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Lin CP, Levy PL, Alflen A, Apriamashvili G, Ligtenberg MA, Vredevoogd DW, Bleijerveld OB, Alkan F, Malka Y, Hoekman L, Markovits E, George A, Traets JJH, Krijgsman O, van Vliet A, Poźniak J, Pulido-Vicuña CA, de Bruijn B, van Hal-van Veen SE, Boshuizen J, van der Helm PW, Díaz-Gómez J, Warda H, Behrens LM, Mardesic P, Dehni B, Visser NL, Marine JC, Markel G, Faller WJ, Altelaar M, Agami R, Besser MJ, Peeper DS. Multimodal stimulation screens reveal unique and shared genes limiting T cell fitness. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:623-645.e10. [PMID: 38490212 PMCID: PMC11003465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Genes limiting T cell antitumor activity may serve as therapeutic targets. It has not been systematically studied whether there are regulators that uniquely or broadly contribute to T cell fitness. We perform genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in primary CD8 T cells to uncover genes negatively impacting fitness upon three modes of stimulation: (1) intense, triggering activation-induced cell death (AICD); (2) acute, triggering expansion; (3) chronic, causing dysfunction. Besides established regulators, we uncover genes controlling T cell fitness either specifically or commonly upon differential stimulation. Dap5 ablation, ranking highly in all three screens, increases translation while enhancing tumor killing. Loss of Icam1-mediated homotypic T cell clustering amplifies cell expansion and effector functions after both acute and intense stimulation. Lastly, Ctbp1 inactivation induces functional T cell persistence exclusively upon chronic stimulation. Our results functionally annotate fitness regulators based on their unique or shared contribution to traits limiting T cell antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pu Lin
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre L Levy
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Astrid Alflen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgi Apriamashvili
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Ligtenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferhat Alkan
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuval Malka
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52612, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Austin George
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joleen J H Traets
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex van Vliet
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Poźniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos Ariel Pulido-Vicuña
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beaunelle de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan E van Hal-van Veen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Boshuizen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim W van der Helm
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Díaz-Gómez
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamdy Warda
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie M Behrens
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Mardesic
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bilal Dehni
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nils L Visser
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gal Markel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Davidoff Cancer Center and Samueli Integrative Cancer Pioneering Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52612, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Davidoff Cancer Center and Samueli Integrative Cancer Pioneering Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Yang YH, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E in tumorigenesis: Chromosome instability, spindle assembly checkpoint, and applications. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1366113. [PMID: 38560520 PMCID: PMC10978661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1366113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motors are a large family of molecular motors that walk along microtubules to fulfill many roles in intracellular transport, microtubule organization, and chromosome alignment. Kinesin-7 CENP-E (Centromere protein E) is a chromosome scaffold-associated protein that is located in the corona layer of centromeres, which participates in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint. Over the past 3 decades, CENP-E has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target for cancer therapy and drug development. In this review, we describe expression patterns of CENP-E in multiple tumors and highlight the functions of CENP-E in cancer cell proliferation. We summarize recent advances in structural domains, roles, and functions of CENP-E in cell division. Notably, we describe the dual functions of CENP-E in inhibiting and promoting tumorigenesis. We summarize the mechanisms by which CENP-E affects tumorigenesis through chromosome instability and spindle assembly checkpoints. Finally, we overview and summarize the CENP-E-specific inhibitors, mechanisms of drug resistances and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Weber J, Legal T, Lezcano AP, Gluszek-Kustusz A, Paterson C, Eibes S, Barisic M, Davies OR, Welburn JPI. A conserved CENP-E region mediates BubR1-independent recruitment to the outer corona at mitotic onset. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1133-1141.e4. [PMID: 38354735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The outer corona plays an essential role at the onset of mitosis by expanding to maximize microtubule attachment to kinetochores.1,2 The low-density structure of the corona forms through the expansion of unattached kinetochores. It comprises the RZZ complex, the dynein adaptor Spindly, the plus-end directed microtubule motor centromere protein E (CENP-E), and the Mad1/Mad2 spindle-assembly checkpoint proteins.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CENP-E specifically associates with unattached kinetochores to facilitate chromosome congression,11,12,13,14,15,16 interacting with BubR1 at the kinetochore through its C-terminal region (2091-2358).17,18,19,20,21 We recently showed that CENP-E recruitment to BubR1 at the kinetochores is both rapid and essential for correct chromosome alignment. However, CENP-E is also recruited to the outer corona by a second, slower pathway that is currently undefined.19 Here, we show that BubR1-independent localization of CENP-E is mediated by a conserved loop that is essential for outer-corona targeting. We provide a structural model of the entire CENP-E kinetochore-targeting domain combining X-ray crystallography and Alphafold2. We reveal that maximal recruitment of CENP-E to unattached kinetochores critically depends on BubR1 and the outer corona, including dynein. Ectopic expression of the CENP-E C-terminal domain recruits the RZZ complex, Mad1, and Spindly, and prevents kinetochore biorientation in cells. We propose that BubR1-recruited CENP-E, in addition to its essential role in chromosome alignment to the metaphase plate, contributes to the recruitment of outer corona proteins through interactions with the CENP-E corona-targeting domain to facilitate the rapid capture of microtubules for efficient chromosome alignment and mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeraldine Weber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alicia Perez Lezcano
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Agata Gluszek-Kustusz
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Calum Paterson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Owen R Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK.
