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He Q, Yin Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Pan D, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Ma H, Li X, Shen C, Qin J, Wang S. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting mitophagy in a Gao-binge mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167259. [PMID: 38796918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, approved medications for the treatment of this condition are quite limited. One promising candidate is the anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which has been reported to protect mice against hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as fibrosis in different animal models. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of C3G on ALD remain to be investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this report, a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD was used to investigate the effects of C3G on ethanol-induced liver injury. The mechanisms of these C3G effects were assessed using AML12 hepatocytes. RESULTS C3G administration ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress, as well as through reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Mechanistically, C3G activated the AMPK pathway and enhanced mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria, thus reducing mitochondria-derived reactive oxidative species in ethanol-challenged hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that mitophagy plays a potentially important role underlying the hepatoprotective action of C3G, as demonstrated in a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD. Accordingly, C3G may serve as a promising, new therapeutic drug candidate for use in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhao Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuanji Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Ding Z, Song H, Wang F. Role of lipins in cardiovascular diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 37964368 PMCID: PMC10644651 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin family members in mammals include lipins 1, 2, and 3. Lipin family proteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism due to their bifunctionality as both transcriptional coregulators and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes. In this review, we discuss the structural features, expression patterns, and pathophysiologic functions of lipins, emphasizing their direct as well as indirect roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Elucidating the regulation of lipins facilitates a deeper understanding of the roles of lipins in the processes underlying CVDs. The activity of lipins is modulated at various levels, e.g., in the form of the transcription of genes, post-translational modifications, and subcellular protein localization. Because lipin characteristics are undergoing progressive clarification, further research is necessitated to then actuate the investigation of lipins as viable therapeutic targets in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Ding
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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3
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Mackowiak B, Xu M, Lin Y, Guan Y, Seo W, Ren R, Feng D, Jones JW, Wang H, Gao B. Hepatic CYP2B10 is highly induced by binge ethanol and contributes to acute-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2163-2176. [PMID: 36224745 PMCID: PMC9771974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic-plus-binge model of ethanol consumption, where chronically (8-week) ethanol-fed mice are gavaged a single dose of ethanol (E8G1), is known to induce steatohepatitis in mice. However, how chronically ethanol-fed mice respond to multiple binges of ethanol remains unknown. METHODS We extended the E8G1 model to three gavages of ethanol (E8G3) spaced 24 h apart, sacrificed each group 9 h after the final gavage, analyzed liver injury, and examined gene expression changes using microarray analyses in each group to identify mechanisms contributing to liver responses to binge ethanol. RESULTS Surprisingly, E8G3 treatment induced lower levels of liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared to mice after E8G1 treatment. Microarray analyses identified several pathways that may contribute to the reduced liver injury after E8G3 treatment compared to E8G1 treatment. The gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B10 (Cyp2b10) was one of the top upregulated genes in the E8G1 group and was further upregulated in the E8G3 group, but only moderately induced after chronic ethanol consumption, as confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Genetic disruption of Cyp2b10 worsened liver injury in E8G1 and E8G3 mice with higher blood ethanol levels compared to wild-type control mice, while in vitro experiments revealed that CYP2b10 did not directly promote ethanol metabolism. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant differences in hepatic metabolites from E8G1-treated Cyp2b10 knockout and WT mice, and these metabolic alterations may contribute to the reduced liver injury in Cyp2b10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hepatic Cyp2b10 expression is highly induced after ethanol binge, and such upregulation reduces acute-on-chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via the indirect modification of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ma J, Kumar V, Mahato RI. Nanoparticle Delivery of Novel PDE4B Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091894. [PMID: 36145643 PMCID: PMC9501368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is increasing worldwide while no effective treatment has been approved. The progression of ALD has proven to be related to the upregulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression, and PDE4 inhibitors showed potential to improve ALD. However, the application of PDE4 inhibitors is limited by the gastrointestinal side effects due to PDE4D inhibition. Therefore, we used a novel PDE4B inhibitor KVA-D88 as the therapeutic for ALD treatment. KVA-D88 inhibited inflammatory response, promoted β-oxidation, increased the level of antioxidants in the hepatocytes, and suppressed hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in vitro. To improve the solubility and availability in vivo, KVA-D88 was encapsulated into mPEG-b-P(CB-co-LA) nanoparticles (NPs) by solvent evaporation, with a mean particle size of 135 nm and drug loading of 4.2%. We fed the male C57BL/6 mice with a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% (v/v) ethanol for 6 weeks to induce ALD. Systemic administration of KVA-D88 free drug and KVA-D88-loaded NPs at 5 mg/kg significantly improved the ALD in mice. KVA-D88 significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic injury and inflammation. KVA-D88 also markedly reduced steatosis by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Liver fibrosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-caused cellular damage was observed to be alleviated by KVA-D88. KVA-D88-loaded NPs proved better efficacy than free drug in the animal study. In conclusion, the novel PDE4B inhibitor KVA-D88-loaded NPs have the potential to treat ALD in mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virender Kumar
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (R.I.M.); Tel.: +1-(402)-559-6422 (R.I.M.); Fax: +1-(402)-559-9543 (R.I.M.)
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (R.I.M.); Tel.: +1-(402)-559-6422 (R.I.M.); Fax: +1-(402)-559-9543 (R.I.M.)
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5
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Fang C, Pan J, Qu N, Lei Y, Han J, Zhang J, Han D. The AMPK pathway in fatty liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970292. [PMID: 36203933 PMCID: PMC9531345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are the primary causes for the occurrence and progression of various liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) caused by a high-fat diet and ethanol. AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. Progressive research has clarified that AMPK signal axes are involved in the prevention and reduction of liver injury. Upregulation of AMK can alleviate FLD in mice induced by alcohol or insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and most natural AMPK agonists can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, consequently regulating FLD in mice. In NAFLD and AFLD, increasing the activity of AMPK can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by down-regulating the expression of adipogenesis gene (FAS, SREBP-1c, ACC and HMGCR); Simultaneously, by increasing the expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition genes (CPT1, PGC1, and HSL, ATGL) involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition, the body’s natural lipid balance can be maintained. At present, some AMPK activators are thought to be beneficial during therapeutic treatment. Therefore, activation of AMPK signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for disorders of the liver. We summarized the most recent research on the role of the AMPK pathway in FLD in this review. Simultaneously, we performed a detailed description of each signaling axis of the AMPK pathway, as well as a discussion of its mechanism of action and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jianheng Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Ning Qu
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Han,
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IκBζ regulates the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the attenuation of hepatic steatosis in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11634. [PMID: 35804007 PMCID: PMC9270369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IκBζ is a transcriptional regulator that augments inflammatory responses from the Toll-like receptor or interleukin signaling. These innate immune responses contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the role of IκBζ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains elusive. We investigated whether IκBζ was involved in the progression of NAFLD in mice. We generated hepatocyte-specific IκBζ-deficient mice (Alb-Cre; Nfkbizfl/fl) by crossing Nfkbizfl/fl mice with Alb-Cre transgenic mice. NAFLD was induced by feeding the mice a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD). CDAHFD-induced IκBζ expression in the liver was observed in Nfkbizfl/fl mice, but not in Alb-Cre; Nfkbizfl/fl mice. Contrary to our initial expectation, IκBζ deletion in hepatocytes accelerated the progression of NAFLD after CDAHFD treatment. Although the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins by CDAHFD remained unchanged between Nfkbizfl/fl and Alb-Cre; Nfkbizfl/fl mice, early-stage steatosis of the liver was significantly augmented in Alb-Cre; Nfkbizfl/fl mice. Overexpression of IκBζ in hepatocytes via the adeno-associated virus vector attenuated liver steatosis caused by the CDAHFD in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. This preventive effect of IκBζ overexpression on steatosis was not observed without transcriptional activity. Microarray analysis revealed a correlation between IκBζ expression and the changes of factors related to triglyceride biosynthesis and lipoprotein uptake. Our data suggest that hepatic IκBζ attenuates the progression of NAFLD possibly through the regulation of the factors related to triglyceride metabolism.
