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Mao C, Liu X, Guo SW. Meclizine improves endometrial repair and reduces simulated menstrual bleeding in mice with induced adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:113.e1-113.e13. [PMID: 38367751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenomyosis is one of the structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, which often presents as heavy menstrual bleeding. Mostly because of the poor understanding of its pathophysiology, medical management of adenomyosis-induced heavy menstrual bleeding is still a challenge. We have previously reported that glycolysis is crucial to endometrial repair following menstruation and that suppressed glycolysis can cause heavy menstrual bleeding. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that meclizine, a drug with an excellent safety profile, alleviates heavy menstrual bleeding in mice with induced adenomyosis using a simulated menstruation model. STUDY DESIGN Adenomyosis was induced in 36 female C57BL/6 mice using endometrial-myometrial interface disruption. Three months after induction, the mice were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: low-dose meclizine, high-dose meclizine, and controls. Treatment with meclizine or vehicle started shortly before the simulated menstruation procedure and ended before progesterone withdrawal. The amount of blood loss was quantified and uterine tissue was harvested for histologic evaluation of the grade of endometrial repair. We performed immunohistochemistry analysis of 4 proteins critically involved in glycolysis: Glut1 (glucose transporter 1), Hk2 (hexokinase 2), Pfkfb3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3), and Pkm2 (pyruvate kinase M2). The extent of tissue fibrosis in both ectopic and eutopic endometria was evaluated using Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS In mice with induced adenomyosis, meclizine accelerated endometrial repair in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the amount of menstrual bleeding. Meclizine administration raised endometrial immunoexpression of Hk2 and Pfkfb3 but not of Glut1 or Pkm2. The extent of endometrial fibrosis was reduced following the meclizine administration. Remarkably, these favorable changes were accompanied by the suppression of lesional progression, as evidenced by the dose-dependent reduction in the extent of fibrosis (a surrogate for lesional progression). CONCLUSION These encouraging results, taken together, suggest that glycolysis may be a promising therapeutic target and that meclizine may hold therapeutic potential as a nonhormonal treatment for adenomyosis-induced heavy menstrual bleeding without exacerbating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Mao
- Department of General Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Department of General Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mohamad NA, Galarza TE, Martín GA. H2 antihistamines: May be useful for combination therapies in cancer? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116164. [PMID: 38531422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer morbimortality is still a great concern despite advances in research and therapies. Histamine and its receptors' ligands can modulate different biological responses according to the cell type and the receptor subtype involved. Besides the wide variety of histamine functions in normal tissues, diverse roles in the acquisition of hallmarks of cancer such as sustained proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis, altered immunity and modified microenvironment have been described. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the various roles of histamine H2 receptor (H2R) ligands in neoplasias. A bioinformatic analysis of human tumors showed dissimilar results in the expression of the H2R gene according to tumor type when comparing malignant versus normal tissues. As well, the relationship between patients' survival parameters and H2R gene expression levels also varied, signaling important divergences in the role of H2R in neoplastic progression in different cancer types. Revised experimental evidence showed multiple effects of H2R antihistamines on several of the cited hallmarks of cancer. Interventional and retrospective clinical studies evaluated different H2R antihistamines in cancer patients with two main adjuvant uses: improving antitumor efficacy (which includes regulation of immune response) and preventing toxic adverse effects produced by chemo or radiotherapy. While there is a long path to go, research on H2R antihistamines may provide new opportunities for developing more refined combination therapeutic strategies for certain cancer types to improve patients' survival and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Mohamad
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara E Galarza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Martín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Fabris L, Pol J. Mast cells and histamine in cholangiocarcinoma: exploring overlooked avenues for enhanced patient management. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332288. [PMID: 38631898 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabris
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), 1st Clinical Medicine Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
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Shi A, Liu Z, Fan Z, Li K, Liu X, Tang Y, Hu J, Li X, Shu L, Zhao L, Huang L, Zhang Z, Lv G, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Function of mast cell and bile-cholangiocarcinoma interplay in cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331715. [PMID: 38458750 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The correlation between cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression and bile is rarely studied. Here, we aimed to identify differential metabolites in benign and malignant bile ducts and elucidate the generation, function and degradation of bile metabolites. DESIGN Differential metabolites in the bile from CCA and benign biliary stenosis were identified by metabonomics. Biliary molecules able to induce mast cell (MC) degranulation were revealed by in vitro and in vivo experiments, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. Histamine (HA) receptor expression in CCA was mapped using a single-cell mRNA sequence. HA receptor functions were elucidated by patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in humanised mice and orthotopic models in MC-deficient mice. Genes involved in HA-induced proliferation were screened by CRISPR/Cas9. RESULTS Bile HA was elevated in CCA and indicated poorer prognoses. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived stem cell factor (SCF) recruited MCs, and bile N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DMPD) stimulated MCs to release HA through G protein-coupled receptor subtype 2 (MRGPRX2)-Gαq signalling. Bile-induced MCs released platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B) and angiopoietin 1/2 (ANGPT1/2), which enhanced CCA angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) and HRH2 were predominantly expressed in CCA cells and CAFs, respectively. HA promoted CCA cell proliferation by activating HRH1-Gαq signalling and hastened CAFs to secrete hepatocyte growth factor by stimulating HRH2-Gαs signalling. Solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3) inhibited HA-induced CCA proliferation by importing bile HA into cells for degradation, and SLC22A3 deletion resulted in HA accumulation. CONCLUSION Bile HA is released from MCs through DMPD stimulation and degraded via SLC22A3 import. Different HA receptors exhibit a distinct expression profile in CCA and produce different oncogenic effects. MCs promote CCA progression in a CCA-bile interplay pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingkai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaming Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhuang Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Shu L, Li X, Liu Z, Li K, Shi A, Tang Y, Zhao L, Huang L, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Huang S, Lian S, Sheng G, Yan Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p increases cholangiocarcinoma stemness and progression by targeting HPGD and increasing PGE2 generation. Hepatology 2024; 79:307-322. [PMID: 37140231 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal malignancy originating from the biliary ducts. Current CCA diagnostic and prognostic assessments cannot satisfy the clinical requirement. Bile detection is rarely performed, and herein, we aim to estimate the clinical significance of bile liquid biopsy by assessing bile exosomal concentrations and components. APPROACH RESULTS Exosomes in bile and sera from CCA, pancreatic cancer, and common bile duct stone were identified and quantified by transmission electronmicroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and nanoFCM. Exosomal components were assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq). Bile exosomal concentration in different diseases had no significant difference, but miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were ectopically upregulated in CCA bile exosomes. High miR-182/183-5p in both CCA tissues and bile indicates a poor prognosis. Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p is secreted by CCA cells and can be absorbed by biliary epithelium or CCA cells. With xenografts in humanized mice, we showed that bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p promotes CCA proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and mast cells (MCs), and increasing prostaglandin E2 generation, which stimulates PTGER1 and increases CCA stemness. In single-cell mRNA-seq, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is predominantly expressed in MCs. miR-182/183-5p prompts MC to release VEGF-A release from MC by increasing VEGF-A expression, which facilitates angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CCA cells secret exosomal miR-182/183-5p into bile, which targets hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and MCs and increases prostaglandin E2 and VEGF-A release. Prostaglandin E2 promotes stemness by activating PTGER1. Our results reveal a type of CCA self-driven progression dependent on bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p and MCs, which is a new interplay pattern of CCA and bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuang Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anda Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoli Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangdi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Kou E, Zhang X, Dong B, Wang B, Zhu Y. Combination of H1 and H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonists: Current Knowledge and Perspectives of a Classic Treatment Strategy. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:164. [PMID: 38398673 PMCID: PMC10890042 DOI: 10.3390/life14020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Histamine receptor antagonists, which can bind to specific histamine receptors on target cells, exhibit substantial therapeutic efficacy in managing a variety of histamine-mediated disorders. Notably, histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists have been extensively investigated and universally acknowledged as recommended treatment agents for numerous allergic diseases and acid-related disorders, respectively. Historically, the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists has been considered a classic treatment strategy, demonstrating relatively superior efficacy compared with single-drug therapies in the treatment of diverse histamine-mediated diseases. The latest emerging studies have additionally suggested the underlying roles of histamine and H1R and H2R in the development of anxiety disorders, arthritic diseases, and postexercise hypotension. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the clinical efficacy of combination therapy, greatly limiting our understanding of its clinical application. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and perspectives regarding the combination of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists in various histamine-mediated disorders. Furthermore, we critically analyze the adverse effects and limitations associated with combination therapy while suggesting potential solutions. Our review can offer a systematic summary and promising insights into the in-depth and effective application of the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwen Kou
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China; (E.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China;
| | - Baiping Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China; (E.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China; (E.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Yuanjie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China; (E.K.); (B.D.)