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4
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Zhang JL, Xu MF, Chen J, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I. Chromosoma 2024:10.1007/s00412-024-00818-w. [PMID: 38456964 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiosis is the genetic basis for sexual reproduction, which is important for chromosome stability and species evolution. The defects in meiosis usually lead to chromosome aneuploidy, reduced gamete number, and genetic diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well clarified. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is a key regulator in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in cell division. However, the functions and mechanisms of CENP-E in male meiosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we have revealed that the CENP-E gene was highly expressed in the rat testis. CENP-E inhibition influences chromosome alignment and spindle organization in metaphase I spermatocytes. We have found that a portion of misaligned homologous chromosomes is located at the spindle poles after CENP-E inhibition, which further activates the spindle assembly checkpoint during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat spermatocytes. Furthermore, CENP-E depletion leads to abnormal spermatogenesis, reduced sperm count, and abnormal sperm head structure. Our findings have elucidated that CENP-E is essential for homologous chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatocytes, which further contribute to chromosome stability and sperm cell quality during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Wu J, Raas MW, Alcaraz PS, Vos HR, Tromer EC, Snel B, Kops GJ. A farnesyl-dependent structural role for CENP-E in expansion of the fibrous corona. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202303007. [PMID: 37934467 PMCID: PMC10630089 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct chromosome segregation during cell division depends on proper connections between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. During prometaphase, kinetochores are temporarily covered with a dense protein meshwork known as the fibrous corona. Formed by oligomerization of ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH-SPINDLY (RZZ-S) complexes, the fibrous corona promotes spindle assembly, chromosome orientation, and spindle checkpoint signaling. The molecular requirements for formation of the fibrous corona are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibrous corona depends on the mitotic kinesin CENP-E and that poorly expanded fibrous coronas after CENP-E depletion are functionally compromised. This previously unrecognized role for CENP-E does not require its motor activity but instead is driven by farnesyl modification of its C-terminal kinetochore- and microtubule-binding domain. We show that in cells, CENP-E binds Spindly and recruits RZZ-S complexes to ectopic locations in a farnesyl-dependent manner. CENP-E is recruited to kinetochores following RZZ-S, and-while not required for RZZ-S oligomerization per se-promotes subsequent fibrous corona expansion. Our comparative genomics analyses suggest that the farnesylation motif in CENP-E orthologs emerged alongside the full RZZ-S module in an ancestral lineage close to the fungi-animal split (Obazoa), revealing potential conservation of the mechanisms for fibrous corona formation. Our results show that proper spindle assembly has a potentially conserved non-motor contribution from the kinesin CENP-E through stabilization of the fibrous corona meshwork during its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian W.D. Raas
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eelco C. Tromer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert J.P.L. Kops
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Cmentowski V, Ciossani G, d'Amico E, Wohlgemuth S, Owa M, Dynlacht B, Musacchio A. RZZ-Spindly and CENP-E form an integrated platform to recruit dynein to the kinetochore corona. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114838. [PMID: 37984321 PMCID: PMC10711656 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation on the mitotic spindle is prerequisite to errorless genome inheritance. CENP-E (kinesin-7) and dynein-dynactin (DD), microtubule motors with opposite polarity, promote biorientation from the kinetochore corona, a polymeric structure whose assembly requires MPS1 kinase. The corona's building block consists of ROD, Zwilch, ZW10, and the DD adaptor Spindly (RZZS). How CENP-E and DD are scaffolded and mutually coordinated in the corona remains unclear. Here, we show that when corona assembly is prevented through MPS1 inhibition, CENP-E is absolutely required to retain RZZS at kinetochores. An RZZS phosphomimetic mutant bypasses this requirement, demonstrating the existence of a second receptor for polymeric RZZS. With active MPS1, CENP-E is dispensable for corona expansion, but strictly required for physiological kinetochore accumulation of DD. Thus, we identify the corona as an integrated scaffold where CENP-E kinesin controls DD kinetochore loading for coordinated bidirectional transport of chromosome cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Ennio d'Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
Division of Structural StudiesMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of PathologyNew York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of PathologyNew York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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Gluszek‐Kustusz A, Craske B, Legal T, McHugh T, Welburn JPI. Phosphorylation controls spatial and temporal activities of motor-PRC1 complexes to complete mitosis. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113647. [PMID: 37592895 PMCID: PMC10620760 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, spindle architecture alters as chromosomes segregate into daughter cells. The microtubule crosslinker protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is essential for spindle stability, chromosome segregation and completion of cytokinesis, but how it recruits motors to the central spindle to coordinate the segregation of chromosomes is unknown. Here, we combine structural and cell biology approaches to show that the human CENP-E motor, which is essential for chromosome capture and alignment by microtubules, binds to PRC1 through a conserved hydrophobic motif. This binding mechanism is also used by Kinesin-4 Kif4A:PRC1. Using in vitro reconstitution, we demonstrate that CENP-E slides antiparallel PRC1-crosslinked microtubules. We find that the regulation of CENP-E -PRC1 interaction is spatially and temporally coupled with relocalization to overlapping microtubules in anaphase. Finally, we demonstrate that the PRC1-microtubule motor interaction is essential in anaphase to control chromosome partitioning, retain central spindle integrity and ensure cytokinesis. Taken together our findings reveal the molecular basis for the cell cycle regulation of motor-PRC1 complexes to couple chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gluszek‐Kustusz
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Benjamin Craske
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Toni McHugh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Julie PI Welburn
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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8
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Fang H, Zhang Y, Lin C, Sun Z, Wen W, Sheng H, Lin J. Primary microcephaly gene CENPE is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227143. [PMID: 37593739 PMCID: PMC10427915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the subtypes with the highest genetic heterogeneity in MB, and its current treatment strategies have unsatisfactory results and significant side effects. As a member of the centromere protein (CENP) family, centromeric protein E (CENPE) is a microtubule plus-end-directed kinetochore protein. Heterozygous mutations in CENPE can leads to primary microcephaly syndrome. It has been reported that CENPE is upregulated in MB, but its role in MB development is still unknown. Methods We downloaded the relevant RNA seq data and matched clinical information from the GEO database. Bioinformatics analysis includes differential gene expression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, nomogram analysis, ROC curve analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, and gene function enrichment analysis. Moreover, the effects of CENPE expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway of non-WNT/non-SHH MB were validated using CENPE specific siRNA in vitro experiments. Results Compared with normal tissues, CENPE was highly expressed in MB tissues and served as an independent prognostic factor for survival in non-WNT/non-SHH MB patients. The nomogram analysis and ROC curve further confirmed these findings. At the same time, immune cell infiltration analysis showed that CENPE may participate in the immune response and tumor microenvironment (TME) of non-WNT/non-SHH MB. In addition, gene enrichment analysis showed that CENPE was closely related to the cell cycle and p53 pathway in non-WNT/non-SHH MB. In vitro experimental validation showed that knockdown of CENPE inhibited cell proliferation by activating the p53 signaling pathway and blocking the cell cycle. Conclusion The expression of CENPE in non-WNT/non-SHH MB was positively correlated with poor prognosis. CENPE may affect tumor progression by regulating cell cycle, p53 pathway, and immune infiltration. Hence, CENPE is highly likely a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for non-WNT/non-SHH MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangyi Fang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | | | - Zhenkai Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hansong Sheng