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Lu H, Lei X, Winkler R, John S, Kumar D, Li W, Alnouti Y. Crosstalk of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a and glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35614477 PMCID: PMC9134643 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), master regulators of liver metabolism, are down-regulated in fatty liver diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of down-regulation of HNF4α and GR in fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adult mice with liver-specific heterozygote (HET) and knockout (KO) of HNF4α or GR were fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 15 days. Alterations in hepatic and circulating lipids were determined with analytical kits, and changes in hepatic mRNA and protein expression in these mice were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Serum and hepatic levels of bile acids were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The roles of HNF4α and GR in regulating hepatic gene expression were determined using luciferase reporter assays. Results Compared to HFHS-fed wildtype mice, HNF4α HET mice had down-regulation of lipid catabolic genes, induction of lipogenic genes, and increased hepatic and blood levels of lipids, whereas HNF4α KO mice had fatty liver but mild hypolipidemia, down-regulation of lipid-efflux genes, and induction of genes for uptake, synthesis, and storage of lipids. Serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid tended to be decreased in the HNF4α HET mice but dramatically increased in the HNF4α KO mice, which was associated with marked down-regulation of cytochrome P450 7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. Hepatic mRNA and protein expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a master lipogenic regulator, was induced in HFHS-fed HNF4α HET mice. In reporter assays, HNF4α cooperated with the corepressor small heterodimer partner to potently inhibit the transactivation of mouse and human SREBP-1C promoter by liver X receptor. Hepatic nuclear GR proteins tended to be decreased in the HNF4α KO mice. HFHS-fed mice with liver-specific KO of GR had increased hepatic lipids and induction of SREBP-1C and PPARγ, which was associated with a marked decrease in hepatic levels of HNF4α proteins in these mice. In reporter assays, GR and HNF4α synergistically/additively induced lipid catabolic genes. Conclusions induction of lipid catabolic genes and suppression of lipogenic genes by HNF4α and GR may mediate the early resistance to HFHS-induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rebecca Winkler
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Savio John
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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8
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Iturrospe E, da Silva KM, Robeyns R, van de Lavoir M, Boeckmans J, Vanhaecke T, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A. Metabolic Signature of Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepaRG Cells by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1153-1166. [PMID: 35274962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is highly prevalent but poorly identified and characterized, leading to knowledge gaps, which impairs early diagnosis. Excessive alcohol consumption is known to alter lipid metabolism, followed by progressive intracellular lipid accumulation, resulting in alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, HepaRG cells were exposed to ethanol at IC10 and 1/10 IC10 for 24 and 48 h. Metabolic alterations were investigated intra- and extracellularly with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Ion mobility was added as an extra separation dimension for untargeted lipidomics to improve annotation confidence. Distinctive patterns between exposed and control cells were consistently observed, with intracellular upregulation of di- and triglycerides, downregulation of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and S-adenosylmethionine, among others. Several intracellular metabolic patterns could be related to changes in the extracellular environment, such as increased intracellular hydrolysis of sphingomyelins, leading to increased phosphorylcholine secretion. Carnitines showed alterations depending on the size of their carbon chain, which highlights the interplay between β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Potential new biomarkers of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity have been observed, such as ceramides with a sphingadienine backbone, octanoylcarnitine, creatine, acetylcholine, and ethoxylated phosphorylcholine. The combination of the metabolic fingerprint and footprint enabled a comprehensive investigation of the pathophysiology behind ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Iturrospe
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Rani Robeyns
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria van de Lavoir
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Sangineto M, Grander C, Grabherr F, Mayr L, Enrich B, Schwärzler J, Dallio M, Bukke VN, Moola A, Moschetta A, Adolph TE, Sabbà C, Serviddio G, Tilg H. Recovery of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ameliorates hepatic steatosis in experimental alcohol-related liver disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2089006. [PMID: 35786161 PMCID: PMC9255095 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2089006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver disease and represents a global burden, as treatment options are scarce. Whereas 90% of ethanol abusers develop alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), only a minority evolves to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Alcohol increases lipogenesis and suppresses lipid-oxidation implying steatosis, although the key role of intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota in ALD has recently emerged. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a prominent member of human and murine intestinal microbiota, and plays important functions in metabolism, gut immunity, and mucosal barrier. We aimed to investigate the role of Bt in the genesis of ethanol-induced liver steatosis. Bt DNA was measured in feces of wild-type mice receiving a Lieber-DeCarli diet supplemented with an increase in alcohol concentration. In a second step, ethanol-fed mice were orally treated with living Bt, followed by analysis of intestinal homeostasis and histological and biochemical alterations in the liver. Alcohol feeding reduced Bt abundance, which was preserved by Bt oral supplementation. Bt-treated mice displayed lower hepatic steatosis and triglyceride content. Bt restored mucosal barrier and reduced LPS translocation by enhancing mucus thickness and production of Mucin2. Furthermore, Bt up-regulated Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression and restored ethanol-induced Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) down-regulation. Lipid metabolism was consequently affected as Bt administration reduced fatty acid synthesis (FA) and improved FA oxidation and lipid exportation. Moreover, treatment with Bt preserved the mitochondrial fitness and redox state in alcohol-fed mice. In conclusion, recovery of ethanol-induced Bt depletion by oral supplementation was associated with restored intestinal homeostasis and ameliorated experimental ALD. Bt could serve as a novel probiotic to treat ALD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Timon E. Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shuai C, Xia GQ, Yuan F, Wang S, Lv XW. CD39-mediated ATP-adenosine signalling promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and alcoholic liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174198. [PMID: 34033815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD39 is associated with diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown. In this study, an alcoholic liver disease model in vivo was induced by ethanol plus carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) administered to C57BL/6 mice, who were the intraperitoneally injected with the CD39 inhibitor sodium polyoxotungstate (POM1) or colchicine from the 5th week to the 8th week. Meanwhile, hepatic stellate cells were stimulated by acetaldehyde to replicate alcoholic liver fibrosis models in vitro. Exogenous ATP and POM1 were added in turn to the culture system. Pharmacological blockade of CD39 largely prevents liver damage and collagen deposition. We found that blockade or silencing of CD39 prevented acetaldehyde-induced proliferation of HSC-T6 cells and the expression of fibrogenic factors. Moreover, blockade or silencing of CD39 could block the activation of the adenosine A2A and adenosine A2B receptors and the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, which are essential events in HSC activation. Thus, blockade of CD39 to inhibit the transduction of ATP to adenosine may prevent HSC activation, alleviating alcoholic hepatic fibrosis. The findings from this study suggest ATP-adenosine signalling is a novel therapeutic and preventive target for alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shuai
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Guo-Qing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China.
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11
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Donepudi AC, Smith GJ, Aladelokun O, Lee Y, Toro SJ, Pfohl M, Slitt AL, Wang L, Lee JY, Schuetz JD, Manautou JE. Lack of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 4 Prolongs Partial Hepatectomy-induced Hepatic Steatosis. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:301-311. [PMID: 32142150 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4) is an efflux transporter involved in the active transport of several endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Previously, we have shown that hepatic Mrp4 expression increases following acetaminophen overdose. In mice, these increases in Mrp4 expression are observed specifically in hepatocytes undergoing active proliferation. From this, we hypothesized that Mrp4 plays a key role in hepatocyte proliferation and that lack of Mrp4 impedes liver regeneration following liver injury and/or tissue loss. To evaluate the role of Mrp4 in these processes, we employed two-third partial hepatectomy (PH) as an experimental liver regeneration model. In this study, we performed PH-surgery on male wildtype (C57BL/6J) and Mrp4 knockout mice. Plasma and liver tissues were collected at 24, 48, and 72 h postsurgery and evaluated for liver injury and liver regeneration endpoints, and for PH-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Our results show that lack of Mrp4 did not alter hepatocyte proliferation and liver injury following PH as evaluated by Ki-67 antigen staining and plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. To our surprise, Mrp4 knockout mice exhibited increased hepatic lipid content, in particular, di- and triglyceride levels. Gene expression analysis showed that lack of Mrp4 upregulated hepatic lipin1 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 2 gene expression, which are involved in the synthesis of di- and triglycerides. Our observations indicate that lack of Mrp4 prolonged PH-induced hepatic steatosis in mice and suggest that Mrp4 may be a novel genetic factor in the development of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06226
| | | | - Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06226
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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12
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Sheriff L, Khan RS, Saborano R, Wilkin R, Luu NT, Gunther UL, Hubscher SG, Newsome PN, Lalor PF. Alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disturbance in female mice: a more tractable model than Nrf2-/- animals. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046383. [PMID: 33067186 PMCID: PMC7790192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the dramatic acute presentation of alcoholic liver disease, with a 15% mortality rate within 28 days in severe cases. Research into AH has been hampered by the lack of effective and reproducible murine models that can be operated under different regulatory frameworks internationally. The liquid Lieber-deCarli (LdC) diet has been used as a means of ad libitum delivery of alcohol but without any additional insult, and is associated with relatively mild liver injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects against oxidative stress, and mice deficient in this molecule are suggested to be more sensitive to alcohol-induced injury. We have established a novel model of AH in mice and compared the nature of liver injury in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) versus Nrf2-/- mice. Our data showed that both WT and Nrf2-/- mice demonstrate robust weight loss, and an increase in serum transaminase, steatosis and hepatic inflammation when exposed to diet and ethanol. This is accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood and hepatic myeloid cell populations, fibrogenic response and compensatory hepatocyte regeneration. We also noted characteristic disturbances in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Importantly, use of Nrf2-/- mice did not increase hepatic injury responses in our hands, and female WT mice exhibited a more-reproducible response. Thus, we have demonstrated that this simple murine model of AH can be used to induce an injury that recreates many of the key human features of AH - without the need for challenging surgical procedures to administer ethanol. This will be valuable for understanding of the pathogenesis of AH, for testing new therapeutic treatments or devising metabolic approaches to manage patients whilst in medical care.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Reenam S Khan
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Raquel Saborano
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Wilkin
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulrich L Gunther
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan G Hubscher
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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13
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Ren R, Wang Z, Wu M, Wang H. Emerging Roles of SIRT1 in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3174-3183. [PMID: 33162823 PMCID: PMC7645991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease worldwide with a wide spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been demonstrated that ALD is mediated in whole or in part by a central signaling molecule sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a conserved class III histone deacetylase.SIRT1 plays beneficial roles in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, inhibiting hepatic inflammation, controlling hepatic fibrosis and mediating hepatocellular carcinoma in ALD. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review was to highlight the latest advances in understanding of SIRT1 regulatory mechanisms in ALD and discuss their unique potential role as novel therapeutic target for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ren
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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14
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Lutkewitte AJ, Finck BN. Regulation of Signaling and Metabolism by Lipin-mediated Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1386. [PMID: 33003344 PMCID: PMC7600782 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a glycerophospholipid intermediate in the triglyceride synthesis pathway that has incredibly important structural functions as a component of cell membranes and dynamic effects on intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways. Although there are many pathways to synthesize and degrade PA, a family of PA phosphohydrolases (lipin family proteins) that generate diacylglycerol constitute the primary pathway for PA incorporation into triglycerides. Previously, it was believed that the pool of PA used to synthesize triglyceride was distinct, compartmentalized, and did not widely intersect with signaling pathways. However, we now know that modulating the activity of lipin 1 has profound effects on signaling in a variety of cell types. Indeed, in most tissues except adipose tissue, lipin-mediated PA phosphohydrolase activity is far from limiting for normal rates of triglyceride synthesis, but rather impacts critical signaling cascades that control cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss how lipin-mediated control of PA concentrations regulates metabolism and signaling in mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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15
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Chae M, Son ED, Bae IH, Cho EG, Kim HJ, Jung JY. UVB-dependent inhibition of lipin-1 protects against proinflammatory responses in human keratinocytes. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:293-307. [PMID: 32080341 PMCID: PMC7062881 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is an Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP1) that catalyzes a critical step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and is also a cotranscriptional regulator. The role of lipin-1 in the regulation of inflammatory responses has been extensively studied in various cell types but not in skin cells. In the present study, the function of lipin-1 in UVB-induced proinflammatory responses was assessed in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). UVB radiation downregulated lipin-1 expression. Lipin-1 inhibition was mediated by UVB-dependent sterol-response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) inhibition. The UVB-dependent inhibition of lipin-1 and SREBP-1 was mediated by AMPK activation. UVB-induced activation of JNK was dependent on AMPK activation and mediated lipin-1 inhibition. Prevention of UVB-mediated lipin-1 repression by introducing a lipin-1 expression vector stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production, suggesting that lipin-1 inhibition attenuates UVB-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production. The downregulation of lipin-1 ameliorated UVB-induced NF-ĸB phosphorylation, which might be attributed to the suppression of UVB-induced accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs). Pharmacological inhibition of PAP1 with propranolol suppressed UVB-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in NHEKs and reconstituted human skin models. Taken together, lipin-1 is downregulated by exposure to UVB radiation, which confers protection against UVB-induced proinflammatory responses; therefore, the inhibition of lipin-1 is a potential strategy for photoaging. Reduced production and activity of an enzyme in skin cells helps protect them from damage caused by exposure to ultra-violet light. Minjung Chae and colleagues at the Amorepacific Corporation in Yongin, South Korea, identified an anti-inflammatory effect caused by the reduction in expression of the enzyme lipin-1 when skin cells are exposed to UVB radiation. These ultra-violet rays are associated with aging and increased risk of skin cancer. Lipin-1 is involved in making glycerophospholipid molecules, which are key components of the membranes surrounding and inside cells. Identifying the enzyme’s significance for inflammation in skin cells extends previous similar findings with other cell types. The research also uncovered aspects of the molecular mechanisms mediating the skin cell response. Inhibiting lipin-1 activity might reduce the damage sunlight causes to skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Chae
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Eui Dong Son
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Il-Hong Bae
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Jung
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Bioscience Laboratory, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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16
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Jeon S, Carr R. Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:470-479. [PMID: 32029510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r119000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Zhou Z, Ye TJ, DeCaro E, Buehler B, Stahl Z, Bonavita G, Daniels M, You M. Intestinal SIRT1 Deficiency Protects Mice from Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Ferroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:82-92. [PMID: 31610175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant liver sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the role of intestinal SIRT1 in ALD is presently unknown. This study investigated the involvement of intestine-specific SIRT1 in ethanol-induced liver dysfunction in mice. Ethanol feeding studies were performed on knockout mice with intestinal-specific SIRT1 deletion [SIRT1i knockout (KO)] and flox control [wild-type (WT)] mice with a chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding protocol. After ethanol administration, hepatic inflammation and liver injury were substantially attenuated in the SIRT1iKO mice compared with the WT mice, suggesting that intestinal SIRT1 played a detrimental role in the ethanol-induced liver injury. Mechanistically, the hepatic protective effect of intestinal SIRT1 deficiency was attributable to ameliorated dysfunctional iron metabolism, increased hepatic glutathione contents, and attenuated lipid peroxidation, along with inhibition of a panel of genes implicated in the ferroptosis process in the livers of ethanol-fed mice. This study demonstrates that ablation of intestinal SIRT1 protected mice from the ethanol-induced inflammation and liver damage. The protective effects of intestinal SIRT1 deficiency are mediated, at least partially, by mitigating hepatic ferroptosis. Targeting intestinal SIRT1 or dampening hepatic ferroptosis signaling may have therapeutic potential for ALD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ting Jie Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Elizabeth DeCaro
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Brian Buehler
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Zachary Stahl
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Gregory Bonavita
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Michael Daniels
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Min You
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
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18
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Balboa MA, de Pablo N, Meana C, Balsinde J. The role of lipins in innate immunity and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1328-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Chen X, Bian M, Jin H, Lian N, Shao J, Zhang F, Zheng S. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates alcoholic fatty liver through regulation of lipin-1 signaling. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1740-1750. [PMID: 31265202 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is generated from excessive alcohol consumption, characterized by hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, excessive hepatic lipid accumulation was attributed to the aberrant lipin-1 signaling during the development of alcoholic steatosis in rodent species and human. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been recently identified to relieve hepatocytes necrosis and prevent from hepatic steatosis in alcohol-induced liver diseases; however, the role of DHA in ALD has not been elucidated completely. Therefore, this study was aimed to further identify the potential mechanisms of pharmacological effects of DHA on ALD. Results demonstrated that DHA regulated the expression and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of lipin-1 in mice with chronic ethanol exposure. Results confirmed that the disruption of lipin-1 signaling abolished the suppression of DHA on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Interestingly, DHA also significantly improved liver injury, and inflammation mediated by lipin-1 signaling in chronic alcohol-fed mice. in vivo experiments further consolidated the concept that DHA protected against hepatocyte lipoapoptosis dependent on the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of lipin-1 signaling, resulting in attenuated ratio of Lpin1 β/α. Obvious increases in cell apoptosis were observed in alcohol-treated lipin1β-overexpressed mice. Although DHA attenuated cell apoptosis, overexpression of lipin-1β neutralized DHA action. DHA ameliorated activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting activation of JNK and CHOP, which was abrogated by overexpression of lipin-1β. In summary, DHA significantly improved liver injury, steatosis and hepatocyte lipoapoptosis in chronic alcohol-fed mice via regulation of lipin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Yan S, Zhou J, Chen X, Dong Z, Yin XM. Diverse Consequences in Liver Injury in Mice with Different Autophagy Functional Status Treated with Alcohol. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1744-1762. [PMID: 31199920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease is often complicated by other pathologic insults, such as viral infection or high-fat diet. Autophagy plays a homeostatic role in the liver but can be compromised by alcohol, high-fat diet, or viral infection, which in turn affects the disease process caused by these etiologies. To understand the full impact of autophagy modulation on alcohol-induced liver injury, several genetic models of autophagy deficiency, which have different levels of functional alterations, were examined after acute binge or chronic-plus-binge treatment. Mice given alcohol with either mode and induced with deficiency in liver-specific Atg7 shortly after the induction of Atg7 deletion had elevated liver injury, indicating the protective role of autophagy. Constitutive hepatic Atg7-deficient mice, in which Atg7 was deleted in embryos, were more susceptible with chronic-plus-binge but not with acute alcohol treatment. Constitutive hepatic Atg5-deficient mice, in which Atg5 was deleted in embryos, were more susceptible with acute alcohol treatment, but liver injury was unexpectedly improved with the chronic-plus-binge regimen. A prolonged autophagy deficiency may complicate the hepatic response to alcohol treatment, likely in part due to endogenous liver injury. The complexity of the relationship between autophagy deficiency and alcohol-induced liver injury can thus be affected by the timing of autophagy dysfunction, the exact autophagy gene being affected, and the alcohol treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Zhou Z, Ye TJ, Bonavita G, Daniels M, Kainrad N, Jogasuria A, You M. Adipose-Specific Lipin-1 Overexpression Renders Hepatic Ferroptosis and Exacerbates Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:656-669. [PMID: 31061954 PMCID: PMC6492478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase involved in the generation of diacylglycerol during synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides. Ethanol-mediated inhibitory effects on adipose-specific lipin-1 expression were associated with experimental steatohepatitis in rodents. In the present study, using an adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression transgenic (Lpin1-Tg) mouse model, we tested a hypothesis that adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression in mice might dampen ethanol-induced liver damage. Experimental alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced by pair-feeding ethanol to Lpin1-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice using the chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding protocol. Unexpectedly, following the chronic-plus-binge ethanol challenge, Lpin1-Tg mice exhibited much more pronounced steatosis, exacerbated inflammation, augmented elevation of serum liver enzymes, hepatobiliary damage, and fibrogenic responses compared with the WT mice. Mechanistically, overexpression of adipose lipin-1 in mice facilitated the onset of hepatic ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent form of cell death, and subsequently induced ferroptotic liver damage in mice under ethanol exposure. Concurrently, adipose lipin-1 overexpression induced defective adiponectin signaling pathways in ethanol-fed mice. Conclusion: We identified ferroptosis as a mechanism in mediating the detrimental effects of adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression in mice under chronic-plus-binge ethanol exposure. Our present study sheds light on potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of human alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Ting Jie Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH.,Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gregory Bonavita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Noah Kainrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
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22
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You M, Jogasuria A, Lee K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lee YK, Sadana P. Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Emer ging Role of Lipin-1. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:226-236. [PMID: 26278388 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipin-1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), is a bi-functional molecule involved in various signaling pathways via its function as a PAP enzyme in the triglyceride synthesis pathway and in the nucleus as a transcriptional co-regulator. In the liver, lipin-1 is known to play a vital role in controlling the lipid metabolism and inflammation process at multiple regulatory levels. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is one of the earliest forms of liver injury and approximately 8-20% of patients with simple steatosis can develop into more severe forms of liver injury, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis/ cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The signal transduction mechanisms for alcohol-induced detrimental effects in liver involves alteration of complex and multiple signaling pathways largely governed by a central and upstream signaling system, namely, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-AMP activated kinase (AMPK) axis. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of lipin-1 as a crucial downstream regulator of SIRT1-AMPK signaling system that is likely to be ultimately responsible for development and progression of AFLD. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that ethanol exposure significantly induces lipin-1 gene and protein expression levels in cultured hepatocytes and in the livers of rodents, induces lipin-1-PAP activity, impairs the functional activity of nuclear lipin-1, disrupts lipin-1 mRNA alternative splicing and induces lipin-1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Such impairment in response to ethanol leads to derangement of hepatic lipid metabolism, and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the livers of the rodents and human alcoholics. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of lipin-1 in the pathogenesis of AFLD and its potential signal transduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
| | | | | | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 0
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
| | - Yoon Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
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23
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Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is a series of complex processes that control influx and efflux of not only hepatic lipid pools, but also organismal pools. Lipid homeostasis is usually tightly controlled by expression, substrate supply, oxidation and secretion that keep hepatic lipid pools relatively constant. However, perturbations of any of these processes can lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Although it is thought that these responses are hepatic arms of the 'thrifty genome', they are maladaptive in the context of chronic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol is likely unique among toxins, in that it perturbs almost all aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism. This complex response is due in part to the large metabolic demand placed on the organ by alcohol metabolism, but also appears to involve more nuanced changes in expression and substrate supply. The net effect is that steatosis is a rapid response to alcohol abuse. Although transient steatosis is largely an inert pathology, the chronicity of alcohol-related liver disease seems to require steatosis. Better and more specific understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol causes steatosis may therefore translate into targeted therapies to treat alcohol-related liver disease and/or prevent its progression.
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Hennessy M, Granade ME, Hassaninasab A, Wang D, Kwiatek JM, Han GS, Harris TE, Carman GM. Casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of lipin 1β phosphatidate phosphatase at Ser-285 and Ser-287 regulates its interaction with 14-3-3β protein. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2365-2374. [PMID: 30617183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian lipin 1 phosphatidate phosphatase is a key regulatory enzyme in lipid metabolism. By catalyzing phosphatidate dephosphorylation, which produces diacylglycerol, the enzyme plays a major role in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and membrane phospholipids. The importance of lipin 1 to lipid metabolism is exemplified by cellular defects and lipid-based diseases associated with its loss or overexpression. Phosphorylation of lipin 1 governs whether it is associated with the cytoplasm apart from its substrate or with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane where its enzyme reaction occurs. Lipin 1β is phosphorylated on multiple sites, but less than 10% of them are ascribed to a specific protein kinase. Here, we demonstrate that lipin 1β is a bona fide substrate for casein kinase II (CKII), a protein kinase that is essential to viability and cell cycle progression. Phosphoamino acid analysis and phosphopeptide mapping revealed that lipin 1β is phosphorylated by CKII on multiple serine and threonine residues, with the former being major sites. Mutational analysis of lipin 1β and its peptides indicated that Ser-285 and Ser-287 are both phosphorylated by CKII. Substitutions of Ser-285 and Ser-287 with nonphosphorylatable alanine attenuated the interaction of lipin 1β with 14-3-3β protein, a regulatory hub that facilitates the cytoplasmic localization of phosphorylated lipin 1. These findings advance our understanding of how phosphorylation of lipin 1β phosphatidate phosphatase regulates its interaction with 14-3-3β protein and intracellular localization and uncover a mechanism by which CKII regulates cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Hennessy
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Mitchell E Granade
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Azam Hassaninasab
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Dana Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Joanna M Kwiatek
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Thurl E Harris
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
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25
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Jama A, Huang D, Alshudukhi AA, Chrast R, Ren H. Lipin1 is required for skeletal muscle development by regulating MEF2c and MyoD expression. J Physiol 2018; 597:889-901. [PMID: 30511745 DOI: 10.1113/jp276919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Lipin1 is critical for skeletal muscle development. Lipin1 regulates MyoD and myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2c) expression via the protein kinase C (PKC)/histone deacetylase 5-mediated pathway. Inhibition of PKCμ activity suppresses myoblast differentiation by inhibiting MyoD and MEF2c expression. ABSTRACT Our previous characterization of global lipin1-deficient (fld) mice demonstrated that lipin1 played a novel role in skeletal muscle (SM) regeneration. The present study using cell type-specific Myf5-cre;Lipin1fl/fl conditional knockout mice (Lipin1Myf5cKO ) shows that lipin1 is a major determinant of SM development. Lipin1 deficiency induced reduced muscle mass and myopathy. Our results from lipin1-deficient myoblasts suggested that lipin1 regulates myoblast differentiation via the protein kinase Cμ (PKCμ)/histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5)/myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2c):MyoD-mediated pathway. Lipin1 deficiency leads to the suppression of PKC isoform activities, as well as inhibition of the downstream target of PKCμ, class II deacetylase HDAC5 nuclear export, and, consequently, inhibition of MEF2c and MyoD expression in the SM of lipin1Myf5cKO mice. Restoration of diacylglycerol-mediated signalling in lipin1 deficient myoblasts by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate transiently activated PKC and HDAC5, and upregulated MEF2c expression. Our findings provide insights into the signalling circuitry that regulates SM development, and have important implications for developing intervention aimed at treating muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Jama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Dengtong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Abdullah A Alshudukhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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HIF-1-dependent lipin1 induction prevents excessive lipid accumulation in choline-deficient diet-induced fatty liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14230. [PMID: 30242180 PMCID: PMC6155071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive responses to hypoxia regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, but their consequences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown. Here, we show that hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key determinant of hypoxic adaptations, prevents excessive hepatic lipid accumulation in the progression of NAFLD. When exposed to a choline-deficient diet (CDD) for 4 weeks, the loss of hepatic Hif-1α gene accelerated liver steatosis with enhanced triglyceride accumulation in the liver compared to wild-type (WT) livers. Expression of genes involved in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation was suppressed significantly in CDD-treated WT livers, whereas this reduction was further enhanced in Hif-1α-deficient livers. A lack of induction and nuclear accumulation of lipin1, a key regulator of the PPARα/PGC-1α pathway, could be attributed to impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation in Hif-1α-deficient livers. The lipin1-mediated binding of PPARα to the acyl CoA oxidase promoter was markedly reduced in Hif-1α-deficient mice exposed to a CDD. Moreover, forced Lipin1 expression restored the aberrant lipid accumulation caused by Hif-1α deletion in cells incubated in a choline-deficient medium. These results strongly suggest that HIF-1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of peroxisomal lipid metabolism by activating the expression and nuclear accumulation of lipin1 in NAFLD.
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27
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Mingorance L, Castro V, Ávila-Pérez G, Calvo G, Rodriguez MJ, Carrascosa JL, Pérez-del-Pulgar S, Forns X, Gastaminza P. Host phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin1 is rate limiting for functional hepatitis C virus replicase complex formation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007284. [PMID: 30226904 PMCID: PMC6161900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection constitutes a significant health burden worldwide, because it is a major etiologic agent of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV replication cycle is closely tied to lipid metabolism and infection by this virus causes profound changes in host lipid homeostasis. We focused our attention on a phosphatidate phosphate (PAP) enzyme family (the lipin family), which mediate the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol in the cytoplasm, playing a key role in triglyceride biosynthesis and in phospholipid homeostasis. Lipins may also translocate to the nucleus to act as transcriptional regulators of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The best-characterized member of this family is lipin1, which cooperates with lipin2 to maintain glycerophospholipid homeostasis in the liver. Lipin1-deficient cell lines were generated by RNAi to study the role of this protein in different steps of HCV replication cycle. Using surrogate models that recapitulate different aspects of HCV infection, we concluded that lipin1 is rate limiting for the generation of functional replicase complexes, in a step downstream primary translation that leads to early HCV RNA replication. Infection studies in lipin1-deficient cells overexpressing wild type or phosphatase-defective lipin1 proteins suggest that lipin1 phosphatase activity is required to support HCV infection. Finally, ultrastructural and biochemical analyses in replication-independent models suggest that lipin1 may facilitate the generation of the membranous compartment that contains functional HCV replicase complexes. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important biomedical problem worldwide because it causes severe liver disease and cancer. Although immunological events are major players in HCV pathogenesis, interference with host cell metabolism contribute to HCV-associated pathologies. HCV utilizes resources of the cellular lipid metabolism to strongly modify subcellular compartments, using them as platforms for replication and infectious particle assembly. In particular, HCV induces the formation of a “membranous web” that hosts the viral machinery dedicated to the production of new copies of the viral genome. This lipid-rich structure provides an optimized platform for viral genome replication and hides new viral genomes from host´s antiviral surveillance. In this study, we have identified a cellular protein, lipin1, involved in the production of a subset of cellular lipids, as a rate-limiting factor for HCV infection. Our results indicate that the enzymatic activity of lipin1 is required to build the membranous compartment dedicated to viral genome replication. Lipin1 is probably contributing to the formation of the viral replication machinery by locally providing certain lipids required for an optimal membranous environment. Based on these results, interfering with lipin1 capacity to modify lipids may therefore constitute a potential strategy to limit HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mingorance
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Victoria Castro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Ginés Ávila-Pérez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Gema Calvo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - María Josefa Rodriguez
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - José L. Carrascosa
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Sofía Pérez-del-Pulgar
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain)
- * E-mail:
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28
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Wang J, Kainrad N, Shen H, Zhou Z, Rote P, Zhang Y, Nagy LE, Wu J, You M. Hepatic Knockdown of Splicing Regulator Slu7 Ameliorates Inflammation and Attenuates Liver Injury in Ethanol-Fed Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1807-1819. [PMID: 29870742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant precursor mRNA splicing plays a pivotal role in liver diseases. However, roles of splicing regulators in alcoholic liver disease are unknown. Herein, we investigated a splicing regulator, Slu7, in the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Adenovirus-mediated alteration of hepatic Slu7 expression in mice pair fed either with or without (as control) ethanol in their diet was used. Knockdown of hepatic Slu7 by adenovirus-Slu7shRNA treatment ameliorated inflammation and attenuated liver injury in mice after ethanol administration. Mechanistically, reducing liver Slu7 expression increased the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) full-length and repressed the splicing of SIRT1 into SIRT1-ΔExon8 isoform in ethanol-fed mice. Knockdown of hepatic Slu7 in the ethanol-fed mice also ameliorated splicing of lipin-1 and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (Srsf3). In concordance with ameliorated splicing of SIRT1, lipin-1, and Srsf3, knockdown of hepatic Slu7 inhibited the activity of NF-κB, normalized iron and zinc homeostasis, reduced oxidative stress, and attenuated liver damage in ethanol-fed mice. In addition, hepatic Slu7 was significantly elevated in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis. Our present study illustrates a novel role of Slu7 in alcoholic liver injury and suggests that dysregulated Slu7 may contribute to the pathogenesis of human alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Department of Anatomy, School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Noah Kainrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Department of Liver Diseases, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhuhai, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Paula Rote