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Zhang N, Shu L, Liu Z, Shi A, Zhao L, Huang S, Sheng G, Yan Z, Song Y, Huang F, Tang Y, Zhang Z. The role of extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336685. [PMID: 38269274 PMCID: PMC10805838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that originates from the biliary system. With restricted treatment options at hand, the challenging aspect of early CCA diagnosis leads to a bleak prognosis. Besides the intrinsic characteristics of tumor cells, the generation and progression of CCA are profoundly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which engages in intricate interactions with cholangiocarcinoma cells. Of notable significance is the role of extracellular vesicles as key carriers in enabling communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research examining the interplay between extracellular vesicles and the tumor microenvironment in the context of CCA. Specifically, we will emphasize the significant contributions of extracellular vesicles in molding the CCA microenvironment and explore their potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic strategies for this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhuang Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Anda Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoli Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangdi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ceci L, Gaudio E, Kennedy L. Cellular Interactions and Crosstalk Facilitating Biliary Fibrosis in Cholestasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:553-565. [PMID: 38216052 PMCID: PMC10883986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Biliary fibrosis is seen in cholangiopathies, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). In PBC and PSC, biliary fibrosis is associated with worse outcomes and histologic scores. Within the liver, both hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and portal fibroblasts (PFs) contribute to biliary fibrosis, but their roles can differ. PFs reside near the bile ducts and may be the first responders to biliary damage, whereas HSCs may be recruited later and initiate bridging fibrosis. Indeed, different models of biliary fibrosis can activate PFs and HSCs to varying degrees. The portal niche can be composed of cholangiocytes, HSCs, PFs, endothelial cells, and various immune cells, and interactions between these cell types drive biliary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of biliary fibrosis and the roles of PFs and HSCs in this process. We will also evaluate cellular interactions and mechanisms that contribute to biliary fibrosis in different models and highlight future perspectives and potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Abstract
Chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or viral hepatitis are characterized by persistent inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis critically determines long-term morbidity (for example, cirrhosis or liver cancer) and mortality in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation represents the concerted response of various hepatic cell types to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals, which are related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators from the gut-liver axis and the circulation. Single-cell technologies have revealed the heterogeneity of immune cell activation concerning disease states and the spatial organization within the liver, including resident and recruited macrophages, neutrophils as mediators of tissue repair, auto-aggressive features of T cells as well as various innate lymphoid cell and unconventional T cell populations. Inflammatory responses drive the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and HSC subsets, in turn, modulate immune mechanisms via chemokines and cytokines or transdifferentiate into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. Current advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, mainly focused on NAFLD or NASH owing to the high unmet medical need, have led to the identification of several therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize the inflammatory mediators and cells in the diseased liver, fibrogenic pathways and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ouyang G, Wu Z, Liu Z, Pan G, Wang Y, Liu J, Guo J, Liu T, Huang G, Zeng Y, Wei Z, He S, Yuan G. Identification and validation of potential diagnostic signature and immune cell infiltration for NAFLD based on cuproptosis-related genes by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251750. [PMID: 37822923 PMCID: PMC10562635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cuproptosis has been identified as a key player in the development of several diseases. In this study, we investigate the potential role of cuproptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method The gene expression profiles of NAFLD were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were determined between NAFLD and normal tissues. Protein-protein interaction, correlation, and function enrichment analyses were performed. Machine learning was used to identify hub genes. Immune infiltration was analyzed in both NAFLD patients and controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate the expression of hub genes. Results Four datasets containing 115 NAFLD and 106 control samples were included for bioinformatics analysis. Three hub CRGs (NFE2L2, DLD, and POLD1) were identified through the intersection of three machine learning algorithms. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted based on these three marker genes, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.704. In the external GSE135251 dataset, the AUC value of the three key genes was as high as 0.970. Further nomogram, decision curve, calibration curve analyses also confirmed the diagnostic predictive efficacy. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis showed these three marker genes involved in multiple pathways that are related to the progression of NAFLD. CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis indicated that their expression levels in macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, Treg cells, resting dendritic cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were higher in NAFLD compared with control liver samples. The ceRNA network demonstrated a complex regulatory relationship between the three hub genes. The mRNA level of these hub genes were further confirmed in a mouse NAFLD liver samples. Conclusion Our study comprehensively demonstrated the relationship between NAFLD and cuproptosis, developed a promising diagnostic model, and provided potential targets for NAFLD treatment and new insights for exploring the mechanism for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Ouyang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Liver Cancer Research, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guandong Pan
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Liver Cancer Research, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Liuzhou Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Precision Diagnosis Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital by Liuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Luzhai People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Guozhen Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zaiwa Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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11
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Meadows V, Marakovits C, Ekser B, Kundu D, Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Pham L, Chen L, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Wu N, Carpino G, Zhang W, Isidan A, Meyer A, Owen T, Gaudio E, Onori P, Alpini G, Francis H. Loss of apical sodium bile acid transporter alters bile acid circulation and reduces biliary damage in cholangitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G60-G77. [PMID: 36410025 PMCID: PMC9799145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by increased ductular reaction (DR), liver fibrosis, hepatic total bile acid (TBA) levels, and mast cell (MC) infiltration. Apical sodium BA transporter (ASBT) expression increases in cholestasis, and ileal inhibition reduces PSC phenotypes. FVB/NJ and multidrug-resistant 2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice were treated with control or ASBT Vivo-Morpholino (VM). We measured 1) ASBT expression and MC presence in liver/ileum; 2) liver damage/DR; 3) hepatic fibrosis/inflammation; 4) biliary inflammation/histamine serum content; and 5) gut barrier integrity/hepatic bacterial translocation. TBA/BA composition was measured in cholangiocyte/hepatocyte supernatants, intestine, liver, serum, and feces. Shotgun analysis was performed to ascertain microbiome changes. In vitro, cholangiocytes were treated with BAs ± ASBT VM, and histamine content and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling were determined. Treated cholangiocytes were cocultured with MCs, and FXR signaling, inflammation, and MC activation were measured. Human patients were evaluated for ASBT/MC expression and histamine/TBA content in bile. Control patient- and PSC patient-derived three-dimensional (3-D) organoids were generated; ASBT, chymase, histamine, and fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) were evaluated. ASBT VM in Mdr2-/- mice decreased 1) biliary ASBT expression, 2) PSC phenotypes, 3) hepatic TBA, and 4) gut barrier integrity compared with control. We found alterations between wild-type (WT) and Mdr2-/- mouse microbiome, and ASBT/MC and bile histamine content increased in cholestatic patients. BA-stimulated cholangiocytes increased MC activation/FXR signaling via ASBT, and human PSC-derived 3-D organoids secrete histamine/FGF19. Inhibition of hepatic ASBT ameliorates cholestatic phenotypes by reducing cholehepatic BA signaling, biliary inflammation, and histamine levels. ASBT regulation of hepatic BA signaling offers a therapeutic avenue for PSC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We evaluated knockdown of the apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) using Vivo-Morpholino in Mdr2KO mice. ASBT inhibition decreases primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) pathogenesis by reducing hepatic mast cell infiltration, altering bile acid species/cholehepatic shunt, and regulating gut inflammation/dysbiosis. Since a large cohort of PSC patients present with IBD, this study is clinically important. We validated findings in human PSC and PSC-IBD along with studies in novel human 3-D organoids formed from human PSC livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Corinn Marakovits
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alison Meyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Travis Owen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Pan Z, Li SJ, Guo H, Li ZH, Fei X, Chang SM, Yang QC, Cheng DD. Ebastine exerts antitumor activity and induces autophagy by activating AMPK/ULK1 signaling in an IPMK-dependent manner in osteosarcoma. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:537-551. [PMID: 36632464 PMCID: PMC9830506 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that in addition to interfering with the tumor inflammatory environment, anti-inflammatory agents can directly increase apoptosis and sensitivity to conventional therapies and decrease invasion and metastasis, making them useful candidates for cancer therapy. Here, we first used high-throughput screening and had screened one compound candidate, ebastine (a H1-histamine receptor antagonist), for osteosarcoma therapy. Cell viability assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays demonstrated that ebastine elicited antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, ebastine treatment exerted obvious effects on cell cycle arrest, metastasis inhibition, apoptosis and autophagy induction both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we observed that ebastine treatment triggered proapoptotic autophagy by activating AMPK/ULK1 signaling in osteosarcoma cells. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin reversed ebastine-induced apoptosis and autophagy. More importantly, we found that IPMK interacted with AMPK and functioned as a positive regulator of AMPK protein in osteosarcoma cells. A rescue study showed that the induction of autophagy and activation of the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway by ebastine treatment were reversed by IPMK knockdown, indicating that the activity of ebastine was IPMK dependent. We provide experimental evidence demonstrating that ebastine has antitumor activity in osteosarcoma and promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway, which is IPMK dependent. Our results provide insight into the clinical application potential of ebastine, which may represent a new potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shi-jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhao-hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shi-min Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qing-cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Dong-dong Cheng, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. E-mail: ; Qing-cheng Yang, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. E-mail:
| | - Dong-dong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Dong-dong Cheng, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. E-mail: ; Qing-cheng Yang, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. E-mail:
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13
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Ilg MM, Lapthorn AR, Ralph DJ, Cellek S. Phenotypic screening of 1,953 FDA-approved drugs reveals 26 hits with potential for repurposing for Peyronie's disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277646. [PMID: 36508413 PMCID: PMC9744312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing has been shown to bring safe medications to new patient populations, as recently evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated whether we could use phenotypic screening to repurpose drugs for the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD). PD is a fibrotic disease characterised by continued myofibroblast presence and activity leading to formation of a plaque in the penile tunica albuginea (TA) that can cause pain during erection, erectile dysfunction, and penile deformity. PD affects 3-9% of men with treatment options limited to surgery or injection of collagenase which can only be utilised at late stages after the plaque is formed. Currently there are no approved medications that can be offered to patients presenting with early disease before the formation of the plaque. Drug repurposing may therefore be the ideal strategy to identify medical treatments to address this unmet medical need in early PD. We used primary human fibroblasts from PD patients in a phenotypic screening assay that measures TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transformation which is the main cellular phenotype that drives the pathology in early PD. A library of FDA-approved 1,953 drugs was screened in duplicate wells at a single concentration (10 μM) in presence of TGF-β1. The myofibroblast marker α-SMA was quantified after 72h incubation. A positive control of SB-505124 (TGF-β1 receptor antagonist) was included on each plate. Hits were defined as showing >80% inhibition, whilst retaining >80% cell viability. 26 hits (1.3%) were identified which were divided into the following main groups: anti-cancer drugs, anti-inflammation, neurology, endocrinology, and imaging agents. Five of the top-ten drugs that increase myofibroblast-transformation appear to act on VEGFR. This is the first phenotypic screening of FDA-approved drugs for PD and our results suggest that it is a viable method to predict drugs with potential for repurposing to treat early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M. Ilg
- Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice R. Lapthorn
- Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Ralph
- Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selim Cellek
- Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Erratum. Hepatology 2022; 76:1898. [PMID: 36283981 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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15
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Chen J, Liu G, Wang X, Hong H, Li T, Li L, Wang H, Xie J, Li B, Li T, Lu D, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yao C, Wen K, Li T, Chen J, Wu S, He K, Zhang WN, Zhao J, Wang N, Han Q, Xia Q, Qi J, Chen J, Zhou T, Man J, Zhang XM, Li AL, Pan X. Glioblastoma stem cell-specific histamine secretion drives pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment remodeling. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1531-1546.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Huang S, Wu H, Luo F, Zhang B, Li T, Yang Z, Ren B, Yin W, Wu D, Tai S. Exploring the role of mast cells in the progression of liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:964887. [PMID: 36176778 PMCID: PMC9513450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.964887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being associated with allergic diseases, parasites, bacteria, and venoms, a growing body of research indicates that mast cells and their mediators can regulate liver disease progression. When mast cells are activated, they degranulate and release many mediators, such as histamine, tryptase, chymase, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor–α(TNF-α), interleukins cytokines, and other substances that mediate the progression of liver disease. This article reviews the role of mast cells and their secretory mediators in developing hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their essential role in immunotherapy. Targeting MC infiltration may be a novel therapeutic option for improving liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehai Wu
- *Correspondence: Sheng Tai, ; Dehai Wu,
| | - Sheng Tai
- *Correspondence: Sheng Tai, ; Dehai Wu,
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17
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Zhou T, Meadows V, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Owen T, Ceci L, Carpino G, Onori P, Gaudio E, Wu N, Glaser S, Ekser B, Alpini G, Kennedy L, Francis H. Mast cells selectively target large cholangiocytes during biliary injury via H2HR-mediated cAMP/pERK1/2 signaling. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2715-2731. [PMID: 35799467 PMCID: PMC9512472 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile ducts are heterogenous in structure and function, and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) damages specific bile ducts leading to ductular reaction (DR), mast cell (MC) infiltration, increased histamine release, inflammation, and fibrosis. Bile duct ligation (BDL) induces large duct damage via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) signaling, and large cholangiocytes express H2 histamine receptor (H2HR). We evaluated how MCs interact with large cholangiocytes during cholestasis. Male wild-type (WT) and MC-deficient (KitW-sh ) mice 10-12 weeks of age were subjected to BDL for 7 days. Select KitW-sh mice were injected with MCs pretreated with control or H2HR antagonist (ranitidine, 25 μm, 48 h) via tail vein injection. In vitro, MC migration toward small mouse cholangiocytes (SMCCs) and large mouse cholangiocytes (LMCCs) treated with lipopolysaccharide or histamine (±ranitidine) was measured. LMCCs were stimulated with MC supernatants pretreated with control, α-methyl-dl-histidine (to block histamine release), or ranitidine. Liver damage, large duct DR/senescence, inflammation, fibrosis, and cAMP/ERK immunoreactivity increased in BDL WT and KitW-sh +MC mice but decreased in BDL KitW-sh and KitW-sh +MC-H2HR mice. In vitro, MCs migrate toward damaged LMCCs (but not SMCCs) blocked by inhibition of H2HR. Loss of MC histamine or MC-H2HR decreases LMCC proliferation, senescence, H2HR, and cAMP/ERK levels. Human PSC livers have increased MC number found near DR, senescent ducts, and H2HR-positive ducts. Conclusion: Infiltrating MCs preferentially interact with large ducts via H2HR signaling promoting biliary and liver damage. Mediation of MCs may be a therapeutic strategy for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Travis Owen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of MovementHuman and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome “Foro Italico”RomeItaly
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M UniversityBryanTexasUSA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine ResearchIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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18
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Pham L, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Ceci L, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G, Sato K. The Functional Roles of Immune Cells in Primary Liver Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:826-836. [PMID: 35337836 PMCID: PMC9194651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Incidence of liver cancer has been increasing in recent years, and the 5-year survival is <20%. HCC and CCA are often accompanied with a dense stroma coupled with infiltrated immune cells, which is referred to as the tumor microenvironment. Populations of specific immune cells, such as high density of CD163+ macrophages and low density of CD8+ T cells, are associated with prognosis and survival rates in both HCC and CCA. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment can be a therapeutic target for liver cancer treatments. Previous studies have introduced immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, pulsed dendritic cells, or transduced T cells, to enhance cytotoxicity of immune cells and inhibit tumor growth. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of immune cells in primary liver cancer covering HCC and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Killeen, Texas
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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19
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Lan T, Qian S, Tang C, Gao J. Role of Immune Cells in Biliary Repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866040. [PMID: 35432349 PMCID: PMC9005827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary system is comprised of cholangiocytes and plays an important role in maintaining liver function. Under normal conditions, cholangiocytes remain in the stationary phase and maintain a very low turnover rate. However, the robust biliary repair is initiated in disease conditions, and different repair mechanisms can be activated depending on the pathological changes. During biliary disease, immune cells including monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells are recruited to the liver. The cellular interactions between cholangiocytes and these recruited immune cells as well as hepatic resident immune cells, including Kupffer cells, determine disease outcomes. However, the role of immune cells in the initiation, regulation, and suspension of biliary repair remains elusive. The cellular processes of cholangiocyte proliferation, progenitor cell differentiation, and hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation during biliary diseases are reviewed to manifest the underlying mechanism of biliary repair. Furthermore, the potential role of immune cells in crucial biliary repair mechanisms is highlighted. The mechanisms of biliary repair in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, inherited cholangiopathies, obstructive cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma are also summarized. Additionally, novel techniques that could clarify the underlying mechanisms of biliary repair are displayed. Collectively, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of biliary repair and contributes potential novel therapeutic methods for treating biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuaijie Qian
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Ceci L, Zhou T, Lenci I, Meadows V, Kennedy L, Li P, Ekser B, Milana M, Zhang W, Wu C, Sato K, Chakraborty S, Glaser SS, Francis H, Alpini G, Baiocchi L. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Risk Factors to Cholangiocarcinoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1442. [PMID: 35326593 PMCID: PMC8945938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma in humans is related to several factors, such as (i) the heterogeneity of the disease, (ii) the late onset of symptoms and (iii) the limited comprehension of the carcinogenic pathways determining neoplastic changes, which all limit the pursuit of appropriate treatment. Several risk factors have been recognized, including different infective, immune-mediated, and dysmorphogenic disorders of the biliary tree. In this review, we report the details of possible mechanisms that lead a specific premalignant pathological condition to become cholangiocarcinoma. For instance, during liver fluke infection, factors secreted from the worms may play a major role in pathogenesis. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, deregulation of histamine and bile-acid signaling may determine important changes in cellular pathways. The study of these molecular events may also shed some light on the pathogenesis of sporadic (unrelated to risk factors) forms of cholangiocarcinoma, which represent the majority (nearly 75%) of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Martina Milana