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Cmentowski V, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Wohlgemuth S, Owa M, Dynlacht B, Musacchio A. A mechanism that integrates microtubule motors of opposite polarity at the kinetochore corona. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538277. [PMID: 37163019 PMCID: PMC10168246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation on the mitotic spindle is prerequisite to errorless genome inheritance. CENP-E (kinesin 7) and Dynein-Dynactin (DD), microtubule motors with opposite polarity, promote biorientation from the kinetochore corona, a polymeric structure whose assembly requires MPS1 kinase. The corona's building block consists of ROD, Zwilch, ZW10, and the DD adaptor Spindly (RZZS). How CENP-E and DD are scaffolded and mutually coordinated in the corona remains unclear. Here, we report near-complete depletion of RZZS and DD from kinetochores after depletion of CENP-E and the outer kinetochore protein KNL1. With inhibited MPS1, CENP-E, which we show binds directly to RZZS, is required to retain kinetochore RZZS. An RZZS phosphomimetic mutant bypasses this requirement. With active MPS1, CENP-E is dispensable for corona expansion, but strictly required for physiological kinetochore accumulation of DD. Thus, we identify the corona as an integrated scaffold where CENP-E kinesin controls DD kinetochore loading for coordinated bidirectional transport of chromosome cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Rani B, Gupta DK, Johansson S, Kamranvar SA. Contribution of integrin adhesion to cytokinetic abscission and genomic integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1048717. [PMID: 36578785 PMCID: PMC9791049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that integrin-mediated adhesion contributes to the regulation of cell division at two key steps: the formation of the mitotic spindle at the mitotic entry and the final cytokinetic abscission at the mitotic exit. Failure in either of these processes will have a direct impact on the other in each round of the cell cycle and on the genomic integrity. This review aims to present how integrin signals are involved at these cell cycle stages under normal conditions and some safety mechanisms that may counteract the generation of aneuploid cells in cases of defective integrin signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Rani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepesh K. Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
| | - Siamak A. Kamranvar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
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11
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She ZY, Xu MF, Jiang SY, Wei YL. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is essential for chromosome alignment and spindle assembly of mouse spermatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119306. [PMID: 35680098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability depends on chromosome congression and alignment during cell division. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is critical for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and chromosome alignment, which contribute to genome stability in mitosis. However, the functions and mechanisms of CENP-E in the meiotic division of male spermatocytes remain largely unknown. In this study, by combining the use of chemical inhibitors, siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, immunohistochemistry, and high-resolution microscopy, we have found that CENP-E inhibition results in chromosome misalignment and metaphase arrest in dividing spermatocyte during meiosis. Strikingly, we have revealed that CENP-E regulates spindle organization in metaphase I spermatocytes and cultured GC-2 spd cells. CENP-E depletion leads to spindle elongation, chromosome misalignment, and chromosome instability in spermatocytes. Together, these findings indicate that CENP-E mediates the kinetochore recruitment of BubR1, spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome alignment in dividing spermatocytes, which finally contribute to faithful chromosome segregation and chromosome stability in the male meiotic division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Sun-Ying Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350011, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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12
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Vukušić K, Tolić IM. Polar Chromosomes—Challenges of a Risky Path. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091531. [PMID: 35563837 PMCID: PMC9101661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of chromosome congression and alignment is at the core of mitotic fidelity. In this review, we discuss distinct spatial routes that the chromosomes take to align during prometaphase, which are characterized by distinct biomolecular requirements. Peripheral polar chromosomes are an intriguing case as their alignment depends on the activity of kinetochore motors, polar ejection forces, and a transition from lateral to end-on attachments to microtubules, all of which can result in the delayed alignment of these chromosomes. Due to their undesirable position close to and often behind the spindle pole, these chromosomes may be particularly prone to the formation of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule interactions, such as merotelic attachments. To prevent such errors, the cell employs intricate mechanisms to preposition the spindle poles with respect to chromosomes, ensure the formation of end-on attachments in restricted spindle regions, repair faulty attachments by error correction mechanisms, and delay segregation by the spindle assembly checkpoint. Despite this protective machinery, there are several ways in which polar chromosomes can fail in alignment, mis-segregate, and lead to aneuploidy. In agreement with this, polar chromosomes are present in certain tumors and may even be involved in the process of tumorigenesis.
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13
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Craske B, Legal T, Welburn JPI. Reconstitution of an active human CENP-E motor. Open Biol 2022; 12:210389. [PMID: 35259950 PMCID: PMC8905165 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP-E is a large kinesin motor protein which plays pivotal roles in mitosis by facilitating chromosome capture and alignment, and promoting microtubule flux in the spindle. So far, it has not been possible to obtain active human CENP-E to study its molecular properties. Xenopus CENP-E motor has been characterized in vitro and is used as a model motor; however, its protein sequence differs significantly from human CENP-E. Here, we characterize human CENP-E motility in vitro. Full-length CENP-E exhibits an increase in run length and longer residency times on microtubules when compared to CENP-E motor truncations, indicating that the C-terminal microtubule-binding site enhances the processivity when the full-length motor is active. In contrast with constitutively active human CENP-E truncations, full-length human CENP-E has a reduced microtubule landing rate in vitro, suggesting that the non-motor coiled-coil regions self-regulate motor activity. Together, we demonstrate that human CENP-E is a processive motor, providing a useful tool to study the mechanistic basis for how human CENP-E drives chromosome congression and spindle organization during human cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Craske
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie P. I. Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3BF, UK
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14
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Verma V, Maresca TJ. A celebration of the 25th anniversary of chromatin-mediated spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:rt1. [PMID: 35076260 PMCID: PMC9236140 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a bipolar spindle is required for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Twenty-five years ago, a transformative insight into how bipolarity is achieved was provided by Rebecca Heald, Eric Karsenti, and colleagues in their landmark publication characterizing a chromatin-mediated spindle assembly pathway in which centrosomes and kinetochores were dispensable. The discovery revealed that bipolar spindle assembly is a self-organizing process where microtubules, which possess an intrinsic polarity, polymerize around chromatin and become sorted by mitotic motors into a bipolar structure. On the 25th anniversary of this seminal paper, we discuss what was known before, what we have learned since, and what may lie ahead in understanding the bipolar spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Verma
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Thomas J Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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15