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
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29
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You M, Zhou Z, Daniels M, Jogasuria A. Endocrine Adiponectin-FGF15/19 Axis in Ethanol-Induced Inflammation and Alcoholic Liver Injury. Gene Expr 2018; 18:103-113. [PMID: 29096734 PMCID: PMC5953845 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x15093738210295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease, encompassing a spectrum of progressive pathological changes from steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic steatosis/steatohepatitis is the initial stage of ALD and a major risk factor for advanced liver injuries. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 (human homolog, FGF19) is an ileum-derived hormone. Adipocyte-derived adiponectin and gut-derived FGF15/19 regulate each other, share common signaling cascades, and exert similar beneficial functions. Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulated adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis and impaired hepatic adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling are associated with alcoholic liver damage in rodents and humans. More importantly, endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling confers protection against ethanol-induced liver damage via fine tuning the adipose-intestine-liver crosstalk, leading to limited hepatic inflammatory responses, and ameliorated alcoholic liver injury. This review is focused on the recently discovered endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis that is emerging as an essential adipose-gut-liver coordinator involved in the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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30
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Lutkewitte AJ, Schweitzer GG, Kennon-McGill S, Clemens MM, James LP, Jaeschke H, Finck BN, McGill MR. Lipin deactivation after acetaminophen overdose causes phosphatidic acid accumulation in liver and plasma in mice and humans and enhances liver regeneration. Food Chem Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29534981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lutkewitte
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - George G Schweitzer
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stefanie Kennon-McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Melissa M Clemens
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laura P James
- Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Brian N Finck
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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31
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Gao B, Zakhari S. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. ZAKIM AND BOYER'S HEPATOLOGY 2018:334-344.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-37591-7.00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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32
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Gao B, Xu MJ, Bertola A, Wang H, Zhou Z, Liangpunsakul S. Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance. Gene Expr 2017; 17:173-186. [PMID: 28411363 PMCID: PMC5500917 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x695519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a leading cause of chronic liver injury worldwide, comprises a range of disorders including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the last five decades, many animal models for the study of ALD pathogenesis have been developed. Recently, a chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding model was reported. This model induces significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. A clinically relevant model of high-fat diet feeding plus binge ethanol was also developed, which highlights the risk of excessive binge drinking in obese/overweight individuals. All of these models recapitulate some features of the different stages of ALD and have been widely used by many investigators to study the pathogenesis of ALD and to test for therapeutic drugs/components. However, these models are somewhat variable, depending on mouse genetic background, ethanol dose, and animal facility environment. This review focuses on these models and discusses these variations and some methods to improve the feeding protocol. The pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and translational studies of these models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adeline Bertola
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- †Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Hua Wang
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ‡Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- §Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ¶Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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How lipid droplets "TAG" along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [PMID: 28642195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. In most tissues, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway enzymes are responsible for TAG synthesis, and the regulation and function of these enzymes is therefore important for metabolic homeostasis. Here we review the sites and regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme action. We highlight the critical roles that these enzymes play in human health by reviewing Mendelian disorders that result from mutation in the corresponding genes. We also summarize the valuable insights that genetically engineered mouse models have provided into the cellular and physiological roles of GPATs, AGPATs, lipins and DGATs. Finally, we comment on the status and feasibility of therapeutic approaches to metabolic disease that target enzymes of the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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Li Y, Zhou J. Roles of silent information regulator 1-serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10-lipin 1 axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol fatty liver disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1117-1125. [PMID: 28467182 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217707729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure is a major reason of morbidity and mortality all over the world, with much of detrimental consequences attributing to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). With the continued ethanol consumption, alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD, the earliest and reversible form of ALD) can further develop to more serious forms of alcoholic liver damage, including alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and even eventually progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Furthermore, cell trauma, inflammation, oxidative stress, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are crucial promoters of ethanol-mediated liver lesions. AFLD is characterized by excessive fat deposition in liver induced by excessive drinking, which is related closely to the raised synthesis of fatty acids and triglyceride, reduction of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and the aggregation of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Although little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AFLD, it seems to be correlated to diverse signal channels. Massive studies have suggested that liver steatosis is closely associated with the inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and the augment of lipin1 β/α ratio mediated by ethanol. Recently, serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 (SFRS10), a specific molecule functioning in alternative splicing of lipin 1 (LPIN1) pre-mRNAs, has emerged as the central connection between SIRT1 and lipin1 signaling. It seems a new signaling axis, SIRT1-SFRS10-LPIN1 axis, acting in the pathogenesis of AFLD exists. This article aims to further explore the interactions among the above three molecules and their influences on the development of AFLD. Impact statement ALD is a major health burden in industrialized countries as well as China. AFLD, the earliest and reversible form of ALD, can progress to hepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, even hepatoma. While the mechanisms, by which ethanol consumption leads to AFLD, are complicated and multiple, and remain incompletely understood. SIRT1, SFRS10, and LIPIN1 had been separately reported to participate in lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of AFLD. Noteworthy, we found the connection among them via searching articles in PubMed and we had elaborated the connection in detail in this minireview. It seems a new signaling axis, SIRT1-SFRS10-LIPIN1 axis, acting in the pathogenesis of AFLD exists. Further study aimed at SIRT1-SFRS10-LIPIN1 signaling system will possibly offer a more effective therapeutic target for AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Junying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Kajimoto K, Suemitsu E, Sato Y, Sakurai Y, Harashima H. Liver-Specific Silencing of Lipin1 Reduces Fat Mass as Well as Hepatic Triglyceride Biosynthesis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1653-1661. [PMID: 27725442 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipin1, a bifunctional protein, regulates fatty acid utilization in the triglyceride biosynthesis pathway. In the current study, using a liver-specific in vivo short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system, we examined the pathological and physiological roles of hepatic Lipin1 in the development of insulin resistance and the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis. Liver-specific silencing of Lipin1 expression was achieved by the systemic administration of siRNA against Lpin1 mRNA (siLpin1)-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to wild type mice at 3-4 d intervals for 25 d. The siLpin1-treated mice showed normal blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, however, triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced in liver and peripheral blood of them. The knockdown of hepatic Lipin1 in mice led to marked decrease in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte diameters in epididymal and inguinal fat depots without the undesired silencing of Lipin1 in adipose tissue. In summary, we report for the first time that the down-regulation of hepatic Lipin1 expression leads to less adiposity as well as a decrease in TG level in the liver and blood circulation, without any alterations in the glucose tolerance and blood glucose levels. Our findings may provide new insights into the physiological roles of hepatic Lipin1 in systemic energy homeostasis.
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Myeloid Cell-Specific Lipin-1 Deficiency Stimulates Endocrine Adiponectin-FGF15 Axis and Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34117. [PMID: 27666676 PMCID: PMC5036185 DOI: 10.1038/srep34117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) required for the generation of diacylglycerol during glycerolipid synthesis, and exhibits dual functions in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Lipin-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In the present study, we assessed lipin-1 function in myeloid cells in ALD using a myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 knockout (mLipin-1KO) mouse model. Utilizing the Gao-binge ethanol feeding protocol, matched mLipin-1KO mice and littermate loxP control (WT) mice were pair-fed with either an ethanol-containing diet or an ethanol-free diet (control). Surprisingly, deletion of lipin-1 in myeloid cells dramatically attenuated liver inflammatory responses and ameliorated liver injury that would normally occur following the ethanol feeding protocol, but slightly exacerbated the ethanol-induced steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 deficiency concomitantly increased the fat-derived adiponectin and ileum-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15. In concordance with concerted elevation of circulating adiponectin and FGF15, myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 deficiency diminished hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity, limited liver inflammatory responses, normalized serum levels of bile acids, and protected mice from liver damage after ethanol challenge. Our novel data demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific deletion of lipin-1 ameliorated inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis in mice via activation of endocrine adiponectin-FGF15 signaling.
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Hu X, Jogasuria A, Wang J, Kim C, Han Y, Shen H, Wu J, You M. MitoNEET Deficiency Alleviates Experimental Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice by Stimulating Endocrine Adiponectin-Fgf15 Axis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22482-22495. [PMID: 27573244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MitoNEET (mNT) (CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 or CISD1) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that donates 2Fe-2S clusters to apo-acceptor proteins. In the present study, using a global mNT knock-out (mNTKO) mouse model, we investigated the in vivo functional role of mNT in the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental alcoholic steatohepatitis was achieved by pair feeding wild-type (WT) and mNTKO mice with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol-containing diets for 4 weeks. Strikingly, chronically ethanol-fed mNTKO mice were completely resistant to ethanol-induced steatohepatitis as revealed by dramatically reduced hepatic triglycerides, decreased hepatic cholesterol level, diminished liver inflammatory response, and normalized serum ALT levels. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ethanol administration to mNTKO mice induced two pivotal endocrine hormones, namely, adipose-derived adiponectin and gut-derived fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15). The elevation in circulating levels of adiponectin and Fgf15 led to normalized hepatic and serum levels of bile acids, limited hepatic accumulation of toxic bile, attenuated inflammation, and amelioration of liver injury in the ethanol-fed mNTKO mice. Other potential mechanisms such as reduced oxidative stress, activated Sirt1 signaling, and diminished NF-κB activity also contribute to hepatic improvement in the ethanol-fed mNTKO mice. In conclusion, the present study identified adiponectin and Fgf15 as pivotal adipose-gut-liver metabolic coordinators in mediating the protective action of mNT deficiency against development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Our findings may help to establish mNT as a novel therapeutic target and pharmacological inhibition of mNT may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of human alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272.,the Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, and
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Jiayou Wang
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Chunki Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Yoonhee Han
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Hong Shen
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272.,the Department of Liver Diseases, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519015, China
| | - Jiashin Wu
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Min You
- From the College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272,
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Cai Y, Jogasuria A, Yin H, Xu MJ, Hu X, Wang J, Kim C, Wu J, Lee K, Gao B, You M. The Detrimental Role Played by Lipocalin-2 in Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2417-28. [PMID: 27427417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the ethanol-mediated elevation of lipocaline-2 (LCN2) is closely associated with the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) in mice. Herein, we aimed to understand the functional significance of LCN2 induction by ethanol and to explore its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of LCN2 in an in vitro cellular alcoholic steatosis model and in an animal study using wild-type and LCN2 knockout mice fed for 4 weeks with an ethanol-supplemented Lieber-DeCarli diet. In the cellular model of alcoholic steatosis, recombinant LCN2 or overexpression of LCN2 exacerbated ethanol-induced fat accumulation, whereas knocking down LCN2 prevented steatosis in hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. Consistently, removal of LCN2 partially but significantly alleviated alcoholic fatty liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, LCN2 mediates detrimental effects of ethanol in the liver via disrupted multiple signaling pathways, including aberrant nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-sirtuin 1 axis, perturbed endocrine metabolic regulatory fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling, and impaired chaperone-mediated autophagy. Finally, compared with healthy human livers, liver samples from patients with AFLD had lower gene expression of several LCN2-regualted molecules. Our study demonstrated a pivotal and causal role of LCN2 in the development of AFLD and suggested that targeting the LCN2 could be of great value for the treatment of human AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Huquan Yin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Department of Anatomy, School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunki Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Kwangwon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
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Jang CH, Kim KM, Yang JH, Cho SS, Kim SJ, Shin SM, Cho IJ, Ki SH. The Role of Lipin-1 in the Regulation of Fibrogenesis and TGF-β Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:28-38. [PMID: 27345520 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipogenic transcriptional regulation was reported to inhibit transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which constitute the main fibrogenic cell type in the liver. Lipin-1 exhibits a dual function: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol and a transcriptional regulator. However, the involvement of Lipin-1 in the regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and fibrogenesis in HSCs is not fully understood. Here, we showed that Lipin-1 was downregulated in activated primary HSCs and TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells, immortalized human HSC cell lines. The downregulation of Lipin-1 by TGF-β was not dependent on altered mRNA stability but rather on protein stability. Treatment of LX-2 cells with the proteasome inhibitor led to the accumulation of Lipin-1. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in Lipin-1 polyubiquitination. Overexpression of Lipin-1 attenuated TGF-β-induced fibrogenic gene expression. In addition, Lipin-1 inhibited TGF-β-mediated activation of Sma and Mad-related family (SMAD), a major transcription factor that transduces intracellular signals from TGF-β. Resveratrol, a well-known natural polyphenolic antioxidant, is known to inhibit liver fibrosis, although its mechanism of action remains unknown. Our data showed that resveratrol significantly increased the levels of Lipin-1 protein and mRNA in HSCs. Further investigation revealed that resveratrol blocked the polyubiquitination of Lipin-1. Resveratrol inhibited TGF-β-induced fibrogenic gene expression. TGF-β-induced SMAD binding element-luciferase reporter activity was significantly diminished by resveratrol with a simultaneous decrease in SMAD3 phosphorylation. Consistently, knockdown of the Lipin-1 gene using siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. We conclude that Lipin-1 can antagonize HSC activation through the inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD signaling and that resveratrol may affect Lipin-1 gene induction and contribute to the inhibition of TGF-β-mediated hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Jang
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Seung Jung Kim
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shin
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- *College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
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Cho I, Kim J, Jung J, Sung S, Kim J, Lee N, Ku S. Hepatoprotective effects of hoveniae semen cum fructus extracts in ethanol intoxicated mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:49-64. [PMID: 27298813 PMCID: PMC4899896 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract in ethanol induced hepatic damages. [Methods] Hepatic damages were induced by oral administration of ethanol and then Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract was administered. [Results] Following Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract administration, body and liver weights were increased, while aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride levels in the serum, triglyceride contents, tumor necrosis factor -α level, cytochrome (CY) P450 2E1 activity in the liver and mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, and Nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE-immunolabelled hepatocytes were decreased. However, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased. Also, as a protective mechanism for hepatic antioxidant defense systems, decreased liver MDA contents, increased glutathione contents, increased dismutase and catalase activities were observed when compared to the ethanol control. [Conclusion] Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract favorably protected against liver damages, mediated by its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-steatosis properties through the augmentation of the hepatic antioxidant defense system by NF-E2-related factor-2 activation, and down-regulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes or up-regulation of the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jaijun Jung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Sung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Saekwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
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Nagy LE, Ding WX, Cresci G, Saikia P, Shah VH. Linking Pathogenic Mechanisms of Alcoholic Liver Disease With Clinical Phenotypes. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1756-68. [PMID: 26919968 PMCID: PMC4887335 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) develops in approximately 20% of alcoholic patients, with a higher prevalence in females. ALD progression is marked by fatty liver and hepatocyte necrosis, as well as apoptosis, inflammation, regenerating nodules, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.(1) ALD develops via a complex process involving parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, as well as recruitment of other cell types to the liver in response to damage and inflammation. Hepatocytes are damaged by ethanol, via generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hepatocyte cell death via apoptosis and necrosis are markers of ethanol-induced liver injury. We review the mechanisms by which alcohol injures hepatocytes and the response of hepatic sinusoidal cells to alcohol-induced injury. We also discuss how recent insights into the pathogenesis of ALD will affect the treatment and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Gail Cresci
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Wilkin RJW, Lalor PF, Parker R, Newsome PN. Murine Models of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis and Their Relevance to Human Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:748-60. [PMID: 26835538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver damage is a major burden for most societies, and murine studies can provide a means to better understand its pathogenesis and test new therapies. However, there are many models reported with widely differing phenotypes, not all of which fully regenerate the spectrum of human disease. Thus, it is important to understand the implications of these variations to efficiently model human disease. This review critically appraises key articles in the field, detailing the spectrum of liver damage seen in different models, and how they relate to the phenotype of disease seen in patients. A range of different methods of alcohol administration have been studied, ranging from ad libitum consumption of alcohol and water to modified diets (eg, Lieber deCarli liquid diet). Other feeding regimens have taken more invasive routes using intragastric feeding tubes to infuse alcohol directly into the stomach. Notably, models using wild-type mice generally produce a milder phenotype of liver damage than those using genetically modified mice, with the exception of the chronic binge-feeding model. We recommend panels of tests for consideration to standardize end points for the evaluation of the severity of liver damage-key for comparison of models of injury, testing of new therapies, and subsequent translation of findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J W Wilkin
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Parker
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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CYP2E1- and TNFalpha/LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Alcoholic Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Does Diacylglycerol Accumulation in Fatty Liver Disease Cause Hepatic Insulin Resistance? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:104132. [PMID: 26273583 PMCID: PMC4529893 DOI: 10.1155/2015/104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies conducted on obese humans and various rodent models of obesity have identified a correlation between hepatic lipid content and the development of insulin resistance in liver and other tissues. Despite a large body of the literature on this topic, the cause and effect relationship between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance remains controversial. If, as many believe, lipid aggregation in liver drives insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities, there are significant unanswered questions as to which lipid mediators are causative in this cascade. Several published papers have now correlated levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate intermediate in triglyceride synthesis, with development of insulin resistance and have postulated that this occurs via activation of protein kinase C signaling. Although many studies have confirmed this relationship, many others have reported a disconnect between DAG content and insulin resistance. It has been postulated that differences in methods for DAG measurement, DAG compartmentalization within the cell, or fatty acid composition of the DAG may explain these discrepancies. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast some of the relevant findings in this area and to discuss a number of unanswered questions regarding the relationship between DAG and insulin resistance.
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Protective Effects of Korean Red Ginseng against Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:11604-16. [PMID: 26111184 PMCID: PMC6272318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that Korean red ginseng (KRG) provides a protective effect against alcoholic fatty liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (w/v) alcohol or an isocaloric amount of dextrin-maltose for the controls for 6 weeks: normal control (CON), alcohol control (ET), and ET treated with 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight/day of KRG (RGL or RGH, respectively). Compared with the CON group, the ET group exhibited a significant increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol and the presence of lipid droplets in the liver, and a decrease in fat mass, which were all attenuated by KRG supplementation in adose-dependent manner. The mitigation was accompanied by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in the liver and adipose tissue. In addition, suppression in the alcohol-induced changes of adipose adipokine mRNA expression was also observed in KRG supplementation group. These findings suggest that KRG may have the potential to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver by suppressing inappropriate lysis of adipose tissue and preventing unnecessary de novo lipogenesis in the liver, which are mediated by AMPK signaling pathways. A mechanism for an interplay between the two organs is still needed to be examined with further assays.
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González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Rodríguez-Gaspar M, Alemán-Valls R, Pérez-Hernández O, Santolaria-Fernández F. Liver steatosis in hepatitis C patients. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1337-1346. [PMID: 26052379 PMCID: PMC4450197 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i10.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is controversy regarding some aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection-associated liver steatosis, and their relationship with body fat stores. It has classically been found that HCV, especially genotype 3, exerts direct metabolic effects which lead to liver steatosis. This supports the existence of a so called viral steatosis and a metabolic steatosis, which would affect HCV patients who are also obese or diabetics. In fact, several genotypes exert metabolic effects which overlap with some of those observed in the metabolic syndrome. In this review we will analyse the pathogenic pathways involved in the development of steatosis in HCV patients. Several cytokines and adipokines also become activated and are involved in “pure” steatosic effects, in addition to inflammation. They are probably responsible for the evolution of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, making it difficult to explain why such alterations only affect a proportion of steatosic patients.
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You M, Jogasuria A, Taylor C, Wu J. Sirtuin 1 signaling and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:88-100. [PMID: 26005675 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is one of the most prevalent forms of liver disease worldwide and can progress to inflammation (hepatitis), fibrosis/cirrhosis, and ultimately lead to end stage liver injury. The mechanisms, by which ethanol consumption leads to AFLD, are complicated and multiple, and remain incompletely understood. Nevertheless, understanding its pathogenesis will facilitate the development of effective pharmacological or nutritional therapies for treating human AFLD. Chronic ethanol consumption causes steatosis and inflammation in rodents or humans by disturbing several important hepatic transcriptional regulators, including AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), lipin-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), PPARγ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). Remarkably, the effects of ethanol on these regulators are mediated in whole or in part by inhibition of a central signaling molecule, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+), NADH)-dependent class III protein deacetylase. In recent years, SIRT1 has emerged as a pivotal molecule controlling the pathways of hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses and in the development of AFLD in rodents and in humans. Ethanol-mediated SIRT1 inhibition suppresses or stimulates the activities of above described transcriptional regulators and co-regulators, thereby deregulating diverse lipid metabolism and inflammatory response pathways including lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, lipoprotein uptake and secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of SIRT1 regulatory mechanisms and its response to ethanol-induced toxicity, thus, affirming significant role of SIRT1 signaling in the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Charles Taylor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Prieur X, Le May C, Magré J, Cariou B. Congenital lipodystrophies and dyslipidemias. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:437. [PMID: 25047893 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are rare acquired and genetic disorders characterized by the selective loss of adipose tissue. One key metabolic feature of patients with congenital inherited lipodystrophy is hypertriglyceridemia. The precise mechanisms by which the lack of adipose tissue causes dyslipidemia remain largely unknown. In recent years, new insights have arisen from data obtained in vitro in adipocytes, yeast, drosophila, and very recently in several genetically modified mouse models of generalized lipodystrophy. A common metabolic pathway involving accelerated lipolysis and defective energy storage seems to contribute to the dyslipidemia associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndromes, although the pathophysiological changes may vary with the nature of the mutation involved. Therapeutic management of dyslipidemia in patients with lipodystrophy is primarily based on specific approaches using recombinant leptin therapy. Preclinical studies suggest a potential efficacy of thiazolidinediones that remains to be assessed in dedicated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prieur
- INSERM U1087-CNRS UMR 6291, L'institut du Thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France,
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Yin H, Liang X, Jogasuria A, Davidson NO, You M. miR-217 regulates ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation by disrupting sirtuin 1-lipin-1 signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1286-96. [PMID: 25797648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-mediated injury, combined with gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), provokes generation of proinflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells, causing hepatic inflammation. Among the mediators of these effects, miR-217 aggravates ethanol-induced steatosis in hepatocytes. However, the role of miR-217 in ethanol-induced liver inflammation process is unknown. Here, we examined the role of miR-217 in the responses to ethanol, LPS, or a combination of ethanol and LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages and in primary Kupffer cells. In macrophages, ethanol substantially exacerbated LPS-mediated induction of miR-217 and production of proinflammatory cytokines compared with LPS or ethanol alone. Consistently, ethanol administration to mice led to increases in miR-217 abundance and increased production of inflammatory cytokines in isolated primary Kupffer cells exposed to the combination of ethanol and LPS. miR-217 promoted combined ethanol and LPS-mediated inhibition of sirtuin 1 expression and activity in macrophages. Moreover, miR-217-mediated sirtuin 1 inhibition was accompanied by increased activities of two vital inflammatory regulators, NF-κB and the nuclear factor of activated T cells c4. Finally, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-217 led to steatosis and inflammation in mice. These findings suggest that miR-217 is a pivotal regulator involved in ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation. Strategies to inhibit hepatic miR-217 could be a viable approach in attenuating alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huquan Yin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio.
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Schweitzer GG, Chen Z, Gan C, McCommis KS, Soufi N, Chrast R, Mitra MS, Yang K, Gross RW, Finck BN. Liver-specific loss of lipin-1-mediated phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity does not mitigate intrahepatic TG accumulation in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:848-58. [PMID: 25722343 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin proteins (lipin 1, 2, and 3) regulate glycerolipid homeostasis by acting as phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) enzymes in the TG synthesis pathway and by regulating DNA-bound transcription factors to control gene transcription. Hepatic PAP activity could contribute to hepatic fat accumulation in response to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. To examine the role of lipin 1 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, we generated mice that are deficient in lipin-1-encoded PAP activity in a liver-specific manner (Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice). This allele of lipin 1 was still able to transcriptionally regulate the expression of its target genes encoding fatty acid oxidation enzymes, and the expression of these genes was not affected in Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mouse liver. Hepatic PAP activity was significantly reduced in mice with liver-specific lipin 1 deficiency. However, hepatocytes from Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice had normal rates of TG synthesis, and steady-state hepatic TG levels were unaffected under fed and fasted conditions. Furthermore, Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice were not protected from intrahepatic accumulation of diacylglycerol and TG after chronic feeding of a diet rich in fat and fructose. Collectively, these data demonstrate that marked deficits in hepatic PAP activity do not impair TG synthesis and accumulation under acute or chronic conditions of lipid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Connie Gan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nisreen Soufi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kui Yang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Richard W Gross
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian N Finck
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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