1
|
Cheng G, Hu T, Zeng Y, Yan L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xia J, Dong H, Chen D, Cheng T, Peng G, Zhang L. Enhancing immune response, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in growing beagles through a chitooligosaccharide diet. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1283248. [PMID: 38274661 PMCID: PMC10808298 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1283248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have attracted significant attention due to their unique biological activities, water solubility, and absorbable properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of COS-supplemented diets on the immune response, antioxidative capacity, hematology, serum biochemistry, and modulation of intestinal microbiota in growing beagles. Twelve weaning male beagles (6 weeks old; weighing 3.6 ± 0.6 kg) were fed either a control diet (food without COS, n = 6) or a COS-supplemented diet (n = 6) twice daily for 7 weeks. Blood samples collected at weeks 4 and 7 indicated that hematology and serum biochemistry remained unaffected by COS supplementation. Compared with the control group, the test group showed higher levels of serum antibodies against the canine distemper virus and parvovirus, higher levels of immunoglobulin A, G, and M, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, COS was observed to modulate the intestinal flora by enhancing the presence of probiotics, such as Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. In summary, a COS-supplemented diet could effectively improve dog health by regulating immune function and antioxidant responses and modulating intestinal microbiota. This study highlights the potentiality of using COS as a valuable nutraceutical for growing dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Cheng
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangchun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanglu Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - JieYing Xia
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Dong
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang HG, Lim JH, Kim HY, Kim H, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anti-fatigue effect of tormentic acid through alleviating oxidative stress and energy metabolism-modulating property in C2C12 cells and animal models. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:670-681. [PMID: 37529263 PMCID: PMC10375336 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species and free radicals that accelerate inflammatory responses and exacerbate fatigue. Tormentic acid (TA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of present study is to determine the fatigue-regulatory effects of TA in H2O2-stimulated myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells and treadmill stress test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) animal models. MATERIALS/METHODS In the in vitro study, C2C12 cells were pretreated with TA before stimulation with H2O2. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glycogen, and cell viability were analyzed. In the in vivo study, the ICR male mice were administered TA or distilled water orally daily for 28 days. FST and TST were then performed on the last day. In addition, biochemical analysis of the serum, muscle, and liver was performed. RESULTS TA dose-dependently alleviated the levels of MDA, LDH, CK activity, TNF-α, and IL-6 in H2O2-stimulated C2C12 cells without affecting the cytotoxicity. TA increased the SOD and CAT activities and the glycogen levels in H2O2-stimulated C2C12 cells. In TST and FST animal models, TA decreased the FST immobility time significantly while increasing the TST exhaustion time without weight fluctuations. The in vivo studies showed that the levels of SOD, CAT, citrate synthase, glycogen, and free fatty acid were increased by TA administration, whereas TA significantly reduced the levels of glucose, MDA, LDH, lactate, CK, inflammatory cytokines, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cortisol compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS TA improves fatigue by modulating oxidative stress and energy metabolism in C2C12 cells and animal models. Therefore, we suggest that TA can be a powerful substance in healthy functional foods and therapeutics to improve fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Geun Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Lim
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Zhang Q, Tang M, Zhang KP, Zhang XW, Song MM, Ruan GT, Sun Q, Li W, Xu HX, Cong MH, Deng L, Shi HP. Nutrition-inflammation marker enhances prognostic value to ECOG performance status in overweight or obese patients with cancer. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:109-119. [PMID: 35589385 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese cancer patients are more likely to develop a proinflammatory status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nutrition-inflammation marker can provide additional prognostic information on top of well-established Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) in overweight or obese patients with cancer. METHODS A total of 1667 overweight or obese cancer patients were enrolled in this study. We assessed the prediction accuracy of 10 nutrition-inflammation markers by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and elucidated their association with overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox model. RESULTS In this analysis, the majority of patients had a good performance status (ECOG-PS score ≤1; 88.3%). Both the area under ROC curves and the C-index of the lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) demonstrated that LCR was the most significant nutrition-inflammation marker correlated with survival. In patients with good ECOG-PS, a low LCR was significantly associated with poorer prognosisand enhanced the predictive ability of one-year mortality. For specific tumor types, a low LCR was an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer, and colorectal cancer, and it tended to be a significant predictor for breast cancer. In addition, those patients with a combined low LCR and poorer ECOG-PS (ECOG-PS score >1) showed the worst prognosis. CONCLUSION The LCR is more strongly associated with overall survival than other nutrition-inflammation markers, and it is able to further detect patients with worse prognosis on top of ECOG-PS in overweight or obese patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Comprehensive Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Kang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Cong
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu W, Yin C, Zhang T, Wu Y, Huang S. An oxidative stress-related prognostic signature for indicating the immune status of oral squamous cell carcinoma and guiding clinical treatment. Front Genet 2022; 13:977902. [PMID: 36212161 PMCID: PMC9538189 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and presents high mortality. Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species accumulation, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Nevertheless, the specific prognostic and clinical values of oxidative stress-related genes (OSGs) in OSCC remain unclear. Here, we developed an oxidative stress-related prognostic signature according to mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and evaluated its connections with the prognosis, clinical features, immune status, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity of OSCC through a series of bioinformatics analyses. Finally, we filtered out six prognostic OSGs to construct a prognostic signature. On the basis of both TCGA-OSCC and GSE41613 cohorts, the signature was proven to be an independent prognostic factor with high accuracy and was confirmed to be an impactful indicator for predicting the prognosis and immune status of patients with OSCC. Additionally, we found that patients with high-risk scores may obtain greater benefit from immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with low-risk scores, and the risk score presented a close interaction with the tumor microenvironment and chemotherapy sensitivity. The prognostic signature may provide a valid and robust predictive tool that could predict the prognosis and immune status and guide clinicians to develop personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changwei Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shengyun Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhatiya M, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence: The Key Tumor-promoting Factors in Colon Cancer and Beneficial Effects of Polyphenols in Colon Cancer Prevention. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210715165127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Colon tumorigenesis is a sequential process called “Adenoma-carcinoma sequence”. The alimentary
habits, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, inflammatory bowel diseases, family history
of colon cancer, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence are the major risk factor influencing
colon cancer development. Senescence contributes to the aging process as well as the development
and progression of colon cancer. However, the precise mechanism underlying the aging-related
progress of colon cancer is yet to be answered. Recent studies proposed that the senescent cell secretes
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) includes pro-inflammatory cytokines,
interleukins, growth factors, and proteases actively involved in the creation of pro-tumorigenic microenvironment.
Objective:
This review aims to provide an overview of ROS influence cellular senescence and
colon cancer development as well as summarize the antioxidant and antiaging activity of natural
flavonoids. Many of the studies had reported that pro-aging genes suppress cancer and various
‘markers’ are used to identify senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. The SASP of the cells may act as
a link between senescence and cancer.
