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Zou M, Liang Q, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Xu Y. Causal association between dietary factors and esophageal diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292113. [PMID: 38019753 PMCID: PMC10686502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, our objective was to determine whether there was a causal association between dietary factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus (BE), or esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for eighteen types of dietary intake were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS data for GERD, BE, and EC were sourced from the FinnGen consortium. We performed univariable and multivariable MR analysis to assess the cause effect between dietary factors and esophageal diseases. MR results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Raw vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of GERD (OR = 0.478; P = 0.011). On the contrary, cooked vegetable intake increased the risk of GERD (OR = 1.911; P = 0.024). Bread intake was associated with increased odds of BE (OR = 6.754; P = 0.007), while processed meat intake was associated with reduced risk of BE (OR = 0.210; P = 0.035). We also observed evidence that increased consumption of dried fruit (OR = 0.087; P = 0.022) and salt added to food (OR = 0.346; P = 0.045) could prevent EC. The results of multivariable MR showed that the protective effect of consumption of salt added to food on EC was no longer significant after adjusting for the consumption of dried fruit. CONCLUSION Vegetable consumption was associated with GERD, whereas consumption of bread and processed meat was associated with BE. Dried fruit intake was associated with a lower risk of EC, and the protective effect of consumption of salt added food on EC may also be mediated by consumption of dried fruit. Future research should be performed to investigate the mechanisms behind these cause-and-effect relationships to reduce the burden of disease caused by dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Zou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- Zhuhai Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Xu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nucci D, Marino A, Realdon S, Nardi M, Fatigoni C, Gianfredi V. Lifestyle, WCRF/AICR Recommendations, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 13:3525. [PMID: 34684526 PMCID: PMC8538904 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most notable changes in the epidemiology of esophageal cancer (EC) is the rising incidence and prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in developed countries. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and summarize all the available evidence regarding lifestyle, diet, and EAC risk. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases in January 2021 for studies providing information about lifestyle, diet, WCRF/AICR recommendations, and EAC risk; published in English; without a time filter. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. The results are stratified by risk factor. A total of 106 publications were included. Half of the case-control studies were judged as high quality, whilst practically all cohort studies were judged as high quality. Body mass index and waist circumference were associated with increased EAC risk. Physical activity did not appear to have a significant direct role in EAC risk. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grains appeared to be more protective than a Western diet. Alcohol does not seem to be related to EAC, whereas smokers, particularly heavy smokers, have an increased risk of EAC. Prevention remains the best option to avert EAC. Comprehensible and easy to follow recommendations should be provided to all subjects. Protocol ID number: CRD-42021228762, no funds received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Marino
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto 2, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Oze I, Charvat H, Matsuo K, Ito H, Tamakoshi A, Nagata C, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Naito M, Tanaka K, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Tsugane S, Inoue M. Revisit of an unanswered question by pooled analysis of eight cohort studies in Japan: Does cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking have interaction for the risk of esophageal cancer? Cancer Med 2019; 8:6414-6425. [PMID: 31475462 PMCID: PMC6797581 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are two major risk factors for esophageal cancer. Not all, but several of case-control studies have indicated interaction between the two factors; however, no prospective study has validated this phenomenon to date. Therefore, the interaction between smoking and alcohol drinking is still open-ended question. To answer this, we conducted a pooled analysis using large-scale population-based cohort studies in Japan. Male subjects from eight cohort studies were included. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were both categorized categorically (never/ever), and in the three consumption levels of pack years and ethanol consumption/day. Effects of smoking and drinking in each study were estimated by Cox regression models. The study-specific results were combined through meta-analysis to obtain summary effects of hazard ratios (HRs) and measures of interactions at both additive and multiplicative scales. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) from smoking and drinking were obtained using distributions of exposures and fully adjusted HRs. In 162 826 male subjects, 954 esophageal cancer incidences were identified. HRs of ever smoking, ever drinking, and their combination were 2.92 (1.59-5.36), 2.73 (1.78-4.18), and 8.86 (4.82-16.30), respectively. Interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking was significantly positive on the additive scale, but not significant on the multiplicative scale. The joint effect of smoking and drinking in three levels of evaluation showed a similar significant super-additive interaction. PAFs from smoking, drinking, and their combination were 55.4%, 61.2%, and 81.4%, respectively. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking had a significant positive additive interaction for esophageal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and ControlDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Oral EpidemiologyHiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Saga Medical School, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
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4
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Chai T, Shen Z, Zhang P, Lin Y, Chen S, Zhang Z, Lin W, Kang M, Lin J. Comparison of high risk factors (hot food, hot beverage, alcohol, tobacco, and diet) of esophageal cancer: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15176. [PMID: 31027062 PMCID: PMC6831330 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a poor prognosis and identified as one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Many studies have reported that the incidence of EC is closely related to the intake of alcohol, hot food, and hot beverages, as well as smoking and diet. However, there is a lack of studies on the quantitative analysis of these risk factors for EC. If the solid quantitative evidence of these risk factors is provided for the prevention of EC, the prevalence of EC can be effectively reduced. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of high risk factors for EC in order to provide reliable evidence for the prevention of EC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Google Scholar for related studies published without language restrictions before December 1, 2019. Two review authors will search and assess relevant studies independently. Trials used a case-control, cross-sectional, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and quasi-RCTs will be included. We will perform subgroup analysis in sex, age, ethnicity, and region. RESULTS The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of high risk factors for EC in order to provide reliable evidence for the prevention of EC. However, because of the characteristics of disease and intervention, large-sample trials that meet the inclusion criteria of this study may be insufficient. We will consider including some high-quality small-sample related trials, which may lead to high heterogeneity and affect the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University
| | - Zhimin Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University
| | - Yuhan Lin
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
| | - Zhenyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
| | - Jiangbo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
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5
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Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases affect in many ways the lives of patients, relatives and friends. Common reactions immediately after the diagnosis are shock and denial, frequently followed by depression, anxiety and/or anger. About a third of all cancer patients suffer from a co-morbid mental health condition, requiring professional support by the entire medical team, including psycho-oncologists. Often overlooked issues are financial and social problems due to inability to work or due to out-of-pocket costs for the medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Wang QL, Xie SH, Li WT, Lagergren J. Smoking Cessation and Risk of Esophageal Cancer by Histological Type: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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7
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Matejcic M, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P. Alcohol metabolism and oesophageal cancer: a systematic review of the evidence. Carcinogenesis 2017. [PMID: 28645180 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a major risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most prevalent histological subtype of oesophageal cancer (OC) worldwide. The metabolism of alcohol is regulated by specific enzymes whose activity and expression is influenced by genetic polymorphisms. We conducted a systematic review of current epidemiological evidence of the relationship between alcohol intake and OC risk, including the role of tobacco smoking and functional polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Potential biological mechanisms underlying oesophageal carcinogenesis are also discussed. Frequency and intensity of alcohol intake have been consistently associated with an increased risk of OSCC in regions with low and high incidence of the disease. The highest risk was reported among tobacco smokers, whereas the association between alcohol and OSCC risk was weak in the absence of tobacco use. The ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms influence the risk of OSCC through modulation of acetaldehyde metabolism and propensity to alcohol intake. These functional variants may be suitable proxies of alcohol exposure for use in Mendelian randomization studies if complemented by reported alcohol intake data. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies investigating the role of alcohol consumption in OC development have implicated the microbiome as a new promising avenue for research, which entail novel potential mechanisms of alcohol-related oesophageal carcinogenesis. Microbial communities associated with alcohol consumption might be used as biomarkers to raise the potential of intervening among susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matejcic