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Zaqout S, Kaindl AM. Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly: Not Just a Small Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784700. [PMID: 35111754 PMCID: PMC8802810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly or reduced head circumference results from a multitude of abnormal developmental processes affecting brain growth and/or leading to brain atrophy. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is the prototype of isolated primary (congenital) microcephaly, affecting predominantly the cerebral cortex. For MCPH, an accelerating number of mutated genes emerge annually, and they are involved in crucial steps of neurogenesis. In this review article, we provide a deeper look into the microcephalic MCPH brain. We explore cytoarchitecture focusing on the cerebral cortex and discuss diverse processes occurring at the level of neural progenitors, early generated and mature neurons, and glial cells. We aim to thereby give an overview of current knowledge in MCPH phenotype and normal brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Iegiani G, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. Inhibiting microcephaly genes as alternative to microtubule targeting agents to treat brain tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:956. [PMID: 34663805 PMCID: PMC8523548 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) and gliomas are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors (HGBT) in children and adulthood, respectively. The general treatment for these tumors consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the improvement in patient survival, these therapies are only partially effective, and many patients still die. In the last decades, microtubules have emerged as interesting molecular targets for HGBT, as various microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been developed and tested pre-clinically and clinically with encouraging results. Nevertheless, these treatments produce relevant side effects since they target microtubules in normal as well as in cancerous cells. A possible strategy to overcome this toxicity could be to target proteins that control microtubule dynamics but are required by HGBT cells much more than in normal cell types. The genes mutated in primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) are ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, but under normal conditions are selectively required during brain development, in neural progenitors. There is evidence that MB and glioma cells share molecular profiles with progenitors of cerebellar granules and of cortical radial glia cells, in which MCPH gene functions are fundamental. Moreover, several studies indicate that MCPH genes are required for HGBT expansion. Among the 25 known MCPH genes, we focus this review on KNL1, ASPM, CENPE, CITK and KIF14, which have been found to control microtubule stability during cell division. We summarize the current knowledge about the molecular basis of their interaction with microtubules. Moreover, we will discuss data that suggest these genes are promising candidates as HGBT-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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17
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Transcriptomic Changes Following Partial Depletion of CENP-E in Normal Human Fibroblasts. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091322. [PMID: 34573304 PMCID: PMC8466516 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a fundamental chromosome structure in which the macro-molecular kinetochore assembles and is bound by spindle microtubules, allowing the segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Any alterations in kinetochore assembly or functioning or kinetochore–microtubule attachments jeopardize chromosome stability, leading to aneuploidy, a common feature of cancer cells. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) supervises this process, ensuring a faithful segregation of chromosomes. CENP-E is both a protein of the kinetochore and a crucial component of the SAC required for kinetochore–microtubule capture and stable attachment, as well as congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. As the function of CENP-E is restricted to mitosis, its haploinsufficiency has been used to study the induced cell aneuploidy; however, the gene expression profile triggered by CENP-E reduction in normal cells has never been explored. To fill this gap, here we investigated whether a gene network exists that is associated with an siRNA-induced 50% reduction in CENP-E and consequent aneuploidy. Gene expression microarray analyses were performed at early and late timepoints after transfection. Initially, cell cycle regulation and stress response pathways were downregulated, while afterwards pathways involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, hypoxia and xenobiotic metabolism were altered. Collectively, our results suggest that CENP-E reduction triggers a gene expression program that recapitulates some features of tumor cells.
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18
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Maiato H. Mitosis under the macroscope. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:1-5. [PMID: 34172396 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Barisic M, Rajendraprasad G, Steblyanko Y. The metaphase spindle at steady state - Mechanism and functions of microtubule poleward flux. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:99-117. [PMID: 34053864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a bipolar cellular structure, built from tubulin polymers, called microtubules, and interacting proteins. This macromolecular machine orchestrates chromosome segregation, thereby ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material into the two daughter cells during cell division. Powered by GTP hydrolysis upon tubulin polymerization, the microtubule ends exhibit a metastable behavior known as the dynamic instability, during which they stochastically switch between the growth and shrinkage phases. In the context of the mitotic spindle, dynamic instability is furthermore regulated by microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, which enables the spindle to undergo profound changes during mitosis. This highly dynamic behavior is essential for chromosome capture and congression in prometaphase, as well as for chromosome alignment to the spindle equator in metaphase and their segregation in anaphase. In this review we focus on the mechanisms underlying microtubule dynamics and sliding and their importance for the maintenance of shape, structure and dynamics of the metaphase spindle. We discuss how these spindle properties are related to the phenomenon of microtubule poleward flux, highlighting its highly cooperative molecular basis and role in keeping the metaphase spindle at a steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Subramonian D, Chen TA, Paolini N, Zhang XDD. Poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:855-873. [PMID: 33910471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1907509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO modification is required for the kinetochore localization of the kinesin-like motor protein CENP-E, which subsequently mediates the alignment of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sumoylation regulates CENP-E kinetochore localization are still unclear. In this study, we first elucidate that the kinetochore protein Nuf2 is not only required for CENP-E kinetochore localization but also preferentially modified by poly-SUMO-2/3 chains. In addition, poly-SUMO-2/3 modification of Nuf2 is significantly upregulated during mitosis, which is temporally correlated to the kinetochore localization of CENP-E during mitosis. We further show that the mitotic defects in CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression caused by global inhibition of sumoylation can be rescued by expressing a fusion protein between Nuf2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 for stimulating Nuf2 SUMO-2/3 modification. Moreover, the expression of another fusion protein between Nuf2 and three SUMO-2 moieties (SUMO-2 trimer), which mimics the trimeric SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2, can also rescue the mitotic defects due to global inhibition of sumoylation. Conversely, expressing the other forms of Nuf2-SUMO fusion proteins, which imitate Nuf2 modifications by SUMO-2/3 monomer, SUMO-2/3 dimer, and SUMO-1 trimer, respectively, cannot rescue the same mitotic defects. Lastly, compared to Nuf2, the fusion protein simulating the trimeric SUMO-2 chain-modified Nuf2 exhibits a significantly higher binding affinity to CENP-E wild type containing a functional SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) but not the CENP-E SIM mutant. Hence, our results support a model that poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis.Abbreviations: CENP-E, centromere-associated protein E; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; SIM, SUMO-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Te-An Chen
- Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Dong David Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
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21