Conclusion:
This review facilitates a better understanding and might contribute to diagnostic and
prognostic systems as well as to find out the novel and targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally,
we focused on the potential role of natural flavonoids in colon cancer therapies and highlighting
the flavonoid-based treatments as innovative immunomodulatory strategies to inhibit the growth of
colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Bhatiya
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai,India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai,India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai,India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Improvement in Redox Homeostasis after Cytoreductive Surgery in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8864905. [PMID: 34381561 PMCID: PMC8352694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8864905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) as one the most common cancer type is associated with oxidative stress. Surgery is the only curative modality for early-stage CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damage biomarkers as well as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in patients with CRC before and after tumor resection and in healthy controls. 60 patients with stage I/II colorectal adenocarcinoma and 43 healthy controls were recruited in this study. We measured plasma levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, including advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at baseline and after tumor removal. We also evaluated the plasma activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as enzymatic antioxidants and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity. Patients with CRC had significantly higher AGE, AOPP, MDA, and ox-LDL and also FRAP levels and higher SOD and GPx and lower CAT activity levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between redox biomarkers and the size and stage of the tumor. AGEs (72.49 ± 4.7 vs. 67.93 ± 8.8, p < 0.001), AOPP (137.64 ± 21.9 vs. 119.08 ± 33.1, p < 0.001), MDA (3.56 ± 0.30 vs. 3.05 ± 0.33, p < 0.001), and ox-LDL (19.78 ± 0.97 vs. 16.94 ± 1.02, p < 0.001) concentrations reduced significantly after tumor removal. The largest effect sizes were found in ox-LDL (d = -2.853, 95% CI 2.50-3.19) and MDA (d = -1.617, 95% CI 0.43-0.57). Serum FRAP levels (1097.5 ± 156.7 vs. 1239.3 ± 290, p < 0.001) and CAT (2.34 ± 0.34 vs. 2.63 ± 0.38, p < 0.001), GPx (102.37 ± 6.58 vs. 108.03 ± 6.95, p < 0.001), and SOD (5.13 ± 0.39 vs. 5.53 ± 0.31, p < 0.001) activity levels increased significantly after surgery. The largest effect sizes among antioxidants were seen in SOD (d = 1.135, 95% CI 0.46-0.34) and GPx (d = 0.836, 95% CI 0.35-0.23). This study indicated that patients with colorectal cancer had higher levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity compared to healthy controls. After surgical resection of tumor, we observed a substantial improvement in redox homeostasis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings. SIGNALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/signals2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but there is no accurate measurement of oxidative stress or antioxidants that has utility in the clinical setting. Cyclic Voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that has been widely used for analyzing redox status in industrial and research settings. It has also recently been applied to assess the antioxidant status of in vivo biological samples. This systematic review identified 38 studies that used cyclic voltammetry to determine the change in antioxidant status in humans and animals. It focusses on the methods for sample preparation, processing and storage, experimental setup and techniques used to identify the antioxidants responsible for the voltammetric peaks. The aim is to provide key information to those intending to use cyclic voltammetry to measure antioxidants in biological samples in a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062890. [PMID: 33809200 PMCID: PMC8001015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients’ energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of “resistance” and “tolerance” typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to eliminate the cancer, tolerance mechanisms can utilize the symptoms of cachexia (anemia, anorexia, and fatigue) to counteract unregulated cancer growth. These notions are also sustained by the evidence that cancer cachexia may be reversible if the resistance and tolerance phases are supported by appropriate antineoplastic treatments. Accordingly, there is no doubt that anticachectic therapies have an irreplaceable role in cases of reversible cancer cachexia where, if harmoniously associated with effective antineoplastic therapies, they can contribute to preserve the quality of life and improve prognosis. Such anticachectic treatments should be based on targeting the complex immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in the complex pathogenesis of cachexia. Meanwhile, the role of the anticachectic therapies is very different in the stage of irreversible cachexia when the available antineoplastic treatments are not able to control the disease and the resistance mechanisms fail with the prevalence of the tolerance phenomena. At this stage, they can be useful only to improve the quality of life, allowing the patient and their family to get a better awareness of the final phases of life, thereby opening to the best spiritual remodulation of the final event, death.
Collapse
|
9
|
Macciò A, Oppi S, Madeddu C. COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied? J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:28. [PMID: 33550983 PMCID: PMC7868172 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving early diagnosis along with timely and effective treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. However, at present, the mechanisms underlying disease spread and development, defined prognosis, and immune status of patients with COVID-19 remain to be determined. Patients with severe disease state exhibit a hyperinflammatory response associated with cytokine storm syndrome, hypercoagulability, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. These clinical manifestations, sharing similar pathogenesis, have been well-studied in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The present review suggests treatment approaches for COVID-19 based on strategies used against ovarian cancer, which shares similar immunopathology and associated coagulation disorders. The chronicization of the hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 highlights a defective resistance phase that leads to aspecific chronic inflammation, associated with oxidative stress, which impairs specific T-cell response, induces tissue and endothelial damage, and thrombosis associated with systemic effects that lead to severe multi-organ failure and death. These events are similar to those observed in advanced ovarian cancer which share similar pathogenesis mediated primarily by Interleukin-6, which is, as well demonstrated in ovarian cancer, the key cytokine driving the immunopathology, related systemic symptoms, and patient prognosis. Consistent with findings in other disease models with similar immunopathology, such as advanced ovarian cancer, treatment of severe COVID-19 infection should target inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation disorders, and immunodepression to improve patient outcome. Correctly identifying disease stages, based on available laboratory data, and developing a specific protocol for each phase is essential for effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Businco Hospital, "Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione G. Brotzu", Via Jenner, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Sara Oppi
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Businco Hospital, "Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim IG, Cho H, Shin J, Cho JH, Cho SW, Chung EJ. Regeneration of irradiation-damaged esophagus by local delivery of mesenchymal stem-cell spheroids encapsulated in a hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2197-2208. [PMID: 33506817 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a typical treatment for head and neck cancers. Generally, prolonged irradiation of the esophagus causes esophageal fibrosis due to increased reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to determine whether catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-CA) hydrogel-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem-cell spheroids (MSC-SPs) could ameliorate damage to the esophagus in a mouse model of radiation-induced esophageal fibrosis. MSC-SPs were cultured in concave microwells 600 μm in diameter at a cell density of 1 × 106 cells per mL. Most cells formed spheroids with a 100-300 μm size distribution in concave microwells. MSC-SPs were well maintained in the HA gel, and live-dead staining confirmed that most cells survived. The HA gel containing the MSC-SPs was then injected into the damaged esophageal layer. Inflammatory signs or adverse tissue reactions were not observed after esophageal injection of HA-gel-encapsulated MSC-SPs. Based on Masson's trichrome staining at 4 and 12 weeks postinjection, the inner esophageal layer (IEL) was significantly thinner in the MSC-SP + HA gel group compared to those in the other experimental groups. While the saline and HA gel treatments made the esophageal muscles loose and thick, the MSC-SP + HA gel group showed bundles of tightly packed esophageal muscles, as assayed by desmin immunostaining. qPCR analysis showed that epithelial genes tended to increase over time in the MSC-SP + HA gel group, and the expression of most fibrosis-related genes decreased. This study proposes the potential of using HA-CA-hydrogel-encapsulated MSC-SPs as a promising therapy against radiation-induced esophageal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Gul Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, there have been many studies on postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes, but the findings remain controversial. The purpose of the study was to determine the prognostic value of serum inflammatory markers as pretreatment in curatively resected colorectal cancer. The effects of serum inflammatory marker levels on postoperative morbidity were also examined. METHODS Prospectively collected data from 1590 patients with primary sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection between September 2012 and December 2013 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. White blood cell count (× 103/mcl), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) were evaluated. GPS was determined as follows: GPS of 2, elevated CRP level (> 1.0 mg/dl) and hypoalbuminemia (< 3.5 g/dl); GPS of 1, elevated CRP or hypoalbuminemia; and GPS of 0, neither elevated CRP nor hypoalbuminemia. RESULTS The median follow-up period for the 1590 patients was 59 months. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 24.8%. In multivariate analysis, female sex (P = 0.006), rectal cancer other than colon cancer (P < 0.001), CEA level > 5 ng/ml (P < 0.001), ESR > 27 mm/h (P = 0.014), and a GPS of 1 or 2 (P < 0.001) were independent risk predictors for morbidity. A GPS of 1 or 2 (P < 0.001) and postoperative morbidity (P < 0.001) significantly affected both overall survival and disease-free survival in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS A GPS of 1 or 2 is a significant risk factor for postoperative morbidity and a prognostic factor for long-term survival.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu L, Cui H, Xu Y. Quantitative Estimation of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Tissue Cells Through Gene Expression Data Analyses. Front Genet 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32528526 PMCID: PMC7263278 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of the intracellular oxidative stress level is a very important problem since it is the basis for elucidation of the fundamental causes of metabolic changes in diseased human cells, particularly cancer. However, the problem proves to be very challenging to solve in vivo because of the complex nature of the problem. Here a computational method is presented for predicting the quantitative level of the intracellular oxidative stress in cancer tissue cells. The basic premise of the predictor is that the genomic mutation level is strongly associated with the intracellular oxidative stress level. Based on this, a statistical analysis is conducted to identify a set of enzyme-encoding genes, whose combined expression levels can well explain the mutation rates in individual cancer tissues in the TCGA database. We have assessed the validity of the predictor by assessing it against genes that are known to have anti-oxidative functions for specific types of oxidative stressors. Then the applications of the predictor are conducted to illustrate its utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Haining Cui
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gholami M, Larijani B, Zahedi Z, Mahmoudian F, Bahrami S, Omran SP, Saadatian Z, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Taslimi R, Bastami M, Amoli MM. Inflammation related miRNAs as an important player between obesity and cancers. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:675-692. [PMID: 31890692 PMCID: PMC6915181 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing trend in addition to their burden, prevalence, and death has made obesity and cancer two of the most concerning diseases worldwide. Obesity is an important risk factor for common types of cancers where the risk of some cancers is directly related to the obesity. Various inflammatory mechanisms and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been investigated in many previous studies, which play key roles in the pathophysiology and development of both of these conditions. On the other hand, in the recent years, many studies have individually focused on the biomarker's role and therapeutic targeting of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different types of cancers and obesity including newly discovered small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) which regulate gene expression and RNA silencing. This study is a comprehensive review of the main inflammation related miRNAs in obesity/obesity related traits. For the first time, the main roles of miRNAs in obesity related cancers have been discussed in response to the question raised in the following hypothesis; do the main inflammatory miRNAs link obesity with obesity-related cancers regarding their role as biomarkers? Graphical abstractConceptual design of inflammatory miRNAs which provide link between obesity and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Zahedi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Parvizi Omran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao C, Carlson BA, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. The intricate role of selenium and selenoproteins in erythropoiesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:165-171. [PMID: 29719207 PMCID: PMC6168382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is incorporated as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into the growing polypeptide chain of proteins involved in redox gatekeeper functions. Erythropoiesis presents a particular problem to redox regulation as the presence of iron, heme, and unpaired globin chains lead to high levels of free radical-mediated oxidative stress, which are detrimental to erythroid development and can lead to anemia. Under homeostatic conditions, bone marrow erythropoiesis produces sufficient erythrocytes to maintain homeostasis. In contrast, anemic stress induces an alternative pathway, stress erythropoiesis, which rapidly produces new erythrocytes at extramedullary sites, such as spleen, to alleviate anemia. Previous studies suggest that dietary Se protects erythrocytes from such oxidative damage and the absence of selenoproteins causes hemolysis of erythrocytes due to oxidative stress. Furthermore, Se deficiency or lack of selenoproteins severely impairs stress erythropoiesis exacerbating the anemia in rodent models and human patients. Interestingly, erythroid progenitors develop in close proximity with macrophages in structures referred to as erythroblastic islands (EBIs), where macrophage expression of selenoproteins appears to be critical for the expression of heme transporters to facilitate export of heme from macrophage stores to the developing erythroid cells. Here we review the role of Se and selenoproteins in the intrinsic development of erythroid cells in addition to their role in the development of the erythropoietic niche that supports the functional role of EBIs in erythroid expansion and maturation in the spleen during recovery from anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan SC. Low penetrance genetic polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer predisposition. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3010. [PMID: 29424105 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading form of cancer in both males and females. Early detection of individuals at risk of colorectal cancer allows proper treatment and management of the disease to be implemented, which can potentially reduce the burden of colorectal cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the role of genetic susceptibility factors in mediating predisposition to colorectal cancer has become more and more apparent. Identification of high-frequency, low-penetrance genetic polymorphisms associated with the cancer has therefore emerged as an important approach which can potentially aid prediction of colorectal cancer risk. However, the overwhelming amount of genetic epidemiology data generated over the past decades has made it difficult for one to assimilate the information and determine the exact genetic polymorphisms that can potentially be used as biomarkers for colorectal cancer. This review comprehensively consolidates, based primarily on results from meta-analyses, the recent progresses in the search of colorectal cancer-associated genetic polymorphisms, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Attar M, Mansoori M, Shahbazi M. Interleukin-6 Genetic Variation and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in an Iranian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3025-3029. [PMID: 29172275 PMCID: PMC5773787 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite recent decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer, it is still a common type of cancer in the north of Iran. Many evaluations have shown that polymorphisms of cytokine genes like that for interleukin 6 (IL-6), which play important roles in regulation of the immune response, can increase the risk of gastric cancer. This study examined the role of the IL-6-174 gene polymorphism in susceptibility in an Iranian population. Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood of 100 patients and 361 healthy controls. Genotyping was accomplished by the sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method and statistical analyses were carried out using Fisher’s exact test. Frequencies of the IL-6-174 G/C genotypes were determined under co-dominant, dominant, and recessive genetic models. Results: An association between the polymorphism of IL-6 -174 G/C and susceptibility to gastric cancer was observed. The frequency of G allele was higher in patients (78%) than in controls (70.5 %) (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.01-2.20, P=0.04). Conclusions: The high G allele and G/G genotype frequency in patients compared to control subjects suggests that the IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism may influence the susceptibility to gastric cancer. In addition, the demographic information showed that most of the subjects were male (69.0%) that gastric cancer is related to environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Attar
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ozmen HK, Erdemci B, Askin S, Sezen O. Carnitine and Adiponectin Levels in Breast Cancer after Radiotherapy. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:189-194. [PMID: 28730178 PMCID: PMC5506391 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, serum carnitine (CRNT) and adiponectin (APN) levels and the correlation of these parameters in patients with breast cancer before and after treatment with radiotherapy (RT) were determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kiziltunc Ozmen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Burak Erdemci
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Askin
- Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Janus-Faced Role of Antioxidants in Cancer Cachexia: New Insights on the Established Concepts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9579868. [PMID: 27642498 PMCID: PMC5013212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9579868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and excessive loss of skeletal muscle usually occur during cancer cachexia, leading to functional impairment and delaying the cure of cancer. The release of cytokines by tumor promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn regulate catabolic pathways involved in muscle atrophy. ROS also exert a dual role within tumor itself, as they can either promote proliferation and vascularization or induce senescence and apoptosis. Accordingly, previous studies that used antioxidants to modulate these ROS-dependent mechanisms, in cancer and cancer cachexia, have obtained contradictory results, hence the need to gather the main findings of these studies and draw global conclusions in order to stimulate more oriented research in this field. Based on the literature reviewed in this paper, it appears that antioxidant supplementation is (1) beneficial in cancer cachectic patients with antioxidant deficiencies, (2) most likely harmful in cancer patients with adequate antioxidant status (i.e., lung, gastrointestinal, head and neck, and esophageal), and (3) not recommended when undergoing radiotherapy. At the moment, measuring the blood levels of antioxidants may help to identify patients with systemic deficiencies. This approach is simple to realize but could not be a gold standard method for cachexia, as it does not necessarily reflect the redox state in other organs, like muscle.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dirican N, Dirican A, Sen O, Aynali A, Atalay S, Bircan HA, Oztürk O, Erdogan S, Cakir M, Akkaya A. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis: A prognostic biomarker for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer? Redox Rep 2016. [PMID: 26200761 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress and thiol/disulfide status with a novel automated homeostasis assay in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Thirty-five patients with advanced NSCLC, who had been newly diagnosed and previously untreated, and 35 healthy subjects were chosen for the study. We measured plasma total thiol (-SH+-S-S-), native thiol (thiol) (-SH), and disulfide (-S-S-) levels in the patients with NSCLC and the healthy subjects. The thiol/disulfide (-SH/-S-S-) ratio was also calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the patient group and the control group were detected for the thiol/disulfide parameters. The mean native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were significantly lower in the group with advanced stage NSCLC. The cut-off value was 313 and 13.8 for native thiol and disulfide, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with low native thiol and disulfide levels according to the cut-off value (respectively, P = 0.001; P = 0.006). Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were correlated with Karnofsky performance status (KPS), OS, and age. Additionally, hierarchical regression analyses showed gender, KPS, lung metastases, and plasma native thiol levels were the determinants of OS in the final model. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in advanced stage NSCLC, the native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels decrease, while the native thiol/disulfide ratio does not change. Low levels of thiol/disulfide parameters are related to tumor aggressiveness and may predict a poor outcome for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Dirican
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dirican
- b Department of Medical Oncology , State Hospital , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Orhan Sen
- c Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Turkey
| | - Ayse Aynali
- d Department of Clinical Microbiology , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Sule Atalay
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Haci Ahmet Bircan
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Onder Oztürk
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Serpil Erdogan
- e Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Turkey
| | - Munire Cakir
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akkaya
- a Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ribeiro SMDF, Braga CBM, Peria FM, Domenici FA, Martinez EZ, Feres O, da Rocha JJR, da Cunha SFDC. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Defenses and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: a Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:8-16. [PMID: 26066525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral zinc supplementation on antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress markers during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Twenty-four patients who had undergone surgical resection of colorectal cancer participated in this placebo-controlled, prospective randomized study. The supplementation was started in the perioperative period, in which 10 patients received 70 mg of zinc (zinc group, n = 10) and 14 patients received placebo (placebo group, n = 14) for 16 weeks. Approximately 45 days after surgical resection of tumor, all patients received a chemotherapeutic regimen (capecitabine, capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil). Vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane were determined before the first, second, third, and fourth chemotherapy cycles. Compared with the placebo group, the zinc group presented higher SOD values before the first, second, and fourth chemotherapy cycles and lower GPx values before the third cycle. There were no statistical differences between the study groups in vitamin C, vitamin E, MDA, or 8-isoprostane plasma values. Longitudinal analysis revealed decreased vitamin E concentration in the placebo group before the second and fourth cycles as compared with the initial values. Zinc supplementation during chemotherapy cycles increased SOD activity and maintained vitamin E concentrations. Although no effect of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress markers was observed, the increase in SOD activity indicates a production of stable free radicals, which may have a positive effect in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Miranda de Figueiredo Ribeiro
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Bitu Moreno Braga
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maris Peria
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Domenici
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Joaquim Ribeiro da Rocha
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Freire de Carvalho da Cunha
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bosscher MRF, Bastiaannet E, van Leeuwen BL, Hoekstra HJ. Factors Associated with Short-Term Mortality After Surgical Oncologic Emergencies. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:1803-14. [PMID: 26553441 PMCID: PMC4858551 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical outcome of patients with oncologic emergencies is often poor and mortality is high. It is important to determine which patients may benefit from invasive treatment, and for whom conservative treatment and/or palliative care would be appropriate. In this study, prognostic factors for clinical outcome are identified in order to facilitate the decision-making process for patients with surgical oncologic emergencies. METHODS This was a prospective registration study for patients over 18 years of age, who were consulted for surgical oncologic emergencies between November 2013 and April 2014. Multiple variables were registered upon emergency consultation, and the follow-up period was 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 30- and 90-day mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 207 patients experienced surgical oncologic emergencies-101 (48.8 %) men and 106 (51.2 %) women, with a median age of 64 years (range 19-92). The 30-day mortality was 12.6 % and 90-day mortality was 21.7 %. Factors significantly associated with 30-day mortality were palliative intent of cancer treatment prior to emergency consultation (p = 0.006), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS) >0 (p for trend: p = 0.03), and raised lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.001). Additional factors associated with 90-day mortality were low handgrip strength (HGS) (p = 0.01) and low albumin (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Defining the intent of prior cancer treatment and the ECOG-PS are of prognostic value when deciding on treatment for patients with surgical oncologic emergencies. Additional measurements of HGS, LDH, and albumin levels can serve as objective parameters to support the clinical assessment of individual prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R F Bosscher
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harald J Hoekstra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bernardes SS, de Souza-Neto FP, Ramalho LNZ, Derossi DR, Guarnier FA, da Silva CFN, Melo GP, Simão ANC, Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. Systemic oxidative profile after tumor removal and the tumor microenvironment in melanoma patients. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:226-32. [PMID: 25772650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the systemic oxidative changes in patients submitted to primary cutaneous melanoma removal. Cutaneous melanoma is highly aggressive and its incidence is increasing worldwide. We evaluated systemic oxidative stress (OS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) expression in melanoma tissue in relation to the Breslow thickness in patients under surveillance. Forty-three patients with cutaneous melanoma and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to the tumor's Breslow thickness: T1/T2 (<2 mm) and T3/T4 (≥2 mm). Systemic OS and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in plasma, and the 3-NT expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Compared with the controls, the patients had lower blood levels of reduced glutathione, higher malondialdehyde and thiol levels, and a higher total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter to uric acid ratio. The C-reactive protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased only in the T3/T4 group. High levels of 3-NT were present only in T3/T4 patients. Our data suggested that a correlation exists between the Breslow thickness and a systemic pro-oxidant status, and that oxidative changes induced by the melanoma remain in the microenvironment post-surgery, demonstrating a role for oxygen species in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos Bernardes
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pinheiro de Souza-Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rudgeri Derossi
- Londrina Cancer Hospital, Rua Lucilla Ballalai, 212, Londrina, PR 86015-520, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Cássio Fernando Nunes da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pascoal Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahmani A, Abangah G, Moradkhani A, Hafezi Ahmadi MR, Asadollahi K. Coenzyme Q10 in combination with triple therapy regimens ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:842-7. [PMID: 25854786 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection causes oxidative stress in the stomach. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of coenzyme q10 among gastric patients infected by H. pylori. By a clinical trial, chronic gastric patients infected by H. pylori were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention and placebo. The placebo group received a standard triple therapy regimen, and the intervention group received the triple regimen + coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Mean inflammation score; serum levels of 3 serum markers were then compared. A total of 100 participants of whom 67% were female were evaluated. The mean age of participants was 59.4 ± 11.4 years. The mean inflammation score was considerably decreased at the end of the study, in the intervention group. The mean levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) at the end of the study were reduced among the triple therapy group (P < .05, P =.03 respectively). The mean levels of TAC and GPx were significantly higher among the intervention group at the end of the study compared with those at the start of the study. The combination of triple therapy with CoQ10 demonstrated an effective outcome on the mucosal inflammation, and stress oxidative in patients with chronic gastritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ghobad Abangah