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
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8
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Choi YJ, Lee DH, Han KD, Kim HS, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. The relationship between drinking alcohol and esophageal, gastric or colorectal cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study of South Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185778. [PMID: 28973012 PMCID: PMC5626486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic findings of low-volume alcohol consumption in relation to gastrointestinal cancers including gastric cancer are inconsistent. METHODS The association between alcohol intake and esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer risk was examined in a population-based prospective cohort of 23,323,730 adults in Korea who had undergone a biennial evaluation provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation between the years 2009 and 2012. After median 5.4 years of follow-up, 9,171 esophageal, 135,382 gastric and 154,970 colorectal cancer cases were identified. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Light drinking as well as moderate to heavy alcohol consumption significantly increased the risks of the three gastrointestinal cancers (HR 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43-1.60; HR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09; HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11-1.14) compared with non-drinkers after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, exercise, income, body mass index, and diabetes. The synergistically increased cancer risk between excessive amount of alcohol consumption and currently smoking or underweight individuals was observed only in the esophageal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Light drinking including even one alcoholic drink a day is associated with increased risks of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Is there an association between trends in alcohol consumption and cancer mortality? Findings from a multicountry analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 28:45-53. [PMID: 28683009 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis is to examine long-term trends in alcohol consumption and associations with lagged data on specific types of cancer mortality, and indicate policy implications. Data on per capita annual sales of pure alcohol; mortality for three alcohol-related cancers - larynx, esophageal, and lip, oral cavity, and pharynx; and per capita consumption of tobacco products were extracted at the country level. The Unobservable Components Model was used for this time-series analysis to examine the temporal association between alcohol consumption and cancer mortality, using lagged data, from 17 countries. Statistically significant associations were observed between alcohol sales and cancer mortality, in the majority of countries examined, which remained after controlling for tobacco use (P<0.05). Significant associations were observed in countries with increasing, decreasing, or stable trends in alcohol consumption and corresponding lagged trends in alcohol-related cancer mortality. Curtailing overall consumption has potential benefits in reducing a number of harms from alcohol, including cancer mortality. Future research and surveillance are needed to investigate, monitor, and quantify the impact of alcohol control policies on trends in cancer mortality.
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Filiberti RA, Fontana V, De Ceglie A, Blanchi S, Grossi E, Della Casa D, Lacchin T, De Matthaeis M, Ignomirelli O, Cappiello R, Rosa A, Foti M, Laterza F, D'Onofrio V, Iaquinto G, Conio M. Alcohol consumption pattern and risk of Barrett's oesophagus and erosive oesophagitis: an Italian case-control study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1151-1161. [PMID: 28478792 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the association between alcohol and Barrett's oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis is conflicting. In this case-control study we evaluated the role of specific alcoholic beverages (red and white wine, beer and liquors) in 339 Barrett's oesophagus and 462 oesophagitis patients compared with 619 endoscopic controls with other disorders, recruited in twelve Italian endoscopic units. Data on alcohol and other individual characteristics were obtained from structured questionnaires. No clear, monotonic significant dose-response relationship was pointed out for red wine. However, a generalised U-shaped trend of Barrett's oesophagus/oesophagitis risk due to red wine consumption particularly among current drinkers was found. Similar results were also found for white wine. Liquor/spirit consumption seemed to bring about a 1·14-2·30 risk excess, although statistically non-significant, for current Barrett's oesophagus/oesophagitis drinkers. Statistically significant decreasing dose-response relationships were found in Barrett's oesophagus for frequency and duration of beer consumption. Similar, but less clear downward tendencies were also found for oesophagitis patients. In conclusion, although often not statistically significant, our data suggested a reduced risk of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophagitis with a low/moderate intake of wine and beer consumption. A non-significant increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus/oesophagitis was observed with a higher intake of any type of heavy alcohol consumption, but no conclusion can be drawn owing to the high number of non-spirit drinkers and to the small number of drinkers at higher alcohol intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Filiberti
- 1Clinical Epidemiology,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST,Largo R Benzi 10,16132 Genova,Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- 1Clinical Epidemiology,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST,Largo R Benzi 10,16132 Genova,Italy
| | - Antonella De Ceglie
- 2Gastroenterology,General Hospital,Via G Borea 56,18038 Sanremo,Imperia,Italy
| | - Sabrina Blanchi
- 2Gastroenterology,General Hospital,Via G Borea 56,18038 Sanremo,Imperia,Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- 3Medical Department,Bracco Spa,Via E Folli 50,20134 Milan,Italy
| | - Domenico Della Casa
- 4Digestive Endoscopic Surgery,Spedali Civili di Brescia,Piazzale Spedali Civili 1,25123 Brescia,Italy
| | - Teresa Lacchin
- 5Endoscopy,Policlinico San Giorgio,Via Gemelli 10,33170 Pordenone,Italy
| | - Marina De Matthaeis
- 6Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy,Ospedale di Lavagna,ASL 4 Chiavarese,Via Don Bobbio 25,16033 Lavagna,Italy
| | - Orazio Ignomirelli
- 7Endoscopy,IIRCCS,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Basilicata,Via Padre Pio 1,85028 Rionero in Vulture,Potenza,Italy
| | - Roberta Cappiello
- 8Gastroenterology,S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital,Via Piave 54,33170 Pordenone,Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosa
- 1Clinical Epidemiology,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST,Largo R Benzi 10,16132 Genova,Italy
| | - Monica Foti
- 9Gastroenterology,LARC Private Clinic,Cso Venezia 10,10155 Torino,Italy
| | - Francesco Laterza
- 10Department of Internal Medicine,Unit of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology,University Hospital SS.Annunziata, G.D'Annunzio University,Via dei Vestini,66100 Chieti,Italy
| | - Vittorio D'Onofrio
- 11Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy,S. G. Moscati Hospital,Via San Giuseppe Moscati,83100 Avellino,Italy
| | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- 11Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy,S. G. Moscati Hospital,Via San Giuseppe Moscati,83100 Avellino,Italy
| | - Massimo Conio
- 2Gastroenterology,General Hospital,Via G Borea 56,18038 Sanremo,Imperia,Italy
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Vaktskjold A, Ungurjanu TN, Klestsjinov NM. Cancer incidence in the Nenetskij Avtonomnyj Okrug, Arctic Russia. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 67:433-44. [DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v67i5.18359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Gupta V, Ramani P. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of mirror image biopsies in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016; 6:194-197. [PMID: 27761383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The concept of field cancerization has frequently been quoted to explain the occurrence of multiple primary cancers in the head and neck region and recurrence following complete excision of the original tumor. The main objective is to study the occurrence of field changes in mirror image biopsy in relation to histopathological changes in the oral mucosa among oral cancer patients using hematoxylin and eosin and to study the expression pattern of cytokeratin, Ki-67 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and mirror image biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pilot study of 15 patients clinically diagnosed with carcinoma lesion and their corresponding mirror image sites were taken and stained using immunohistochemistry method for the expression of cytokeratin, Ki-67 and p53. RESULTS Primary tumors showed strong positive staining for cytokeratin throughout both the epithelium and malignant epithelial islands but absence of staining for Ki-67 and p53. CONCLUSION CK may be useful in predicting epithelial differentiation and Ki-67 and p53 act as weak indicators of malignant disease progression in oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Gupta
- Department Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College, NH 24, GZB, U.P., India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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d’Onofrio A, Mazzetta C, Robertson C, Smans M, Boyle P, Boniol M. Maps and atlases of cancer mortality: a review of a useful tool to trigger new questions. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:670. [PMID: 27610196 PMCID: PMC5014559 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we illustrate our view on the epidemiological relevance of geographically mapping cancer mortality. In the first part of this work, after delineating the history of cancer mapping with a view on interpretation of Cancer Mortality Atlases, we briefly illustrate the 'art' of cancer mapping. Later we summarise in a non-mathematical way basic methods of spatial statistics. In the second part of this paper, we employ the 'Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the European Union and the European Economic Area 1993-1997' in order to illustrate spatial aspects of cancer mortality in Europe. In particular, we focus on the cancer related to tobacco and alcohol epidemics and on breast cancer which is of particular interest in cancer mapping. Here we suggest and reiterate two key concepts. The first is that a cancer atlas is not only a visual tool, but it also contain appropriate spatial statistical analyses that quantify the qualitative visual impressions to the readers even though at times revealing fallacy. The second is that a cancer atlas is by no means a book where answers to questions can be found. On the contrary, it ought to be considered as a tool to trigger new questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Mazzetta
- IstitutoEuropeo di Oncologia Milano 20141, Italy
- Chiara passed away in November 2010
| | | | - Michel Smans
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
- Strathclyde University, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
- Strathclyde University, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
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Venerito M, Helmke C, Jechorek D, Wex T, Rosania R, Antweiler K, Weigt J, Malfertheiner P. Leukotriene receptor expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer and non-transformed esophageal epithelium: a matched case control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:85. [PMID: 27475906 PMCID: PMC4967508 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4R and LTB4R2) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2) contribute to malignant cell transformation. We aimed to investigate the expression of LTB4R, LTB4R2, CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent non-transformed squamous epithelium of the esophagus, as well as in control biopsy samples from esophageal squamous epithelium of patients with functional dyspepsia. METHODS Expression of LTB4R, LTB4R2, CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in biopsy samples of 19 patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer and 9 sex- and age-matched patients with functional dyspepsia. RESULTS LTB4R, LTB4R2, CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2 were expressed in all biopsy samples. Major findings were: 1) protein levels of all leukotriene receptors were significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell cancer compared to control mucosa (p < 0.05); 2) CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2 gene expression was decreased in cancer tissue compared to control at 0.26-fold and 0.23-fold respectively; 3) an up-regulation of LTB4R (mRNA and protein expression) and a down-regulation of CYSLTR2 (mRNA expression) in non-transformed epithelium of cancer patients compared to control (p < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The expression of leukotriene receptors was deregulated in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Up-regulation of LTB4R and down-regulation of CYSLTR2 gene expression may occur already in normal squamous esophageal epithelium of patients with esophageal cancer suggesting a potential role of these receptors in early steps of esophageal carcinogenesis. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Helmke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Rosania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Antweiler
- Department of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Weigt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Malhotra J, Praud D, Boffetta P. Changes in the Trend of Alcohol-Related Cancers: Perspectives on Statistical Trends. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1661-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Malhotra
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department
of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States
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16
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Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Shared Susceptibility Locus in C20orf54: Evidence from Published Studies. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11961. [PMID: 26154995 PMCID: PMC4495616 DOI: 10.1038/srep11961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether C20orf54 rs13042395 polymorphism modify the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA) in common population. We conducted a systematic literature review and evaluated the quality of included studies based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to estimate the strengths of the associations. 9 articles (10 studies) were identified for synthesis analyses. Overall, the results indicated that the C20orf54 rs13042395 genotype was subtly decrease the risk of ESCC (T vs. C: OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.90–0.99; P = 0.02) and the rs13042395 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of GCA (T vs. C: OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.91–0.98; P < 0.01). The subsets were divided by smoking and drinking status, but none of the genetic comparisons reached statistical significance. Subgroup analysis was also stratified by body mass index (BMI), rs13042395 polymorphism was significantly associated with a subtly decreased cancer risk in under-weight group and normal group, but no association was observed in over-weight group. In conclusion, C20orf54 rs13042395 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased ESCC and GCA risk especially for the subjects with under-weight or normal.
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Alexandre L, Clark AB, Bhutta HY, Holt S, Lewis MPN, Hart AR. Statin use is associated with reduced risk of histologic subtypes of esophageal cancer: a nested case-control analysis. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:661-8. [PMID: 24315828 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) or squamous cell cancer (ESCC) present with advanced, incurable disease. Statins have reported anti-carcinogenic effects and may be chemoprotective. We investigated the association between regular use of statins and the main histologic subtypes of esophageal malignancy (EAC, esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma, and ESCC) in the UK general population. METHODS We identified all individuals in the UK General Practice Research Database diagnosed with esophageal cancer from 2000 through 2009. Patients were linked to the National Cancer Registry to confirm histologic subtypes. Each patient was matched with up to 4 controls for age, sex, and practice. We performed a nested case-control analysis using conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk of each subtype with regular statin use, adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and concomitant use of medications. RESULTS In total, 581 participants with EAC, 213 with esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma, and 332 with ESCC were matched to 2167, 783, and 1242 controls, respectively. Regular statin use was inversely associated with development of EAC (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence interval: 0.39-0.87) (with significant dose and duration responses) and esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (odds ratio = 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.09-0.92) (with high-dose use only). Statin use for 1-4 years was inversely associated with ESCC (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.98). CONCLUSIONS In a nested case-control analysis of a UK population-based cohort, statin use was inversely associated with histologic subtypes of esophageal cancer. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine whether statins have chemopreventive effects in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Alexandre
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Allan B Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hina Y Bhutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Holt
- Roundwell Medical Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P N Lewis
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Hart
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
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18
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Nakagawa K, Koike T, Iijima K, Shinkai H, Hatta W, Endo H, Ara N, Uno K, Asano N, Imatani A, Shimosegawa T. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Japan. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:348-56. [PMID: 24394751 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have simultaneously evaluated the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ER for superficial esophageal cancer in consecutive patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study from a single institution. From April 2001 to June 2012, 204 patients with SCC and 26 patients with AC were included from a total of 355 consecutive patients who were treated by esophageal ER at the Tohoku University Hospital. Patients with submucosal invasion deeper than 200 μm and lymphovascular involvement were excluded. The intervention followed was endoscopic therapy. RESULTS Overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rates were evaluated as long-term outcomes. In the SCC group, during the median observation time of 36.5 months (range, 6-120 months), 22 (10.8%) patients experienced metachronous recurrence, 4 (2.0%) patients experienced local recurrence, and 27 (13.2%) patients died from causes unrelated to SCC. In the AC group, during the median observation time of 45.5 months (range, 6-131 months), one patient (3.8%) experienced metachronous recurrence and two (7.7%) died from causes unrelated to AC. The cumulative 5-year overall survival rates were not significantly different between SCC (75.9%) and AC (88.9%) (P=0.120). The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rates of SCC (57.1%) were significantly lower than those of AC (85.2%; P=0.017). The cumulative 5-year recurrence rates of SCC (32.0%) were significantly higher than those of AC (4.2%; P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The rate of recurrence after ER was higher in patients with SCC than that in patients with AC. These findings suggest that, by detecting AC of the esophagus earlier, a satisfactory prognosis without recurrence can be expected after ER in Japan, and more rigorous endoscopic follow-up is necessary after ER in patients with SCC than in those with AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shinkai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases affect in many ways the lives of patients, relatives and friends. In this chapter, we summarise the current knowledge concerning the psychosocial consequences of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany,
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20
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Singer S, Szalai C, Briest S, Brown A, Dietz A, Einenkel J, Jonas S, Konnopka A, Papsdorf K, Langanke D, Löbner M, Schiefke F, Stolzenburg JU, Weimann A, Wirtz H, König HH, Riedel-Heller S. Co-morbid mental health conditions in cancer patients at working age--prevalence, risk profiles, and care uptake. Psychooncology 2013; 22:2291-7. [PMID: 23494948 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence of mental health conditions in cancer patients, the role of socioeconomic position in relation to that, and the use of professional mental health care. METHODS Prospective cohort with measurements at the beginning of inpatient treatment (baseline) and 3, 9, and 15 months after baseline using structured clinical interviews based on DSM-IV, questionnaires, and medical records. RESULTS At baseline, 149 out of 502 cancer patients (30%) were diagnosed with a mental health condition. Prevalence was associated with unemployment (odds ratio [OR] 2.0), fatigue (OR 1.9), and pain (OR 1.7). Of those with mental health conditions, 9% saw a psychotherapist within 3 months of the diagnosis, 19% after 9 months, and 11% after 15 months. Mental health care use was higher in patients with children ≤18 years (OR 3.3) and somatic co-morbidity (OR 2.6). There was no evidence for an effect of sex on the use of mental health care. CONCLUSION Few cancer patients with psychiatric disorders receive professional mental health care early enough. If patients are unemployed or if they suffer from fatigue or pain, special attention should be paid because the risk of having a mental health condition is increased in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Szalai
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Briest
- Breast Cancer Centre, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Brown
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Dietz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Einenkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Jonas
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Konnopka
- Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Papsdorf
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Langanke
- Breast Cancer Centre, Hospital St. Elisabeth, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Löbner
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational Health, and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Schiefke
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J-U Stolzenburg
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Weimann
- Cancer Centre, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Wirtz
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H H König
- Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Riedel-Heller
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational Health, and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Consumption of alcohol and risk of cancer among men: a 30 year cohort study in Lithuania. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:383-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Sapkota A, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Fabiánová E, Rudnai P, Janout V, Holcatova I, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Hashibe M. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in central and eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 120:90-5. [PMID: 23092716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air pollution from solid fuels is a potentially important risk factor for cancer, yet data on cancers from organs other than the lung are scarce. We investigated if indoor air pollution from coal and wood are risk factors for additional cancers, particularly that of the upper aerodigestive tract (oral cavity, larynx, pharynx and esophagus) in the high-risk areas of central and eastern Europe. METHODS We used data from multi-center hospital-based case-control study of 1065 histologically confirmed upper aerodigestive tract cancer cases and 1346 controls. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on residential fuel use for cooking and heating. Using unconditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Lifelong wood use was associated with pharyngeal and esophageal (OR 4.05, 95% CI: 1.30-12.68 and OR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.21-6.10, respectively). We observed an exposure-response relationship between duration of wood use and risk of pharyngeal cancer among those who had never used coal (P(trend)=0.04), ruling out the possibility of residual confounding by coal. Similarly, we observed an increased risk of laryngeal cancers and head & neck cancers among those who always used coal, with a noted exposure-response relationship (P(trend)<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a possible role of indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in head and neck carcinogenesis in the high risk area of central and eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park School of Public Health, College Park 20742, USA.
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Mota OM, Curado MP, Oliveira JC, Martins E, Cardoso DMM. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil. SAO PAULO MED J 2013; 131:27-34. [PMID: 23538592 PMCID: PMC10852069 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802013000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Esophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls. METHODS The variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION In a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.
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Bezerra de Souza DL, Bernal MM. Incidencia y supervivencia del cáncer de esófago en la provincia de Zaragoza: un estudio de base poblacional. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139:5-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lubin JH, Cook MB, Pandeya N, Vaughan TL, Abnet CC, Giffen C, Webb PM, Murray LJ, Casson AG, Risch HA, Ye W, Kamangar F, Bernstein L, Sharp L, Nyrén O, Gammon MD, Corley DA, Wu AH, Brown LM, Chow WH, Ward MH, Freedman ND, Whiteman DC. The importance of exposure rate on odds ratios by cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption for esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:306-16. [PMID: 22504051 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (EGJA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and alcohol consumption with ESCC. However, no analyses have examined how delivery rate modifies the strength of odds ratio (OR) trends with total exposure, i.e., the impact on the OR for a fixed total exposure of high exposure rate for short duration compared with low exposure rate for long duration. METHODS The authors pooled data from 12 case-control studies from the Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON), including 1242 (EAC), 1263 (EGJA) and 954 (ESCC) cases and 7053 controls, modeled joint ORs for cumulative exposure and exposure rate for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and evaluated effect modification by sex, body mass index (BMI), age and self-reported acid reflux. RESULTS For smoking, all sites exhibited inverse delivery rate effects, whereby ORs with pack-years increased, but trends weakened with increasing cigarettes/day. None of the examined factors modified associations, except for ESCC where younger ages at diagnosis enhanced smoking effects (P<0.01). For EAC and EGJA, ORs with drink-years exhibited inverse associations in <5 drinks/day consumers and no association in heavier consumers. For ESCC, ORs with drink-years increased, with trends strengthening with greater drinks/day. There was no significant effect modification, except for EAC and EGJA where acid reflux mitigated the inverse associations (P=0.02). For ESCC, younger ages at diagnosis enhanced drinking-related ORs (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of ORs by pack-years and drink-years, delivery rate effects and effect modifiers revealed common as well as distinct etiologic elements for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Lubin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tercioti-Junior V, Lopes LR, Coelho-Neto JDS. Adenocarcinoma versus carcinoma epidermóide: análise de 306 pacientes em hospital universitário. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RACIONAL: A literatura médica tem registrado aumento progressivo e significativo da prevalência do adenocarcinoma do esôfago nos últimos anos e este fato tem importância epidemiológica nos tratamentos a serem instituídos, na evolução e prognóstico dos doentes. OBJETIVO: Analisar dados epidemiológicos dos carcinomas epidermóides e adenocarcinomas. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo dos tumores de esôfago em hospital universitário analisando a prevalência dos carcinomas epidermóides e adenocarcinomas, suas respectivas localizações, tipos histopatológicos, os hábitos, as características de cor, sexo, idade e procedência dos doentes. Foram revistos os prontuários dos doentes operados e tratados por adenocarcinomas e carcinomas epidermóides do esôfago no período de 1983 a 2010. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 306 doentes assim distribuídos: 192 (62,7%) portadores de carcinoma espinocelular e 114 (37,3%) de adenocarcinoma de esôfago. Todos foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica (esofagectomia) com intenção curativa. Entre os casos com carcinoma espinocelular os dados obtidos foram: 80,7% brancos, 11,5% pardos, 7,8% negros, 88,0% do gênero masculino, 12,0% do feminino, média de idade 54,7 anos, 88,0% tabagistas e 77,7% etilistas. Entre os doentes com adenocarcinoma os dados obtidos foram: 92,1% brancos, 6,1% pardos, 1,8% negros, 85,1% homens, 14,9% mulheres, média de idade 57,9 anos, 66,7% tabagistas e 45,6% etilistas. CONCLUSÃO: O adenocarcinoma de esôfago tem apresentado incidência mais elevada nos últimos anos e este fato tem importância epidemiológica, nos tratamentos a serem instituídos, na evolução e prognóstico dos doentes.
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Helicobacter pylori infection and fundic gastric atrophy are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:859-64. [PMID: 21811162 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283496469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies from Asia and Northern Europe suggest that apart from alcohol intake and smoking, fundic gastric atrophy (FGA) may also increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, because of the wide geographic variation of this cancer and the changing prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori infection, these findings need to be confirmed in other ethnic groups. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether H. pylori infection and FGA carry an increased risk for OSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS FGA was evaluated, by histology and serology, in 75 patients with OSCC, and 75 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Pepsinogen (PG) I levels 70 μg/ml or less and PG I/II ratio of 3 or less were indicative for FGA. H. pylori infection was defined as positivity to at least one test among histology, rapid urease test, and serology for both general anti-IgG and anti-CagA. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was identically high (70.7%) in both patients with OSCC and controls. FGA diagnosed by serology and histology was not associated with an increased risk for OSCC [odds ratio (OR)=1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.54-2.56 and OR=1.91; 95% CI=0.6-5.99, respectively]. ORs (95% CI) for hazardous alcohol consumption, smoking, and the presence of both risk factors were 5.75 (2.20-15.05), 22.18 (9.41-52.28), and 31.69 (8.39-119.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hazardous alcohol consumption and smoking increase synergistically the risk for developing OSCC. In our population neither H. pylori infection nor FGA was associated with an increased risk for OSCC.
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Gao Y, Hu N, Han XY, Ding T, Giffen C, Goldstein AM, Taylor PR. Risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in Shanxi Province, China: a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:e91-9. [PMID: 21846596 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking and alcohol consumption explain little of the risk for upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer in China, where over half of all cases in the world occur. METHODS We evaluated questionnaire-based risk factors for UGI cancers in a case-control study from Shanxi Province, China, including 600 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs), 599 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCAs), 316 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas (GNCAs), and 1514 age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS Ever smoking and ever use of any alcohol were not associated with risk of UGI cancer; only modest associations were observed between ESCC risk and highest cumulative smoking exposure, as well as GNCA risk and beer drinking. While several associations were noted for socioeconomic and some dietary variables with one or two UGI cancers, the strongest and most consistent relations for all three individual UGI cancers were observed for consumption of scalding hot foods (risk increased 150-219% for daily vs. never users) and fresh vegetables and fruits (risk decreased 48-70% for vegetables and 46-68% for fruits, respectively, for high vs. low quartiles). CONCLUSION This study confirms the minor role of tobacco and alcohol in UGI cancers in this region, and highlights thermal damage as a leading etiologic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking has been related to esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, but the magnitude of the association is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies published up to January 2010. We derived summary estimates using random-effects models. RESULTS Compared with never-smokers, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval = 1.54-2.01) for ever-smokers, 2.32 (1.96-2.75) for current smokers, and 1.62 (1.40-1.87) for ex-smokers. There was no important difference between esophageal (RR = 1.85 for ever- vs. never-smokers) and gastric cardia (RR = 1.76) adenocarcinoma. We found a direct association with dose (RR = 2.48 [2.14-2.86] for ≥ 20 cigarettes/d) and duration (RR = 2.32 [1.92-2.82] for ≥ 40 years) of cigarette consumption. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis estimates the excess of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk for smokers. This risk was similar for the 2 cancer sites.
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30
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Szymańska K, Hung RJ, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Curado MP, Koifman S, Matos E, Menezes A, Fernandez L, Daudt AW, Boffetta P, Brennan P. Alcohol and tobacco, and the risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in Latin America: a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1037-46. [PMID: 21607590 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT; including oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus) have high incidence rates all over the world, and they are especially frequent in some parts of Latin America. However, the data on the role of the major risk factors in these areas are still limited. METHODS We have evaluated the role of alcohol and tobacco consumption, based on 2,252 upper aerodigestive squamous-cell carcinoma cases and 1,707 controls from seven centres in Brazil, Argentina, and Cuba. RESULTS We show that alcohol drinkers have a risk of UADT cancers that is up to five times higher than that of never-drinkers. A very strong effect of aperitifs and spirits as compared to other alcohol types was observed, with the ORs reaching 12.76 (CI 5.37-30.32) for oesophagus. Tobacco smokers were up to six times more likely to develop aerodigestive cancers than never-smokers, with the ORs reaching 11.14 (7.72-16.08) among current smokers for hypopharynx and larynx cancer. There was a trend for a decrease in risk after quitting alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking for all sites. The interactive effect of alcohol and tobacco was more than multiplicative. In this study, 65% of all UADT cases were attributable to a combined effect of alcohol and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS In this largest study on UADT cancer in Latin America, we have shown for the first time that a prevailing majority of UADT cancer cases is due to a combined effect of alcohol and tobacco use and could be prevented by quitting the use of either of these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szymańska
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon Cedex, France
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Tramacere I, Pelucchi C, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, Corrao G, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Negri E. A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:287-97. [PMID: 21551004 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to provide a precise quantification of the association between alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of available data. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 20 case-control and 4 cohort studies, including a total of 5500 cases. We derived meta-analytic estimates using random-effects models, taking into account correlation between estimates, and we carried out a dose-risk analysis using nonlinear random-effects meta-regression models. RESULTS The relative risk (RR) for drinkers versus nondrinkers was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.09] overall, 0.87 (95% CI 0.74-1.01) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and 0.89 (95% CI 0.76-1.03) for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled RRs were 0.86 for light (≤ 1 drink per day), 0.90 for moderate (1 to < 4 drinks per day), and 1.16 for heavy (≥ 4 drinks per day) alcohol drinking. The dose-risk model found a minimum at 25 g/day, and the curve was < 1 up to 70 g/day. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides definite evidence of an absence of association between alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk, even at higher doses of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tramacere
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
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Islami F, Fedirko V, Tramacere I, Bagnardi V, Jenab M, Scotti L, Rota M, Corrao G, Garavello W, Schüz J, Straif K, Negri E, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Alcohol drinking and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with focus on light-drinkers and never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2473-84. [PMID: 21190191 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of the association between alcohol drinking and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an open issue, particularly among light alcohol drinkers, never-smokers, and Asian populations, in which some high-risk polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes are more prevalent. To address these issues, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using 40 case-control and 13 cohort studies that reported on the risk associated with alcohol drinking for at least three levels of consumption. In studies adjusted for age, sex, and tobacco smoking, the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between light alcohol drinking (≤ 12.5 g/d) and risk of ESCC was 1.38 (1.14-1.67). The association was slightly stronger in Asian countries than in other populations. The adjusted RRs (95% CIs) were 2.62 (2.07-3.31) for moderate drinking (>12.5-<50 g/d) and 5.54 (3.92-7.28) for high alcohol intake (≥50 g/d); the RRs were slightly higher in non-Asian populations. In prospective studies, the RR (95% CI) was 1.35 (0.92-1.98) for light, 2.15 (1.55-2.98) for moderate, and 3.35 (2.06-5.46) for high alcohol intakes; light drinking showed an association with ESCC in Asia (five studies) but not in other regions (three studies). Among never-smokers (nine studies), the RR (95% CI) was 0.74 (0.47-1.16) for light, 1.54 (1.09-2.17) for moderate, and 3.09 (1.75-5.46) for high intakes. This meta-analysis further corroborates the association of moderate and high alcohol intake with risk of ESCC and provides risk estimates based on multiple prospective studies. Light alcohol intake appears to be associated to ESCC mainly in studies in Asia, which suggests a possible role of genetic susceptibility factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Thongsuksai P, Boonyaphiphat P, Puttawibul P, Sudhikaran W. Specific intronic p53 mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Southern Thailand. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5359-66. [PMID: 21072901 PMCID: PMC2980687 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i42.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate p53 mutations in esophageal cancer in a high-risk population, and correlate them with smoking, alcohol consumption and betel chewing. METHODS One hundred and sixty-five tumor samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) obtained from a university hospital in Songkhla province, Southern Thailand were investigated for p53 mutations in exons 5-8, using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, followed by direct sequencing. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was additionally used to confirm possible germline mutation in intron 6. A history of risk habits was obtained by interviews. The association between risk habits and mutation frequency was evaluated using the χ(2) test. RESULTS The studied specimens were from 139 male and 26 female patients with ESCC, treated at Songklanagarind Hospital. Most of the patients were smokers (86.7%) and alcohol consumers (72.73%), and 38.3% were betel chewers. Forty-three mutations of the p53 gene were detected in 25.5% (42/165) of tumor samples. Mutations were most commonly found in exon 5 (25.6%) and exon 8 (25.6%). Mutations in the hot-spot codon 248 were found in four cases (9.3% of all mutations). G:C→C:G (30.23%), G:C→A:T (27.90%) and G:C→T:A (16.28%) were the prevalent spectra of mutations. Unexpectedly, among 10 intronic mutations, eight cases harbored a similar mutation: G→C substitution in intron 6 (nucleotide 12759, GenBank NC_000017). These were additionally confirmed by the RFLP technique. Similar mutations were also detected in their matched blood samples using RFLP and direct sequencing, which suggested germline mutations. There was no significant correlation between risk habits and p53 mutation frequency. CONCLUSION A proportion of Thai ESCC patients harbored specific intronic p53 mutations, which might be germline mutations. Further studies are needed to explore this novel finding.
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Rota M, Bellocco R, Scotti L, Tramacere I, Jenab M, Corrao G, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P, Bagnardi V. Random-effects meta-regression models for studying nonlinear dose-response relationship, with an application to alcohol and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Stat Med 2010; 29:2679-87. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fucic A, Gamulin M, Ferencic Z, Rokotov DS, Katic J, Bartonova A, Lovasic IB, Merlo DF. Lung cancer and environmental chemical exposure: a review of our current state of knowledge with reference to the role of hormones and hormone receptors as an increased risk factor for developing lung cancer in man. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:849-55. [PMID: 20805318 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310378136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a dominant cause of cancer mortality. The etiology of lung cancer is mainly related to cigarette smoking, airborne genotoxic carcinogens, and arsenic, but its sex-specific incidence suggests that other mechanisms, such as hormones, may also be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. A number of agents commonly present in the living environment can have dual biological effects: not only are they genotoxic / carcinogenic, but they are also hormonally active as xenoestrogens. This dualism may explain sex-specific differences reported in both types and incidence of lung cancer. In a novel approach to investigate the complexity of lung cancer, etiology, including systems biology, will be used as a tool for a simultaneous interpretation of measurable environmental and biological parameters. Using this approach, the etiology of human lung cancer can be more thoroughly investigated using the available data from oncology and environmental health. The information gained could be applied in the introduction of preventive measures, in personalized medicine, and in more relevant legislation, which should be adjusted to reflect the current knowledge on the complex environmental interactions underlying this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chung CS, Lee YC, Wang CP, Ko JY, Wang WL, Wu MS, Wang HP. Secondary prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in areas where smoking, alcohol, and betel quid chewing are prevalent. J Formos Med Assoc 2010; 109:408-21. [PMID: 20610142 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is ranked as the sixth most common cause of cancer death worldwide and has a substantial effect on public health. In contrast to adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus in Western countries, the major disease phenotype in the Asia-Pacific region is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which is attributed to the prevalence of smoking, alcohol, and betel quid chewing. Despite a multidisciplinary approach to treating esophageal cancer, the outcome remains poor. Moreover, field cancerization reveals that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is closely linked with the development of head and neck cancers that further sub-optimize the treatment of patients. Therefore, preventive strategies are of paramount importance to improve the prognosis of this dismal disease. Since obstacles exist for primary prevention via risk factor elimination, the current rationale for esophageal cancer prevention is to identify high-risk groups at earlier stages of the disease, and encourage them to get a confirmatory diagnosis, prompt treatment, and intensive surveillance for secondary prevention. Novel biomarkers for identifying specific at-risk populations are under extensive investigation. Advances in image-enhanced endoscopy do not just substantially improve our ability to identify small precancerous or cancerous foci, but can also accurately predict their invasiveness. Research input from the basic sciences should be translated into preventive measures in order to decrease the disease burden of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shuan Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ansary-Moghaddam A, Huxley RR, Lam TH, Woodward M. The risk of upper aero digestive tract cancer associated with smoking, with and without concurrent alcohol consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:392-403. [PMID: 19642154 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and alcohol are major causal factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancer, but reliable quantification of the combined impact of smoking and alcohol on this cancer and its major subtypes has not been performed. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies that had published quantitative estimates of smoking and upper aerodigestive tract cancer by January 2007 was performed. Pooled estimates of relative risks were obtained. Publication bias was investigated through funnel plots and corrected if found to be present. RESULTS Overall, 85 studies with information on 53,940 individuals with upper aerodigestive tract cancer were included. The pooled estimate for the association between smoking and the risk of this cancer was 3.47 (95% confidence interval, 3.06-3.92). The risk remained elevated for a decade after smoking cessation but declined thereafter. Individuals who both smoked and consumed alcohol had double the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in comparison with those who only smoked: the relative risk was 6.93 (95% confidence interval, 4.99-9.62) for the former and 2.56 (95% confidence interval, 2.20-2.97) for the latter (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Public health interventions that simultaneously discourage smoking and heavy drinking would have greater benefits than would be expected from those that target only one of these risk factors.
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Hagymási K, Tulassay Z. [Risk factors for esophageal cancer, and possible genetic background]. Orv Hetil 2009; 150:407-13. [PMID: 19228569 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2009.28558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer mortality, with increasing incidence. 95% of the esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Although they differ in histology and epidemiology, some of their risk factors (smoking, dietary factors) and their pathogenesis are the same. More than 90% of esophageal cancer is diagnosed in late stage. Despite the development of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, esophageal cancer has poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates between 10-13%. Understanding the exact pathogenesis can help the prevention of this highly aggressive cancer, with the use of natural substances and nonsteroid inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Hagymási
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088 Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Molekuláris Medicina Kutatócsoport Budapest.
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Pandeya N, Williams G, Green AC, Webb PM, Whiteman DC. Alcohol consumption and the risks of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1215-24, e1-2. [PMID: 19250648 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol has been declared a carcinogen for cancers of the esophagus, although the evidence relates largely to the squamous subtype. Evidence for an effect on adenocarcinomas is scant and inconsistent. METHODS We compared nationwide samples of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (n=365) or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJAC) (n=426) or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (n=303) with controls sampled from a population register (n=1580). We used generalized additive models to assess nonlinear effects of self-reported alcohol intake on cancer risk, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic and piecewise regression. RESULTS We observed no association between average weekly alcohol intake and EAC or EGJAC risk. For ESCC, the relationship with alcohol was nonlinear. At intakes of less than 170 g/wk there was no significant association; at greater than this level, there was a significant linear effect (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05 per 10 g alcohol/wk). For ESCC, but not EAC or EGJAC, a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between smoking and alcohol was observed (P=.02). In analyses by beverage type, ESCC risks, but not EAC or EGJAC, increased linearly with beer intake (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07). Those who drank modest levels of wine (<50-90 g/wk) or port or spirits (<10-20 g/wk) had significantly lower risks of all 3 cancers than nondrinkers; higher intakes were associated with increased risks of ESCC only. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake above the recommended US dietary guidelines significantly increases the risk of ESCC, but not EAC or EGJAC. Smoking modifies the effect of alcohol intake on ESCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Pandeya
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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40
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Jessup MA, Song Y. Tobacco-related practices and policies in residential perinatal drug treatment programs. J Psychoactive Drugs 2009; Suppl 5:357-64. [PMID: 19248393 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2008.10400663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite serious health consequences from high rates of smoking among perinatal women, smoking cessation and/or nicotine treatment practices have yet to be broadly adopted into perinatal substance abuse treatment settings. This correlational cross-sectional survey examined tobacco-related policies, practices, knowledge, and attitudes of 31 directors of perinatal residential substance abuse treatment programs in California. We found that the directors' programs had limited on-site adoption of evidence-based practices for smoking cessation, and that directors had gaps in their knowledge of perinatal tobacco effects. Implications for tobacco policy initiatives in perinatal substance abuse treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Jessup
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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Anderson LA, Cantwell MM, Watson RGP, Johnston BT, Murphy SJ, Ferguson HR, McGuigan J, Comber H, Reynolds JV, Murray LJ. The association between alcohol and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:799-805. [PMID: 19162028 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol consumption may increase gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, cause damage to the esophageal mucosa, and/or promote carcinogenesis. However, reports about the association between alcohol and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma are conflicting. METHODS Information relating to alcohol consumption, at age 21 and 5 years before the interview date, was collected from 230 reflux esophagitis, 224 Barrett's esophagus, and 227 esophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 frequency-matched population controls. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare alcohol consumption in the 3 case groups to controls with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Population controls reporting gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were less likely than controls without symptoms to drink alcohol 5 years before the interview date (odds ratio [OR], 0.44, 0.20-0.99). No associations were observed between total alcohol consumption 5 years before the interview date and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.26, 0.78-2.05; OR, 0.72, 0.43-1.21; and OR, 0.75, 0.46-1.22, respectively). Wine was inversely associated with reflux esophagitis (OR, 0.45, 0.27-0.75). Total alcohol consumption at age 21 years was significantly associated with reflux esophagitis (OR, 2.24, 1.35-3.74) but not with Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.06, 0.63-1.79 and OR, 1.27, 0.77-2.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption in early adulthood may lead to the development of reflux esophagitis. More recent alcohol consumption does not appear to confer any increased risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or esophageal adenocarcinoma. In fact, wine consumption may reduce the risk of these 3 esophageal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Allen NE, Beral V, Casabonne D, Kan SW, Reeves GK, Brown A, Green J. Moderate alcohol intake and cancer incidence in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:296-305. [PMID: 19244173 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exception of breast cancer, little is known about the effect of moderate intakes of alcohol, or of particular types of alcohol, on cancer risk in women. METHODS A total of 1,280,296 middle-aged women in the United Kingdom enrolled in the Million Women Study were routinely followed for incident cancer. Cox regression models were used to calculate adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 21 site-specific cancers according to amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS A quarter of the cohort reported drinking no alcohol; 98% of drinkers consumed fewer than 21 drinks per week, with drinkers consuming an average of 10 g alcohol (1 drink) per day. During an average 7.2 years of follow-up per woman 68,775 invasive cancers occurred. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with increased risks of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (increase per 10 g/d = 29%, 95% CI = 14% to 45%, Ptrend < .001), esophagus (22%, 95% CI = 8% to 38%, Ptrend = .002), larynx (44%, 95% CI = 10% to 88%, Ptrend = .008), rectum (10%, 95% CI = 2% to 18%, Ptrend = .02), liver (24%, 95% CI = 2% to 51%, Ptrend = .03), breast (12%, 95% CI = 9% to 14%, Ptrend < .001), and total cancer (6%, 95% CI = 4% to 7%, Ptrend < .001). The trends were similar in women who drank wine exclusively and other consumers of alcohol. For cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, the alcohol-associated risk was confined to current smokers, with little or no effect of alcohol among never and past smokers (P(heterogeneity) < .001). Increasing levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer (Ptrend = .005), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Ptrend = .001), and renal cell carcinoma (Ptrend = .03). CONCLUSIONS Low to moderate alcohol consumption in women increases the risk of certain cancers. For every additional drink regularly consumed per day, the increase in incidence up to age 75 years per 1000 for women in developed countries is estimated to be about 11 for breast cancer, 1 for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 1 for cancer of the rectum, and 0.7 each for cancers of the esophagus, larynx and liver, giving a total excess of about 15 cancers per 1000 women up to age 75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Allen
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
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Fan Y, Yuan JM, Wang R, Gao YT, Yu MC. Alcohol, tobacco, and diet in relation to esophageal cancer: the Shanghai Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:354-63. [PMID: 18444169 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701883011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prospective data on environmental exposures, especially with respect to alcohol, tobacco, and diet, in relation to the risk of esophageal cancer in high-risk populations are sparse. We analyzed data from a population-based cohort of 18,244 middle-aged and older men in Shanghai to identify risk factors for esophageal cancer in this high-risk population. The cohort was followed through 2006, and 101 incident esophageal cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between exposures and esophageal cancer risk. With adjustment for tobacco use and other potential confounders, regular drinkers vs. nondrinkers of alcoholic beverages had a twofold risk of developing esophageal cancer (HR=2.02, 95% CI=1.31-3.12). With adjustment for alcohol and other potential confounders, long-term smokers (40+ yr) vs. nonsmokers of cigarettes showed a twofold risk of developing esophageal cancer (HR=2.06, 95% CI=1.11-3.82). Increased consumption of fruits (including oranges/tangerines), seafood, and milk were found to be protective against the development of esophageal cancer; HRs were decreased by 40-60% for high vs. low consumers after adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Fan
- The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Abstract
This study reviews the association between alcohol, tobacco, and the risk of cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract (i.e. oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, and esophagus) and liver. Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are the major risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, accounting for a large proportion (i.e. about three-quarters) of cases in developed countries. Consumption amount is the strongest alcohol-related determinant of risk, whereas the pattern of alcohol-related risk with duration is inconsistent. Both dose and duration of smoking have important effects on the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The combined exposure to alcohol and tobacco has a multiplicative effect on carcinogenesis of this tract. Alcohol and tobacco consumption are also causally related to liver cancer, although the associations are moderate and a lower fraction of neoplasms is attributable to these factors as compared with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. An interaction between alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking has been reported, but the issue is not adequately assessed.
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Pandeya N, Williams GM, Sadhegi S, Green AC, Webb PM, Whiteman DC. Associations of duration, intensity, and quantity of smoking with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:105-14. [PMID: 18483122 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for esophageal cancer; however, there is evidence that magnitudes and patterns of association differ by histologic type. The authors aimed to measure and compare the independent effects of various dimensions of smoking (duration, intensity, total dose, and time since quitting) on risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJAC), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). They used data from a population-based Australian case-control study (2002-2005) comprising 367 EAC cases, 426 GEJAC cases, and 309 ESCC cases and 1,580 controls. Multivariate logistic and generalized additive logistic regression (for nonlinear dose effects) were used. Ever smokers had significantly higher risks of EAC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3), GEJAC (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.2), and ESCC (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.0) than did never smokers; however, there were significant differences in magnitude and patterns of association between subtypes. When multiple dimensions of smoking were assessed concurrently, duration was significantly associated with all three subtypes but intensity was associated only with GEJAC and ESCC, and the associations were nonlinear. For all types of esophageal cancer, time since quitting was independently associated with approximately 15-19% risk reductions per decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Pandeya
- Population Studies and Human Genetics Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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46
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Sadeghi S, Bain CJ, Pandeya N, Webb PM, Green AC, Whiteman DC. Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and the Risks of Cancers of the Esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1169-78. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Bujas T, Pavić I, Leniček T, Mijić A, Krušlin B, Tomas D. Peritumoral Retraction Clefting Correlates with Advanced Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:443-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Archer J, Hutchison I, Korszun A. Mood and malignancy: head and neck cancer and depression. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:255-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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49
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Milano F, Rygiel AM, Buttar N, Bergman JJGHM, Sondermeijer C, van Baal JWPM, ten Brinke A, Kapsenberg M, van Ham SM, Peppelenbosch MP, Krishnadath KK. An ex vivo readout for evaluation of dendritic cell-induced autologous cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against esophageal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1967-77. [PMID: 17564704 PMCID: PMC11030633 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly malignant disease that despite surgery and adjuvant therapies has an extremely poor outcome. Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy as a novel promising strategy could be an alternative for treating this malignancy. Effective DC-mediated immune responses can be achieved by raising cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against multiple antigens through loading DCs with total tumor RNA. However, the efficacy of this strategy first needs to be evaluated in a pre-clinical setting. The aim of the study was to set up an ex vivo autologous human readout assay for assessing the effects of DC-mediated cytotoxic responses, using total tumor RNA as an antigen load. Biopsy specimens of seven esophageal cancer patients were used to establish primary cultures of normal and cancer cells and to obtain autologous RNA for loading DCs. Mature DCs loaded with either normal or tumor RNA were obtained and subsequently used to raise various lymphocytes populations. Apoptosis levels of the autologous cultures were measured before and after incubating the cultures with the different lymphocytes populations. The mean apoptosis levels in the tumor cell cultures, induced by lymphocytes instructed by DCs loaded with tumor RNA, significantly increased with 15.6% +/-2.9 SEM (range 3.4-24.5%, t-test, P < 0.05). Incubation of the normal cultures with the lymphocytes populations showed a mean non-significant increase in apoptosis of 0.4% +/-3.4 SEM (range -13.9 to 9.8%, t-test, P = 0.7). Here, we introduce a practical, patient-specific autologous readout assay for pre-clinical testing of DC-mediated cytotoxic responses. Additionally, we demonstrated that the use of autologous tumor RNA as a strategy for raising cytotoxic responses against multiple tumor antigens could be effective for treating esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Milano
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka M. Rygiel
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navtej Buttar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carine Sondermeijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine W. P. M. van Baal
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martien Kapsenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Küry S, Buecher B, Robiou-du-Pont S, Scoul C, Sébille V, Colman H, Le Houérou C, Le Neel T, Bourdon J, Faroux R, Ollivry J, Lafraise B, Chupin LD, Bézieau S. Combinations of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms enhancing the risk for sporadic colorectal cancer related to red meat consumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1460-7. [PMID: 17627011 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) is generally thought to be the sum of complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors, all of which contribute independently, producing only a modest effect on the whole phenomenon. However, to date, most research has concealed the notion of interaction and merely focused on dissociate analyses of risk factors to highlight associations with CRC. By contrast, we have chosen a combinative approach here to explore the joint effects of several factors at a time. Through an association study based on 1,023 cases and 1,121 controls, we examined the influence on CRC risk of environmental factors coanalyzed with combinations of six single nucleotide polymorphisms located in cytochrome P450 genes (c.-163A>C and c.1548T>C in CYP1A2, g.-1293G>C and g.-1053C>T in CYP2E1, c.1294C>G in CYP1B1, and c.430C>T in CYP2C9). Whereas separate analyses of the SNPs showed no effect on CRC risk, three allelic variant combinations were found to be associated with a significant increase in CRC risk in interaction with an excessive red meat consumption, thereby exacerbating the intrinsic procarcinogenic effect of this dietary factor. One of these three predisposing combinations was also shown to interact positively with obesity. Provided that they are validated, our results suggest the need to develop robust combinative methods to improve genetic investigations into the susceptibility to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Küry
- Laboratoire d'Etude de l'ADN, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
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