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Gama Braga L, Prifti DK, Garand C, Saini PK, Elowe S. A quantitative and semiautomated method for determining misaligned and lagging chromosomes during mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:880-891. [PMID: 33085580 PMCID: PMC8108530 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome alignment at metaphase facilitates the equal segregation of sister chromatids to each of the nascent daughter cells. Lack of proper metaphase alignment is an indicator of defective chromosome congression and aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachments which in turn promotes chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, hallmarks of cancer. Tools to sensitively, accurately, and quantitatively measure chromosome alignment at metaphase will facilitate understanding of the contribution of chromosome segregation errors to the development of aneuploidy. In this work, we have developed and validated a method based on analytical geometry to measure several indicators of chromosome misalignment. We generated semiautomated and flexible ImageJ2/Fiji pipelines to quantify kinetochore misalignment at metaphase plates as well as lagging chromosomes at anaphase. These tools will ultimately allow sensitive and systematic quantitation of these chromosome segregation defects in cells undergoing mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Gama Braga
- Programme en Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Diogjena Katerina Prifti
- Programme en Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar Saini
- Programme en Médicine moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Pédiatire, Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval et le Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
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22
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Iegiani G, Gai M, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. CENPE Inhibition Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe and DNA Damage in Medulloblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051028. [PMID: 33804489 PMCID: PMC7957796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective, since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. CENPE is a gene critical for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB cells are very similar to neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In MB cell lines, CENPE depletion induced defects in division and resulted in cell death. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, a specific inhibitor already in clinical trials for other cancer types. GSK923295 induced effects similar to CENPE depletion at low nM levels, supporting the idea that CENPE’s inhibition could be a viable strategy for MB treatment. Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in 25 different genes. Centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) heterozygous mutations cause the MCPH13 syndrome. As for other MCPH genes, CENPE is required for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB shares many molecular features with neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In ONS-76 and DAOY cells, CENPE knockdown induced mitotic defects and apoptosis. Moreover, CENPE depletion induced endogenous DNA damage accumulation, activating TP53 or TP73 as well as cell death signaling pathways. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, an allosteric inhibitor already in clinical trial for other cancer types. GSK923295, induced effects similar to CENPE depletion with higher penetrance, at low nM levels, suggesting that CENPE’s inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
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23
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Leaving no-one behind: how CENP-E facilitates chromosome alignment. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:313-324. [PMID: 32347304 PMCID: PMC7475649 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome alignment and biorientation is essential for mitotic progression and genomic stability. Most chromosomes align at the spindle equator in a motor-independent manner. However, a subset of polar kinetochores fail to bi-orient and require a microtubule motor-based transport mechanism to move to the cell equator. Centromere Protein E (CENP-E/KIF10) is a kinesin motor from the Kinesin-7 family, which localizes to unattached kinetochores during mitosis and utilizes plus-end directed microtubule motility to slide mono-oriented chromosomes to the spindle equator. Recent work has revealed how CENP-E cooperates with chromokinesins and dynein to mediate chromosome congression and highlighted its role at aligned chromosomes. Additionally, we have gained new mechanistic insights into the targeting and regulation of CENP-E motor activity at the kinetochore. Here, we will review the function of CENP-E in chromosome congression, the pathways that contribute to CENP-E loading at the kinetochore, and how CENP-E activity is regulated during mitosis.
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24
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She ZY, Yu KW, Wei YL, Zhong N, Lin Y. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates the formation and structural maintenance of the acrosome. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1167-1182. [PMID: 33237480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The acrosome is a special organelle that develops from the Golgi apparatus and the endolysosomal compartment in the spermatids. Centromere protein E (CENP-E) is an essential kinesin motor in chromosome congression and alignment. This study is aimed at investigating the roles and mechanisms of kinesin-7 CENP-E in the formation of the acrosome during spermatogenesis. Male ICR mice are injected with GSK923295 for long-term inhibition of CENP-E. Chemical inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of CENP-E are carried out in the GC-2 spd cells. The morphology of the acrosomes is determined by the HE staining, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We have identified CENP-E is a key factor in the formation and structural maintenance of the acrosome during acrosome biogenesis. Long-term inhibition of CENP-E by GSK923295 results in the asymmetric acrosome and the dispersed acrosome. CENP-E depletion leads to the malformation of the Golgi complex and abnormal targeting of the PICK1- and PIST-positive Golgi-associated vesicles. Our findings uncover an essential role of CENP-E in membrane trafficking and structural organization of the acrosome in the spermatids during spermatogenesis. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in vesicle trafficking and architecture maintenance of the acrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350011, Fujian, China.,Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
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25
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Steblyanko Y, Rajendraprasad G, Osswald M, Eibes S, Jacome A, Geley S, Pereira AJ, Maiato H, Barisic M. Microtubule poleward flux in human cells is driven by the coordinated action of four kinesins. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105432. [PMID: 33073400 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) undergo continuous poleward flux, whose driving force and function in humans remain unclear. Here, we combined loss-of-function screenings with analysis of MT-dynamics in human cells to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying MT-flux. We report that kinesin-7/CENP-E at kinetochores (KTs) is the predominant driver of MT-flux in early prometaphase, while kinesin-4/KIF4A on chromosome arms facilitates MT-flux during late prometaphase and metaphase. Both these activities work in coordination with kinesin-5/EG5 and kinesin-12/KIF15, and our data suggest that the MT-flux driving force is transmitted from non-KT-MTs to KT-MTs by the MT couplers HSET and NuMA. Additionally, we found that the MT-flux rate correlates with spindle length, and this correlation depends on the establishment of stable end-on KT-MT attachments. Strikingly, we find that MT-flux is required to regulate spindle length by counteracting kinesin 13/MCAK-dependent MT-depolymerization. Thus, our study unveils the long-sought mechanism of MT-flux in human cells as relying on the coordinated action of four kinesins to compensate for MT-depolymerization and regulate spindle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Steblyanko
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mariana Osswald
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Eibes
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ariana Jacome
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - António J Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marin Barisic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Legal T, Hayward D, Gluszek-Kustusz A, Blackburn EA, Spanos C, Rappsilber J, Gruneberg U, Welburn JPI. The C-terminal helix of BubR1 is essential for CENP-E-dependent chromosome alignment. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246025. [PMID: 32665320 PMCID: PMC7473641 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell division, misaligned chromosomes are captured and aligned by motors before their segregation. The CENP-E motor is recruited to polar unattached kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. The spindle checkpoint protein BubR1 (also known as BUB1B) has been reported as a CENP-E interacting partner, but the extent to which BubR1 contributes to CENP-E localization at kinetochores has remained controversial. Here we define the molecular determinants that specify the interaction between BubR1 and CENP-E. The basic C-terminal helix of BubR1 is necessary but not sufficient for CENP-E interaction, and a minimal key acidic patch on the kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E is also essential. We then demonstrate that BubR1 is required for the recruitment of CENP-E to kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. This BubR1-CENP-E axis is critical for alignment of chromosomes that have failed to congress through other pathways and recapitulates the major known function of CENP-E. Overall, our studies define the molecular basis and the function for CENP-E recruitment to BubR1 at kinetochores during mammalian mitosis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Agata Gluszek-Kustusz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
