriptomic data sets of adipose tissue from NASH patients, we found that E-selectin, a key adhesion molecule for neutrophils, is the highest up-regulated gene among neutrophil recruitment-related factors in adipose tissue of NASH patients compared with those in patients with simple steatosis. A marked up-regulation of Sele in adipose tissue also was observed in HFD+AdCxcl1 mice. The HFD+AdCxcl1-induced NASH phenotype was ameliorated in Sele knockout mice and was accompanied by reduced lipolysis and inflammation in adipose tissue, which resulted in decreased serum free fatty acids and proinflammatory adipokines. S100A8/A9, a major proinflammatory protein secreted by neutrophils, was highly increased in adipose tissue of HFD+AdCxcl1 mice. This increase was blunted in the Sele knockout mice. Therapeutically, treatment with the S100A9 inhibitor Paquinimod reduced lipolysis, inflammation, and adipokine production, ameliorating the NASH phenotype in mice. CONCLUSIONS E-selectin plays an important role in inducing neutrophil recruitment in adipose tissue, which subsequently promotes inflammation and lipolysis via the production of S100A8/A9, thereby exacerbating the steatosis-to-NASH progression. Targeting adipose tissue inflammation therefore may represent a potential novel therapy for treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adeline Bertola
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Bin Gao, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. fax: (301) 480-0257.
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12
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Cho YE, Kim DK, Seo W, Gao B, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Fructose Promotes Leaky Gut, Endotoxemia, and Liver Fibrosis Through Ethanol-Inducible Cytochrome P450-2E1-Mediated Oxidative and Nitrative Stress. Hepatology 2021; 73:2180-2195. [PMID: 30959577 PMCID: PMC6783321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fructose intake is known to induce obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the effects of fructose drinking on gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and NAFLD and study the underlying mechanisms in rats, mice, and T84 colon cells. Levels of ileum junctional proteins, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis-related proteins in rodents, T84 colonic cells, and human ileums were determined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analyses. Fructose drinking caused microbiome change, leaky gut, and hepatic inflammation/fibrosis with increased levels of nitroxidative stress marker proteins cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrated proteins in small intestine and liver of rodents. Fructose drinking significantly elevated plasma bacterial endotoxin levels, likely resulting from decreased levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4), adherent junction (AJ) proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin), and desmosome plakoglobin, along with α-tubulin, in wild-type rodents, but not in fructose-exposed Cyp2e1-null mice. Consistently, decreased intestinal TJ/AJ proteins and increased hepatic inflammation with fibrosis were observed in autopsied obese people compared to lean individuals. Furthermore, histological and biochemical analyses showed markedly elevated hepatic fibrosis marker proteins in fructose-exposed rats compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analyses revealed that intestinal TJ proteins were nitrated and ubiquitinated, leading to their decreased levels in fructose-exposed rats. Conclusion: These results showed that fructose intake causes protein nitration of intestinal TJ and AJ proteins, resulting in increased gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis, at least partly, through a CYP2E1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Kyungpook, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. B. J. Song, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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13
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Wang X, Seo W, Park SH, Fu Y, Hwang S, Rodrigues RM, Feng D, Gao B, He Y. MicroRNA-223 restricts liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TAZ-IHH-GLI2 and PDGF signaling pathways via the crosstalk of multiple liver cell types. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1153-1167. [PMID: 33867837 PMCID: PMC8040312 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Liver fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix mainly generated from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). At present, the mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis remain obscure and effective pharmacological therapies are lacking. Neutrophil-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) plays an important role in controlling the development of various liver diseases; however, its role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis remains unclear. Methods: Liver fibrosis was induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection of miR-223 knockout (miR-223KO) mice and littermate wild-type controls. MiR-223 was overexpressed in cultured HSCs to determine its function and targets during HSC activation and proliferation. The expression of miR-223 and pri-miR-223 was examined in primary HSCs isolated from CCl4-treated mice and in cultured HSCs. The communication between HSCs and neutrophils was studied by performing in vitro co-culture experiments. Results: Genetic deletion of miR-223 exacerbated chronic CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Administration of miR-223 inhibited liver fibrosis by inhibiting the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)-Indian hedgehog (IHH)-GLI Family Zinc Finger 2 (GLI2) pathway via the crosstalk between hepatocytes and HSCs. Overexpression of miR-223 also directly attenuated Gli2 as well as platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/β (Pdgfra/b) expression in HSCs, thereby suppressing HSC activation and proliferation. The expression of pri-miR-223 and miR-223 was downregulated during HSC activation in vitro. Expression of pri-miR-223 was also decreased in activated HSCs in vivo in fibrotic livers but mature miR-223 expression was not reduced. Finally, in co-culture experiments, activated HSCs were able to take up miR-223-enriched extracellular vesicles from neutrophils, resulting in elevation of miR-223. Conclusion: MiR-223 restricts liver fibrosis by targeting multiple genes in hepatocytes and HSCs, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Hwang S, Wang X, Rodrigues RM, Ma J, He Y, Seo W, Park SH, Kim SJ, Feng D, Gao B. Protective and Detrimental Roles of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology 2020; 72:873-891. [PMID: 32463484 PMCID: PMC7704563 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but how this occurs during the progression from steatosis to NASH remains obscure. Human NASH features hepatic neutrophil infiltration and up-regulation of major neutrophil-recruiting chemokines (e.g., chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1 [CXCL1] and interleukin [IL]-8). However, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) only develop fatty liver without significant neutrophil infiltration or elevation of chemokines. The aim of this study was to determine why mice are resistant to NASH development and the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) activated by neutrophil-derived oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Inflamed human hepatocytes attracted neutrophils more effectively than inflamed mouse hepatocytes because of the greater induction of CXCL1 and IL-8 in human hepatocytes. Hepatic overexpression of Cxcl1 and/or IL-8 promoted steatosis-to-NASH progression in HFD-fed mice by inducing liver inflammation, injury, and p38 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of p38α/β or hepatocyte-specific deletion of p38a (a predominant form in the liver) attenuated liver injury and fibrosis in the HFD+Cxcl1 -induced NASH model that is associated with strong hepatic p38α activation. In contrast, hepatocyte-specific deletion of p38a in HFD-induced fatty liver where p38α activation is relatively weak exacerbated steatosis and liver injury. Mechanistically, weak p38α activation in fatty liver up-regulated the genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha phosphorylation, thereby reducing steatosis. Conversely, strong p38α activation in NASH promoted caspase-3 cleavage, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins homologous protein expression, and B cell lymphoma 2 phosphorylation, thereby exacerbating hepatocyte death. CONCLUSIONS Genetic ablation of hepatic p38a increases simple steatosis but ameliorates oxidative stress-driven NASH, indicating that p38α plays distinct roles depending on the disease stages, which may set the stage for investigating p38α as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Gao
- Corresponding author: Bin Gao, M.D., Ph.D., Laboratory of Liver Diseases, NIAAA/NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892; Tel: 301-443-3998.
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15
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Bernier M, Mitchell SJ, Wahl D, Diaz A, Singh A, Seo W, Wang M, Ali A, Kaiser T, Price NL, Aon MA, Kim EY, Petr MA, Cai H, Warren A, Di Germanio C, Di Francesco A, Fishbein K, Guiterrez V, Harney D, Koay YC, Mach J, Enamorado IN, Pulpitel T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Spencer RG, Becker KG, Egan JM, Lakatta EG, O'Sullivan J, Larance M, LeCouteur DG, Cogger VC, Gao B, Fernandez-Hernando C, Cuervo AM, de Cabo R. Disulfiram Treatment Normalizes Body Weight in Obese Mice. Cell Metab 2020; 32:203-214.e4. [PMID: 32413333 PMCID: PMC7957855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a top public health concern, and a molecule that safely treats obesity is urgently needed. Disulfiram (known commercially as Antabuse), an FDA-approved treatment for chronic alcohol addiction, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and helps protect against certain types of cancer. Here, we show that in mice disulfiram treatment prevented body weight gain and abrogated the adverse impact of an obesogenic diet on insulin responsiveness while mitigating liver steatosis and pancreatic islet hypertrophy. Additionally, disulfiram treatment reversed established diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in middle-aged mice. Reductions in feeding efficiency and increases in energy expenditure were associated with body weight regulation in response to long-term disulfiram treatment. Loss of fat tissue and an increase in liver fenestrations were also observed in rats on disulfiram. Given the potent anti-obesogenic effects in rodents, repurposing disulfiram in the clinic could represent a new strategy to treat obesity and its metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Devin Wahl
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingy Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tamzin Kaiser
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael A Petr
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Huan Cai
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alessa Warren
- Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ken Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vince Guiterrez
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dylan Harney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - John Mach
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ignacio Navas Enamorado
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Yushi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David G LeCouteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Hwang S, He Y, Xiang X, Seo W, Kim SJ, Ma J, Ren T, Park SH, Zhou Z, Feng D, Kunos G, Gao B. Interleukin-22 Ameliorates Neutrophil-Driven Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Multiple Targets. Hepatology 2020; 72:412-429. [PMID: 31705800 PMCID: PMC7210045 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. At present, how simple steatosis progresses to NASH remains obscure and effective pharmacological therapies are lacking. Hepatic expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), a key chemokine for neutrophil infiltration (a hallmark of NASH), is highly elevated in NASH patients but not in fatty livers in obese individuals or in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The aim of this study was to test whether overexpression of CXCL1 itself in the liver can induce NASH in HFD-fed mice and to test the therapeutic potential of IL-22 in this new NASH model. APPROACH AND RESULTS Overexpression of Cxcl1 in the liver alone promotes steatosis-to-NASH progression in HFD-fed mice by inducing neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and stress kinase (such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) activation. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1)/p47phox gene, which encodes a component of the NADPH oxidase 2 complex that mediates neutrophil oxidative burst, markedly reduced CXCL1-induced NASH and stress kinase activation in HFD-fed mice. Treatment with interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine with multiple targets, ameliorated CXCL1/HFD-induced NASH or methionine-choline deficient diet-induced NASH in mice. Mechanistically, IL-22 blocked hepatic oxidative stress and its associated stress kinases via the induction of metallothionein, one of the most potent antioxidant proteins. Moreover, although it does not target immune cells, IL-22 treatment attenuated the inflammatory functions of hepatocyte-derived, mitochondrial DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles, thereby suppressing liver inflammation in NASH. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic overexpression of CXCL1 is sufficient to drive steatosis-to-NASH progression in HFD-fed mice through neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species and activation of stress kinases, which can be reversed by IL-22 treatment via the induction of metallothionein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Lee JH, Shim YR, Seo W, Kim MH, Choi WM, Kim HH, Kim YE, Yang K, Ryu T, Jeong JM, Choi HG, Eun HS, Kim SH, Mun H, Yoon JH, Jeong WI. Mitochondrial Double-Stranded RNA in Exosome Promotes Interleukin-17 Production Through Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Alcohol-associated Liver Injury. Hepatology 2020; 72:609-625. [PMID: 31849082 PMCID: PMC7297661 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mtdsRNA) and its innate immune responses have been reported previously; however, mtdsRNA generation and its effects on alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remain unclear. Here, we report that hepatic mtdsRNA stimulates toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in Kupffer cells through the exosome (Exo) to enhance interleukin (IL)-17A (IL-17A) production in ALD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Following binge ethanol (EtOH) drinking, IL-17A production primarily increased in γδ T cells of wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the production of IL-17A was mainly facilitated by CD4+ T cells in acute-on-chronic EtOH consumption. These were not observed in TLR3 knockout (KO) or Kupffer cell-depleted WT mice. The expression of polynucleotide phosphorylase, an mtdsRNA-restricting enzyme, was significantly decreased in EtOH-exposed livers and hepatocytes of WT mice. Immunostaining revealed that mtdsRNA colocalized with the mitochondria in EtOH-treated hepatocytes from WT mice and healthy humans. Bioanalyzer analysis revealed that small-sized RNAs were enriched in EtOH-treated Exos (EtOH-Exos) rather than EtOH-treated microvesicles in hepatocytes of WT mice and humans. Quantitative real-time PCR and RNA sequencing analyses indicated that mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes encoded by heavy and light strands was robustly increased in EtOH-Exos from mice and humans. After direct treatment with EtOH-Exos, IL-1β expression was significantly increased in WT Kupffer cells but not in TLR3 KO Kupffer cells, augmenting IL-17A production of γδ T cells in mice and humans. CONCLUSIONS EtOH-mediated generation of mtdsRNA contributes to TLR3 activation in Kupffer cells through exosomal delivery. Consequently, increased IL-1β expression in Kupffer cells triggers IL-17A production in γδ T cells at the early stage that may accelerate IL-17A expression in CD4+ T cells in the later stage of ALD. Therefore, mtdsRNA and TLR3 may function as therapeutic targets in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Gwon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Mun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Xiang X, Feng D, Hwang S, Ren T, Wang X, Trojnar E, Matyas C, Mo R, Shang D, He Y, Seo W, Shah VH, Pacher P, Xie Q, Gao B. Interleukin-22 ameliorates acute-on-chronic liver failure by reprogramming impaired regeneration pathways in mice. J Hepatol 2020; 72:736-745. [PMID: 31786256 PMCID: PMC7085428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome defined by liver failure on pre-existing chronic liver disease. It is often associated with bacterial infection and high short-term mortality. Experimental models that fully reproduce ACLF are lacking, so too are effective pharmacological therapies for this condition. METHODS To mimic ACLF conditions, we developed a severe liver injury model by combining chronic injury (chronic carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] injection), acute hepatic insult (injection of a double dose of CCl4), and bacterial infection (intraperitoneal injection of bacteria). Serum and liver samples from patients with ACLF or acute drug-induced liver injury (DILI) were used. Liver injury and regeneration were assessed to ascertain the potential benefits of interleukin-22 (IL-22Fc) administration. RESULTS This severe liver injury model recapitulated some of the key features of clinical ACLF, including acute-on-chronic liver injury, bacterial infection, multi-organ injury, and high mortality. Liver regeneration in this model was severely impaired because of a shift from the activation of the pro-regenerative IL-6/STAT3 pathway to the anti-regenerative IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway. The impaired IL-6/STAT3 activation was due to the inability of Kupffer cells to produce IL-6; whereas the enhanced STAT1 activation was due to a strong innate immune response and subsequent production of IFN-γ. Compared to patients with DILI, patients with ACLF had higher levels of IFN-γ but lower liver regeneration. IL-22Fc treatment improved survival in ACLF mice by reversing the STAT1/STAT3 pathway imbalance and enhancing expression of many antibacterial genes in a manner involving the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. CONCLUSIONS Acute-on-chronic liver injury or bacterial infection is associated with impaired liver regeneration due to a shift from a pro-regenerative to an anti-regenerative pathway. IL-22Fc therapy reverses this shift and attenuates bacterial infection, thus IL-22Fc may have therapeutic potential for ACLF treatment. LAY SUMMARY A mouse model combining chronic liver injury, acute hepatic insult, and bacterial infection recapitulates some of the key features of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients. Both fibrosis and bacterial infection contribute to the impaired regenerative capacity of the liver in patients with ACLF. Herein, we show that IL-22Fc therapy improves ACLF by reprogramming impaired regenerative pathways and attenuating bacterial infection. Thus, it may have therapeutic potential for patients with ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xiang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruidong Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Choi WM, Kim HH, Kim MH, Cinar R, Yi HS, Eun HS, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Lee YS, Kim SY, Seo W, Lee JH, Shim YR, Kim YE, Yang K, Ryu T, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Choi HS, Gao B, Kim W, Kim SK, Kunos G, Jeong WI. Glutamate Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells Drives Alcoholic Steatosis. Cell Metab 2019; 30:877-889.e7. [PMID: 31474565 PMCID: PMC6834910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) by hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-derived 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) drives de novo lipogenesis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). How alcohol stimulates 2-AG production in HSCs is unknown. Here, we report that chronic alcohol consumption induced hepatic cysteine deficiency and subsequent glutathione depletion by impaired transsulfuration pathway. A compensatory increase in hepatic cystine-glutamate anti-porter xCT boosted extracellular glutamate levels coupled to cystine uptake both in mice and in patients with ALD. Alcohol also induced the selective expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) in HSCs where mGluR5 activation stimulated 2-AG production. Consistently, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mGluR5 or xCT attenuated alcoholic steatosis in mice via the suppression of 2-AG production and subsequent CB1R-mediated de novo lipogenesis. We conclude that a bidirectional signaling operates at a metabolic synapse between hepatocytes and HSCs through xCT-mediated glutamate-mGluR5 signaling to produce 2-AG, which induces CB1R-mediated alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of the Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Seo W, Gao Y, He Y, Sun J, Xu H, Feng D, Park SH, Cho YE, Guillot A, Ren T, Wu R, Wang J, Kim SJ, Hwang S, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Y, Niu J, Gao B. ALDH2 deficiency promotes alcohol-associated liver cancer by activating oncogenic pathways via oxidized DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1000-1011. [PMID: 31279903 PMCID: PMC6801025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 30-40% of the Asian population are deficient for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme that detoxifies the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. However, how ALDH2 deficiency affects alcohol-related HCC remains unclear. METHODS ALDH2 polymorphisms were studied in 646 patients with viral hepatitis B (HBV) infection, who did or did not drink alcohol. A new model of HCC induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and alcohol administration was developed and studied in 3 lines of Aldh2-deficient mice: including Aldh2 global knockout (KO) mice, Aldh2*1/*2 knock-in mutant mice, and liver-specific Aldh2 KO mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that ALDH2 deficiency was not associated with liver disease progression but was associated with an increased risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients with HBV who consumed excessive alcohol. The mechanisms underlying HCC development associated with cirrhosis and alcohol consumption were studied in Aldh2-deficient mice. We found that all 3 lines of Aldh2-deficient mice were more susceptible to CCl4 plus alcohol-associated liver fibrosis and HCC development. Furthermore, our results from in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies revealed that after CCl4 plus ethanol exposure, Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes produced a large amount of harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA via extracellular vesicles, which were then transferred into neighboring HCC cells and together with acetaldehyde activated multiple oncogenic pathways (JNK, STAT3, BCL-2, and TAZ), thereby promoting HCC. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 deficiency is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related HCC development from fibrosis in patients and in mice. Mechanistic studies reveal a novel mechanism that Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes promote alcohol-associated HCC by transferring harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles into HCC and subsequently activating multiple oncogenic pathways in HCC. LAY SUMMARY Alcoholics with an ALDH2 polymorphism have an increased risk of digestive tract cancer development, however, the link between ALDH2 deficiency and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been well established. In this study, we show that ALDH2 deficiency exacerbates alcohol-associated HCC development both in patients and mouse models. Mechanistic studies revealed that after chronic alcohol exposure, Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes produce a large amount of harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA via extracellular vesicles, which can be delivered into neighboring HCC cells and subsequently activate multiple oncogenic pathways, promoting HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA;,Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA;,Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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He Y, Hwang S, Cai Y, Kim SJ, Xu M, Yang D, Guillot A, Feng D, Seo W, Hou X, Gao B. MicroRNA-223 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Cancer by Targeting Multiple Inflammatory and Oncogenic Genes in Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2019; 70:1150-1167. [PMID: 30964207 PMCID: PMC6783322 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to more severe forms of liver injury including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In humans, only 20%-40% of patients with fatty liver progress to NASH, and mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) develop fatty liver but are resistant to NASH development. To understand how simple steatosis progresses to NASH, we examined hepatic expression of anti-inflammatory microRNA-223 (miR-223) and found that this miRNA was highly elevated in hepatocytes in HFD-fed mice and in human NASH samples. Genetic deletion of miR-223 induced a full spectrum of NAFLD in long-term HFD-fed mice including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC. Furthermore, microarray analyses revealed that, compared to wild-type mice, HFD-fed miR-223 knockout (miR-223KO) mice had greater hepatic expression of many inflammatory genes and cancer-related genes, including (C-X-C motif) chemokine 10 (Cxcl10) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz), two well-known factors that promote NASH development. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Cxcl10 and Taz are two downstream targets of miR-223 and that overexpression of miR-223 reduced their expression in cultured hepatocytes. Hepatic levels of miR-223, CXCL10, and TAZ mRNA were elevated in human NASH samples, which positively correlated with hepatic levels of several miR-223 targeted genes as well as several proinflammatory, cancer-related, and fibrogenic genes. Conclusion: HFD-fed miR-223KO mice develop a full spectrum of NAFLD, representing a clinically relevant mouse NAFLD model; miR-223 plays a key role in controlling steatosis-to-NASH progression by inhibiting hepatic Cxcl10 and Taz expression and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dingcheng Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xin Hou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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22
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Gao Y, Zhou Z, Ren T, Kim SJ, He Y, Seo W, Guillot A, Ding Y, Wu R, Shao S, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang W, Feng D, Xu M, Han E, Zhong W, Zhou Z, Pacher P, Niu J, Gao B. Alcohol inhibits T-cell glucose metabolism and hepatitis in ALDH2-deficient mice and humans: roles of acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids. Gut 2019; 68:1311-1322. [PMID: 30121625 PMCID: PMC6582747 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme to detoxify acetaldehyde in the liver, exists in both active and inactive forms in humans. Individuals with inactive ALDH2 accumulate acetaldehyde after alcohol consumption. However, how acetaldehyde affects T-cell hepatitis remains unknown. DESIGN Wild-type (WT) and Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2-/-) mice were subjected to chronic ethanol feeding and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T-cell hepatitis. Effects of acetaldehyde on T-cell glucose metabolism were investigated in vitro. Human subjects were recruited for binge drinking and plasma cortisol and corticosterone measurement. RESULTS Ethanol feeding exacerbated ConA-induced hepatitis in WT mice but surprisingly attenuated it in Aldh2-/- mice despite higher acetaldehyde levels in Aldh2-/- mice. Elevation of serum cytokines and their downstream signals in the liver post-ConA injection was attenuated in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice compared to WT mice. In vitro exposure to acetaldehyde inhibited ConA-induced production of several cytokines without affecting their mRNAs in mouse splenocytes. Acetaldehyde also attenuated interferon-γ production in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. Mechanistically, acetaldehyde interfered with glucose metabolism in T cells by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-related signal pathways. Finally, compared to WT mice, ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice had higher levels of serum corticosterone, a well-known factor that inhibits aerobic glycolysis. Blockade of corticosterone partially restored ConA-mediated hepatitis in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice. Acute alcohol drinking elevated plasma cortisol and corticosterone levels in human subjects with higher levels in those with inactive ALDH2 than those with active ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 deficiency is associated with elevated acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids post-alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting T-cell activation and hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Shao
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine Han
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kim SJ, Feng D, Guillot A, Dai S, Liu F, Hwang S, Parker R, Seo W, He Y, Godlewski G, Jeong WI, Lin Y, Qin X, Kunos G, Gao B. Adipocyte Death Preferentially Induces Liver Injury and Inflammation Through the Activation of Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 2-Positive Macrophages and Lipolysis. Hepatology 2019; 69:1965-1982. [PMID: 30681731 PMCID: PMC6461506 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte death occurs under various physiopathological conditions, including obesity and alcohol drinking, and can trigger organ damage particularly in the liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. To explore these mechanisms, we developed a mouse model of inducible adipocyte death by overexpressing the human CD59 (hCD59) on adipocytes (adipocyte-specific hCD59 transgenic mice). Injection of these mice with intermedilysin (ILY), which rapidly lyses hCD59 expressing cells exclusively by binding to the hCD59 but not mouse CD59, resulted in the acute selective death of adipocytes, adipose macrophage infiltration, and elevation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels. ILY injection also resulted in the secondary damage to multiple organs with the strongest injury observed in the liver, with inflammation and hepatic macrophage activation. Mechanistically, acute adipocyte death elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine levels and activated lipolysis pathways in adipose tissue in a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2-positive (CCR2+ ) macrophage-dependent manner, which was followed by FFA release and lipotoxicity in the liver. Additionally, acute adipocyte death caused hepatic CCR2+ macrophage activation and infiltration, further exacerbating liver injury. Conclusion: Adipocyte death predominantly induces liver injury and inflammation, which is probably due to the superior sensitivity of hepatocytes to lipotoxicity and the abundance of macrophages in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shen Dai
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Parker
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,NIHR Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author: Bin Gao, M.D., Ph.D., Laboratory of Liver Diseases, NIAAA/NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892. Tel: 301-443-3998;
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Cho YE, Seo W, Kim DK, Moon PG, Kim SH, Lee BH, Song BJ, Baek MC. Exogenous exosomes from mice with acetaminophen-induced liver injury promote toxicity in the recipient hepatocytes and mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16070. [PMID: 30375433 PMCID: PMC6207703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular membrane vesicles released from endosomes of various cells and could be found in most body fluids. The main functions of exosomes have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication and as potential biomarkers of various disease states. This study investigated whether exogenous exosomes from mice with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury can damage the recipient hepatic cells or promote hepatotoxicity in mice. We observed that exogenous exosomes derived from APAP-exposed mice were internalized into the primary mouse hepatocytes or HepG2 hepatoma cells and significantly decreased the viability of these recipient cells. They also elevated mRNA transcripts and proteins associated with the cell death signaling pathways in primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells via exosomes-to-cell communications. In addition, confocal microscopy of ex vivo liver section showed that exogenously added exosomes were accumulated in recipient hepatocytes. Furthermore, plasma reactive oxygen species and hepatic TNF-α/IL-1β production were elevated in APAP-exosomes recipient mice compared to control-exosomes recipient mice. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as phospho-JNK/JNK, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were increased in mouse liver received APAP-exosomes. These results demonstrate that exogenous exosomes from APAP-exposed mice with acute liver injury are functional and stimulate cell death or toxicity of the recipient hepatocytes and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Min K, Lee C, Seo W, Kim W. 418 The relationship between premature ejaculation and lower urinary tract symptoms in mid to old men. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Yu W, Seo W, Tan T, Jung B, Ziaie B. A diaper-embedded disposable nitrite sensor with integrated on-board urine-activated battery for UTI screening. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:303-306. [PMID: 28268337 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a low-cost solution to the early detection of urinary nitrite, a common surrogate for urinary tract infection (UTI). We present a facile method to fabricate a disposable and flexible colorimetric [1] nitrite sensor and its urine-activated power source [2] on a hydrophobic (wax) paper through laser-assisted patterning and lamination. Such device, integrated with interface circuitry and a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) module can be embedded onto a diaper, and transmit semi-quantitative UTI monitoring information in a point-of-care and autonomous fashion. The proposed nitrite sensing platform achieves a sensitivity of 1.35 ms/(mg/L) and a detection limit of 4 mg/L.
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27
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Seo W, Servat A, Cliquet F, Akinbowale J, Prehaud C, Lafon M, Sabeta C. Comparison of G protein sequences of South African street rabies viruses showing distinct progression of the disease in a mouse model of experimental rabies. Microbes Infect 2017. [PMID: 28627433 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease and infections generally lead to a fatal encephalomyelitis in both humans and animals. In South Africa, domestic (dogs) and the wildlife (yellow mongoose) host species maintain the canid and mongoose rabies variants respectively. In this study, pathogenicity differences of South African canid and mongoose rabies viruses were investigated in a murine model, by assessing the progression of clinical signs and survivorship. Comparison of glycoprotein gene sequences revealed amino acid differences that may underpin the observed pathogenicity differences. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the canid rabies virus may be more neurovirulent in mice than the mongoose rabies variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alexandre Servat
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, OIE and EU Rabies Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, Malzéville, France
| | - Florence Cliquet
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, OIE and EU Rabies Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, Malzéville, France
| | - Jenkins Akinbowale
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christophe Prehaud
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Monique Lafon
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Claude Sabeta
- OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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28
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Seo W, Prehaud C, Khan Z, Sabeta C, Lafon M. Investigation of rabies virus glycoprotein carboxyl terminus as an in vitro predictive tool of neurovirulence. A 3R approach. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:476-484. [PMID: 28602914 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the field of live viral vaccines production, there is an unmet need for in vitro tests complying a 3R approach (Refine, Replace and Reduce the use of animal experimentation) to replace the post-licensing safety tests currently assayed in animals. Here, we performed a pilot study evaluating whether virulence of rabies virus, RABV, can be forecast by an in vitro test of neurite outgrowth. The rationale to use neurite outgrowth as a read-out for this test is based on the salient property of the cytoplasmic domain of the G-protein (Cyto-G) of virulent RABV strains - not of attenuated RABV strains - to stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro. We observed that neurite elongation triggered by the Cyto-Gs encoded by different RABV field isolates correlate with the distinct virulence scores obtained in a mouse model of experimental rabies. Our results cast the idea that it could be feasible to predict RABV virulence by testing the in vitro property of a RABV strain to promote neurite outgrowth without the use of animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Prehaud
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Zakir Khan
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Sabeta
- OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Monique Lafon
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering at KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Jo
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering at KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering at KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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30
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Seo W, Eun HS, Kim SY, Yi HS, Lee YS, Park SH, Jang MJ, Jo E, Kim SC, Han YM, Park KG, Jeong WI. Exosome-mediated activation of toll-like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin-17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2016; 64:616-31. [PMID: 27178735 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During liver injury, hepatocytes secrete exosomes that include diverse types of self-RNAs. Recently, self-noncoding RNA has been recognized as an activator of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the roles of hepatic exosomes and TLR3 in liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood. Following acute liver injury and early-stage liver fibrosis induced by a single or 2-week injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), increased interleukin (IL)-17A production was detected primarily in hepatic γδ T cells in wild-type (WT) mice. However, liver fibrosis and IL-17A production by γδ T cells were both significantly attenuated in TLR3 knockout (KO) mice compared with WT mice. More interestingly, IL-17A-producing γδ T cells were in close contact with activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), suggesting a role for HSCs in IL-17A production by γδ T cells. In vitro treatments with exosomes derived from CCl4 -treated hepatocytes significantly increased the expression of IL-17A, IL-1β, and IL-23 in WT HSCs but not in TLR3 KO HSCs. Furthermore, IL-17A production by γδ T cells was substantially increased upon coculturing with exosome-treated WT HSCs or conditioned medium from TLR3-activated WT HSCs. However, similar increases were not detected when γδ T cells were cocultured with exosome-treated HSCs from IL-17A KO or TLR3 KO mice. Using reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between WT and TLR3 KO mice, we found that TLR3 deficiency in HSCs contributed to decreased IL-17A production by γδ T cells, as well as liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION In liver injury, the exosome-mediated activation of TLR3 in HSCs exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing IL-17A production by γδ T cells, which might be associated with HSC stimulation by unknown self-TLR3 ligands from damaged hepatocytes. Therefore, TLR3 might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:616-631).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Jo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Seo W, Jeong WI. Hepatic non-parenchymal cells: Master regulators of alcoholic liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1348-1356. [PMID: 26819504 PMCID: PMC4721970 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In the past, alcohol-mediated hepatocyte injury was assumed to be a significantly major cause of ALD. However, a huge number of recent and brilliant studies have demonstrated that hepatic non-parenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and diverse types of lymphocytes play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ALD by producing inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, oxidative stress, microRNA, and lipid-originated metabolites (retinoic acid and endocannabinoids) or by directly interacting with parenchymal cells (hepatocytes). Therefore, understanding the comprehensive roles of hepatic non-parenchymal cells during the development of ALD will provide new integrative directions for the treatment of ALD. This review will address the roles of non-parenchymal cells in alcoholic steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis and might help us to discover possible therapeutic targets and treatments involving modulating the non-parenchymal cells in ALD.
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32
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Seo W, Jeong WI. Novel insight into a platelet-derived growth factor-C/Smad3 axis in liver fibrosis. Focus on "Role of Smad3 in platelet-derived growth factor-C-induced liver fibrosis". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C434-5. [PMID: 26791492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00369.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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33
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Jeong Y, Lee J, Han K, Choi B, Seo W. The association between sleep duration and obesity in Korean adolescents: 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Lee YS, Yi HS, Suh YG, Byun JS, Eun HS, Kim SY, Seo W, Jeong JM, Choi WM, Kim MH, Kim JH, Park KG, Jeong WI. Blockade of Retinol Metabolism Protects T Cell-Induced Hepatitis by Increasing Migration of Regulatory T Cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:998-1006. [PMID: 26537191 PMCID: PMC4673415 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinols are metabolized into retinoic acids by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh). However, their roles have yet to be clarified in hepatitis despite enriched retinols in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Therefore, we investigated the effects of retinols on Concanavalin A (Con A)-mediated hepatitis. Con A was injected into wild type (WT), Raldh1 knock-out (Raldh1(-/-)), CCL2(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice. For migration study of regulatory T cells (Tregs), we used in vivo and ex vivo adoptive transfer systems. Blockade of retinol metabolism in mice given 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, and ablated Raldh1 gene manifested increased migration of Tregs, eventually protected against Con A-mediated hepatitis by decreasing interferon-γ in T cells. Moreover, interferon-γ treatment increased the expression of ADH3 and Raldh1, but it suppressed that of CCL2 and IL-6 in HSCs. However, the expression of CCL2 and IL-6 was inversely increased upon the pharmacologic or genetic ablation of ADH3 and Raldh1 in HSCs. Indeed, IL-6 treatment increased CCR2 expression of Tregs. In migration assay, ablated CCR2 in Tregs showed reduced migration to HSCs. In adoptive transfer of Tregs in vivo and ex vivo, Raldh1-deficient mice showed more increased migration of Tregs than WT mice. Furthermore, inhibited retinol metabolism increased survival rate (75%) compared with that of the controls (25%) in Con A-induced hepatitis. These results suggest that blockade of retinol metabolism protects against acute liver injury by increased Treg migration, and it may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to control T cell-mediated acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Yang-Gun Suh
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408,
Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
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35
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Yi HS, Lee YS, Byun JS, Seo W, Jeong JM, Park O, Duester G, Haseba T, Kim SC, Park KG, Gao B, Jeong WI. Alcohol dehydrogenase III exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing stellate cell activation and suppressing natural killer cells in mice. Hepatology 2014; 60:1044-53. [PMID: 24668648 PMCID: PMC4867000 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The important roles of retinols and their metabolites have recently been emphasized in the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Nevertheless, the expression and role of retinol metabolizing enzyme in both cell types have yet to be clarified. Thus, we investigated the expression of retinol metabolizing enzyme and its role in liver fibrosis. Among several retinol metabolizing enzymes, only alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 3 expression was detected in isolated HSCs and NK cells, whereas hepatocytes express all of them. In vitro treatment with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), a broad ADH inhibitor, or depletion of the ADH3 gene down-regulated collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression, but did not affect α-smooth muscle actin gene expression in cultured HSCs. Additionally, in vitro, treatments with retinol suppressed NK cell activities, whereas inhibition of ADH3 enhanced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. In vivo, genetic depletion of the ADH3 gene ameliorated bile duct ligation- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, in which a higher number of apoptotic HSCs and an enhanced activation of NK cells were detected. Freshly isolated HSCs from ADH3-deficient mice showed reduced expression of collagen and TGF-β1, but enhanced expression of IFN-γ was detected in NK cells from these mice compared with those of control mice. Using reciprocal bone marrow transplantation of wild-type and ADH3-deficient mice, we demonstrated that ADH3 deficiency in both HSCs and NK cells contributed to the suppressed liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION ADH3 plays important roles in promoting liver fibrosis by enhancing HSC activation and inhibiting NK cell activity, and could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Study, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Study, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Hong HG, Seo W, Song Y, Lee M, Jeong H, Shin Y, Choi W, Dasari RR, An K. Spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser: strong coupling effects in the frequency pulling at off resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:243601. [PMID: 23368317 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental observation of the cavity-QED microlaser spectrum, specifically the unconventional frequency pulling brought by a strong atom-cavity coupling at off resonance. The pulling is enhanced quadratically by the atom-cavity coupling to result in a sensitive response to the number of pumping atoms (2.1 kHz per atom maximally). Periodic variation of the pulling due to the coherent Rabi oscillation is also observed as the number of pumping atoms is increased across multiple thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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37
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Kim J, Lee M, Kim D, Seo W, Hong HG, Song Y, An K. Prescribed nondegenerate high-order modes in an axial-asymmetric high-finesse Fabry-Perot microcavity. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1457-1459. [PMID: 22555703 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report an axial-asymmetric high-Q Fabry-Perot cavity supporting nondegenerate Hermite-Gaussian modes of the same mode order. Axial asymmetry of mirror surface was introduced by mechanically grinding off one side of a cylindrical mirror substrate without degrading the original mirror quality. The bases of the resulting Hermite-Gaussian modes were aligned with respect to the direction of grinding, making it possible to prescribe the mirror principal axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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38
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Tvaskis V, Christy ME, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Blok HP, Bosted P, Boswell M, Bruell A, Cochran A, Cole L, Crowder J, Dunne J, Ent R, Fenker HC, Filippone BW, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gomez J, Jackson HE, Keppel CE, Kinney E, Lapikás L, Liang Y, Lorenzon W, Lung A, Mack DJ, Martin JW, McIlhany K, Meekins D, Milner RG, Mitchell JH, Mkrtchyan H, Moreland B, Nazaryan V, Niculescu I, Opper A, Piercey RB, Potterveld DH, Rose B, Sato Y, Seo W, Smith G, Spurlock K, van der Steenhoven G, Stepanyan S, Tadevosian V, Uzzle A, Vulcan WF, Wood SA, Zihlmann B, Ziskin V. Longitudinal-transverse separations of deep-inelastic structure functions at low Q2 for hydrogen and deuterium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:142301. [PMID: 17501267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study of the longitudinal to transverse cross section ratio, R=sigmaL/sigmaT, at low values of x and Q2, as determined from inclusive inelastic electron-hydrogen and electron-deuterium scattering data from Jefferson Laboratory Hall C spanning the four-momentum transfer range 0.06<Q2<2.8 GeV2. Even at the lowest values of Q2, R remains nearly constant and does not disappear with decreasing Q2, as might be expected. We find a nearly identical behavior for hydrogen and deuterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tvaskis
- Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Madey R, Semenov AY, Taylor S, Plaster B, Aghalaryan A, Crouse E, MacLachlan G, Tajima S, Tireman W, Yan C, Ahmidouch A, Anderson BD, Arenhövel H, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Baldwin AR, Barkhuff D, Breuer H, Carlini R, Christy E, Churchwell S, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Day D, Eden T, Elaasar M, Ent R, Farkhondeh M, Fenker H, Finn JM, Gan L, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gueye P, Howell CR, Hu B, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Keppel C, Khandaker M, Kim WY, Kowalski S, Lai A, Lung A, Mack D, Manley DM, Markowitz P, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Punjabi V, Raue B, Reichelt T, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sato Y, Savvinov N, Semenova IA, Seo W, Simicevic N, Smith G, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Ulmer PE, Vulcan W, Watson JW, Wells S, Wesselmann F, Wood S, Yan C, Yang S, Yuan L, Zhang WM, Zhu H, Zhu X. Measurements of GnE/GnM from the 2H(e-->,en-->)1H Reaction to Q2=1.45 (GeV/c)2. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:122002. [PMID: 14525355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report new measurements of the ratio of the electric form factor to the magnetic form factor of the neutron, G(n)(E)/G(n)(M), obtained via recoil polarimetry from the quasielastic 2H(e-->,e(')n-->)1H reaction at Q2 values of 0.45, 1.13, and 1.45 (GeV/c)(2) with relative statistical uncertainties of 7.6% and 8.4% at the two higher Q2 points, which points have never been achieved in polarization measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Madey
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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40
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Shafer EL, Upneja A, Seo W, Yoon J. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Economic Values of Recreational Power Boating Resources in Pennsylvania. Environ Manage 2000; 26:339-348. [PMID: 10977886 DOI: 10.1007/s002670010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
/ The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic value of seven major power boating resources in Pennsylvania. A significant relationship between number of visitor trips and cost per visitor trip existed for five of the seven water bodies. The annual total value for those five resources was $396 million, which was 2.5 times greater than the total out-of-pocket expenditures of approximately $157 million visitors spent to visit them. Research results can help resource managers plan and craft programs and policies that are founded on economic values of the natural resources involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- EL Shafer
- School of Hotel, Restaurant and Recreation Management, The Pennsylvania State University, 215 Mateer Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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41
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Fukazawa K, Fujii M, Tomofuji S, Ogasawara H, Seo W, Sakagami M. [Local injection of dexamethasone acetate suspension into the nasal mucosa in cases of olfactory disturbance]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1999; 102:1175-83. [PMID: 10565175 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.102.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Local injections of suspended steroid solution into the nasal mucosa were performed for 102 patients with olfactory disturbances. Dexamethasone acetate suspension in a concentration of 4 mg/0.5 ml was injected into the mucosa of the nasal septum on each side every 2 weeks for a total of 8 times. Mecobalamin and ATP were also administrated in a daily dose of 750 micrograms and 300 mg, respectively. Of the 102 olfactory disturbance patients, 32 patients had chronic sinusitis, 24 patients had common cold, 14 patients had allergic rhinitis, 9 patients had head trauma and the remaining 23 patients the reason for the disturbance was unknown. Using a visual analogue scale, improvements were found in 63.7%. We assessed the effect of this therapy on the threshold of olfactory sensation and perception using a T & T olfactogram. The overall mean values of olfactory sensation and perception were significantly improved; from 4.75 +/- 1.44 (SD) to 3.01 +/- 2.13 (SD) and from 5.30 +/- 0.88 (SD) to 4.19 +/- 1.60 (SD), respectively. All but the cases of head trauma showed significant improvement. Overall, 44 (43.1%) of the 102 patients were defined as having had a positive olfactory response to this treatment (an improvement in the average perception olfactory score of > = 1.0). In cases of chronic sinusitis, 15 (46.9%) of the 32 patients were positive. 12 (50.0%) of the common cold 24 patients, 7 (50.0%) of the 14 allergic rhinitis patients, 2 (22.2%) of the 9 head trauma patients and 11 (47.8%) of the 23 unknown etiology patients were positive for this treatment. Patients with severe olfactory dysfunction and anosmia showed a lower response than the patients who were mildly to moderately affected. Patients showing no response in the Alinamin intravenous test showed also lower improvement rates than those showing a normal response. Interestingly, 8 (27.6%) of 29 patients with a normal appearance of the olfactory clefts and no response for the Alinamin test responded positively to this treatment. This meant that the olfactory disturbance might be due to the existence of edema surrounding the olfactory nerve, not of the olfactory cleft. The improvement rate of patients treated within one year from the onset of these olfactory disturbance was better than the rate of those over one year. The present new therapeutic modality is very useful as a treatment which showed only be performed by otolaryngologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya
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Seo W, Ogasawara H, Sakagami M. Chemohormonal therapy for malignant melanomas of the nasal and paranasal mucosa. Rhinology 1997; 35:19-21. [PMID: 9200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present three cases of primary malignant melanoma of the nasal or paranasal mucosa that were successfully treated by chemohormonal therapy using tamoxifen (TAM), an anti-estrogen agent. All of the patients showed good responses. TAM is widely known to be an anti-estrogen chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer and is thought to exert its anti-neoplastic effect in breast cancer tissues by competing with estrogen for estrogen receptors. The mechanism of the effect of TAM in malignant melanoma is not yet known. Although its anti-neoplastic mechanism requires further exploration, we believe that chemohormonal therapy may become important in multidisciplinary treatment of malignant melanoma of the nasal and paranasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Minazawa H, Nakamuta N, Yamaguchi A, Abe K, Konishi M, Murayama T, Ito H, Seo W, Kuwahara T, Tsuchikawa K. Clinical study of immediate reconstruction using a mandibular reconstruction plate (LEIBINGER®). Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(97)81116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The management of malignant melanoma of the head and neck is controversial in view of the poor prognosis. Although radical surgery has been proposed as the best therapy for mucosal malignant melanoma, it has seldom been performed because of the extent of tumors and anatomical difficulties. In spite of testing various methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, that have been suggested for treatment of this malignant disease, there are still no well established effective therapies. We attempted chemohormonal therapy including TAM (Tamoxifen), an anti-estrogen agent, in six patients with primary malignant melanoma from 1993 to 1996. Three patients had a complete response, two had a partial response, and one showed no change. The toxicity in this protocol was found to be low. Generally, the patients showed good responses to chemohormonal therapy. TAM has been previously best known as a therapeutic agent for mammary cancer. Its anti-cancer effect is thought to be due to the anti-estrogen activity revealed by binding to the estrogen receptor competitively with estrogen in the tumor tissue. However, the mechanism of the action of TAM against malignant melanoma has not been clarified yet. Although its anti-cancer mechanism should be further explored, it is suggested that this chemohormonal therapy could occupy a very important position in the multidisciplinary therapy of malignant melanoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Seo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya
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45
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Abstract
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (thrombocytopenia, consumption coagulopathy and occasional hemolysis) is an infrequent but often fatal complication of rapidly growing hemangiomas in infants. We describe a 1-month-old infant with a huge hemangioma involving the left submandibular region associated with a severe consumptive coagulopathy, who was successfully treated with transfusion of blood products, prednisone and radiation therapy. It is stressed that pediatric otorhinolaryngologists should always be aware of the lethal status of this condition in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Seo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Hospital, Sumoto, Japan
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