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Shannon S. Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
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21
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Mast Cells in Immune-Mediated Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030375. [PMID: 35159185 PMCID: PMC8834285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, which is impaired bile flow from the liver into the intestine, can be caused by cholangitis and/or bile duct obstruction. Cholangitis can arise from bacterial infections and cholelithiasis, however, immune-mediated cholangitis in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by a strong immune response targeting the biliary epithelial cells (BECs). Persistent biliary inflammation further represents a risk for biliary neoplasia, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) by driving chronic cellular stress in the BECs. Currently, immune-mediated cholangitis is considered a Th1-Th17-dominant disease, however, the presence of Th2-related mast cells (MCs) in tissue samples from PBC, PSC and CCA patients has been described, showing that these MCs are active players in these diseases. Here, we reviewed and discussed experimental and clinical data supporting a pro-fibrotic role for MCs in immune-mediated cholangitis as well as their participation in supporting tumor growth acting as angiogenesis promoters. Thus, although MCs have classically been identified as downstream effectors of Th2 responses in allergies and parasitic infections, evidence suggests that these MCs are relevant players in biliary inflammation and neoplasia. The availability of strategies to prevent MCs’ activation represents a therapeutic opportunity in biliary diseases.
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22
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Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Kundu D, Sato K, Fuentes Y, Wu C, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Alpini G, Kennedy L, Francis H. Biliary Epithelial Senescence in Liver Disease: There Will Be SASP. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803098. [PMID: 34993234 PMCID: PMC8724525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a pathophysiological phenomenon in which proliferative cells enter cell cycle arrest following DNA damage and other stress signals. Natural, permanent DNA damage can occur after repetitive cell division; however, acute stress or other injuries can push cells into premature senescence and eventually a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In recent years, there has been increased evidence for the role of premature senescence in disease progression including diabetes, cardiac diseases, and end-stage liver diseases including cholestasis. Liver size and function change with aging, and presumably with increasing cellular senescence, so it is important to understand the mechanisms by which cellular senescence affects the functional nature of the liver in health and disease. As well, cells in a SASP state secrete a multitude of inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors that modulate the microenvironment. Cellular SASP and the associated, secreted factors have been implicated in the progression of liver diseases, such as cholestatic injury that target the biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes) lining the bile ducts. Indeed, cholangiocyte senescence/SASP is proposed to be a driver of disease phenotypes in a variety of liver injuries. Within this review, we will discuss the impact of cholangiocyte senescence and SASP in the pathogenesis of cholestatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yessenia Fuentes
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, STEM GEHCS Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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23
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Pham L, Kennedy L, Baiocchi L, Meadows V, Ekser B, Kundu D, Zhou T, Sato K, Glaser S, Ceci L, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast cells in liver disease progression: An update on current studies and implications. Hepatology 2022; 75:213-218. [PMID: 34435373 PMCID: PMC9276201 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University–Central Texas, Killeen, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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24
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Rohr-Udilova N, Tsuchiya K, Timelthaler G, Salzmann M, Meischl T, Wöran K, Stift J, Herac M, Schulte-Hermann R, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Sieghart W, Eferl R, Jensen-Jarolim E, Trauner M, Pinter M. Morphometric Analysis of Mast Cells in Tumor Predicts Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1939-1952. [PMID: 34558826 PMCID: PMC8557312 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are relevant prognostic and immunotherapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mast cells play a key role in allergic response but may also be involved in anticancer immunity. Digital morphometric analysis of patient tissue sections has become increasingly available for clinical routine and provides unbiased quantitative data. Here, we apply morphometric analysis of mast cells to retrospectively evaluate their relevance for HCC recurrence in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). A total of 173 patients underwent OLT for HCC at the Medical University of Vienna (21 women, 152 men; 55.2 ± 7.9 years; 74 beyond Milan criteria, 49 beyond up-to-7 criteria for liver transplantation). Tissue arrays from tumors and corresponding surrounding tissues were immunohistochemically stained for mast cell tryptase. Mast cells were quantified by digital tissue morphometric analysis and correlated with HCC recurrence. Mast cells were detected in 93% of HCC tumors and in all available surrounding liver tissues. Tumor tissues revealed lower mast cell density than corresponding surrounding tissues (P < 0.0001). Patients lacking intratumoral mast cells (iMCs) displayed larger tumors and higher tumor recurrence rates both in the whole cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-6.93; P = 0.029) and in patients beyond transplant criteria (Milan HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.04-7.62; P = 0.01; up-to-7 HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.17-10.92; P = 0.02). Notably, high iMC identified additional patients at low risk classified outside the Milan and up-to-7 criteria, whereas low iMC identified additional patients at high risk classified within the alpha-fetoprotein French and Metroticket criteria. iMCs independently predicted tumor recurrence in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (Milan HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.16-4.91; P = 0.019; up-to-7 HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.05-4.62; P = 0.035). Conclusion: Hepatic mast cells might be implicated in antitumor immunity in HCC. Morphometric analysis of iMCs refines prognosis of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMusashino Red Cross HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer ResearchInternal Medicine IMedical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer CenterViennaAustria
| | - Martina Salzmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tobias Meischl
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Wöran
- Clinical Institute of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Judith Stift
- Clinical Institute of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Merima Herac
- Clinical Institute of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rolf Schulte-Hermann
- Institute of Cancer ResearchInternal Medicine IMedical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer CenterViennaAustria
| | - Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Central Admission, and First AidPublic Hospital Klagenfurt am WoertherseeKlagenfurtAustria
| | | | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer ResearchInternal Medicine IMedical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer CenterViennaAustria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria.,Comparative MedicineInteruniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of Vienna and University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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25
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Meadows V, Kennedy L, Ekser B, Kyritsi K, Kundu D, Zhou T, Chen L, Pham L, Wu N, Demieville J, Hargrove L, Glaser S, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Regulate Ductular Reaction and Intestinal Inflammation in Cholestasis Through Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 74:2684-2698. [PMID: 34164827 PMCID: PMC9337218 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholestasis is characterized by increased total bile acid (TBA) levels, which are regulated by farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/FGF15. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) typically present with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mast cells (MCs) (i) express FXR and (ii) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis promoting liver fibrosis. In bile-duct-ligated (BDL) MC-deficient mice (B6.Cg-KitW-sh /HNihrJaeBsmJ [KitW-sh ]), ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis decrease compared with BDL wild type, and MC injection exacerbates liver damage in normal mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that MC-FXR regulates biliary FXR/FGF15, DR, and hepatic fibrosis and alters intestinal FXR/FGF15. We found increased MC number and biliary FXR expression in patients with liver injury compared with control. Histamine and FGF19 serum levels and small heterodimer partner expression increase in patients PSC and PSC-IBD compared with healthy controls. MC injection increased liver damage, DR, inflammation, biliary senescence/senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), fibrosis, and histamine in KitW-sh mice. Inhibition of MC-FXR before injection reduced these parameters. BDL and KitW-sh mice injected with MCs displayed increased TBA content, biliary FXR/FGF15, and intestinal inflammation, which decreased in BDL KitW-sh and KitW-sh mice injected with MC-FXR. MCs increased ileal FXR/FGF15 expression in KitW-sh mice that was reduced following FXR inhibition. BDL and multidrug resistance 2/ATP-binding cassette family 2 member 4 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mice, models of PSC, displayed increased intestinal MC infiltration and FXR/FGF15 expression. These were reduced following MC stabilization with cromolyn sodium in Mdr2-/- mice. In vitro, MC-FXR inhibition decreased biliary proliferation/SASP/FGF and hepatic stellate cell activation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that MC-FXR plays a key role in liver damage and DR, including TBA regulation through alteration of intestinal and biliary FXR/FGF15 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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26
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Feedback Signaling between Cholangiopathies, Ductular Reaction, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082072. [PMID: 34440841 PMCID: PMC8391272 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are global health disparities, particularly in the United States, as a result of cultural eating habits and lifestyle. Pathological studies on NAFLD have been mostly focused on hepatocytes and other inflammatory cell types; however, the impact of other biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes) in the promotion of NAFLD is growing. This review article will discuss how cholestatic injury and cholangiocyte activity/ductular reaction influence NAFLD progression. Furthermore, this review will provide informative details regarding the fundamental properties of cholangiocytes and bile acid signaling that can influence NAFLD. Lastly, studies relating to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, cholangiopathies, and ductular reaction will be analyzed to help gain insight for potential therapies.
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27
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Kennedy L, Meadows V, Sybenga A, Demieville J, Chen L, Hargrove L, Ekser B, Dar W, Ceci L, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Pham L, Zhou T, Glaser S, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Promote Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Phenotypes and Microvesicular Steatosis in Mice Fed a Western Diet. Hepatology 2021; 74:164-182. [PMID: 33434322 PMCID: PMC9271361 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is simple steatosis but can develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver inflammation, fibrosis, and microvesicular steatosis. Mast cells (MCs) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis and promote ductular reaction (DR), biliary senescence, and liver fibrosis. We aimed to determine the effects of MC depletion during NAFLD/NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and KitW-sh (MC-deficient) mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks; select WT and KitW-sh WD mice received tail vein injections of MCs 2 times per week for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Human samples were collected from normal, NAFLD, or NASH mice. Cholangiocytes from WT WD mice and human NASH have increased insulin-like growth factor 1 expression that promotes MC migration/activation. Enhanced MC presence was noted in WT WD mice and human NASH, along with increased DR. WT WD mice had significantly increased steatosis, DR/biliary senescence, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis compared to WT CD mice, which was significantly reduced in KitW-sh WD mice. Loss of MCs prominently reduced microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. MC injection promoted WD-induced biliary and liver damage and specifically up-regulated microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) expression is reduced in WT WD mice and human NASH but increased in KitW-sh WD mice. MicroRNA 144-3 prime (miR-144-3p) expression was increased in WT WD mice and human NASH but reduced in KitW-sh WD mice and was found to target ALDH1A3. CONCLUSIONS MCs promote WD-induced biliary and liver damage and may promote microvesicular steatosis development during NAFLD progression to NASH through miR-144-3p/ALDH1A3 signaling. Inhibition of MC activation may be a therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wasim Dar
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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28
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Wang Y, Yu H, Xie X, Deng T, Ye L, Wu L, Ding X, Yang Z, Zhu Q, Li J, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Chen G. Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein promotes angiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma via the DKK1/CKAP4/PI3K signaling pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:4324-4337. [PMID: 34079085 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is aggressive and has poor clinical outcomes because of typically delayed diagnosis and a lack of effective non-surgical therapeutic options. Recent studies have shown that plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) is related to angiogenesis in various tumors, and in vivo PLVAP targeting therapy has been proven effective against hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the potential therapeutic utility of targeting PLVAP and thus angiogenesis in CCA and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that the PLVAP expression levels were significantly higher in CCA tissues when compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from a total of 90 CCA patients; higher expression levels of PLVAP were associated with shorter overall survival of patients. In addition, overexpression of PLVAP was associated with higher micro-vessel density in CCA tissues. In a PLVAP overexpressing CCA patient-derived xenograft model, a novel humanized anti-PLVAP antibody in combination with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin was significantly inhibited tumor growth. Molecular analysis of CCA cells co-cultured with human umbilical vascular endothelial cells or human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells showed that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) secreted by CCA cells activated the PI3K/Akt pathway after binding to its receptor, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), resulting in the upregulation of PLVAP. Thus, CCA cells increased the angiogenic potency of endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion. Consistently, patients bearing CKAP4 and PLVAP overexpressing tumors had a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the DKK1/CKAP4/PI3K/PLVAP pathway increases angiogenesis in CCA and is therefore a potential anti-angiogenic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiandong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Kyritsi K, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Pham L, Sybenga A, Kundu D, Cerritos K, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Induce Ductular Reaction Mimicking Liver Injury in Mice Through Mast Cell-Derived Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 73:2397-2410. [PMID: 32761972 PMCID: PMC7864988 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following liver injury, mast cells (MCs) migrate into the liver and are activated in patients with cholestasis. Inhibition of MC mediators decreases ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) contributes to fibrosis and promotes liver disease. Our aim was to demonstrate that reintroduction of MCs induces cholestatic injury through TGF-β1. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type, KitW-sh (MC-deficient), and multidrug resistance transporter 2/ABC transporter B family member 2 knockout mice lacking l-histidine decarboxylase were injected with vehicle or PKH26-tagged murine MCs pretreated with 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (TGF-βRi), LY2109761 (10 μM) 3 days before sacrifice. Hepatic damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and serum chemistry. Injected MCs were detected in liver, spleen, and lung by immunofluorescence (IF). DR was measured by cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) immunohistochemistry and F4/80 staining coupled with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-33, and F4/80; biliary senescence was evaluated by IF or qPCR for p16, p18, and p21. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red/fast green staining and IF for synaptophysin 9 (SYP-9), desmin, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). TGF-β1 secretion/expression was measured by enzyme immunoassay and qPCR. Angiogenesis was detected by IF for von Willebrand factor and vascular endothelial growth factor C qPCR. In vitro, MC-TGF-β1 expression/secretion were measured after TGF-βRi treatment; conditioned medium was collected. Cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with MC-conditioned medium, and biliary proliferation/senescence was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and qPCR; HSC activation evaluated for α-SMA, SYP-9, and collagen type-1a expression. MC injection recapitulates cholestatic liver injury characterized by increased DR, fibrosis/TGF-β1 secretion, and angiogenesis. Injection of MC-TGF-βRi reversed these parameters. In vitro, MCs induce biliary proliferation/senescence and HSC activation that was reversed with MCs lacking TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that reintroduction of MCs mimics cholestatic liver injury and that MC-derived TGF-β1 may be a target in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University-Central Texas
| | | | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Karla Cerritos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
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30
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Li H, Li Y, Tian D, Zhang J, Duan S. miR-940 is a new biomarker with tumor diagnostic and prognostic value. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:53-66. [PMID: 34168918 PMCID: PMC8192490 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miR-940 is a microRNA located on chromosome 16p13.3, which has varying degrees of expression imbalance in many diseases. It binds to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and affects the transcription or post-transcriptional regulation of target protein-coding genes. For a diversity of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle, and osteogenic differentiation, miR-940 can affect them not only by regulating protein-coding genes but also long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in pathways. Intriguingly, miR-940 participates in four pathways that affect cancer development, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, PD-1 pathway, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Importantly, the expression of miR-940 is intimately correlated with the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor patients, as well as to the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, our main purpose is to outline the expression of miR-940 in various diseases and the molecular biological and cytological functions of target genes in order to reveal its potential diagnostic and prognostic value as well as its predictive value of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongmei Tian
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Pham L, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Sato K, Meadows V, Meng F, Huang CK, Kundu D, Zhou T, Chen L, Alpini G, Francis H. The interplay between mast cells, pineal gland, and circadian rhythm: Links between histamine, melatonin, and inflammatory mediators. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12699. [PMID: 33020940 PMCID: PMC9275476 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our daily rhythmicity is controlled by a circadian clock with a specific set of genes located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells that play a protective role against pathogens and inflammation. MC distribution and activation are associated with the circadian rhythm via two major pathways, IgE/FcεRI- and IL-33/ST2-mediated signaling. Furthermore, there is a robust oscillation between clock genes and MC-specific genes. Melatonin is a hormone derived from the amino acid tryptophan and is produced primarily in the pineal gland near the center of the brain, and histamine is a biologically active amine synthesized from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine by the L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme. Melatonin and histamine are previously reported to modulate circadian rhythms by pathways incorporating various modulators in which the nuclear factor-binding near the κ light-chain gene in B cells, NF-κB, is the common key factor. NF-κB interacts with the core clock genes and disrupts the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine mediators such as IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α. Currently, there has been no study evaluating the interdependence between melatonin and histamine with respect to circadian oscillations in MCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that restoring circadian rhythms in MCs by targeting melatonin and histamine via NF-κB may be promising therapeutic strategy for MC-mediated inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes recent findings for circadian-mediated MC functional roles and activation paradigms, as well as the therapeutic potentials of targeting circadian-mediated melatonin and histamine signaling in MC-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University – Central Texas, Killeen, TX, USA
| | | | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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32
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Cornwell AC, Feigin ME. Unintended Effects of GPCR-Targeted Drugs on the Cancer Phenotype. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:1006-1022. [PMID: 33198923 PMCID: PMC7672258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common class of therapeutic targets, accounting for ~35% of all FDA-approved drugs. Cancer patients receive numerous medications not only to combat cancer but also to alleviate pain, nausea, and anxiety, many of which target GPCRs. Emerging evidence has implicated GPCRs as drivers of cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. Therefore, the effects of commonly prescribed GPCR-targeted drugs must be reevaluated in the context of cancer. Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicate that widely used GPCR-targeted drugs may promote or inhibit cancer progression. It is crucial that we more fully understand the indirect effects of GPCR-targeted drugs on the cancer phenotype. This review summarizes recent advances in characterizing these interactions and highlights future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Cornwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Feigin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Kundu D, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Alpini G, Francis H. The Dynamic Interplay Between Mast Cells, Aging/Cellular Senescence, and Liver Disease. Gene Expr 2020; 20:77-88. [PMID: 32727636 PMCID: PMC7650013 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15960509906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are key players in acute immune responses that are evidenced by degranulation leading to a heightened allergic response. Activation of mast cells can trigger a number of different pathways contributing to metabolic conditions and disease progression. Aging results in irreversible physiological changes affecting all organs, including the liver. The liver undergoes senescence, changes in protein expression, and cell signaling phenotypes during aging, which regulate disease progression. Cellular senescence contributes to the age-related changes. Unsurprisingly, mast cells also undergo age-related changes in number, localization, and activation throughout their lifetime, which adversely affects the etiology and progression of many physiological conditions including liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells during aging, including features of aging (e.g., senescence) in the context of biliary diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Kundu
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- †Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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34
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Petrescu AD, Grant S, Williams E, Frampton G, Reinhart EH, Nguyen A, An S, McMillin M, DeMorrow S. Ghrelin reverses ductular reaction and hepatic fibrosis in a rodent model of cholestasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16024. [PMID: 32994489 PMCID: PMC7525536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic peptide ghrelin (Ghr) stimulates hunger signals in the hypothalamus via growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). Gastric Ghr is synthetized as a preprohormone which is proteolytically cleaved, and acylated by a membrane-bound acyl transferase (MBOAT). Circulating Ghr is reduced in cholestatic injuries, however Ghr's role in cholestasis is poorly understood. We investigated Ghr's effects on biliary hyperplasia and hepatic fibrosis in Mdr2-knockout (Mdr2KO) mice, a recognized model of cholestasis. Serum, stomach and liver were collected from Mdr2KO and FVBN control mice treated with Ghr, des-octanoyl-ghrelin (DG) or vehicle. Mdr2KO mice had lower expression of Ghr and MBOAT in the stomach, and lower levels of circulating Ghr compared to WT-controls. Treatment of Mdr2KO mice with Ghr improved plasma transaminases, reduced biliary and fibrosis markers. In the liver, GHS-R1a mRNA was expressed predominantly in cholangiocytes. Ghr but not DG, decreased cell proliferation via AMPK activation in cholangiocytes in vitro. AMPK inhibitors prevented Ghr-induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation and negative regulation of cell proliferation. Ghr treatment reduced ductular reaction and hepatic fibrosis in Mdr2KO mice, regulating cholangiocyte proliferation via GHS-R1a, a G-protein coupled receptor which causes increased intracellular Ca2+ and activation of AMPK and FOXO1, maintaining a low rate of cholangiocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Petrescu
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elaina Williams
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Evan H Reinhart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Amy Nguyen
- University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Suyeon An
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Matthew McMillin
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
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Biliary damage and liver fibrosis are ameliorated in a novel mouse model lacking l-histidine decarboxylase/histamine signaling. J Transl Med 2020; 100:837-848. [PMID: 32054995 PMCID: PMC7286781 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by biliary damage and fibrosis. Multidrug resistance-2 gene knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice and PSC patients have increased histamine (HA) levels (synthesized by l-histidine decarboxylase, HDC) and HA receptor (HR) expression. Cholestatic HDC-/- mice display ameliorated biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. The current study evaluated the effects of knockout of HDC-/- in Mdr2-/- mice (DKO) on biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. WT, Mdr2-/- mice, and homozygous DKO mice were used. Selected DKO mice were treated with HA. We evaluated liver damage along with HDC expression and HA serum levels. Changes in ductular reaction were evaluated along with liver fibrosis, inflammation and bile acid signaling pathways. The expression of H1HR/PKC-α/TGF-β1 and H2HR/pERK/VEGF-C was determined. In vitro, cholangiocyte lines were treated with HA with/without H1/H2 inhibitors before measuring: H1/H2HR, TGF-β1, and VEGF-C expression. Knockout of HDC ameliorates hepatic damage, ductular reaction, fibrosis, inflammation, bile acid signaling and H1HR/PKC-α/TGF-β1 and H2HR/pERK/VEGF-C signaling. Reactivation of the HDC/HA axis increased these parameters. In vitro, stimulation with HA increased HR expression and PKC-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF-C expression, which was reduced with HR inhibitors. Our data demonstrate the key role for the HDC/HA axis in the management of PSC progression.
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Kennedy L, Meadows V, Kyritsi K, Pham L, Kundu D, Kulkarni R, Cerritos K, Demieville J, Hargrove L, Glaser S, Zhou T, Jaeger V, Alpini G, Francis H. Amelioration of Large Bile Duct Damage by Histamine-2 Receptor Vivo-Morpholino Treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1018-1029. [PMID: 32142732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histamine binds to one of the four G-protein-coupled receptors expressed by large cholangiocytes and increases large cholangiocyte proliferation via histamine-2 receptor (H2HR), which is increased in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Ranitidine decreases liver damage in Mdr2-/- (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 null) mice. We targeted hepatic H2HR in Mdr2-/- mice using vivo-morpholino. Wild-type and Mdr2-/- mice were treated with mismatch or H2HR vivo-morpholino by tail vein injection for 1 week. Liver damage, mast cell (MC) activation, biliary H2HR, and histamine serum levels were studied. MC markers were determined by quantitative real-time PCR for chymase and c-kit. Intrahepatic biliary mass was detected by cytokeratin-19 and F4/80 to evaluate inflammation. Biliary senescence was determined by immunofluorescence and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by staining for desmin, Sirius Red/Fast Green, and vimentin. Immunofluorescence for transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A/C, and cAMP/ERK expression was performed. Transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A secretion was measured in serum and/or cholangiocyte supernatant. Treatment with H2HR vivo-morpholino in Mdr2-/--mice decreased hepatic damage; H2HR protein expression and MC presence or activation; large intrahepatic bile duct mass, inflammation and senescence; and fibrosis, angiogenesis, and cAMP/phospho-ERK expression. Inhibition of H2HR signaling ameliorates large ductal PSC-induced damage. The H2HR axis may be targeted in treating PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Vik Meadows
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linh Pham
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Medical Science & Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rewa Kulkarni
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karla Cerritos
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Victoria Jaeger
- Department of Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Office of Research, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Sato K, Francis H, Zhou T, Meng F, Kennedy L, Ekser B, Baiocchi L, Onori P, Mancinelli R, Gaudio E, Franchitto A, Glaser S, Alpini G. Neuroendocrine Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Growth. Cells 2020; 9:E436. [PMID: 32069926 PMCID: PMC7072848 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy that emerges from the biliary tree. There are three major classes of CCA-intrahepatic, hilar (perihilar), or distal (extrahepatic)-according to the location of tumor development. Although CCA tumors are mainly derived from biliary epithelia (i.e., cholangiocytes), CCA can be originated from other cells, such as hepatic progenitor cells and hepatocytes. This heterogeneity of CCA may be responsible for poor survival rates of patients, limited effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the lack of treatment options and novel therapies. Previous studies have identified a number of neuroendocrine mediators, such as hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters, as well as corresponding receptors. The mediator/receptor signaling pathways play a vital role in cholangiocyte proliferation, as well as CCA progression and metastases. Agonists or antagonists for candidate pathways may lead to the development of novel therapies for CCA patients. However, effects of mediators may differ between healthy or cancerous cholangiocytes, or between different subtypes of receptors. This review summarizes current understandings of neuroendocrine mediators and their functional roles in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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El Ayadi A, Jay JW, Prasai A. Current Approaches Targeting the Wound Healing Phases to Attenuate Fibrosis and Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031105. [PMID: 32046094 PMCID: PMC7037118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fibrosis results from suboptimal wound healing following significant tissue injury such as severe burns, trauma, and major surgeries. Pathologic skin fibrosis results in scars that are disfiguring, limit normal movement, and prevent patient recovery and reintegration into society. While various therapeutic strategies have been used to accelerate wound healing and decrease the incidence of scarring, recent studies have targeted the molecular regulators of each phase of wound healing, including the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Here, we reviewed the most recent literature elucidating molecular pathways that can be targeted to reduce fibrosis with a particular focus on post-burn scarring. Current research targeting inflammatory mediators, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and regulators of myofibroblast differentiation shows promising results. However, a multimodal approach addressing all three phases of wound healing may provide the best therapeutic outcome.
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Meadows V, Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Meng F, Virani S, Reinhart E, Kyritsi K, Invernizzi P, Yang Z, Wu N, Liangpunsakul S, Alpini G, Francis H. Downregulation of hepatic stem cell factor by Vivo-Morpholino treatment inhibits mast cell migration and decreases biliary damage/senescence and liver fibrosis in Mdr2 -/- mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165557. [PMID: 31521820 PMCID: PMC6878979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by increased mast cell (MC) infiltration, biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. Cholangiocytes secrete stem cell factor (SCF), which is a chemoattractant for c-kit expressed on MCs. We aimed to determine if blocking SCF inhibits MC migration, biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. METHODS FVB/NJ and Mdr2-/- mice were treated with Mismatch or SCF Vivo-Morpholinos. We measured (i) SCF expression and secretion; (ii) hepatic damage; (iii) MC migration/activation and histamine signaling; (iv) ductular reaction and biliary senescence; and (v) hepatic fibrosis. In human PSC patients, SCF expression and secretion were measured. In vitro, cholangiocytes were evaluated for SCF expression and secretion. Biliary proliferation/senescence was measured in cholangiocytes pretreated with 0.1% BSA or the SCF inhibitor, ISK03. Cultured HSCs were stimulated with cholangiocyte supernatant and activation measured. MC migration was determined with cholangiocytes pretreated with BSA or ISK03 loaded into the bottom of Boyden chambers and MCs into top chamber. RESULTS Biliary SCF expression and SCF serum levels increase in human PSC. Cholangiocytes, but not hepatocytes, from SCF Mismatch Mdr2-/- mice have increased SCF expression and secretion. Inhibition of SCF in Mdr2-/- mice reduced (i) hepatic damage; (ii) MC migration; (iii) histamine and SCF serum levels; and (iv) ductular reaction/biliary senescence/hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, cholangiocytes express and secrete SCF. Blocking biliary SCF decreased MC migration, biliary proliferation/senescence, and HSC activation. CONCLUSION Cholangiocytes secrete increased levels of SCF inducing MC migration, contributing to biliary damage/hepatic fibrosis. Targeting MC infiltration may be an option to ameliorate PSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States of America; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Shohaib Virani
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Evan Reinhart
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - Zhihong Yang
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Nan Wu
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States of America; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States of America; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, United States of America.
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Weiskirchen R, Meurer SK, Liedtke C, Huber M. Mast Cells in Liver Fibrogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111429. [PMID: 31766207 PMCID: PMC6912398 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in the connective tissue throughout the body and in mucosa tissue. They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate as MC progenitors in the blood. After migration to various tissues, they differentiate into their mature form, which is characterized by a phenotype containing large granules enriched in a variety of bioactive compounds, including histamine and heparin. These cells can be activated in a receptor-dependent and -independent manner. Particularly, the activation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, also known as FcεRI, that is expressed on the surface of MCs provoke specific signaling cascades that leads to intracellular calcium influx, activation of different transcription factors, degranulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, MCs modulate many aspects in physiological and pathological conditions, including wound healing, defense against pathogens, immune tolerance, allergy, anaphylaxis, autoimmune defects, inflammation, and infectious and other disorders. In the liver, MCs are mainly associated with connective tissue located in the surrounding of the hepatic arteries, veins, and bile ducts. Recent work has demonstrated a significant increase in MC number during hepatic injury, suggesting an important role of these cells in liver disease and progression. In the present review, we summarize aspects of MC function and mediators in experimental liver injury, their interaction with other hepatic cell types, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.W.) (M.H.)
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.W.) (M.H.)
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Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Wu N, Francis H, Yang Z, Chen L, O'Brien A, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Meadows V, Kusumanchi P, Wu C, Baiocchi L, Skill NJ, Saxena R, Sybenga A, Xie L, Liangpunsakul S, Meng F, Alpini G, Glaser S. Knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2 -/- mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). EBioMedicine 2019; 48:130-142. [PMID: 31522982 PMCID: PMC6838376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocytes are the target cells of cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that has been found in various types of mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of vimentin in the progression of biliary damage/liver fibrosis and whether there is a mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2-/- model of PSC. METHODS In vivo studies were performed in 12 wk. Mdr2-/- male mice with or without vimentin Vivo-Morpholino treatment and their corresponding control groups. Liver specimens from human PSC patients, human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiC) and human hepatic stellate cell lines (HHSteCs) were used to measure changes in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). FINDINGS There was increased mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in Mdr2-/- mice, which was reduced by treatment of vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Concomitant with reduced vimentin expression, there was decreased liver damage, ductular reaction, biliary senescence, liver fibrosis and TGF-β1 secretion in Mdr2-/- mice treated with vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Human PSC patients and derived cell lines had increased expression of vimentin and other mesenchymal markers compared to healthy controls and HIBEpiC, respectively. In vitro silencing of vimentin in HIBEpiC suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrotic reaction. HHSteCs had decreased fibrotic reaction and increased cellular senescence after stimulation with cholangiocyte supernatant with reduced vimentin levels. INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrated that knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes, which leads to decreased biliary senescence and liver fibrosis. Inhibition of vimentin may be a key therapeutic target in the treatment of cholangiopathies including PSC. FUND: National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards, VA Merit awards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Nan Wu
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - April O'Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Vik Meadows
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America.
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Sha M, Cao J, Sun HY, Tong Y, Xia Q. Neuroendocrine regulation of cholangiocarcinoma: A status quo review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:66-73. [PMID: 31152820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing studies have demonstrated that neuroendocrine system is involved in the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma. The neuroendocrine hormones, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate cholangiocarcinoma via affecting pathophysiology of tumor cells. The developing interaction and interplay between neuroendocrine-associated factors and tumor cells provide novel insights into neural control of tumorigenesis and reveal potential therapeutic effect on patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Herein we reviewed the latest findings and achievements which demonstrate the close interactions between neuroendocrine regulation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Also, future therapeutic approaches targeting neuroendocrine-associated factors are discussed which may help improve management and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sha
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Han-Yong Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Fouassier L, Marzioni M, Afonso MB, Dooley S, Gaston K, Giannelli G, Rodrigues CMP, Lozano E, Mancarella S, Segatto O, Vaquero J, Marin JJG, Coulouarn C. Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:43-62. [PMID: 30903728 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in a minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options in either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility of advancing the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive and sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts are complicated by the intricate biology of CCA, which integrates not only the driving force of tumour cell-intrinsic alterations at the genetic and epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed to CCA cells by different cell types present in the rich tumour stroma. Herein, we review our current understanding of the mechanistic bases underpinning the activation of major oncogenic pathways causative of CCA pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge is being exploited to implement rationale-based and genotype-matched therapeutic approaches that predictably will radically transform CCA clinical management in the next decade. We conclude by highlighting the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CCA and reviewing innovative approaches to combat resistance at the preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti - University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology Section, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytech., Univ. Paris-Sud, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
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Sato K, Glaser S, Kennedy L, Liangpunsakul S, Meng F, Francis H, Alpini G. Preclinical insights into cholangiopathies: disease modeling and emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:461-472. [PMID: 30990740 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1608950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The common predominant clinical features of cholangiopathies such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and biliary atresia (BA) are biliary damage/senescence and liver fibrosis. Curative therapies are lacking, and liver transplantation is the only option. An understanding of the mechanisms and pathogenesis is needed to develop novel therapies. Previous studies have developed various disease-based research models and have identified candidate therapeutic targets. Areas covered: This review summarizes recent studies performed in preclinical models of cholangiopathies and the current understanding of the pathophysiology representing potential targets for novel therapies. A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the combination of the searched term 'cholangiopathies' with one or two keywords including 'model', 'cholangiocyte', 'animal', or 'fibrosis'. Papers published within five years were obtained. Expert opinion: Access to appropriate research models is a key challenge in cholangiopathy research; establishing more appropriate models for PBC is an important goal. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results and have led to novel therapeutic approaches, especially for PSC. Further studies on the pathophysiology of PBC and BA are necessary to identify candidate targets. Innovative therapeutic approaches such as stem cell transplantation have been introduced, and those therapies could be applied to PSC, PBC, and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- c Department of Medical Physiology , Texas A&M University Collage of Medicine , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Heather Francis
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- a Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA
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Zhan Z, Chen Y, Duan Y, Li L, Mew K, Hu P, Ren H, Peng M. Identification of key genes, pathways and potential therapeutic agents for liver fibrosis using an integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6645. [PMID: 30923657 PMCID: PMC6432904 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is often a consequence of chronic liver injury, and has the potential to progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite being an important human disease, there are currently no approved anti-fibrotic drugs. In this study, we aim to identify the key genes and pathways governing the pathophysiological processes of liver fibrosis, and to screen therapeutic anti-fibrotic agents. Methods Expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R packages (Affy and limma). Gene functional enrichments of each dataset were performed on the DAVID database. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and visualized in Cytoscape software. The hub genes were explored by the CytoHubba plugin app and validated in another GEO dataset and in a liver fibrosis cell model by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The Connectivity Map L1000 platform was used to identify potential anti-fibrotic agents. Results We integrated three fibrosis datasets of different disease etiologies, incorporating a total of 70 severe (F3–F4) and 116 mild (F0–F1) fibrotic tissue samples. Gene functional enrichment analyses revealed that cell cycle was a pathway uniquely enriched in a dataset from those patients infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), while the immune-inflammatory response was enriched in both the HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) datasets, but not in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) dataset. There was overlap between these three datasets; 185 total shared DEGs that were enriched for pathways associated with extracellular matrix constitution, platelet-derived growth-factor binding, protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling. In the PPI network, 25 hub genes were extracted and deemed to be essential genes for fibrogenesis, and the expression trends were consistent with GSE14323 (an additional dataset) and liver fibrosis cell model, confirming the relevance of our findings. Among the 10 best matching anti-fibrotic agents, Zosuquidar and its corresponding gene target ABCB1 might be a novel anti-fibrotic agent or therapeutic target, but further work will be needed to verify its utility. Conclusions Through this bioinformatics analysis, we identified that cell cycle is a pathway uniquely enriched in HBV related dataset and immune-inflammatory response is clearly enriched in the virus-related datasets. Zosuquidar and ABCB1 might be a novel anti-fibrotic agent or target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanqin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Hepatic Disease, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Kenley Mew
- Department of Foreign Language, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Akirin2 is modulated by miR-490-3p and facilitates angiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma through the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30886152 PMCID: PMC6423123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Akirin2 is a key regulator of embryonic development and the innate immunity response. However, this regulator’s role in tumorigenesis especially in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In the current work, we used RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to explore the expression level of Akirin2, and the relationship between Akirin2 levels and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. The biological functions of Akirin2 were examined in vitro and in vivo by using a lentiviral vector system. Luciferase reporter assays were applied to detect the direct binding relationship between the 3′-UTR of Akirin2 mRNA and miR-490-3p. The results showed that Akirin2 was overexpressed in CCA and this upregulation was associated with a shorter overall survival. Silencing or overexpressing Akirin2 by lentiviral approaches significantly influenced CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. An in vivo tumor model further validated the oncogenic effect of Akirin2 on CCA cell growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Akirin2 induced angiogenesis by increasing the expression of VEGFA by activating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Akirin2 promoted cell migratory and invasive potential by affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, Akirin2 expression was negatively controlled by miR-490-3p in CCA cells, and miR-490-3p attenuated cell migration and angiogenesis in CCA cells by silencing Akirin2. Taken together, the data indicated that Akirin2 could be regulated by miR-490-3p at the posttranscriptional level and facilitate CCA cell progression via the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. The present study may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CCA.
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Tolefree JA, Garcia AJ, Farrell J, Meadows V, Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Francis N, Mirabel J, Francis H. Alcoholic liver disease and mast cells: What's your gut got to do with it? LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Virani S, Akers A, Stephenson K, Smith S, Kennedy L, Alpini G, Francis H. Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms during Cholestatic Liver Injury and Cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF LIVER 2018; 7:231. [PMID: 30613437 PMCID: PMC6319937 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury is characterized by damage induced on the biliary tree and cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tree, thus they are termed "cholangiopathies". Cholangiopathies include diseases such as Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Biliary Atresia and Cholangiocarcinoma. These pathologies lack viable therapies and most patients are diagnosed during late stage disease progression (with the exception of Biliary Atresia, which is found shortly after birth). The lack of therapies for these diseases has put a significant burden on the need for liver transplantation as this is the only indicative "cure" for cholangiopathies. The molecular mechanisms for cholangiopathies have been extensively studied; however, and unfortunately, the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutics remains. In this review article we highlight the latest studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating cholangiopathies and the potential therapeutics that might be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohaib Virani
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Austin Akers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Stephenson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
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Mariotti V, Cadamuro M, Spirli C, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M, Fabris L. Animal models of cholestasis: An update on inflammatory cholangiopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:954-964. [PMID: 30398152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a frequent clinical condition initiating or complicating chronic liver diseases, particularly cholangiopathies, where the biliary epithelium is the primary target of the pathogenetic sequence. Until a few decades ago, understanding of cholestasis relied mostly on the experimental model of bile duct ligation in rodents. However, a simple model of biliary obstruction cannot reproduce the complex mechanisms and networks leading to cholestasis in cholangiopathies. These networks are underpinned by an intricate dysregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals involving besides cholangiocytes, multiple cell elements of both innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, in the last years, a wide range of animal models of biliary injury have been developed, mostly in mice, following three main approaches, chemical induction, immunization and genetic manipulation. In this review, we will give an update of the animal models of the two main cholangiopathies, primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis, which have provided us with the most relevant insights into the pathogenesis of these still controversial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mariotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Spirli
- Section of Digestive Disease, Liver Center, Yale University, Yale, USA
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Disease, Liver Center, Yale University, Yale, USA
| | | | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Section of Digestive Disease, Liver Center, Yale University, Yale, USA.
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