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27
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Montaudon E, Nikitorowicz-Buniak J, Sourd L, Morisset L, El Botty R, Huguet L, Dahmani A, Painsec P, Nemati F, Vacher S, Chemlali W, Masliah-Planchon J, Château-Joubert S, Rega C, Leal MF, Simigdala N, Pancholi S, Ribas R, Nicolas A, Meseure D, Vincent-Salomon A, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Gentien D, Larcher T, Bohec M, Baulande S, Bernard V, Decaudin D, Coussy F, Le Romancer M, Dutertre G, Tariq Z, Cottu P, Driouch K, Bièche I, Martin LA, Marangoni E. PLK1 inhibition exhibits strong anti-tumoral activity in CCND1-driven breast cancer metastases with acquired palbociclib resistance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4053. [PMID: 32792481 PMCID: PMC7426966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with oestrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers (BC) develop resistance to endocrine treatments (ET) and relapse with metastatic disease. Here we perform whole exome sequencing and gene expression analysis of matched primary breast tumours and bone metastasis-derived patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Transcriptomic analyses reveal enrichment of the G2/M checkpoint and up-regulation of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in PDX. PLK1 inhibition results in tumour shrinkage in highly proliferating CCND1-driven PDX, including different RB-positive PDX with acquired palbociclib resistance. Mechanistic studies in endocrine resistant cell lines, suggest an ER-independent function of PLK1 in regulating cell proliferation. Finally, in two independent clinical cohorts of ER positive BC, we find a strong association between high expression of PLK1 and a shorter metastases-free survival and poor response to anastrozole. In conclusion, our findings support clinical development of PLK1 inhibitors in patients with advanced CCND1-driven BC, including patients progressing on palbociclib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Montaudon
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Laura Sourd
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Morisset
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rania El Botty
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Léa Huguet
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Dahmani
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Painsec
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fariba Nemati
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Camilla Rega
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | | | - Nikiana Simigdala
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - Sunil Pancholi
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Ribas
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Reyes
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Rapinat
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- INRA, APEX-PAnTher, Oniris, Rue De La Géraudière Cedex 3, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - Mylène Bohec
- Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coussy
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 Rue Laennec, 69000, Lyon, France
| | | | - Zakia Tariq
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Paul Cottu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
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28
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Liu X, Xu L, Li J, Yao PY, Wang W, Ismail H, Wang H, Liao B, Yang Z, Ward T, Ruan K, Zhang J, Wu Q, He P, Ding X, Wang D, Fu C, Dou Z, Yan F, Wang W, Liu X, Yao X. Mitotic motor CENP-E cooperates with PRC1 in temporal control of central spindle assembly. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:654-665. [PMID: 31174204 PMCID: PMC7683015 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Error-free cell division depends on the accurate assembly of the spindle midzone from dynamic spindle microtubules to ensure chromatid segregation during metaphase-anaphase transition. However, the mechanism underlying the key transition from the mitotic spindle to central spindle before anaphase onset remains elusive. Given the prevalence of chromosome instability phenotype in gastric tumorigenesis, we developed a strategy to model context-dependent cell division using a combination of light sheet microscope and 3D gastric organoids. Light sheet microscopic image analyses of 3D organoids showed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing aberrant metaphase-anaphase transition and exhibiting chromosome segregation errors during mitosis. High-resolution real-time imaging analyses of 2D cell culture revealed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing central spindle splitting and chromosome instability phenotype. Using biotinylated syntelin as an affinity matrix, we found that CENP-E forms a complex with PRC1 in mitotic cells. Chemical inhibition of CENP-E in metaphase by syntelin prevented accurate central spindle assembly by perturbing temporal assembly of PRC1 to the midzone. Thus, CENP-E-mediated PRC1 assembly to the central spindle constitutes a temporal switch to organize dynamic kinetochore microtubules into stable midzone arrays. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized role of CENP-E in temporal control of central spindle assembly. Since CENP-E is absent from yeast, we reasoned that metazoans evolved an elaborate central spindle organization machinery to ensure accurate sister chromatid segregation during anaphase and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Leilei Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Junying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Phil Y Yao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Wanjuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hazrat Ismail
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bryce Liao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Institute of ProteoGenomics, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ke Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianchun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Quan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ping He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xia Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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29
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Liu X, Liu X, Wang H, Dou Z, Ruan K, Hill DL, Li L, Shi Y, Yao X. Phase separation drives decision making in cell division. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13419-13431. [PMID: 32699013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomolecules drives the formation of subcellular compartments with distinct physicochemical properties. These compartments, free of lipid bilayers and therefore called membraneless organelles, include nucleoli, centrosomes, heterochromatin, and centromeres. These have emerged as a new paradigm to account for subcellular organization and cell fate decisions. Here we summarize recent studies linking LLPS to mitotic spindle, heterochromatin, and centromere assembly and their plasticity controls in the context of the cell division cycle, highlighting a functional role for phase behavior and material properties of proteins assembled onto heterochromatin, centromeres, and central spindles via LLPS. The techniques and tools for visualizing and harnessing membraneless organelle dynamics and plasticity in mitosis are also discussed, as is the potential for these discoveries to promote new research directions for investigating chromosome dynamics, plasticity, and interchromosome interactions in the decision-making process during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haowei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Donald L Hill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Yu KW, She ZY, Wei YL, Zhong N. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates cell division, gastrulation and organogenesis in development. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151107. [PMID: 32800279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-7 CENP-E motor protein is essential for chromosome alignment and kinetochore-microtubule attachment in cell division. Human CENP-E has recently identified to be linked with the microcephalic primordial dwarfism syndromes associated with a smaller head, brain malformations and a prominent nose. However, the roles of CENP-E in embryonic development remain largely unknown. In this study, we find that zebrafish CENP-E inhibition results in defects in early zygote cleavage, including asymmetric cell division, cell cycle arrest and the developmental abnormalities. We also demonstrate that CENP-E ablation in cultured cells leads to chromosome misalignment, spindle abnormalities and interruptions of the cell cycle. These observations suggest that CENP-E plays a key role in early cell division and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, we also find that CENP-E inhibition results in the defects in the epiboly, the developmental arrest, the smaller head and the abnormal embryo during zebrafish embryogenesis. Our data demonstrate new functions of CENP-E in development and provide insights into its essential roles in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350011, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
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31
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She ZY, Yu KW, Zhong N, Xiao Y, Wei YL, Lin Y, Li YL, Lu MH. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates chromosome alignment and genome stability of spermatogenic cells. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:25. [PMID: 32351712 PMCID: PMC7171076 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-7 CENP-E is an essential kinetochore motor required for chromosome alignment and congression. However, the specific functions of CENP-E in the spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we find that CENP-E proteins are expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and the elongating spermatids. CENP-E inhibition by specific inhibitor GSK923295 results in the disruption of spermatogenesis and cell cycle arrest of spermatogenic cells. Both spermatogonia and spermatocytes are arrested in metaphase and several chromosomes are not aligned at the equatorial plate. We find that CENP-E inhibition leads to chromosome misalignment, the spindle disorganization, and the formation of the aneuploidy cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of CENP-E results in the defects in the formation of spermatids, including the sperm head condensation and the sperm tail formation. We have revealed that kinesin-7 CENP-E is essential for chromosome alignment and genome stability of the spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001 China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Provincial Children’s Hospital, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001 China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
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32
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BubR1 phosphorylates CENP-E as a switch enabling the transition from lateral association to end-on capture of spindle microtubules. Cell Res 2019; 29:562-578. [PMID: 31201382 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, powered congression of those chromosomes, their segregation in anaphase, and assembly of a spindle midzone at mitotic exit. The centromere-associated kinesin motor CENP-E, whose binding partner is BubR1, has been implicated in congression of misaligned chromosomes and the transition from lateral kinetochore-microtubule association to end-on capture. Although previously proposed to be a pseudokinase, here we report the structure of the kinase domain of Drosophila melanogaster BubR1, revealing its folding into a conformation predicted to be catalytically active. BubR1 is shown to be a bona fide kinase whose phosphorylation of CENP-E switches it from a laterally attached microtubule motor to a plus-end microtubule tip tracker. Computational modeling is used to identify bubristatin as a selective BubR1 kinase antagonist that targets the αN1 helix of N-terminal extension and αC helix of the BubR1 kinase domain. Inhibition of CENP-E phosphorylation is shown to prevent proper microtubule capture at kinetochores and, surprisingly, proper assembly of the central spindle at mitotic exit. Thus, BubR1-mediated CENP-E phosphorylation produces a temporal switch that enables transition from lateral to end-on microtubule capture and organization of microtubules into stable midzone arrays.
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33
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Samejima I, Platani M, Earnshaw WC. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Study the Centromere and Kinetochore. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 56:3-27. [PMID: 28840231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of paths have led to the present list of centromere proteins, which is essentially complete for constitutive structural proteins, but still may be only partial if we consider the many other proteins that briefly visit the centromere and kinetochore to fine-tune the chromatin and adjust other functions. Elegant genetics led to the description of the budding yeast point centromere in 1980. In the same year was published the serendipitous discovery of antibodies that stained centromeres of human mitotic chromosomes in antisera from CREST patients. Painstaking biochemical analyses led to the identification of the human centromere antigens several years later, with the first yeast proteins being described 6 years after that. Since those early days, the discovery and cloning of centromere and kinetochore proteins has largely been driven by improvements in technology. These began with expression cloning methods, which allowed antibodies to lead to cDNA clones. Next, functional screens for kinetochore proteins were made possible by the isolation of yeast centromeric DNAs. Ultimately, the completion of genome sequences for humans and model organisms permitted the coupling of biochemical fractionation with protein identification by mass spectrometry. Subsequent improvements in mass spectrometry have led to the current state where virtually all structural components of the kinetochore are known and where a high-resolution map of the entire structure will likely emerge within the next several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Melpomeni Platani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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34
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Chakraborty M, Tarasovetc EV, Zaytsev AV, Godzi M, Figueiredo AC, Ataullakhanov FI, Grishchuk EL. Microtubule end conversion mediated by motors and diffusing proteins with no intrinsic microtubule end-binding activity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1673. [PMID: 30975984 PMCID: PMC6459870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on microtubule end conversion, the ill-understood ability of kinetochores to transit from lateral microtubule attachment to durable association with dynamic microtubule plus-ends. The molecular requirements for this conversion and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are elusive. We reconstituted end conversion in vitro using two kinetochore components: the plus end-directed kinesin CENP-E and microtubule-binding Ndc80 complex, combined on the surface of a microbead. The primary role of CENP-E is to ensure close proximity between Ndc80 complexes and the microtubule plus-end, whereas Ndc80 complexes provide lasting microtubule association by diffusing on the microtubule wall near its tip. Together, these proteins mediate robust plus-end coupling during several rounds of microtubule dynamics, in the absence of any specialized tip-binding or regulatory proteins. Using a Brownian dynamics model, we show that end conversion is an emergent property of multimolecular ensembles of microtubule wall-binding proteins with finely tuned force-dependent motility characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ekaterina V Tarasovetc
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anatoly V Zaytsev
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxim Godzi
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana C Figueiredo
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fazly I Ataullakhanov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L Grishchuk
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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35
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Yu KW, Zhong N, Xiao Y, She ZY. Mechanisms of kinesin-7 CENP-E in kinetochore-microtubule capture and chromosome alignment during cell division. Biol Cell 2019; 111:143-160. [PMID: 30784092 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome congression is essential for faithful chromosome segregation and genomic stability in cell division. Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), a plus-end-directed kinesin motor, is required for congression of pole-proximal chromosomes in metaphase. CENP-E accumulates at the outer plate of kinetochores and mediates the kinetochore-microtubule capture. CENP-E also transports the chromosomes along spindle microtubules towards the equatorial plate. CENP-E interacts with Bub1-related kinase, Aurora B and core kinetochore components during kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In this review, we introduce the structures and mechanochemistry of kinesin-7 CENP-E. We highlight the complicated interactions between CENP-E and partner proteins during chromosome congression. We summarise the detailed roles and mechanisms of CENP-E in mitosis and meiosis, including the kinetochore-microtubule capture, chromosome congression/alignment in metaphase and the regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint. We also shed a light on the roles of CENP-E in tumourigenesis and CENP-E's specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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36
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Wu M, Chang Y, Hu H, Mu R, Zhang Y, Qin X, Duan X, Li W, Tu H, Zhang W, Wang G, Han Q, Li A, Zhou T, Iwai K, Zhang X, Li H. LUBAC controls chromosome alignment by targeting CENP-E to attached kinetochores. Nat Commun 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 30655516 PMCID: PMC6336796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires proper chromosome congression at prometaphase and dynamic maintenance of the aligned chromosomes at metaphase. Chromosome missegregation can result in aneuploidy, birth defects and cancer. The kinetochore-bound KMN network and the kinesin motor CENP-E are critical for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and chromosome stability. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) attaches linear ubiquitin chains to substrates, with well-established roles in immune response. Here, we identify LUBAC as a key player of chromosome alignment during mitosis. LUBAC catalyzes linear ubiquitination of the kinetochore motor CENP-E, which is specifically required for the localization of CENP-E at attached kinetochores, but not unattached ones. KNL1 acts as a receptor of linear ubiquitin chains to anchor CENP-E at attached kinetochores in prometaphase and metaphase. Thus, linear ubiquitination promotes chromosome congression and dynamic chromosome alignment by coupling the dynamic kinetochore microtubule receptor CENP-E to the static one, the KMN network. During cell division, faithful chromosome segregation requires proper chromosome congression and dynamic maintenance of the aligned chromosomes. Here, the authors find that LUBAC promotes dynamic chromosome congression and alignment by targeting kinetochore motor CENP-E to the KMN network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Huaibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Jiménez-Ávila CE, Villegas-Ruíz V, Zapata-Tarres M, Rubio-Portillo AE, Pérez López EI, Zenteno JC, Juárez-Méndez S. Centromere-associated protein E expresses a novel mRNA isoform in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2018; 9:43-54. [PMID: 30515258 PMCID: PMC6261922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The alternative splicing plays an important role to generate protein diversity. Recent studies have shown alterations in alternative splicing, resulting in loss, gain or changes of functions in the resulting protein. Specific products of alternative splicing are known to contribute in cancer-related mechanisms, such as angiogenesis, migration, adhesion and cell proliferation, among others. We using high-density microarrays reported a CENP-E as a one of significant transcript expressed and potentially is alternatively spliced in cancer. We focus in validate alternative splicing of CENP-E transcript using RT-PCR and sequencing in different cancer cell lines. We performed RT-PCR using specific primers designed to delimit the non-reported alternative splicing in CENP-E transcript. Our results showed the co-expression of the variant one and two of CENP-E in all cell lines evaluated. We detected more expression of variant one than two. Moreover, we identify an alternative 5'splice site of CENP-E in the exon 38 and was observed in RoVa cell line. Additionally, we characterized alternative skipping from exon 20 (NAT-CENP-E), these alternative splicing was observed in all cell lines evaluated except RoVa. Finally, we corroborate alternative mRNA splicing in leukemia patients using quantitative RT-PCR, in 71.8% of the patients NAT-CENP-E is downregulated and 28.2% is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy E Jiménez-Ávila
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of PediatricsMexico City, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Villegas-Ruíz
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of PediatricsMexico City, Mexico
- Genetics Department-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, “Conde de Valenciana”Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandra E Rubio-Portillo
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of PediatricsMexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleazar I Pérez López
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of PediatricsMexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Genetics Department-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, “Conde de Valenciana”Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, UNAMMexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Juárez-Méndez
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of PediatricsMexico City, Mexico
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38
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Abstract
In metazoans, the assembly of kinetochores on centrometric chromatin and the dismantling of nuclear pore complexes are processes that have to be tightly coordinated to ensure the proper assembly of the mitotic spindle and a successful mitosis. It is therefore noteworthy that these two macromolecular assemblies share a subset of constituents. One of these multifaceted components is Cenp-F, a protein implicated in cancer and developmental pathologies. During the cell cycle, Cenp-F localizes in multiple cellular structures including the nuclear envelope in late G2/early prophase and kinetochores throughout mitosis. We recently characterized the molecular determinants of Cenp-F interaction with Nup133, a structural nuclear pore constituent. In parallel with two other independent studies, we further elucidated the mechanisms governing Cenp-F kinetochore recruitment that mainly relies on its interaction with Bub1, with redundant contribution of Cenp-E upon acute microtubule depolymerisation. Here we synthesize the current literature regarding the dual location of Cenp-F at nuclear pores and kinetochores and extend our discussion to the regulation of these NPC and kinetochore localizations by mitotic kinase and spindle microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Berto
- a Institut Jacques Monod , UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Ecole Doctorale Structure et Dynamique des Systèmes Vivants (#577) , Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Valérie Doye
- a Institut Jacques Monod , UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
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39
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Ciossani G, Overlack K, Petrovic A, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Koerner C, Wohlgemuth S, Maffini S, Musacchio A. The kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F directly and specifically interact with distinct BUB mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10084-10101. [PMID: 29748388 PMCID: PMC6028960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of chromosomes during cell division relies on the function of the kinetochores, protein complexes that physically connect chromosomes with microtubules of the spindle. The metazoan proteins, centromere protein E (CENP-E) and CENP-F, are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores named the corona. Several of their features suggest that CENP-E and CENP-F are paralogs: they are very large (comprising ∼2700 and 3200 residues, respectively), contain abundant predicted coiled-coil structures, are C-terminally prenylated, and are endowed with microtubule-binding sites at their termini. Moreover, CENP-E contains an ATP-hydrolyzing motor domain that promotes microtubule plus end–directed motion. Here, we show that both CENP-E and CENP-F are recruited to mitotic kinetochores independently of the main corona constituent, the Rod/Zwilch/ZW10 (RZZ) complex. We identified specific interactions of CENP-F and CENP-E with budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1-related (BUBR1) mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases, respectively, paralogous proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint control and chromosome alignment. Whereas BUBR1 was dispensable for kinetochore localization of CENP-E, BUB1 was stringently required for CENP-F localization. Through biochemical reconstitution, we demonstrated that the CENP-E/BUBR1 and CENP-F/BUB1 interactions are direct and require similar determinants, a dimeric coiled-coil in CENP-E or CENP-F and a kinase domain in BUBR1 or BUB1. Our findings are consistent with the existence of structurally similar BUB1/CENP-F and BUBR1/CENP-E complexes, supporting the notion that CENP-E and CENP-F are evolutionarily related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciossani
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Katharina Overlack
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Carolin Koerner
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Stefano Maffini
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and .,the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany
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40
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Ohashi A, Ohori M, Iwai K. Motor activity of centromere-associated protein-E contributes to its localization at the center of the midbody to regulate cytokinetic abscission. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79964-79980. [PMID: 27835888 PMCID: PMC5346764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of cytokinesis is critical for genomic stability to complete high-fidelity transmission of genetic material to the next generation. A number of proteins accumulate in the intercellular bridge (midbody) during cytokinesis, and the dynamics of these proteins are temporally and spatially orchestrated to complete the process. In this study, we demonstrated that localization of centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) at the midbody is involved in cytokinetic abscission. The motor activity of CENP-E and the C-terminal midbody localization domain, which includes amino acids 2659-2666 (RYFDNSSL), are involved in the anchoring of CENP-E to the center of the midbody. