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Ferrer J, Dimitrova N. Transcription regulation by long non-coding RNAs: mechanisms and disease relevance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:396-415. [PMID: 38242953 PMCID: PMC11045326 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) outnumber protein-coding transcripts, but their functions remain largely unknown. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the control of gene transcription. Some of the best characterized lncRNAs have essential transcription cis-regulatory functions that cannot be easily accomplished by DNA-interacting transcription factors, such as XIST, which controls X-chromosome inactivation, or imprinted lncRNAs that direct allele-specific repression. A growing number of lncRNA transcription units, including CHASERR, PVT1 and HASTER (also known as HNF1A-AS1) act as transcription-stabilizing elements that fine-tune the activity of dosage-sensitive genes that encode transcription factors. Genetic experiments have shown that defects in such transcription stabilizers often cause severe phenotypes. Other lncRNAs, such as lincRNA-p21 (also known as Trp53cor1) and Maenli (Gm29348) contribute to local activation of gene transcription, whereas distinct lncRNAs influence gene transcription in trans. We discuss findings of lncRNAs that elicit a function through either activation of their transcription, transcript elongation and processing or the lncRNA molecule itself. We also discuss emerging evidence of lncRNA involvement in human diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ferrer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Li C, Sun C, Mahapatra KD, Riihilä P, Knuutila J, Nissinen L, Lapins J, Kähäri VM, Homey B, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:415-426. [PMID: 37930852 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. RESULTS We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Scholda J, Nguyen TTA, Kopp F. Long noncoding RNAs as versatile molecular regulators of cellular stress response and homeostasis. Hum Genet 2023:10.1007/s00439-023-02604-7. [PMID: 37782337 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal cell and body functions need to be maintained and protected against endogenous and exogenous stress conditions. Different cellular stress response pathways have evolved that are utilized by mammalian cells to recognize, process and overcome numerous stress stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis and to prevent pathophysiological processes. Although these stress response pathways appear to be quite different on a molecular level, they all have in common that they integrate various stress inputs, translate them into an appropriate stress response and eventually resolve the stress by either restoring homeostasis or inducing cell death. It has become increasingly appreciated that non-protein-coding RNA species, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can play critical roles in the mammalian stress response. However, the precise molecular functions and underlying modes of action for many of the stress-related lncRNAs remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to provide a framework for the categorization of mammalian lncRNAs in stress response and homeostasis based on their experimentally validated modes of action. We describe the molecular functions and physiological roles of selected lncRNAs and develop a concept of how lncRNAs can contribute as versatile players in mammalian stress response and homeostasis. These concepts may be used as a starting point for the identification of novel lncRNAs and lncRNA functions not only in the context of stress, but also in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scholda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thi Thuy Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kopp
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Seal RL, Tweedie S, Bruford EA. A standardised nomenclature for long non-coding RNAs. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:380-389. [PMID: 35880706 PMCID: PMC9877250 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) is the sole group with the authority to approve symbols for human genes, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes. Use of approved symbols ensures that publications and biomedical databases are easily searchable and reduces the risks of confusion that can be caused by using the same symbol to refer to different genes or using many different symbols for the same gene. Here, we describe how the HGNC names lncRNA genes and review the nomenclature of the seven lncRNA genes most mentioned in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L. Seal
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Susan Tweedie
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUK
| | - Elspeth A. Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
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5
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Yao W, Li S, Liu R, Jiang M, Gao L, Lu Y, Liang X, Zhang H. Long non-coding RNA PVT1: A promising chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959208. [PMID: 35965522 PMCID: PMC9373174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 was first found to activate variant translocations in the plasmacytoma of mice. Human lncPVT1 is located on chromosome 8q24.21, at the same locus as the well-known MYC oncogene. LncPVT1 has been found to promote the progression of various malignancies. Chemoresistance and radioresistance seriously affect tumor treatment efficacy and are associated with the dysregulation of physiological processes in cancer cells, including apoptosis, autophagy, stemness (for cancer stem cells, CSC), hypoxia, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and DNA damage repair. Previous studies have also implicated lncPVT1 in the regulation of these physiological mechanisms. In recent years, lncPVT1 was found to modulate chemoresistance and radioresistance in some cancers. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of lncPVT1-mediated regulation of cellular chemoresistance and radioresistance. Due to its high expression in malignant tumors and sensitization effect in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, lncPVT1 is expected to become an effective antitumor target and chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizer, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yao
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyun Jiang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Zhang, zhbdoctor @163.com; Xiaodong Liang,
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Zhang, zhbdoctor @163.com; Xiaodong Liang,
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Luo Z, Chen R, Hu S, Huang X, Huang Z. PVT1 promotes resistance to 5‑FU in colon cancer via the miR‑486‑5p/CDK4 axis. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:280. [PMID: 35814832 PMCID: PMC9260730 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in tumors is a major issue, limiting the curative efficacy of currently available cancer chemotherapeutics. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly applied therapeutic drug in colon cancer patient regimens; however, the majority of patients develop resistance to 5-FU in the later stages of the disease, rendering this chemotherapy ineffective. Drug resistance is the main factor underlying the poor prognosis of patients with colon cancer. In recent years, a number of studies have confirmed that long non-coding (lnc)RNAs may play vital roles in tumor resistance. In the present study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and lncRNADisease2 databases were screened for colon cancer-associated expression patterns of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1). Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect changes in PVT1 expression in resistant cell lines, and a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay kit was used to assess the effects of PVT1 knockdown on the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of parental and 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Subsequently, CCK-8, clone formation, and flow cytometric assays were performed to investigate the effects of PVT1 knockdown on the sensitivity of HCT116-5FU-resistant cells to 5-FU. Dual-luciferase assay, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified the interactive regulation of PVT1, miR-486-5p and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). PVT1 was highly expressed in HCT116-5FU-resistant cells, as compared to its expression in HCT116 parental cells. PVT1 knockdown significantly reduced the resistance of HCT116-5FU-resistant cells to 5-FU. In addition, PVT1 upregulated CDK4 expression by adsorbing miR-486-5p; however, CDK4 overexpression restored the effects of miR-486-5p inhibition on HCT116-5-FU-resistant cells. Additionally, PVT1 knockdown partially rescued CDK4 overexpression in HCT116-5-FU-resistant cells. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that PVT1 promotes the resistance of colon cancer cells to 5-FU by regulating the miR-486-5p/CDK4 axis. Therefore, PVT1 may prove to be a potential target for counteracting resistance to 5-FU in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhe Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, P.R. China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, P.R. China
| | - Xibin Huang
- Guangzhou Genetech Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, P.R. China
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7
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Liu S, Chen W, Hu H, Zhang T, Wu T, Li X, Li Y, Kong Q, Lu H, Lu Z. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by binding miR-128-3p and UPF1. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:115. [PMID: 34922601 PMCID: PMC8684126 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence supports that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles during cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we report that the plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) lncRNA is involved in breast cancer progression. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the gene and protein expression. Colony formation would healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell function. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiments were used to examine the mechanisms interaction between molecules. Orthotopic mouse models were established to evaluate the influence of PVT1 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS PVT1 is significant upregulated in breast cancer patients' plasma and cell lines. PVT1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PVT1 upregulates FOXQ1 via miR-128-3p and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, PVT1 binds to the UPF1 protein, thereby inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION PVT1 may act as an oncogene in breast cancer through binding miR-128-3p and UPF1 and represents a potential target for BC therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Tangwei Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinzhi Kong
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Hongda Lu
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China.
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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8
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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9
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Naidoo M, Levine F, Gillot T, Orunmuyi AT, Olapade-Olaopa EO, Ali T, Krampis K, Pan C, Dorsaint P, Sboner A, Ogunwobi OO. MicroRNA-1205 Regulation of FRYL in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647485. [PMID: 34386489 PMCID: PMC8354587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) are associated with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to the maintenance of androgen receptor (AR) signaling despite androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs). The 8q24 chromosomal locus is a region of very high PCa susceptibility that carries genetic variants associated with high risk of PCa incidence. This region also carries frequent amplifications of the PVT1 gene, a non-protein coding gene that encodes a cluster of microRNAs including, microRNA-1205 (miR-1205), which are largely understudied. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-1205 is underexpressed in PCa cells and tissues and suppresses CRPC tumors in vivo. To characterize the molecular pathway, we identified and validated fry-like (FRYL) as a direct molecular target of miR-1205 and observed its overexpression in PCa cells and tissues. FRYL is predicted to regulate dendritic branching, which led to the investigation of FRYL in neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). Resistance toward ADT leads to the progression of treatment related NEPC often characterized by PCa neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), however, this mechanism is poorly understood. Underexpression of miR-1205 is observed when NED is induced in vitro and inhibition of miR-1205 leads to increased expression of NED markers. However, while FRYL is overexpressed during NED, FRYL knockdown did not reduce NED, therefore revealing that miR-1205 induces NED independently of FRYL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Naidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fayola Levine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tamara Gillot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akintunde T Orunmuyi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Thahmina Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Princesca Dorsaint
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Zhu Y, Wu F, Gui W, Zhang N, Matro E, Zhu L, Eserberg DT, Lin X. A positive feedback regulatory loop involving the lncRNA PVT1 and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:676-689. [PMID: 34245303 PMCID: PMC8648389 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme hypoxia is among the most prominent pathogenic features of pancreatic cancer (PC). Both the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and hypoxic inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are highly expressed in PC patients and play a crucial role in disease progression. Reciprocal regulation involving PVT1 and HIF-1α in PC, however, is poorly understood. Here, we report that PVT1 binds to the HIF-1α promoter and activates its transcription. In addition, we found that PVT1 could bind to HIF-1α and increases HIF-1α post-translationally. Our findings suggest that the PVT1‒HIF-1α positive feedback loop is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Gui
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erik Matro
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Deciphering the Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Coregulation Networks in Ovarian Cancer Development: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061407. [PMID: 34204094 PMCID: PMC8227049 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are emergent elements from the genome, which do not encode for proteins but have relevant cellular functions impacting almost all the physiological processes occurring in eukaryotic cells. In particular, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of small RNAs transcribed from the genome, which modulate the expression of specific genes at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, thus adding a new regulatory layer in the flux of genetic information. In cancer cells, the miRNAs and lncRNAs interactions with its target genes and functional pathways are deregulated as a consequence of epigenetic and genetic alterations occurring during tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge on the interplay of lncRNAs with its cognate miRNAs and mRNAs pairs, which interact in coregulatory networks with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic behavior in ovarian cancer. Specifically, we reviewed here the evidences unraveling the relevant roles of lncRNAs/miRNAs pairs in altered regulation of cell migration, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and Warburg effect. Finally, we also discussed its potential clinical implications in ovarian cancer and related endocrine disease therapies.
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12
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Asante-Asamani EO, Pal G, Liu L, Ogunwobi OO. Prostac: A New Composite Score With Potential Predictive Value in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644665. [PMID: 33796469 PMCID: PMC8009179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid organ cancer in men worldwide. Current diagnosis of PCa includes use of initial prostate specific antigen assay which has a high false positive rate, low specificity, and low sensitivity. The side effects of unnecessary prostate biopsies that healthy men are subjected to, often result in unintended health complications. New PCa biomarkers are being discovered to address this unmet need. Here, we report on the creation of a composite score (Prostac) based on three recently discovered PCa biomarkers, Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) exons 4A, 4B, and 9. Statistical analysis of copy numbers derived from a real-time quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction - based assay, showed these PCa biomarkers to be linearly separable and significantly over expressed in PCa epithelial cells. We train a supervised learning algorithm using support vector machines to generate a classification hyperplane from which a user-friendly composite score is developed. Cross validation of Prostac using data from prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1) and PCa cells (MDA PCa 2b) accurately classified 100% of PCa cells. Creation of the Prostac score lays the groundwork for clinical trial of its use in PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Asante-Asamani
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Gargi Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leslie Liu
- Value based payment unit, Fidelis Care/Centene, Long Island City, NY, United States
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Xie L, Feng G, Zhu P, Xie J. The effects of LncRNA PVT1 on clinical characteristics and survival in breast cancer patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24774. [PMID: 33663093 PMCID: PMC7909102 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, an increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to be abnormally expressed in human carcinomas and play a vital role in tumourigenesis. Some studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the expression of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) on prognosis and its clinical significance in patients with breast cancer, while the results were contradictory and uncertain. A meta-analysis was conducted with controversial data to accurately assess the issue. METHODS A detailed search of relevant researches was performed in Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Odd ratio and its 95% confidence intervals were applied to evaluate the relationship between PVT1 and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. Hazard ratios and its 95% confidence intervals were adopted to assess the prognostic effects of PVT1 on overall survival and disease-free survival. Meta-analysis was conducted with Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS This study will provide high-quality evidence-based medical evidence for the correlation between PVT1 expression and overall survival, and disease-free survival and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION The study will provide updated evidence to evaluate whether the expression of PVT1 is in association with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/C2TYE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, ChinaThree Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of Hepatological surgery, China Resources Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan, China
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14
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Wilson C, Kanhere A. 8q24.21 Locus: A Paradigm to Link Non-Coding RNAs, Genome Polymorphisms and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1094. [PMID: 33499210 PMCID: PMC7865353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the human genome is comprised of non-protein-coding genes, but the relevance of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. One class of non-coding RNAs is long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs, many of which have been identified to play a range of roles in transcription and translation. While the clinical importance of the majority of lncRNAs have yet to be identified, it is puzzling that a large number of disease-associated genetic variations are seen in lncRNA genes. The 8q24.21 locus is rich in lncRNAs and very few protein-coding genes are located in this region. Interestingly, the 8q24.21 region is also a hot spot for genetic variants associated with an increased risk of cancer. Research focusing on the lncRNAs in this area of the genome has indicated clinical relevance of lncRNAs in different cancers. In this review, we summarise the lncRNAs in the 8q24.21 region with respect to their role in cancer and discuss the potential impact of cancer-associated genetic polymorphisms on the function of lncRNAs in initiation and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
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15
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Ogunwobi OO, Segura MF. Editorial: PVT1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588786. [PMID: 33194746 PMCID: PMC7606904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Aprile M, Katopodi V, Leucci E, Costa V. LncRNAs in Cancer: From garbage to Junk. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113220. [PMID: 33142861 PMCID: PMC7692075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing-based transcriptomics has significantly redefined the concept of genome complexity, leading to the identification of thousands of lncRNA genes identification of thousands of lncRNA genes whose products possess transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional regulatory functions that help to shape cell functionality and fate. Indeed, it is well-established now that lncRNAs play a key role in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanims. The rapid increase of studies reporting lncRNAs alteration in cancers has also highlighted their relevance for tumorigenesis. Herein we describe the most prominent examples of well-established lncRNAs having oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive activity. We also discuss how technical advances have provided new therapeutic strategies based on their targeting, and also report the challenges towards their use in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vicky Katopodi
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, LKI, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (V.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, LKI, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (V.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Olivero CE, Dimitrova N. Identification and characterization of functional long noncoding RNAs in cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:15630-15646. [PMID: 33058262 PMCID: PMC7756267 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001951r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in a variety of cellular processes that influence disease states. In particular, many lncRNAs are genetically or epigenetically deregulated in cancer. However, whether lncRNA alterations are passengers acquired during cancer progression or can act as tumorigenic drivers is a topic of ongoing investigation. In this review, we examine the current methodologies underlying the identification of cancer-associated lncRNAs and highlight important considerations for evaluating their biological significance as cancer drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Olivero
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Jin L, Cai Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang J, Quan Z. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promoted gallbladder cancer proliferation by epigenetically suppressing miR-18b-5p via DNA methylation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:871. [PMID: 33067424 PMCID: PMC7568542 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 85–90% malignancies of the biliary tree worldwide. Considerable evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs is involved in the progression of cancer. LncRNA PVT1 has been reported to play important roles in various cancers, but its role in gallbladder cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we found that PVT1 was upregulated in GBC tissues and cells, and its upregulation was related with poor prognosis in GBC patients. PVT1 promoted GBC cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PVT1 recruited DNMT1 via EZH2 to the miR-18b-5p DNA promoter and suppressed the transcription of miR-18b-5p through DNA methylation. Moreover, HIF1A was proved to be the downstream target gene of miR-18b-5p and PVT1 regulated GBC cells proliferation via HIF1A. In conclusion, our studies clarified the PVT1/miR-18b-5p/HIF1A regulation axis and indicated that PVT1 could be a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shouhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiwei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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19
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Li Y, Song S, Pizzi MP, Han G, Scott AW, Jin J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Huo L, Ma L, Vellano C, Luo X, MacLeod R, Wang L, Wang Z, Ajani JA. LncRNA PVT1 Is a Poor Prognosticator and Can Be Targeted by PVT1 Antisense Oligos in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102995. [PMID: 33076512 PMCID: PMC7602573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is inherently resistant or becomes resistant to therapy, leading to a poor prognosis. Mounting evidence suggests that lncRNAs can be used as predictive markers and therapeutic targets in the right context. In this study, we determined the role of lncRNA-PVT1 in GAC along with the value of inhibition of PVT1 using antisense oligos (ASOs). RNA scope in situ hybridization was used to analyze PVT1 expression in tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs) of GAC and paired normal tissues from 792 patients. Functional experiments, including colony formation and invasion assays, were performed to evaluate the effects of PVT1 ASO inhibition of PVT1 in vitro; patient-derived xenograft models were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of PVT1 ASOs in vivo. LncRNA-PVT1 was upregulated in GACs compared to the matched adjacent normal tissues in the TMA. LncRNA PVT1 expression was positively correlated with larger tumor size, deeper wall invasion, lymph node metastases, and short survival duration. Inhibition of PVT1 using PVT1 ASOs significantly suppressed tumor cell growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 expression was highly associated with poor prognosis in GAC patients and targeting PVT1 using PVT1 ASOs was effective at curtailing tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, PVT1 is a poor prognosticator as well as therapeutic target. Targeting PVT1 using PVT1 ASOs provides a novel therapeutic strategy for GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ailing W. Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Christopher Vellano
- Center for Co-Clinical Trials, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA; (X.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert MacLeod
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA; (X.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.A.A.); Tel.: +1-713-792-3685 (Z.W.)
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 0426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.P.P.); (A.W.S.); (J.J.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (L.H.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.A.A.); Tel.: +1-713-792-3685 (Z.W.)
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20
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Handa H, Honma K, Oda T, Kobayashi N, Kuroda Y, Kimura-Masuda K, Watanabe S, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Masuda Y, Tahara KI, Takei H, Kasamatsu T, Saitoh T, Murakami H. Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 Is Regulated by Bromodomain Protein BRD4 in Multiple Myeloma and Is Associated with Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197121. [PMID: 32992461 PMCID: PMC7583953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in human cancers and are associated with disease progression. Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1), a lncRNA, is located adjacent to the gene MYC, which has been linked to multiple myeloma (MM). PVT1 is expressed in MM and is associated with carcinogenesis. However, its role and regulation remain uncertain. We examined PVT1/MYC expression using real-time PCR in plasma cells purified from 59 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 140 MM patients. The MM cell lines KMS11, KMS12PE, OPM2, and RPMI8226 were treated with JQ1, an MYC super-enhancer inhibitor, or MYC inhibitor 10058-F4. The expression levels of PVT1 and MYC were significantly higher in MM than in MGUS (p < 0.0001) and were positively correlated with disease progression (r = 0.394, p < 0.0001). JQ1 inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the expression levels of MYC and PVT1. However, 10054-F4 did not alter the expression level of PVT1. The positive correlation between MYC and PVT1 in patients, the synchronous downregulation of MYC and PVT1 by JQ1, and the lack of effect of the MYC inhibitor on PVT1 expression suggest that the expression of these two genes is co-regulated by a super-enhancer. Cooperative effects between these two genes may contribute to MM pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (K.-i.T.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8166; Fax: +81-27-220-8173
| | - Kazuki Honma
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (K.-i.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuko Kuroda
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Kei Kimura-Masuda
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Saki Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuta Masuda
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Ken-ichi Tahara
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (K.-i.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Hisashi Takei
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (K.-i.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.); (K.K.-M.); (S.W.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (H.M.)
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21
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Xun C, Jiang D, Tian Z, Yunus A, Chen J. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation gene 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23587. [PMID: 32960485 PMCID: PMC7843291 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumors. In the current study, our aim was to explore the role of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation gene 1 (PVT1) in osteosarcoma. Methods Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of lncRNA PVT1 in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The relationship between lncRNA PVT1 expression status and the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma was analyzed. The effect of lncRNA PVT1 on the malignant biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells in vitro was also analyzed. Results LncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma. High lncRNA PVT1 expression indicated poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. In vitro knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, we confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 affected the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion LncRNA PVT1 is a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Xun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Akbar Yunus
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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22
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Wu H, Wei M, Jiang X, Tan J, Xu W, Fan X, Zhang R, Ding C, Zhao F, Shao X, Zhang Z, Shi R, Zhang W, Wu G. lncRNA PVT1 Promotes Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer by Stabilizing miR-16-5p and Interacting with the VEGFA/VEGFR1/AKT Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:438-450. [PMID: 32276209 PMCID: PMC7139143 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular basis for cancer initiation, development, and progression remains unclear. In this study, we observe that upregulated PVT1 is associated with poor prognosis and bad clinicopathological features of CRC patients. In vitro means of PVT1 loss in a CRC cell line inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays indicated that PVT1 binds to miR-16-5p, which has been shown to play strong tumor suppressive roles in CRC. Targeted loss of miR-16-5p partially rescues the suppressive effect induced by PVT1 knockdown. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a direct downstream target of miR-16-5p, was suppressed by PVT1 knockdown in CRC cells. Overexpression of VEGFA is known to modulate the AKT signaling cascade by activating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1). We, therefore, show that PVT1 loss combined with miR-16-5p overexpression reduces tumor volume maximally when propagated within a mouse xenograft model. We conclude that the PVT1-miR-16-5p/VEGFA/VEGFR1/AKT axis directly coordinates the response in CRC pathogenesis and suggest PVT1 as a novel target for potential CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglu Jiang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenbo Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Onagoruwa OT, Pal G, Ochu C, Ogunwobi OO. Oncogenic Role of PVT1 and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:17. [PMID: 32117705 PMCID: PMC7010636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PVT1, a long non-coding RNA has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. Recent advancements have led to increasing discovery of the critical roles of PVT1 in cancer initiation and progression. Novel insight is emerging about PVT1's mechanism of action in different cancers. Identifying and understanding the variety of activities of PVT1 involved in cancers is a necessity for the development of PVT1 as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target in cancers where PVT1 is dysregulated. PVT1's varied activities include overexpression, modulation of miRNA expression, protein interactions, targeting of regulatory genes, formation of fusion genes, functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and interactions with MYC, among many others. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of PVT1 interactions in cancers has aided understanding of the numerous pathways involved in PVT1 contribution to carcinogenesis in a cancer type-specific manner. However, these recent findings show that there is much more to be learned to be able to fully exploit PVT1 for cancer prognostication and therapy. In this review, we summarize some of the latest findings on PVT1's oncogenic activities, signaling networks and how targeting these networks can be a strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gargi Pal
- Hunter College (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
| | - Chika Ochu
- Hunter College (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
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24
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Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Arango D, Dopeso H. PVT1 Long Non-coding RNA in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:38. [PMID: 32083000 PMCID: PMC7005105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies have led to the identification of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and stimulated the research of their role in health and disease. LncRNAs participate in the regulation of critical signaling pathways including cell growth, motility, apoptosis, and differentiation; and their expression has been found dysregulated in human tumors. Thus, lncRNAs have emerged as new players in the initiation, maintenance and progression of tumorigenesis. PVT1 (plasmacytoma variant translocation 1) lncRNA is located on chromosomal 8q24.21, a large locus frequently amplified in human cancers and predictive of increased cancer risk in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Combined, colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas are the most frequent tumor malignancies and also the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PVT1 expression is elevated in gastrointestinal tumors and correlates with poor patient prognosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action underlying PVT1 oncogenic role in colorectal and gastric cancer such as MYC upregulation, miRNA production, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) function, protein stabilization, and epigenetic regulation. We also illustrate the potential role of PVT1 as prognostic biomarker and its relationship with resistance to current chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Molecular Oncology, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Molecular Oncology, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Higinio Dopeso
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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p53 Activates the Long Noncoding RNA Pvt1b to Inhibit Myc and Suppress Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 77:761-774.e8. [PMID: 31973890 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 transcriptionally activates target genes to suppress cellular proliferation during stress. p53 has also been implicated in the repression of the proto-oncogene Myc, but the mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we identify Pvt1b, a p53-dependent isoform of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Pvt1, expressed 50 kb downstream of Myc, which becomes induced by DNA damage or oncogenic signaling and accumulates near its site of transcription. We show that production of the Pvt1b RNA is necessary and sufficient to suppress Myc transcription in cis without altering the chromatin organization of the locus. Inhibition of Pvt1b increases Myc levels and transcriptional activity and promotes cellular proliferation. Furthermore, Pvt1b loss accelerates tumor growth, but not tumor progression, in an autochthonous mouse model of lung cancer. These findings demonstrate that Pvt1b acts at the intersection of the p53 and Myc transcriptional networks to reinforce the anti-proliferative activities of p53.
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26
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Boloix A, Masanas M, Jiménez C, Antonelli R, Soriano A, Roma J, Sánchez de Toledo J, Gallego S, Segura MF. Long Non-coding RNA PVT1 as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1173. [PMID: 31781490 PMCID: PMC6853055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, biomedical research has focused on understanding the functionality of the human translated genome, which represents a minor part of all genetic information transcribed from the human genome. However, researchers have become aware of the importance of non-coding RNA species that constitute the vast majority of the transcriptome. In addition to their crucial role in tissue development and homeostasis, mounting evidence shows non-coding RNA to be deregulated and functionally contributing to the development and progression of different types of human disease including cancer both in adults and children. Small non-coding RNAs (i.e., microRNA) are in the vanguard of clinical research which revealed that RNA could be used as disease biomarkers or new therapeutic targets. Furthermore, many more expectations have been raised for long non-coding RNAs, by far the largest fraction of non-coding transcripts, and still fewer findings have been translated into clinical applications. In this review, we center on PVT1, a large and complex long non-coding RNA that usually confers oncogenic properties on different tumor types. We focus on the compilation of early advances in the field of pediatric tumors which often lags behind clinical improvements in adult tumors, and provide a rationale to continue studying PVT1 as a possible functional contributor to pediatric malignancies and as a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Boloix
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Esfera UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Masanas
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Antonelli
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Sánchez de Toledo
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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27
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The lncRNA PVT1 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via activating the KAT2A acetyltransferase and stabilizing HIF-1α. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:695-710. [PMID: 31320749 PMCID: PMC7206084 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating the development and progression of many cancers. However, the clinical significance of specific lncRNAs in the context of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate this form of cancer remain largely unclear. In this study we found that the lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in NPC, and that in patients this upregulation was associated with reduced survival. RNA sequencing revealed that PVT1 was responsible for regulating NPC cell proliferation and for controlling a hypoxia-related phenotype in these cells. PVT1 knockdown reduced NPC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis in a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model systems. We further found that PVT1 serves as a scaffold for the chromatin modification factor KAT2A, which mediates histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9), recruiting the nuclear receptor binding protein TIF1β to activate NF90 transcription, thereby increasing HIF-1α stability and promoting a malignant phenotype in NPC cells. Overexpression of NF90 or HIF-1α restored the proliferation in cells that had ceased proliferating due to PVT1 or KAT2A depletion. Conversely, overexpression of active KAT2A or TIF1β, but not of KAT2A acetyltransferase activity-deficient mutants or TIF1β isoforms lacking H3K9ac binding sites, promoted a PVT1-mediated increase in NF90 transcription, as well as increased HIF-1α stability and cell proliferation. PVT1 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitization effect in NPC cells via inhibiting binding between H3K9ac and TIF1β in a manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PVT1 serves an oncogenic role and plays an important role in radiosensitivity in malignant NPC via activating the KAT2A acetyltransferase and stabilizing HIF-1α.
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28
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Omrani MD, Taheri M. Long noncoding RNA PVT1: A highly dysregulated gene in malignancy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:818-835. [PMID: 31297833 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have verified the contribution of several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the carcinogenesis. Among the highly acknowledged lncRNAs is the human homolog of the plasmacytoma variant translocation gene, which is called PVT1. PVT1 resides near Myc oncogene and regulates the oncogenic process through modulation of several signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, Wnt/ β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and mTOR pathways. This lncRNA has a circular form as well. Expression analyses and functional studies have appraised the oncogenic roles of PVT1 and circPVT1. Experiments in several cancer cell lines have shown that PVT1 silencing suppresses cancer cell proliferation, whereas its overexpression has the opposite effect. Its silencing has led to the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and diminished the number of cells in the S phase. Moreover, genome-wide association studies have signified the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of this lncRNA in conferring risk of lymphoma in different populations. In the current study, we have summarized recent data about the role of PVT1 and circPVT1 in the carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zheng Y, Tian X, Wang T, Xia X, Cao F, Tian J, Xu P, Ma J, Xu H, Wang S. Long noncoding RNA Pvt1 regulates the immunosuppression activity of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:61. [PMID: 30925926 PMCID: PMC6441229 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) participate in tumor-elicited immunosuppression by dramatically blocking T-cell-induced antitumor responses, thereby influencing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Treatments that alter the differentiation and function of MDSCs can partially restore antitumor immune responses. The long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA Pvt1) is a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. However, whether lncRNA Pvt1 is involved in the regulation of MDSCs has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Methods MDSCs or granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) were isolated by microbeads and flow cytometry. Bone marrow derived G-MDSCs were induced by IL-6 and GM-CSF. The expression of lncRNA Pvt1 was measured by qRT-PCR. Specific siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of lncRNA Pvt1 in G-MDSCs. Results In this study, we found that knockdown of lncRNA Pvt1 significantly inhibited the immunosuppressive function of G-MDSCs in vitro. Additionally, lncRNA Pvt1 knockdown reduced the ability of G-MDSCs to delay tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Notably, lncRNA Pvt1 was upregulated by HIF-1α under hypoxia in G-MDSCs. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for lncRNA Pvt1 in regulating the immunosuppression activity of G-MDSCs, and lncRNA Pvt1 might thus be a potential antitumor immunotherapy target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0978-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueli Xia
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fenghua Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. .,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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30
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Xiao M, Feng Y, Liu C, Zhang Z. Prognostic values of long noncoding RNA PVT1 in various carcinomas: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12519. [PMID: 30252166 PMCID: PMC6528925 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers have been a worldwide health problem with a high mortality rate, but ideal biomarkers are not available to effectively screen and diagnose patients. Currently, an increasing number of long noncoding RNAs have been reported to be abnormally expressed in human carcinomas and play a vital role in tumourigenesis. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is upregulated in various carcinomas, and its overexpression is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. We conduct an updated meta-analysis to determine its potential in prognosis for tumours. In total, 14 studies comprising 2435 patients were enrolled according to Reporting Recommendations for Tumour Marker Prognostic Studies guidelines. High PVT1 expression indicated poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-2.42, P < 0.00001) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.45-1.84, P < 0.00001). Additionally, increased PVT1 expression was positively associated with lymphatic node metastasis (odd ratio [OR] = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.66-4.96, P = 0.0002), distant metastasis (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.74-3.50, P < 0.00001), advanced tumour-node-metastasis stages (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.38-4.88, P = 0.003). New findings highlight that PVT1 acts as competing RNA to microRNAs to protect mRNAs from miRNAs repression. Therefore, we also discuss PVT1-related microRNAs and their interaction in tumourigenesis. In conclusion, PVT1 may be a potential biomarker of poor prognosis for patients with different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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31
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Salehi M, Sharifi M, Bagheri M. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 with Antisense Locked Nucleic Acid GapmeRs Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Human Acute Erythroleukemia Cells Through Downregulation of C-MYC Expression. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 34:371-379. [PMID: 30141968 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with no specific treatment. Up- or downregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is strongly associated with the formation and progression of many malignancies. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a significantly upregulated lncRNA in AML. Antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) GapmeRs oligonucleotides are the novel tools for targeting lncRNAs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the functional role of PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs on AEL cell line (KG-1). Materials and Methods: AEL cells were transfected with PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs at three different time points. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was accomplished to evaluate the PVT1 expression by PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs. The viability was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the apoptosis and necrosis were assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay. The C-MYC expression level, the target gene of PVT1, was also quantified by qRT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that PVT1 inhibition could significantly decrease the viability of AEL cells, due to induction of apoptosis and necrosis, probably through the downregulation of C-MYC. Conclusions: Their findings suggest that the inhibition of lncRNA PVT1 could serve as a novel approach for controlling the proliferation of AEL cells and could open up a path for treatment of AEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bagheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Bao X, Duan J, Yan Y, Ma X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ni D, Wu S, Peng C, Fan Y, Gao Y, Li X, Chen J, Du Q, Zhang F, Zhang X. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA PVT1 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:55-63. [PMID: 29081406 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant genitourinary diseases worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs in the human genome that are involved in RCC initiation and progression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of PVT1 in ccRCC and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to examine PVT1 expression in 129 ccRCC tissue samples and matched adjacent normal tissue samples. The relationship of PVT1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcome was evaluated. RESULTS We identified the lncRNA PVT1, which was upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues when compared with corresponding controls. Furthermore, PVT1 expression was positively associated with gender, tumor size, pT stage, TNM stage, and Fuhrman grade. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high PVT1 expression had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall-survival (OS) than those with low PVT1 expression, and multivariate analysis identified PVT1 as an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS PVT1 may be an oncogene as well as may promote metastasis in ccRCC and could serve as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junyao Duan
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongji Yan
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hanfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shengpan Wu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qingshan Du
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
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Huang F, Chen W, Peng J, Li Y, Zhuang Y, Zhu Z, Shao C, Yang W, Yao H, Zhang S. LncRNA PVT1 triggers Cyto-protective autophagy and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development via the miR-20a-5p/ULK1 Axis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:98. [PMID: 30001707 PMCID: PMC6043995 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but how PVT1 operates in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. Methods PVT1 expression level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and hybridization in situ (ISH). Western blot or qRT-PCR was performed to assess the ULK1 protein or mRNA level. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under a confocal microscope and autophagic vacuoles investigation under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological role of PVT1 in autophagy and PDA development was determined by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. Results We found that PVT1 levels paralleled those of ULK1 protein in PDA cancer tissues. PVT1 promoted cyto-protective autophagy and cell growth by targeting ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high PVT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we found that PVT1 acted as sponge to regulate miR-20a-5p and thus affected ULK1 expression and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the “PVT1/miR-20a-5p/ULK1/autophagy” pathway modulates the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may be a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0845-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Juanfei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yanyan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Shineng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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LncRNA PVT1 regulates triple-negative breast cancer through KLF5/beta-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2018; 37:4723-4734. [PMID: 29760406 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTACT Recent molecularly targeted approach gains advance in breast cancer treatment. However, the estimated 5-year survival rate has not met the desired expectation for improvement, especially for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we report that the lncRNA PVT1 promotes KLF5/beta-catenin signaling to drive TNBC tumorigenesis. PVT1 is upregulated in clinical TNBC tumors. Using genetic approaches targeting PVT1 in TNBC cells, we found that PVT1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and orthotopic xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistically, PVT1 binds with KLF5 and increases its stability via BAP1, which upregulates beta-catenin signaling, resulting in enhanced TNBC tumorigenesis. PVT1, KLF5, and beta-catenin were also revealed to be co-expressed in clinical TNBC samples. Our findings uncover a new singaling pathway to mediate TNBC, and provide PVT1 as a new target for improving treatment of TNBC.
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Genome-Wide Association of PVT1 with Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1884-1886. [PMID: 29505758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou DD, Liu XF, Lu CW, Pant OP, Liu XD. Long non-coding RNA PVT1: Emerging biomarker in digestive system cancer. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 29027279 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestive system cancers are leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and have high risks of morbidity and mortality. More and more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied to be abnormally expressed in cancers and play a key role in the process of digestive system tumour progression. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) seems fairly novel. Since 1984, PVT1 was identified to be an activator of MYC in mice. Its role in human tumour initiation and progression has long been a subject of interest. The expression of PVT1 is elevated in digestive system cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. In this review, we illustrate the various functions of PVT1 during the different stages in the complex process of digestive system tumours (including oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer). The growing evidence shows the involvement of PVT1 in both proliferation and differentiation process in addition to its involvement in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings lead us to conclude that PVT1 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance in digestive system cancer cells. We will also discuss PVT1's potential in diagnosis and treatment target of digestive system cancer. There was a great probability PVT1 could be a novel biomarker in screening tumours, prognosis biomarkers and future targeted therapy to improve the survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Om Prakash Pant
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Circular RNA profile identifies circPVT1 as a proliferative factor and prognostic marker in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:208-219. [PMID: 27986464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a novel class of widespread non-coding RNAs that may regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the characterization and function of circRNAs in human cancer remain elusive. Here we identified at least 5500 distinct circRNA candidates and a series of circRNAs that are differentially expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues compared with matched normal tissues. We further characterized one circRNA derived from the PVT1 gene and termed it as circPVT1. The expression of circPVT1 is often upregulated in GC tissues due to the amplification of its genomic locus. circPVT1 may promote cell proliferation by acting as a sponge for members of the miR-125 family. The level of circPVT1 was observed as an independent prognostic marker for overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with GC. Our findings suggest that circPVT1 is a novel proliferative factor and prognostic marker in GC.
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Huang C, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Gao F. LncRNA PVT1 overexpression is a poor prognostic biomarker and regulates migration and invasion in small cell lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:5025-5034. [PMID: 27904703 PMCID: PMC5126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PVT1 has been suggested as playing important roles in diverse biological processes including tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and biological function of PVT1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of PVT1 in SCLC. The expression of PVT1 was examined in SCLC tissues and cell lines through real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the relationship of PVT1 expression levels with clinical characteristics of 120 SCLC patients was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between PVT1 expression and prognosis of SCLC patient. The biological function of PVT1 on tumor cell growth and mobility were explored through MTT, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays in vitro. In our results, PVT1 expression was markedly higher in SCLC tissues and cell lines than in normal lung tissues and normal bronchial epithelial cell lines (both P<0.001). High levels of PVT1 were positively associated with the status of clinical stage (Limited vs. Extensive, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (No vs. Yes, P<0.001), and distant metastasis (No vs. Yes, P<0.001) in SCLC patients. Patients with higher PVT1 expression had a significantly poorer overall survival time than did patients with low PVT1 expression (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that PVT1 overexpression was an independent prognostic indicator (P=0.024) for the survival of patients with SCLC. Knocking down PVT1 expression significantly inhibited the SCLC cell migration and invasion in vitro (both P<0.001), but has no effect on the growth of SCLC cells (both P>0.05). In conclusion, PVT1 could serve as a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsuo Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Cancer Center, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai 264000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Iden M, Fye S, Li K, Chowdhury T, Ramchandran R, Rader JS. The lncRNA PVT1 Contributes to the Cervical Cancer Phenotype and Associates with Poor Patient Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156274. [PMID: 27232880 PMCID: PMC4883781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) is an lncRNA that has been designated as an oncogene due to its contribution to the phenotype of multiple cancers. Although the mechanism by which PVT1 influences disease processes has been studied in multiple cancer types, its role in cervical tumorigenesis remains unknown. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the role of PVT1 in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 expression was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 121 invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) samples, 30 normal cervix samples, and cervical cell lines. Functional assays were carried out using both siRNA and LNA-mediated knockdown to examine PVT1's effects on cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and cisplatin resistance. Our results demonstrate that PVT1 expression is significantly increased in ICC tissue versus normal cervix and that higher expression of PVT1 correlates with poorer overall survival. In cervical cancer cell lines, PVT1 knockdown resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while apoptosis and cisplatin cytotoxicity were significantly increased in these cells. Finally, we show that PVT1 expression is augmented in response to hypoxia and immune response stimulation and that this lncRNA associates with the multifunctional and stress-responsive protein, Nucleolin. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence for an oncogenic role of PVT1 in cervical cancer and lend insight into potential mechanisms by which PVT1 overexpression helps drive cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Iden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Keguo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Tamjid Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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Cui M, You L, Ren X, Zhao W, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen Z, Elos MT, Viboolsittiseri SS, Gowan K, Leach SM, Rice M, Eder MD, Jones K, Wang JH. Combined deletion of Xrcc4 and Trp53 in mouse germinal center B cells leads to novel B cell lymphomas with clonal heterogeneity. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:2. [PMID: 26740101 PMCID: PMC4704435 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activated B lymphocytes harbor programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiated by activation-induced deaminase (AID) and repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). While it has been proposed that these DSBs during secondary antibody gene diversification are the primary source of chromosomal translocations in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas, this point has not been directly addressed due to the lack of proper mouse models. Methods In the current study, we establish a unique mouse model by specifically deleting a NHEJ gene, Xrcc4, and a cell cycle checkpoint gene, Trp53, in GC B cells, which results in the spontaneous development of B cell lymphomas that possess features of GC B cells. Results We show that these NHEJ deficient lymphomas harbor translocations frequently targeting immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. Furthermore, we found that Ig translocations were associated with distinct mechanisms, probably caused by AID- or RAG-induced DSBs. Intriguingly, the AID-associated Ig loci translocations target either c-myc or Pvt-1 locus whereas the partners of RAG-associated Ig translocations scattered randomly in the genome. Lastly, these NHEJ deficient lymphomas harbor complicated genomes including segmental translocations and exhibit a high level of ongoing DNA damage and clonal heterogeneity. Conclusions We propose that combined NHEJ and p53 defects may serve as an underlying mechanism for a high level of genomic complexity and clonal heterogeneity in cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0230-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Mihret T Elos
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sawanee S Viboolsittiseri
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.,Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Michael Rice
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maxwell D Eder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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Ilboudo A, Chouhan J, McNeil BK, Osborne JR, Ogunwobi OO. PVT1 Exon 9: A Potential Biomarker of Aggressive Prostate Cancer? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010012. [PMID: 26703666 PMCID: PMC4730403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the greatest source of cancer-related mortality in males of African ancestry (MoAA). Interestingly, this has been shown to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms around regions 2 and 3 of the 8q24 human chromosomal region. The non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa and, therefore, is also a candidate biomarker to explain the well-known disparity in this group. PVT1 has at least 12 exons that make separate transcripts which may have different functions, all of which are at present unknown in PCa. Our aim was to determine if any PVT1 transcripts play a role in aggressiveness and racial disparity in PCa. We used a panel of seven PCa cell lines including three derived from MoAA. Ribonucleic acid extraction, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to evaluate expression of all 12 PVT1 exons. Each qPCR was performed in quadruplicates. At least four separate qPCR experiments were performed. Expression of PVT1 exons was inconsistent except for exon 9. There was no significant difference in exon 9 expression between cell lines derived from Caucasian males (CM), and an indolent cell line derived from MoAA. However, exon 9 expression in the aggressive MDA PCa 2b and E006AA-hT cell lines derived from MoAA was significantly higher than in other cell lines. Consequently, we observed differential expression of exon 9 of PVT1 in a manner that suggests that PVT1 exon 9 may be associated with aggressive PCa in MoAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeodat Ilboudo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jyoti Chouhan
- Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Brian K McNeil
- Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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PVT1: a rising star among oncogenic long noncoding RNAs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:304208. [PMID: 25883951 PMCID: PMC4391155 DOI: 10.1155/2015/304208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that short and long noncoding RNAs critically participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and (mis)function. However, while the functional characterization of short non-coding RNAs has been reaching maturity, there is still a paucity of well characterized long noncoding RNAs, even though large studies in recent years are rapidly increasing the number of annotated ones. The long noncoding RNA PVT1 is encoded by a gene that has been long known since it resides in the well-known cancer risk region 8q24. However, a couple of accidental concurrent conditions have slowed down the study of this gene, that is, a preconception on the primacy of the protein-coding over noncoding RNAs and the prevalent interest in its neighbor MYC oncogene. Recent studies have brought PVT1 under the spotlight suggesting interesting models of functioning, such as competing endogenous RNA activity and regulation of protein stability of important oncogenes, primarily of the MYC oncogene. Despite some advancements in modelling the PVT1 role in cancer, there are many questions that remain unanswered concerning the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its functioning.
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Bhatia S, Kleinjan DA. Disruption of long-range gene regulation in human genetic disease: a kaleidoscope of general principles, diverse mechanisms and unique phenotypic consequences. Hum Genet 2014; 133:815-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Deregulated activation of β-catenin in cancer has been correlated with genomic instability. During thymocyte development, β-catenin activates transcription in partnership with T-cell-specific transcription factor 1 (Tcf-1). We previously reported that targeted activation of β-catenin in thymocytes (CAT mice) induces lymphomas that depend on recombination activating gene (RAG) and myelocytomatosis oncogene (Myc) activities. Here we show that these lymphomas have recurring Tcra/Myc translocations that resulted from illegitimate RAG recombination events and resembled oncogenic translocations previously described in human T-ALL. We therefore used the CAT animal model to obtain mechanistic insights into the transformation process. ChIP-seq analysis uncovered a link between Tcf-1 and RAG2 showing that the two proteins shared binding sites marked by trimethylated histone-3 lysine-4 (H3K4me3) throughout the genome, including near the translocation sites. Pretransformed CAT thymocytes had increased DNA damage at the translocating loci and showed altered repair of RAG-induced DNA double strand breaks. These cells were able to survive despite DNA damage because activated β-catenin promoted an antiapoptosis gene expression profile. Thus, activated β-catenin promotes genomic instability that leads to T-cell lymphomas as a consequence of altered double strand break repair and increased survival of thymocytes with damaged DNA.
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Klein IA, Resch W, Jankovic M, Oliveira T, Yamane A, Nakahashi H, Di Virgilio M, Bothmer A, Nussenzweig A, Robbiani DF, Casellas R, Nussenzweig MC. Translocation-capture sequencing reveals the extent and nature of chromosomal rearrangements in B lymphocytes. Cell 2011; 147:95-106. [PMID: 21962510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations, require formation and joining of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). These events disrupt the integrity of the genome and are frequently involved in producing leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas. Despite the importance of these events, current understanding of their genesis is limited. To examine the origins of chromosomal rearrangements we developed Translocation Capture Sequencing (TC-Seq), a method to document chromosomal rearrangements genome-wide, in primary cells. We examined over 180,000 rearrangements obtained from 400 million B lymphocytes, revealing that proximity between DSBs, transcriptional activity and chromosome territories are key determinants of genome rearrangement. Specifically, rearrangements tend to occur in cis and to transcribed genes. Finally, we find that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) induces the rearrangement of many genes found as translocation partners in mature B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Klein
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Mushinski JF, Davidson WF, Morse HC. Activation of Cellular Oncogenes in Human and Mouse Leukemia-Lymphomas: Spontaneous and Induced Oncogene Expression in Murine B Lymphocytic Neoplasms. Cancer Invest 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07357908709170109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Upregulation of c-MYC in cis through a large chromatin loop linked to a cancer risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:1411-20. [PMID: 20065031 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01384-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have mapped many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are linked to cancer risk, but the mechanism by which most SNPs promote cancer remains undefined. The rs6983267 SNP at 8q24 has been associated with many cancers, yet the SNP falls 335 kb from the nearest gene, c-MYC. We show that the beta-catenin-TCF4 transcription factor complex binds preferentially to the cancer risk-associated rs6983267(G) allele in colon cancer cells. We also show that the rs6983267 SNP has enhancer-related histone marks and can form a 335-kb chromatin loop to interact with the c-MYC promoter. Finally, we show that the SNP has no effect on the efficiency of chromatin looping to the c-MYC promoter but that the cancer risk-associated SNP enhances the expression of the linked c-MYC allele. Thus, cancer risk is a direct consequence of elevated c-MYC expression from increased distal enhancer activity and not from reorganization/creation of the large chromatin loop. The findings of these studies support a mechanism for intergenic SNPs that can promote cancer through the regulation of distal genes by utilizing preexisting large chromatin loops.
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Ng SH, Maas SA, Petkov PM, Mills KD, Paigen K. Colocalization of somatic and meiotic double strand breaks near the Myc oncogene on mouse chromosome 15. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:925-30. [PMID: 19603522 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both somatic and meiotic recombinations involve the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that occur at preferred locations in the genome. Improper repair of DSBs during either mitosis or meiosis can lead to mutations, chromosomal aberration such as translocations, cancer, and/or cell death. Currently, no model exists that explains the locations of either spontaneous somatic DSBs or programmed meiotic DSBs or relates them to each other. One common class of tumorigenic translocations arising from DSBs is chromosomal rearrangements near the Myc oncogene. Myc translocations have been associated with Burkitt lymphoma in humans, plasmacytoma in mice, and immunocytoma in rats. Comparing the locations of somatic and meiotic DSBs near the mouse Myc oncogene, we demonstrated that the placement of these DSBs is not random and that both events clustered in the same short discrete region of the genome. Our work shows that both somatic and meiotic DSBs tend to occur in proximity to each other within the Myc region, suggesting that they share common originating features. It is likely that some regions of the genome are more susceptible to both somatic and meiotic DSBs, and the locations of meiotic hotspots may be an indicator of genomic regions more susceptible to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon H Ng
- Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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