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Wang J, Li W, Huang X, Liu Y, Li Q, Zheng Z, Wang K. A polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:610-623. [PMID: 27888812 PMCID: PMC5352182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effect of Lentinan is thought rely on the activation of immune responses; however, little is known about whether Lentinan also directly attacks cancer cells. We therefore investigated the direct antitumor activity of SLNT (a water-extracted polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes) and its probable mechanism. We showed that SLNT significantly inhibited proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells and suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Annxein V-FITC/PI, DAPI, AO/EB and H&E staining assays all showed that SLNT induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. SLNT induced apoptosis by activating Caspase-3 via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, which presented as the activation of Caspases-9 and -8, upregulation of cytochrome c and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, downregulation of NF-κB, and overproduction of ROS and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO or antioxidant NAC blocked SLNT-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that SLNT exerts direct antitumor effects by inducing cell apoptosis via ROS-mediated intrinsic and TNF-α-mediated extrinsic pathways. SLNT may thus represent a useful candidate for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Pharmacy, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
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Molecular Characteristics of Water-Soluble Extracts fromHypsizigus marmoreusand Theirin VitroGrowth Inhibition of Various Cancer Cell Lines and Immunomodulatory Function in Raw 264.7 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:891-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Mizuno M, Nishitani Y. Immunomodulating compounds in Basidiomycetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:202-7. [PMID: 23704809 PMCID: PMC3652302 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are distinguished as important food containing immunomodulating and anticancer agents. These compounds belong mostly to polysaccharides especially β-d-glucans. Among them, β-1,3-glucan with side chain β-1,6-glucose residues have more important roles in immunomodulating and antitumor activities. In this review, we have introduced polysaccharide mainly from Lentinula edodes and Agaricus blazei Murill with immunomodulating and antitumor activities. In addition, the mechanism of activation of immune response and signal cascade are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishitani
- Team of Health Bioscience, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Wu H, Tao N, Liu X, Li X, Tang J, Ma C, Xu X, Shao H, Hou B, Wang H, Qin Z. Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes inhibits the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51751. [PMID: 23272159 PMCID: PMC3525656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing the function of immune suppressor cells may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we have isolated a novel polysaccharide MPSSS (577.2 Kd) from Lentinus edodes and examined its effects on differentiation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MPSSS is composed of glucose (75.0%), galactose (11.7%), mannose (7.8%), and xylose (0.4%). In vivo, it inhibits the growth of McgR32 tumor cells, which is correlated with a reduced percentage of MDSCs in peripheral blood. In vitro, it induces both morphological and biophysical changes in MDSCs. Importantly, MPSSS up-regulates MHC II and F4/80 expression on MDSCs, and reverses their inhibition effect on CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism study shows that MPSSS may stimulate MDSCs through a MyD88 dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Together, we demonstrated for the first time that MPSSS stimulates the differentiation of MDSCs and reverses its immunosuppressive functions, shedding new light on developing novel anti-cancer strategies by targeting MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ning Tao
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chungwah Ma
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BH); (HW); (ZQ)
| | - Hui Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (BH); (HW); (ZQ)
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BH); (HW); (ZQ)
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Xu X, Chen P, Zhang L, Ashida H. Chain structures of glucans from Lentinus edodes and their effects on NO production from RAW 264.7 macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thetsrimuang C, Khammuang S, Chiablaem K, Srisomsap C, Sarnthima R. Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of crude polysaccharides from Lentinus polychrous Lév. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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St Denis TG, Aziz K, Waheed AA, Huang YY, Sharma SK, Mroz P, Hamblin MR. Combination approaches to potentiate immune response after photodynamic therapy for cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:792-801. [PMID: 21479313 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as a cancer therapy for forty years but has not advanced to a mainstream cancer treatment. Although it has been shown to be an efficient way to destroy local tumors by a combination of non-toxic dyes and harmless visible light, it is its additional effects in mediating the stimulation of the host immune system that gives PDT great potential to become more widely used. Although the stimulation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells that can destroy distant tumor deposits after PDT has been reported in some animal models, it remains the exception rather than the rule. This realization has prompted several investigators to test various combination approaches that could potentiate the immune recognition of tumor antigens that have been released after PDT. This review will cover these combination approaches using immunostimulants including various microbial preparations that activate Toll-like receptors and other receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cytokines growth factors, and approaches that target regulatory T-cells. We believe that by understanding the methods employed by tumors to evade immune response and neutralizing them, more precise ways of potentiating PDT-induced immunity can be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G St Denis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Zhang Y, Li S, Wang X, Zhang L, Cheung PC. Advances in lentinan: Isolation, structure, chain conformation and bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of Lentinus edodes polysaccharide on oxidative stress, immunity activity and oral ulceration of rats stimulated by phenol. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The pharmacological effect of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes on the oxidative status and expression of VCAM-1mRNA of thoracic aorta endothelial cell in high-fat-diet rats. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Hu Y, He X, Lei L, Liang S, Qiu G, Hu X. Preparation and characterization of self-assembled nanoparticles of the novel carboxymethyl pachyman-deoxycholic acid conjugates. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhang L. Gel formation and low-temperature intramolecular conformation transition of a triple-helical polysaccharide lentinan in water. Biopolymers 2008; 89:852-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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The Nature of Immunopotentiation by the Anti-Tumour Polysaccharide Lentinan and the Significance of Biogenic Amines in its Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470720011.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Shen J, Ren H, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Suga Y, Suga T, Kuwano Y, Iiai T, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Potentiation of intestinal immunity by micellary mushroom extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 28:71-7. [PMID: 17510491 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.28.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom (shiitake) extracts were dispersed with lecithin micelles to prepare superfine particles (0.05 to 0.2 microm in diameter) of beta-1,3-glucan (micellary mushroom extracts). When mice were fed with these micelles of beta-glucan (0.75 mg/day/mouse, smaller amounts of beta-glucan), the number of lymphocytes yielded by the small intestine increased by up to 40%. More interestingly, the ratio of CD8alphabeta(+)TCRalphabeta(+) cells/CD8alphaalpha(+)TCRalphabeta(+) cells increased prominently. In parallel with this deviation in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, tumor cytotoxicity against P815 cells and cytokine productions were also augmented. In other words, phylogenetically developed lymphocytes (CD8alphabeta(+), TCRalphabeta(+)) were much more effectively activated by the oral administration of micellary beta-glucan. These results suggest that smaller amounts of micellary beta-glucan might be useful for the potentiation of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Shen
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Dornberger K, Gutsche W, Horschak R, Zureck A. Suche nach Nucleinsäurestoffwechsel-beeinflussenden sowie membranaktiven potentiell cancerostatisch wirksamen Pilzinhaltsstoffen durch mikrobiologische und cytologische Screeningmethoden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19780180904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zeković DB, Kwiatkowski S, Vrvić MM, Jakovljević D, Moran CA. Natural and modified (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in health promotion and disease alleviation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 25:205-30. [PMID: 16419618 DOI: 10.1080/07388550500376166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional role is a mystery, in others it is well established. Because of their insoluble chemical nature, particulate (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are not suitable for many medical applications. Various methods of changing or modifying the beta-D-glucan chemical structure and transforming it to a soluble form have been published. The beta-D-glucan bioactive properties can be affected positively or negatively by such modifications. This review examines beta-glucan sources in nature, health effects and structure-activity relationships. It presents the current state of beta-D-glucan solubilization methods and discusses their effectiveness and application possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje B Zeković
- Alltech's North American Bioscience Center, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
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Surenjav U, Zhang L, Xu X, Zhang X, Zeng F. Effects of molecular structure on antitumor activities of (1→3)-β-d-glucans from different Lentinus Edodes. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Hou X, Zeng F. Correlation of structure to antitumor activities of five derivatives of a beta-glucan from Poria cocos sclerotium. Carbohydr Res 2005; 339:2567-74. [PMID: 15476718 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A water-insoluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan isolated from fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos was, respectively, sulfated, carboxymethylated, methylated, hydroxyethylated, and hydroxypropylated, to afford five water-soluble derivatives. Their weight-average molecular masses (Mw) and intrinsic viscosities ([eta]) were determined by size-exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), LLS, and viscometry in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 degrees C. The antitumor activities, against Sarcoma 180 tumor cell (S-180) and gastric carcinoma cell strain (MKN-45 and SGC-7901) of the native beta-glucan and the five derivatives, were tested in vitro and in vivo. The Mw values of the five derivatives in PBS were determined to be 3.8 x 10(4), 18.9 x 10(4), 16.0 x 10(4), 76.8 x 10(4), and 224.3 x 10(4), respectively. The high Mw values of the hydroxyethylated and hydroxypropylated derivatives in aqueous solution resulted from aggregation, and their true Mw values obtained in dimethyl sulfoxide were 20.1 x 10(4) and 19.1 x 10(4). The sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives having DS of 1.0-1.3 show good water solubility, and exist as relatively expanded chains in aqueous solution. Interestingly, the native beta-glucan did not show antitumor activity, whereas the sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives exhibit significant antitumor activities against S-180 and gastric carcinoma tumor cells. This work showed that good water solubility, relatively high chain stiffness, and moderate molecular mass of the derivatives in aqueous solution contribute beneficial to enhancement of antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Won EK, Zahner MC, Grant EA, Gore P, Chicoine MR. Analysis of the antitumoral mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide against glioblastoma multiforme. Anticancer Drugs 2003; 14:457-66. [PMID: 12853889 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200307000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antitumoral effect upon glioblastoma, including whether the lipid A subunit alone can elicit glioblastoma regression, whether dexamethasone suppresses this response to LPS, whether B and T lymphocytes factor in this response, and whether this antitumoral effect of LPS provides resistance against subsequent challenge with glioblastoma. Mice (BALB/c, nude or SCID) implanted with s.c. DBT glioblastomas were treated with LPS (with or without dexamethasone) or with lipid A. A subset of BALB/c mice in which s.c. DBT glioblastomas had previously been eradicated using LPS were re-implanted with s.c. or intracranial (i.c.) DBT cells. For mice with s.c. tumors, mean tumor masses (MTM) were compared between groups. Survival was compared for mice with i.c. tumors. Lipid A caused near complete tumor regression of DBT glioblastomas in BALB/c mice (p<0.0001). Dexamethasone did not alter the antitumoral effect of LPS (p=0.48). LPS reduced the MTM of s.c. glioblastomas in T lymphocyte-deficient nude mice, but not as effectively as in immunocompetent mice. The antitumoral response to LPS for T and B lymphocyte-deficient SCID mice bearing DBT glioblastomas was similar to that for nude mice. Eradication of s.c. DBT glioblastoma in BALB/c provided partial resistance to subsequent challenge with s.c. or i.c. glioblastoma. We conclude that the LPS-mediated antitumoral response against glioblastoma is dependent upon the lipid A subunit of LPS, partially dependent upon T lymphocytes, independent of B lymphocytes, unaffected by dexamethasone and provides partial protection against subsequent challenges with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Ng ML, Yap AT. Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes). J Altern Complement Med 2002; 8:581-9. [PMID: 12470439 DOI: 10.1089/107555302320825093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lentinan was extracted from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) via a new cost-effective procedure that resulted in high purity (88%) and yield. Unlike previous reports whereby the lentinan was given parenterally, in this study the emphasis was on the oral administration of lentinan. The goal is to document whether the efficacy of the antitumor property is still expressed through this route of administration. DESIGN Initial study on the action of lentinan was conducted using murine lymphoma (K36) cells in a AKR mouse model. Further investigation on the effectiveness of the extracted lentinan was then performed using human colon-carcinoma cell lines in mice. Six established human colon-carcinoma cell lines segregated into three groups of different degrees of differentiation were used in this study. One group was not fed (control) and the second group was prefed with lentinan for 7 days prior to inoculations with the cancer cells. The size of the tumors that developed was rated after 1 month. RESULTS Significant regression in tumor formation was observed in prefed mice compared to control (unfed) mice when K36 or human colon-carcinoma cells were used. Significant reductions in the size of the tumors were observed in mice prefed with lentinan. Follow-up investigation proceeded with the use of nude mice (athymic). Lymphocytes extracted from AKR mice prefed with lentinan for 7 days were inoculated into the nude mice. This was then followed by inoculation of the human colon-carcinoma cell lines into these mice. Much smaller tumors were formed in nude mice inoculated with lymphocytes, in contrast to the larger tumor formed in nude mice without lymphocytes inoculation. CONCLUSION This study showed that the antitumor property of lentinan was maintained with oral administration. In addition, "primed" lymphocytes, when given passively to immunodeficient mice, were able to retard the development of tumors in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah-Lee Ng
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Zhang P, Zhang M, Li X. Triple Helix of β-D-Glucan from Lentinus Edodes in 0.5 M NaCl Aqueous Solution Characterized by Light Scattering. Polym J 2001. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.33.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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MIZUNO M, MINATO KI, KAWAKAMI S, TATSUOKA S, DENPO Y, TSUCHIDA H. Contents of Anti-Tumor Polysaccharides in Certain Mushrooms and Their Immunomodulating Activities. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2001. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.7.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sun AS, Ostadal O, Ryznar V, Dulik I, Dusek J, Vaclavik A, Yeh HC, Hsu C, Bruckner HW, Fasy TM. Phase I/II study of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients taking a specific dietary supplement. Nutr Cancer 1999; 34:62-9. [PMID: 10453443 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc340109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This phase I/II study evaluates the influence of selected vegetables (SV) that contain known antitumor components on the survival of stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. All patients were treated with conventional therapies. SV was added to the daily diet of 5 stage I patients in the toxicity study group (TG) and 6 stage III and IV patients in the treatment group (SVG), but not to the diet of 13 stage III and IV patients in the control group (CG). Age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and body mass index of SVG and CG patients were comparable at entry. KPS declined in the CG patients (79 +/- 8 to 55 +/- 11) but improved in the SVG patients (75 +/- 8 to 80 +/- 13) one to three months after entry. Weight change in the CG, SVG, and TG patients was -12 +/- 5%, -2 +/- 2%, and +4 +/- 4%, respectively. The median survival time and mean survival of the CG patients were 4 and 4.8 months, but in the SVG patients they were 15.5 and 15 months (p < 0.01). No clinical signs of toxicity were found in the TG patients in the 24-month study period. Adding SV to the daily diet of NSCLC patients was found to be nontoxic and associated with improved weight maintenance, KPS, and survival of stage III and IV NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sun
- Connecticut Institute for Aging and Cancer, Milford 06460, USA
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Minato K, Mizuno M, Terai H, Tsuchida H. Autolysis of lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide, during storage of Lentinus edodes, shiitake mushroom. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:1530-1532. [PMID: 10564011 DOI: 10.1021/jf981022w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lentinan contents in the Lentinus edodes fruit body during storage were examined by ELISA method using anti-lentinan antibodies. The lentinan content (12.8 mg.g(-)(1) dw) before storage decreased to 3.7 mg.g(-)(1) dw over 7 days at 20 degrees C. However, it only slightly decreased at 1 degrees C and only decreased to 9.3 mg. g(-)(1) dw at 5 degrees C. Glucanase activity, which seems to be associated with lentinan degradation, increased more during storage of L. edodes at 20 degrees C than it did at lower temperatures. In addition, only glucose was detected as a degraded product from lentinan by the glucanase. This suggested that this enzyme would fit the profile of an exo-type glucanase. Also, polyphenol oxidase activity, known as an index of freshness reduction in the mushroom, increased approximately 2.7-fold (to 61.5 units.mg(-)(1)) over 7 days during storage at 20 degrees C. However, its activity changed little during storage at lower temperatures. These results indicate that the reduction during storage of the quality of L. edodes as a functional food is accompanied by the decrease of lentinan, and by browning, and that exo-glucanase plays an important role in the decrease of lentinan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Minato
- Division of Science of Biological Resources, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan
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Kumazawa E, Jimbo T, Akimoto T, Joto N, Tohgo A. Antitumor effect of DT-5461, a lipid A derivative, against human tumor xenografts is mediated by intratumoral production of tumor necrosis factor and affected by host immunosuppressive factors in nude mice. Cancer Invest 1997; 15:522-30. [PMID: 9412657 DOI: 10.3109/07357909709047593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that DT-5461, a synthetic low-toxic lipid A analog, inhibits growth of various murine tumors through activation of host immune systems. In the present study, DT-5461 also exhibited significant antitumor effects against 5 out of 6 human tumor xenografts in nude mice. The antitumor activity was similar to or greater than those of chemotherapeutics. Antitumor effects of DT-5461 significantly correlated with intratumoral levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced by the compound (r = 0.701, p < 0.05). In vitro TNF production by DT-5461-stimulated macrophages was augmented by tumor cells, and the augmentative effect correlated with TNF activity detected in these tumor tissues. Meanwhile, a weaker therapeutic efficacy of DT-5461 was observed against certain tumors that caused a significant increase in the level of immunosuppressive factors in host blood. These findings support the idea that intratumoral TNF plays a crucial role in the antitumor mechanisms of DT-5461 and suggest that its antitumor action is influenced by an augmentative effect of tumor cells on TNF production and by blood levels of immunosuppressive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kumazawa
- Exploratory Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Kerékgyártó C, Virág L, Tankó L, Chihara G, Fachet J. Strain differences in the cytotoxic activity and TNF production of murine macrophages stimulated by lentinan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1996; 18:347-53. [PMID: 9024935 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(96)00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lentinan, a glucan type immunomodulatory polysaccharide was studied on the antitumor cytotoxicity and on the TNF secretion of peritoneal macrophages in inbred H-2 congeneic mouse strains under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The cytotoxic activity and TNF secretion of murine macrophages was found to be elevated by lentinan in vitro and in vivo conditions. The effectiveness of lentinan to induce cytotoxicity and TNF secretion was highly influenced by the genotype of the host. The increased cytotoxicity of macrophages was modified by the H-2 and the background genes. The black background and the H-2a and H-2d haplotypes were associated with high responsiveness, while the albino and agouti background and the H-2b and the H-2k haplotypes with low responsiveness to lentinan treatment. The degree of TNF secretion of macrophages stimulated by lentinan was influenced by the H-2 genes only. Similarly, to the macrophage cytotoxicity the TNF secretion in the H-2a and H-2d haplotypes were found to be high, on the other hand, in the H-2b and H-2k were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kerékgyártó
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, School of Debrecen, Hungary
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28
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Takatsuki F, Namiki R, Kikuchi T, Suzuki M, Hamuro J. Lentinan augments skin reaction induced by bradykinin: its correlation with vascular dilatation and hemorrhage responses and antitumor activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1995; 17:465-74. [PMID: 7499022 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(95)00037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide, on vascular reactions against vasoactive mediators were investigated in murine systems. Lentinan augmented intradermal reactions against bradykinin. Induction of acute phase proteins (APP) and the vascular dilatation hemorrhage (VDH) reaction on the ears have been reported to reflect the host responses to lentinan. The strain difference in the intensity of skin reactions coincided with those observed in VDH responses and with lentinan-induced antitumor effects against Sarcoma 180. Augmentation of skin reactions was not observed in T-cell-deficient mice. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase, thrombin and plasmin which reduced skin reactions also decreased the incidence of tumor necrosis positive mice among FBL-3-bearing mice treated with lentinan. Furthermore, B10D2 mice treated with fluorouracl (5-FU) and lentinan 10 days after S908.D2 transplantation showed complete tumor regression and augmented skin reactions, whereas augmentation of skin reactions and tumor regression were not observed in mice treated with 5-FU and lentinan 32 days after tumor inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that these vascular reactions might play crucial roles in antitumor effects of lentinan and that the skin reaction, the convenient method for investigating vascular reactions, is a promising tool to monitor host sensitivity to lentinan in antitumor responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bradykinin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibrinolysin/pharmacology
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Hemorrhage/enzymology
- Hemorrhage/immunology
- Hemorrhage/prevention & control
- Lentinan/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Nude
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/enzymology
- Skin/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thrombin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takatsuki
- Basic Research Laboratories Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
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29
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Mizuno T, Sakai T, Chihara G. Health foods and medicinal usages of mushrooms. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129509541020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Itoh H, Ito H, Amano H, Noda H. Inhibitory action of a (1-->6)-beta-D-glucan-protein complex (F III-2-b) isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill ("himematsutake") on Meth A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 66:265-71. [PMID: 7869611 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.66.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of F III-2-b (Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on immune responses were investigated in Meth A tumor-bearing and normal mice. The i.p. administration of F III-2-b (10 mg/kg/day x 30) moderately inhibited the growth of Meth A tumor cells implanted s.c. in mice. Development of implanted tumors was strongly inhibited by the combination of F III-2-b and 5-FU. The picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (PC-DTH) response in mice was depressed after the implantation of tumor and treatment with 5-FU. F III-2-b restored the suppression of PC-DTH by 5-FU, but did not increase the PC-DTH of normal mice. F III-2-b not only enhanced the degree of spleen cell-mediated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) hemolysis (quantitative hemolysis of SRBC), the indexes of the spleen and thymus, and the number of spleen cells but also restored the suppressive effect of 5-FU. In the group receiving F III-2-b, the percentages of splenic Thy1.2-, L3T4- and asialo GM1-positive cells were significantly increased as compared with the tumor-bearing mice treated with saline. Furthermore, the L3T4+/Lyt2+ ratio showed a tendency to increase, and the Lyt2+ ratio was markedly decreased. These results suggest that the antitumor effect of F III-2-b may be correlated with the changing pattern of the Thy1.2-, L3T4- and asialo GM1-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Itoh
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Japan
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31
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Suzuki M, Iwashiro M, Takatsuki F, Kuribayashi K, Hamuro J. Reconstitution of anti-tumor effects of lentinan in nude mice: roles of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction triggered by CD4-positive T cell clone in the infiltration of effector cells into tumor. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:409-17. [PMID: 7911123 PMCID: PMC5919478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide used clinically in Japan, requires the intact T cell compartment to manifest its antitumor effects. The aim of the current study was to clarify the mechanisms playing crucial roles in the T cell requirement in the expression of antitumor effects of lentinan. Lentinan treatment of BDF1 mice transplanted intradermally with FBL-3 induced complete tumor regression and a marked increase in survival time. The antitumor action of lentinan was abolished in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens, whereas antibody to CD4, CD8 or NK1.1 alone was ineffective. The natural killer, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T cell activities were already augmented in this FBL-3/BDF1 system and thus further augmentation of these activities by lentinan was not observed. These activities did not correlate with the antitumor activity of lentinan, as was confirmed in lymphocyte subset depletion experiments. On the contrary, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against tumor-associated antigens was triggered by lentinan and was abrogated only in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens. Furthermore, a non-cytolytic tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clone able to induce the DTH response in concert with lentinan reconstituted the antitumor effects in B6 nude mice when administered with lentinan. These results suggest that, in addition to the augmentation of immune effector cell activity against tumors, infiltration of these cells into the tumor burden initiated by the DTH responses at tumor sites may be involved in eradication of tumors by lentinan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Basic Research Laboratory, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki
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32
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Jong SC, Birmingham JM. Medicinal and therapeutic value of the shiitake mushroom. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993; 39:153-84. [PMID: 8213304 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Jong
- Mycology and Botany Department, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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33
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Kaneko Y, Chihara G. Potentiation of host resistance against microbial infections by lentinan and its related polysaccharides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1992; 319:201-15. [PMID: 1414595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3434-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaneko
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Jeong JY, Chung YB, Lee CC, Park SW, Lee CK. Studies on immunopotentiating activities of antitumor polysaccharide from aerial parts of Taraxacum platycarpum. Arch Pharm Res 1991; 14:68-72. [PMID: 10319124 DOI: 10.1007/bf02857817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide fraction from Taraxii Herba showed potent immunopotentiating activities with antitumor activities. The fraction having small amount of protein inhibited the growth of solid tumor and increased peritoneal exudate cells and immunoorgan weights in normal mice, and also increased hypersensitivities in tumor bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Pusan, Korea
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35
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Maeda YY, Sakaizumi M, Moriwaki K, Yonekawa H. Genetic control of the expression of two biological activities of an antitumor polysaccharide, lentinan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1991; 13:977-86. [PMID: 1722195 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to make clear whether the expression of biological activities and antitumor polysaccharides are under genetic control, the responses of mice to lentinan, a beta-1,6;1,3-glucan, in the induction of several acute phase proteins (APPs) and T-cell-mediated vascular dilation and hemorrhage (VDH) were investigated. Twenty inbred strains of mice were divided into two groups according to their phenotypes in the induction of APPs when they were administered lentinan i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg; sensitive strains showed a marked increase in levels of APPs and resistant strains showed as low a level of APPs as non-treated control mice. No sex-related differences and no relation with H-2 halotypes were found in the responses. Only low-level responses were observed in F1 hybrid mice obtained by crosses between a sensitive and a resistant strain, indicating that the low APP response to lentinan is dominant. The N2 progeny between the F1 and a high responder segregated into high and low responders at a ratio of almost 1:1. These results suggest that a single major gene on an autosome is responsible for the induction of APPs. The induction of VDH also depended on the strains of mice. However, the strain distribution pattern of the VDH phenotype was distinct from that of the APP phenotype, indicating that the VDH-controlling gene was different from the APP-controlling gene. Further analyses with F1 hybrid and backcross progeny mice suggested that the high VDH response was dominant, and that the phenotype was determined by a single major gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Maeda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
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36
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Lien EJ. Fungal metabolites and Chinese herbal medicine as immunostimulants. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1990; 34:395-420. [PMID: 2236571 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7128-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Lien
- Biomedicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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37
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38
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Jeannin JF, Lagadec P, Pelletier H, Reisser D, Olsson NO, Chihara G, Martin F. Regression induced by lentinan, of peritoneal carcinomatoses in a model of colon cancer in rat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1988; 10:855-61. [PMID: 3235240 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(88)90010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lentinan has been tested in a model of colon cancer in rats. Peritoneal carcinomatoses were induced in BDIX rats by i.p. injections of syngeneic cells isolated from a colon carcinoma, and established in a permanent cell line. The treatment consisted of five i.p. injections, 2 days apart, of 2 mg lentinan/kg at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml. This was started on day 14 after tumor cell injection, when the rats bore numerous nodules of 1-5 mm. Lentinan significantly inhibited the growth of carcinomatoses. Eleven out of the 20 rats treated with the best lentinan therapy were tumor free at autopsy on day 42. Lentinan significantly increased the life span of carcinomatous rats. The half life following tumor cell injection was 42 days in the control and 70 days in the treated group. Four out of 10 treated rats were still alive on day 210. They were tumor free at autopsy, whereas all the controls died between the 40th and the 70th day. The effectiveness of lentinan was dependent on the number and frequency of the injections. A dose effect was obtained and a strong influence of the concentration was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Jeannin
- I.N.S.E.R.M. U.252, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
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39
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Ito H, Shimura K. Effects of a blended Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang, on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and inhibition of lung metastasis, with special reference to macrophage activation. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1986; 41:307-14. [PMID: 3761748 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.41.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor effects of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Shosaiko-To: SHX) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cyclophosphamide (CY) were examined in an experimental system of lung metastasis induced by Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6crSlc mice. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were implanted into the footpads of the mice. Ten days later, the implanted tumors were surgically removed. The effects of SHX were evaluated by the number of lung surface nodules present 14 days after removal of the implanted tumor. The administration of SHX, p.o. (300 mg/kg X 2/day X 10) caused the antimetastatic effect. Therapy with SHX plus 5-FU or CY significantly inhibited the development of lung metastases. The number of peritoneal macrophages and the degree of the binding of C3 cleavage products (C3b) to macrophages were enhanced in the mice treated with SHX. Lung metastases were inhibited by the i.v. administration of peritoneal macrophages activated with SHX, p.o. These findings raise the possibility that SHX may have clinical value in the prevention of cancer metastasis.
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40
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Suga T, Maeda YY, Uchida H, Rokutanda M, Chihara G. Macrophage-mediated acute-phase transport protein production induced by lentinan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1986; 8:691-9. [PMID: 2430901 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(86)90004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new bioactive factor capable of stimulating the production of acute-phase transport proteins, haptoglobin, hemopexin and ceruloplasmin, was found in mouse serum soon after the administration of lentinan, an immunomodulatory polysaccharide. This factor (APPIF) was produced by macrophages, and may regulate the production of acute-phase transport proteins in hepatocytes. The mice given the serum obtained from donor mice 2-6 h after an injection of 10 mg/kg of lentinan showed a marked increase of the acute-phase transport proteins in their serum 4 days after the serum injection. Pretreatment with the antimacrophage agents, carrageenan and mouse Ia antiserum, before the lentinan treatment to donor mice inhibited the production of acute-phase transport proteins in the recipient mice. Thymus or T-cells had no role in the production of APPIF. As the activity of APPIF disappeared after pronase treatment of the serum, APPIF seems to be a peptide compound. Appearance of APPIF is considered to be one of the earliest manifestations of the mode of action of lentinan in addition to its augmented production of vascular dilatation and hemorrhage inducing factor and interleukin-1. The correlation between these inflammatory and immune responses in earlier stages of the host defence mechanisms is also discussed.
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41
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Effects of antitumor polysaccharides fromAlbizza julibrissin on immune function. Arch Pharm Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02856504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Moon CK, Park KS, Lee SH, Ha BJ, Gon-Lee B. Effects of antitumor polysaccharides fromForsythia Corea on the immune function (I). Arch Pharm Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02897563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Cooper PD. Complement and cancer: activation of the alternative pathway as a theoretical base for immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN IMMUNITY AND CANCER THERAPY 1985; 1:125-66. [PMID: 3916662 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5068-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the APC is pointed out as the common factor in all sufficiently studied cancer treatments employing nonspecific, active immunotherapy. This chapter outlines the molecular biology of both APC and classical pathway of complement, summarizes the alternative pathway's biologic activities especially in relation to the C3/C5 convertase C3b,Bb, and its implications in the mechanism of host defense against malignancies, particularly relating to the activated macrophage. The many involvements of the APC in the various agents used for nonspecific active immunotherapy are reviewed, and possible clinical implications outlined. It is concluded that activation of the APC can be proposed as the specific theoretical basis so far lacking for this treatment modality and that it is accordingly feasible to attempt to monitor clinical application of this principle by fine-tuning of APC activation in cases of human cancer.
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44
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Schindler TE, Sadlik JR, Hadden JW. Immunopharmacologic Regulation of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. Pharmacology 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9406-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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46
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Maeda YY, Watanabe ST, Chihara G, Rokutanda M. T-cell mediated vascular dilatation and hemorrhage induced by antitumour polysaccharides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1984; 6:493-501. [PMID: 6334043 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(84)90088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antitumour polysaccharide lentinan, capable of potentiating T-cell dependent reactions and some other antitumour polysaccharides such as pachymaran, carboxymethyl-pachymaran and zymosan were found to induce vascular dilatation and hemorrhage(VDH) in CD-1 normal mice starting the following day after a single injection. Polysaccharides which do not have the tumour-regressing activity, several immunopotentiators such as BCG, lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate and concanavalin A, and chemical mediators of inflammation such as histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E1 did not induce VDH in mice. This response seems to be mediated by T-cells and macrophages, because VDH was not observed in CD-1 nu/nu mice treated with lentinan, and carrageenan, an antimacrophage drug, inhibited the appearance of VDH by lentinan. Furthermore, carrageenan inhibited the production of the VDH-inducing serum which was caused by lentinan, capable of passively transferring VDH to another mouse.
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47
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Antitumor activity of some phytobased polysaccharides and their effects on the immune function. Arch Pharm Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02857190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Chihara G. Preclinical evaluation of lentinan in animal models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1983; 166:189-97. [PMID: 6606302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1410-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lentinan exerts prominent antitumor effects in allogeneic, syngeneic and autochthonous hosts and prevents chemical and viral carcinogenesis, and increases host-resistance to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Lentinan augments helper T cell mediated cytotoxic T cell activity, NK cell activity and humoral immune responses, and activates nonspecific cytotoxicity of macrophages in vivo. Lentinan is a representative of a unique class of T cell adjuvants, and has no toxicity. Therefore, lentinan is suitable for clinical application for cancer patients from the results in its preclinical animal model experiments.
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49
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Mikami T, Nagase T, Matsumoto T, Suzuki M, Suzuki S, Kumano N. Mitogenic effect of the mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on mouse spleen lymphocytes. Microbiol Immunol 1982; 26:913-22. [PMID: 6761557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The DNA synthetic activities of mannans isolated from two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were examined in vitro using spleen cells obtained from normal or nude BALB/c strain mice. A highly branched mannan isolated from the S. cerevisiae wild type strain induced a greater increase in mitogenic activity than those displayed by the mannan of the S. cerevisiae X2180-1A-5 mutant strain which possessed fewer branching moieties. Acid-hydrolyzed wild type strain mannan with two-thirds of the molecular weight of the parent intact mannan showed weak mitogenicity. Increases in the DNA synthetic activities of nude and normal spleen cells were almost the same as that of wild type strain mannan, while nylon wool column-passed spleen cells obtained from both normal and nude mice did not show mitogenicity with this mannan. The results indicated that the mitogenic activity was responsible for the highly branched structure of the wild type strain mannan, and that this mannan is a B-cell mitogen.
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50
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Marconi P, Cassone A, Tissi L, Baccarini M, Puccetti P, Garaci E, Bonmassar E, Bistoni F. Cellular mechanisms underlying the adjuvant activity of Candida albicans in a mouse lymphoma model. Int J Cancer 1982; 29:483-8. [PMID: 7044994 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910290420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inactivated Candida albicans (CA) possesses strong anti-tumor activity when combined with cytoreductive chemotherapy in a mouse lymphoma model. In the present study, experiments were performed in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying CA immunoadjuvant activity. In vivo chemotherapy studies proved that the synergistic anti-tumor effects were lost in athymic (nu/nu) mice and were also abrogated by radiations. In vitro tests did not suggest a major involvement of natural cytotoxic effectors such as macrophages and natural killer cells nor did CA effects appear to be mediated by induction of interferon. It was concluded that the immunoadjuvant activity of CA largely relies on host responses against tumor-associated transplantation antigens with no major involvement of natural resistance immune mechanisms.
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