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, lIlam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Moradkhani
- Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Khairollah Asadollahi
- Dept. of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suno M, Endo Y, Nishie H, Kajizono M, Sendo T, Matsuoka J. Refractory cachexia is associated with increased plasma concentrations of fentanyl in cancer patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:751-7. [PMID: 26056457 PMCID: PMC4431473 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s79374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An appropriate plasma concentration of fentanyl is the key to achieving good pain control in cancer patients. Cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome, is known to affect drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, the fentanyl concentrations in the blood of patients with cachexia have not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cancer cachexia on dose-adjusted plasma fentanyl concentrations in cancer patients. Methods Blood was collected from 21 Japanese cancer patients treated with a 24-hour trans-dermal fentanyl patch during the steady state of fentanyl plasma concentration. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the levels were adjusted with the dose of fentanyl. Laboratory data were collected, and the cachexia stage was determined, based on study by Fearon et al. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that affected fentanyl plasma concentrations. Results Eight patients were classified as precachexia, nine as cachexia, and four as refractory cachexia, and the median dose-adjusted fentanyl concentrations (ng/mL per mg/kg/day) were 27.5, 34.4, and 44.5, respectively. The dose-adjusted fentanyl concentration in patients with refractory cachexia was higher than that in patients with precachexia (Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test, P<0.01). The factors that were found to possibly affect the dose-adjusted concentration of fentanyl included aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, when analyzed as six independent variables (multiple regression analysis, P<0.05). Conclusion The dose-adjusted plasma concentrations of fentanyl increased with progression of cancer cachexia. Such an increase is associated with a multifactorial and systemic syndrome in cancer cachexia patients, including lower albumin, higher C-reactive protein, and impaired kidney function. In patients with cancer cachexia, we suggest that evaluation of cancer cachexia might help pain management when using a transdermal fentanyl patch in palliative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Suno
- Department of Oncology Pharmaceutical Care and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuriko Endo
- Department of Oncology Pharmaceutical Care and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kajizono
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Couch ME, Dittus K, Toth MJ, Willis MS, Guttridge DC, George JR, Chang EY, Gourin CG, Der-Torossian H. Cancer cachexia update in head and neck cancer: Pathophysiology and treatment. Head Neck 2015; 37:1057-72. [PMID: 24634283 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia remains complex. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 2013 using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Google search engine. In this review, we focus on the different mediators of impaired anabolism and upregulated catabolism that alter the skeletal muscle homeostasis resulting in the wasting of cancer cachexia. We present recent evidence of targeted treatment modalities from clinical trials along with their potential mechanisms of action. We also report on the most current evidence from randomized clinical trials using multimodal treatments in patients with cancer cachexia, but also the evidence from head and neck cancer-specific trials. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome may lead to more effective targeted therapies and improved outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Couch
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kim Dittus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan R George
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hirak Der-Torossian
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jeon S, Hur J, Kim J. DHEA Alleviates Oxidative Stress of Muscle Cells via Activation of Nrf2 Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:22-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Wakabayashi T, Kawashima T, Matsuzawa Y. Evaluation of reactive oxygen metabolites in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy. Multidiscip Respir Med 2014; 9:44. [PMID: 25180083 PMCID: PMC4150680 DOI: 10.1186/2049-6958-9-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) after chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with response to treatment. Methods Fifty-eight untreated NSCLC patients and twenty-three healthy subjects were selected for the study. Patients received two courses of platinum-based chemotherapy and were evaluated for oxidative stress and treatment response. As a marker of reactive oxygen species, ROMs levels were measured using the d-ROMs test. Results ROMs level (mean ± standard deviation) before chemotherapy in NSCLC patients (416 ± 135 U.CARR) was significantly elevated (p = 0.016) compared to normal healthy subjects (320 ± 59 U.CARR). Patients who responded to chemotherapy showed significantly decreased (p = 0.014) ROMs levels after chemotherapy, whereas patients who had stable disease or progressive disease showed no change in ROMs level (p = 0.387). Conclusions NSCLC patients had significantly elevated ROMs levels before chemotherapy compared with normal healthy subjects. Chemotherapy may suppress ROMs production in responders but not in non-responders. ROMs level may be a predictor of clinical outcome in patients receiving chemotherapy for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Wakabayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsuzawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Torres-Mejia G, John EM, Giuliano AR, Hines LM, Stern MC, Baumgartner KB, Presson AP, Wolff RK. Genetic variants in interleukin genes are associated with breast cancer risk and survival in a genetically admixed population: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1750-9. [PMID: 24670917 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are key regulators of immune response. Genetic variation in IL genes may influence breast cancer risk and mortality given their role in cell growth, angiogenesis and regulation of inflammatory process. We examined 16 IL genes with breast cancer risk and mortality in an admixed population of Hispanic/Native American (NA) (2111 cases and 2597 controls) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) (1481 cases and 1585 controls) women. Adaptive Rank Truncated Product (ARTP) analysis was conducted to determine gene significance and lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was used to identify potential gene by gene and gene by lifestyle interactions. The pathway was statistically significant for breast cancer risk overall (P ARTP = 0.0006), for women with low NA ancestry (P(ARTP) = 0.01), for premenopausal women (P(ARTP) = 0.02), for estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ tumors (P(ARTP) = 0.03) and ER-/PR- tumors (P(ARTP) = 0.02). Eight of the 16 genes evaluated were associated with breast cancer risk (IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL2RA, IL4, IL6 and IL10); four genes were associated with breast cancer risk among women with low NA ancestry (IL1B, IL6, IL6R and IL10), two were associated with breast cancer risk among women with high NA ancestry (IL2 and IL2RA) and four genes were associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk (IL1A, IL1B, IL2 and IL3). IL4, IL6R, IL8 and IL17A were associated with breast cancer-specific mortality. We confirmed associations with several functional polymorphisms previously associated with breast cancer risk and provide support that their combined effect influences the carcinogenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100, México, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 84108, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 62508, USA, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 90089-9031, USA
| | - Jennifer S Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100, México, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 84108, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 62508, USA, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 90089-9031, USA
| | - Gabriella Torres-Mejia
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100, México
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 84108, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 62508, USA
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lisa M Hines
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA and
| | - Kathy B Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 90089-9031, USA
| | - Angela P Presson
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100, México, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 84108, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 62508, USA, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 90089-9031, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100, México, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 84108, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 62508, USA, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 90089-9031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pirinççi N, Kaba M, Geçit İ, Güneş M, Yüksel MB, Tanık S, Arslan A, Demir H. Serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:193-9. [PMID: 24081636 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prolidase is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. It plays a vital role in collagen turnover, matrix remodeling, and cell growth. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancers. Oxidative stress can cause tumor angiogenesis and may be carcinogenic. However, the relationship between antioxidant capacity and various cancers has been researched in several clinical trials. In our study, we aimed to identify serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with renal tumors and to evaluate their relationships with each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 male patients with renal cell cancer and with a mean age of 56.28 ± 3.1 were included in the study. The control group comprising 36 male patients (mean age 56.31 ± 2.9) was randomly selected among the volunteers. Serum samples for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels were kept at -20°C until they were used. RESULTS Serum prolidase activity and MDA levels were significantly higher in renal cancer patients than in controls (all, p < 0.05), while SOD, GSHPx, and GST levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased prolidase seems to be related to increased oxidative stress along with decreased antioxidant levels in renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Necip Pirinççi
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaba
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, Van, Turkey
| | - İlhan Geçit
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güneş
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Serhat Tanık
- Department of Urology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Macciò A, Madeddu C. The role of interleukin-6 in the evolution of ovarian cancer: clinical and prognostic implications--a review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1355-68. [PMID: 24057813 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies emphasize the role of inflammation and metabolic changes in the induction of cancer-related symptoms, which can affect cancer evolution and prognosis. These changes result from the interactions between the tumor and the host. To date, however, markers of this peculiar condition, which can help clinicians to manage patients better, have still not been identified with certainty. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) appears to be particularly appropriate to study these interactions because of its biological characteristics, its peculiar evolution, and the relevant scientific evidence available. Immunosuppression, anemia, depression, and weight loss affect the evolution of EOC and appear to be directly related to the immune-metabolic changes. In light of the aforementioned evidence, our review will focus on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its role as potential marker of the patients' immune-metabolic status, to better monitor disease outcome and identify the most appropriate therapeutic strategy in EOC. Furthermore, leptin will be discussed as a sensor of the changes of energy metabolism induced by IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, "A. Businco" Hospital, Regional Referral Center for Cancer Disease, via Edward Jenner, 09121, Cagliari, Italy,
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kishiki T, Masaki T, Matsuoka H, Kobayashi T, Suzuki Y, Abe N, Mori T, Sugiyama M. Modified Glasgow prognostic score in patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer. Am J Surg 2013; 206:234-40. [PMID: 23827511 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified Glasgow prognostic score is an inflammation-based prognostic score. This study examined whether this score, measured before surgical procedures, could predict postoperative cancer-specific survival. METHODS We retrospectively studied 79 colorectal cancer patients who underwent a surgical procedure for incurable stage IV disease. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (0 to 2) comprises C-reactive protein (≤10 vs >10 mg/L) and albumin (<35 vs ≥35 g/L) measurements. RESULTS In terms of overall survival, univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the status of lung metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, distant metastasis, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin, tumor resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and modified Glasgow prognostic score. Multivariate analysis revealed that hemoglobin (P = .019), adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .002), and modified Glasgow prognostic score (0 and 1, low; 2, high) (P = .0001) were significant predictive factors for postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS The modified Glasgow prognostic score is simple to obtain and useful in predicting survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kishiki
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang H, Shen WS, Gao CH, Deng LC, Shen D. Protective effects of salidroside on epirubicin-induced early left ventricular regional systolic dysfunction in patients with breast cancer. Drugs R D 2012; 12:101-6. [PMID: 22770377 PMCID: PMC3585960 DOI: 10.2165/11632530-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salidroside [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside], one of the most potent ingredients extracted from the plant Rhodiola rosea L., has been shown to have a cardiovascular protective effect as an antioxidant, and early treatment of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has been the focus of clinical chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. However, the cardioprotective effects of salidroside on epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, especially early left ventricular regional systolic dysfunction, have to date been sparsely investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of salidroside in preventing early left ventricular regional systolic dysfunction induced by epirubicin. Methods Sixty patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomized to receive salidroside (600 mg/day; n= 30) or placebo (n = 30) starting 1 week before chemotherapy. Patients were investigated by means of echocardiography and strain rate (SR) imaging. We also measured plasma concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All parameters were assessed at baseline and 7 days after each new epirubicin dose of 100 mg/m2. Results A decline of the SR peak was observed at an epirubicin dose of 200 mg/m2, with no significant differences between salidroside and placebo (1.35 ± 0.36 vs 1.42 ± 0.49/second). At growing cumulative doses of epirubicin, the SR normalized only with salidroside, showing a significant difference in comparison with placebo at epirubicin doses of 300 mg/m2 (1.67 ± 0.43 vs 1.32 ± 0.53/second, p< 0.05) and 400 mg/m2 (1.68±0.29 vs 1.40 ± 0.23/second, p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in plasma concentrations of ROS was found with placebo, but they remained unchanged with salidroside. Conclusion Salidroside can provide a protective effect on epirubicin-induced early left ventricular regional systolic dysfunction in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Macciò A, Madeddu C, Mantovani G. Current pharmacotherapy options for cancer anorexia and cachexia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:2453-72. [PMID: 23072481 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.734297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia and cachexia syndrome represents a complex clinical picture that occurs in the late stage of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer. Unless counteracted cancer-related anorexia and cachexia syndrome affects quality of life (QL) and survival. However, to date a standard effective treatment is lacking. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to describe the current pharmacological approaches for anorexia and cachexia syndrome, focusing on cancer-related syndrome. The several pharmacological agents tested so far are discussed, distinguishing them in unproven drugs, effective drugs, and drugs under investigation. Moreover, a section is devoted to the promising use of nutritional supplements and nutraceuticals. The emerging role of a multitargeted combined treatment approach is exhaustively reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Considering the complex clinical picture and the multifactorial pathogenesis of anorexia and cachexia syndrome, we believe that its clinical management requires a multidisciplinary and multipharmacological approach. In our opinion the anorexia and cachexia syndrome treatment should include drugs that target the following conditions: inflammatory status, oxidative stress, nutritional disorders, muscle catabolism, anemia, immunosuppression, and fatigue. The multidimensional therapies for anorexia and cachexia syndrome should ideally be introduced within a context of the "best supportive care," which includes optimal symptom management and careful psychosocial counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Sirai Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carbonia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hayashi T, Morishita Y, Khattree R, Misumi M, Sasaki K, Hayashi I, Yoshida K, Kajimura J, Kyoizumi S, Imai K, Kusunoki Y, Nakachi K. Evaluation of systemic markers of inflammation in atomic-bomb survivors with special reference to radiation and age effects. FASEB J 2012; 26:4765-73. [PMID: 22872680 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Past exposure to atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation has exerted various long-lasting deleterious effects on the health of survivors. Some of these effects are seen even after >60 yr. In this study, we evaluated the subclinical inflammatory status of 442 A-bomb survivors, in terms of 8 inflammation-related cytokines or markers, comprised of plasma levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-4, IL-10, and immunoglobulins, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The effects of past radiation exposure and natural aging on these markers were individually assessed and compared. Next, to assess the biologically significant relationship between inflammation and radiation exposure or aging, which was masked by the interrelationship of those cytokines/markers, we used multivariate statistical analyses and evaluated the systemic markers of inflammation as scores being calculated by linear combinations of selected cytokines and markers. Our results indicate that a linear combination of ROS, IL-6, CRP, and ESR generated a score that was the most indicative of inflammation and revealed clear dependences on radiation dose and aging that were found to be statistically significant. The results suggest that collectively, radiation exposure, in conjunction with natural aging, may enhance the persistent inflammatory status of A-bomb survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami Ward, Hiroshima 732-0815 Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Macciò A, Madeddu C. Inflammation and ovarian cancer. Cytokine 2012; 58:133-47. [PMID: 22349527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly lethal gynecological cancer for which overall prognosis has remained poor over the past few decades. A number of theories have been postulated in an effort to explain the etiology of EOC. Noteworthy, these theories likely are not mutually exclusive, as they all converge more or less on the role of inflammation in promoting ovarian tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The tumor milieu in which ovarian carcinoma develops has been described as one enriched with a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In particular, several of these cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, produced by tumor itself or/and activated immune cells, besides stimulating cancer cell growth, have been shown to influence clinical disease status and prognosis, by reducing responsiveness to chemotherapy and inducing symptoms such as anorexia, altered energy metabolism, anemia, weight loss, depression and fatigue. Recent data show that cytokine antagonists may have a role to play in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Their action by inhibiting both production and activity of inflammatory cytokines seems to obtain the control of angiogenetic and apoptotic events, the reversal of chemoresistance, the improvement of systemic symptoms and prognosis. In the light of our scientific research and the most recent experimental and clinical advances, our review will discuss the most relevant and recent findings on the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis and prognosis of ovarian cancer and the possible therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sirai Hospital, Carbonia, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Macciò A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, Mulas C, Floris C, Sanna E, Cau MC, Panzone F, Mantovani G. A randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment for cachexia in patients with gynecological cancers: evaluating the impact on metabolic and inflammatory profiles and quality of life. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 124:417-25. [PMID: 22198049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gynecological neoplastic disease progression is characterized by specific energy metabolism alterations and by symptoms including fatigue, anorexia, nausea, anemia, and immunodepression, which result in a cachexia syndrome and a marked decrease in patient quality of life (QoL). Therapeutic protocols associated with appropriate and effective psychological and social support systems are essential to counteract the symptoms of neoplastic disease in incurable patients. METHODS A phase III randomized study was performed to establish the most effective and safest treatment to improve the key symptoms in advanced gynecological cancer patients, i.e., lean body mass (LBM), resting energy expenditure (REE), fatigue, and QoL. In addition, the impact of the treatment arms on the main metabolic and inflammatory parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leptin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione peroxidase, was evaluated. The change in the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) during treatment was also assessed. A total of 104 advanced-stage gynecological cancer patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either megestrol acetate (MA) plus l-carnitine, celecoxib, and antioxidants (arm 1) or MA alone (arm 2). The treatment duration was 4 months. RESULTS The combination arm was more effective than arm 2 with respect to LBM, REE, fatigue, and global QoL. As for the secondary efficacy endpoints, patient appetite increased, and ECOG PS decreased significantly in both arms. The inflammation and oxidative stress parameters IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and ROS decreased significantly in arm 1, while no significant change was observed in arm 2. CONCLUSIONS The combined treatment improved both immunometabolic alterations and patient QoL. Multimodality therapies for cachexia ideally should be introduced within a context of "best supportive care" that includes optimal symptom management and careful psychosocial counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sirai Hospital, Carbonia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mohamed J, Wei WL, Husin NNA, Alwahaibi NY, Budin SB. Selenium supplementation reduced oxidative stress in diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:1055-1060. [PMID: 22590839 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.1055.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Selenium in the form of sodium selenite (SSE) is an essential micronutrient which known to possess antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study emphasizes the role of selenium on oxidative stress in experimental rats with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiated and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) promoted multistage hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). Rats were divided randomly into six groups: negative control, positive control (DEN+2-AAF), preventive group (pre-SEE 4 weeks+DEN), preventive control (respective control for preventive group), therapeutic group (DEN+post-SSE 12 weeks) and therapeutic control (respective control for therapeutic group). SSE (4 mg L(-1)) was given to animals before initiation and during promotion phase of HCC. The levels of total protein (TP), conjugated diens (CD), malondialdehyde (MDA), fluorescent pigment (FP), antioxidant activity (AOA) and DNA damage were measured. Supplementation of SSE before the initiation phase of carcinogenicity significantly increased TP and AOA level (p < 0.05) while it decreased the levels of CD, MDA, DNA damage and FP (p < 0.05). Supplementation of SSE during the promotion phase of carcinogenicity significantly decreased the DNA damage and FP level (p < 0.05) and there were negative correlation between the level of AOA and with the level of FP and CD. Thus, supplementation of SSE reduced the adverse changes which occur in liver cancer. However, the chemoprevention effect of SSE was more pronounced when it was supplemented before initiation phase of cancer when compared to promotion phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamaludin Mohamed
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Biancini GB, Vanzin CS, Rodrigues DB, Deon M, Ribas GS, Barschak AG, Manfredini V, Netto CBO, Jardim LB, Giugliani R, Vargas CR. Globotriaosylceramide is correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation in Fabry patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:226-32. [PMID: 22085605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism due to deficient activity of α-galactosidase A that leads to accumulation of the enzyme substrates, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in body fluids and lysosomes of many cell types. Some pathophysiology hypotheses are intimately linked to reactive species production and inflammation, but until this moment there is no in vivo study about it. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines and Gb3 levels in Fabry patients under treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and finally to establish a possible relation between them. We analyzed urine and blood samples of patients under ERT (n=14) and healthy age-matched controls (n=14). Patients presented decreased levels of antioxidant defenses, assessed by reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio in erythrocytes. Concerning to the damage to biomolecules (lipids and proteins), we found that plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl groups and di-tyrosine (di-Tyr) in urine were increased in patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were also increased in patients. Urinary Gb3 levels were positively correlated with the plasma levels of IL-6, carbonyl groups and MDA. IL-6 levels were directly correlated with di-Tyr and inversely correlated with GPx activity. This data suggest that pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant states occur, are correlated and seem to be induced by Gb3 in Fabry patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana B Biancini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas:Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Madeddu C, Dessì M, Panzone F, Serpe R, Antoni G, Cau MC, Montaldo L, Mela Q, Mura M, Astara G, Tanca FM, Macciò A, Mantovani G. Randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment with carnitine + celecoxib ± megestrol acetate for patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Clin Nutr 2011; 31:176-82. [PMID: 22047681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A phase III, randomized non-inferiority study was carried out to compare a two-drug combination (including nutraceuticals, i.e. antioxidants) with carnitine + celecoxib ± megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS): the primary endpoints were increase of lean body mass (LBM) and improvement of total daily physical activity. Secondary endpoint was: increase of physical performance tested by grip strength and 6-min walk test. METHODS Sixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to: arm 1, L-carnitine 4 g/day + Celecoxib 300 mg/day or arm 2, L-carnitine 4 g/day + celecoxib 300 mg/day + megestrol acetate 320 mg/day, all orally. All patients received as basic treatment polyphenols 300 mg/day, lipoic acid 300 mg/day, carbocysteine 2.7 g/day, Vitamin E, A, C. Treatment duration was 4 months. Planned sample size was 60 patients. RESULTS The results did not show a significant difference between tre atment arms in both primary and secondary endpoints. Analysis of changes from baseline showed that LBM (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and by L3 computed tomography) increased significantly in both arms as well as physical performance assessed by 6MWT. Toxicity was quite negligible and comparable between arms. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed a non-inferiority of arm 1 (two-drug combination) vs arm 2 (two-drug combination + megestrol acetate). Therefore, this simple, feasible, effective, safe, low cost with favorable cost-benefit profile, two-drug approach could be suggested in the clinical practice to implement CACS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Disturbances in the glutathione/ophthalmate redox buffer system in the woodchuck model of hepatitis virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2011; 2011:789323. [PMID: 21941408 PMCID: PMC3175733 DOI: 10.1155/2011/789323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The incidence of liver tumors is rising in USA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver oxido-reductive status in the presence of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. Glutathione species and ophthalmate (OA) concentrations were measured by LC-MS in processed plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from infected Woodchuck with hepatitis virus (WHV). Blood samples were obtained from: (i) infected animals with tumors (WHV+/HCC+), (ii) infected animals without tumors (WHV+/HCC−) and (iii) healthy animals (WHC−/HCC−). Results. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the ratio GSH/GSG were lower in plasma from WHV+/HCC+ animals when compared to WHV+/HCC− and WHV−/HCC− (P < 0.01). In contrast, the concentration of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was found to be higher in plasma from WHV+/HCC+ animals when compared to WHV+/HCC− and WHV−/HCC− (P < 0.01). The Glutathione species and its ratio from the RBC compartment were similar among all groups. OA concentration in both plasma and RBC was significantly higher from WHV+/HCC+ when compared to WHV+/HCC− and WHV−/HCC− (P < 0.01). Conclusions. Disturbances of the glutathione redox buffer system and higher concentrations of OA were found in the WCV+/HCC+ animal model. The role of these compounds as biomarkers of early tumor development in patients with end stage liver disease remains to be determined.
Collapse
|
41
|
Preoperative serum oxidative stress marker as a strong indicator of nodal involvement in clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2011; 17:250-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-011-0283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
Increase in preoperative serum reactive oxygen metabolite levels indicates nodal extension in patients with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59:335-40. [PMID: 21547627 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-010-0739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species contribute to various features of malignant tumors, including carcinogenesis, aberrant growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Investigation of serum oxidative stress levels may predict the tumor's condition, including malignant and metastatic potential. METHODS We recruited 46 patients (27 men, 19 women; median age 70 years) with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone pulmonary resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection. Preoperative serum reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels were measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. RESULTS The serum ROM level was significantly correlated with the increase in tumor size (P = 0.018) and pathological nodal extension (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological nodal extension was significantly correlated with the increase in serum ROM level (P = 0.027). The prognostic cutoff value was determined according to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for patients with and those without nodal extension; the cutoff value was determined to be 318 Carratelli units (U.CARR). CONCLUSION The findings of our study revealed that patients with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma and a serum ROM level above 318 U.CARR were likely to develop nodal extension. The finding of a significant correlation between serum ROM level and nodal extension may help in the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Mitochondria control essential cellular activities including generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the regulatory D-loop region and somatic mtDNA mutations are common in primary human cancers. The biological impact of a given mutation may vary, depending on the nature of the mutation and the proportion of mutant mtDNAs carried by the cell. Identification of mtDNA mutations in precancerous lesions supports their early contribution to cell transformation and cancer progression. Introduction of mtDNA mutations in transformed cells has been associated with increased ROS production and tumor growth. Studies reveal that increased and altered mtDNA plays a role in the development of cancer but further work is required to establish the functional significance of specific mitochondrial mutations in cancer and disease progression. This review offers some insight into the extent of mtDNA mutations, their functional consequences in tumorigenesis, mitochondrial therapeutics, and future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chatterjee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Silvério R, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F, Seelaender M. l-carnitine and cancer cachexia: Clinical and experimental aspects. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2:37-44. [PMID: 21475677 PMCID: PMC3063878 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted syndrome characterized, among many symptoms, by extensive muscle wasting. Chronic systemic inflammation, partly triggered and sustained by cytokines, as well as increased oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of this complex metabolic disorder. l-carnitine plays a central role in the metabolism of fatty acids and shows important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Systemic carnitine depletion has been described in several diseases, and it is characterized by fatigue, muscle weakness, and decreased tolerance to metabolic stress. In cachectic cancer patients, low serum carnitine levels have been reported, and this change has been suggested to play an important contributory role in the development of cachexia. Based on these data, carnitine supplementation has been tested in preliminary studies concerning human cachexia, resulting in improved fatigue and quality of life. We present here a review of clinical and experimental evidence regarding the use of carnitine supplementation in the management of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silvério
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 lab 434 CEP 08800-090 São Paulo SP
| | | | | | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 lab 434 CEP 08800-090 São Paulo SP
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The dynamics of glutathione species and ophthalmate concentrations in plasma from the VX2 rabbit model of secondary liver tumors. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2011; 2011:709052. [PMID: 21350723 PMCID: PMC3042630 DOI: 10.1155/2011/709052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Available tumor markers have low sensitivity/specificity for the diagnosis of liver tumors. The present study was designed to evaluate the oxidoreductive status of the liver as surrogates of tumor subsistence and growth. Methods. Glutathione species (GSH:GSSG), ophthalmate (OA) concentrations, and their turnover were measured in plasma of rabbits (n = 6) in their healthy state and in the state of tumor growth after implantation of the VX2 carcinoma in their liver. Tumors were allowed to grow for a period of 14 days when rabbits were sacrificed. Livers were removed and cysteine concentration was measured in liver tissue. Results. Tumor growth was found in 100% of the rabbits. Concentration and labeling of GSH/GSSG were similar in experimental animals before and after tumor implantation and to sham animals. In contrast, OA concentration increased significantly in experimental animals after tumor implantation when compared to same animals prior to tumor implantation and to sham animals (P < .05). The concentration of cysteine, a precursor of GSH, was found to be significantly lower in the liver tissue adjacent to the tumor (P < .05). Conclusion. Disturbances in the oxidoreductive state of livers appear to be a surrogate of early tumor growth.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to reactive oxygen species production. However, clinicians do not have access to bedside measurements of the redox status during HS. Cyclic voltammetry (CyV) is a simple electrochemical method of measuring redox status. The aims of this study were to 1) report the first application of cyclic voltammetry to measure the acute changes in serum redox status after HS, 2) to contrast it with another severe systemic disease with a different redox pathology (acute pancreatitis [AP]), and 3) to describe the response of CyV over time in a resolving model of AP. In the acute study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: groups 1 (control), 2 (AP), and 3 (HS). In the time-course study, 28 rats were randomized to a sham-control as well as 6 and 24 h post-AP cohorts, respectively.Cyclic voltammetry was performed using a three-electrode system. In the acute study, the first and second voltammetric peaks increased significantly in HS. In contrast, within the AP group, only the first voltammetric peak showed a significant increase. The first voltammetric peak correlated with plasma protein carbonyls (PCs) and with thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, whereas the second voltammetric peak correlated positively with plasma protein carbonyls. In the second study, the first voltammetric peak correlated with physiological improvements. Here, we showed that serum CyV could respond to the serum redox change in HS and AP. Cyclic voltammetry warrants evaluation as a potential real-time beside measure of a patient's redox status during shock.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cadeddu C, Piras A, Mantovani G, Deidda M, Dessì M, Madeddu C, Massa E, Mercuro G. Protective effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan on epirubicin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and early ventricular impairment. Am Heart J 2010; 160:487.e1-7. [PMID: 20826257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and RAAS play an important role in the occurrence of anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, inhibits activation of superoxide sources and induces anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS The possible role of telmisartan in preventing myocardial damage induced by epirubicin (EPI) was investigated. Forty-nine patients free from cardiovascular diseases affected by a variety of solid cancers were examined. Eligible patients were randomized to receive telmisartan (40 mg/d; TEL, n = 25) or placebo (PLA, n = 24) starting 1 week before chemotherapy. Patients were studied by means of echocardiography, tissue Doppler, and strain and strain rate (SR) imaging. We also measured plasma levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. All parameters were assessed at baseline and 7 days after every new EPI dose of 100 mg/m(2). RESULTS An impairment of the SR peak was observed at the EPI dose of 200 mg/m(2), with no significant differences between TEL and PLA (1.41 +/- 0.31 vs 1.59 +/- 0.36/s). At growing cumulative doses of EPI, SR normalized only in TEL, showing a significant difference in comparison to PLA at EPI doses of 300 mg/m(2) (1.69 +/- 0.42 vs 1.34 +/- 0.18/s, P < .001) and 400 mg/m(2) (1.74 +/- 0.27 vs 1.38 +/- 0.24/s, P < .001). Moreover, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and interleukin-6 was found in PLA; but these remained unchanged in TEL. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that EPI-induced cardiotoxicity is primarily related to the inactivation of the cardiac antioxidant defenses. In addition, we showed that telmisartan can reduce EPI-induced radical species, antagonize the inflammation, and reverse the early myocardial impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cadeddu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated anemia: regarding molecular mechanisms of erythropoiesis. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2009:405016. [PMID: 20204172 PMCID: PMC2830572 DOI: 10.1155/2009/405016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases is a frequent complication affecting quality of life. For cancer patients it represents a particularly bad prognostic. Low level of erythropoietin is considered as one of the causes of anemia in these pathologies. The deficiency in erythropoietin production results from pro-inflammatory cytokines effect. However, few data is available concerning molecular mechanisms involved in cytokine-mediated anemia. Some recent publications have demonstrated the direct effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell differentiation towards erythroid pathway, without erythropoietin defect. This suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signaling pathways affect erythropoietin activity. They could interfere with erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathways, inducing early apoptosis and perturbing the expression and regulation of specific transcription factors involved in the control of erythroid differentiation. In this review we summarize the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and interferon (IFN)-γ on erythropoiesis with a particular interest for molecular feature.
Collapse
|
49
|
GUPTA A, SRIVASTAVA S, PRASAD R, NATU SM, MITTAL B, NEGI MP, SRIVASTAVA AN. Oxidative stress in non-small cell lung cancer patients after chemotherapy: Association with treatment response. Respirology 2010; 15:349-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Blatt J, Weston B, Gold S. Fatigue as marker of thrombocytopenia in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010; 27:65-7. [PMID: 20121557 DOI: 10.3109/08880010903426767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with ITP are said to be normal apart from bleeding. Review of clinic notes for 27 children seen January-October, 2008 showed that 6 (22%) had a history of fatigue which resolved with improvement of platelet counts. While preliminary, our experience suggests that fatigue can be striking in children with ITP.
Collapse
|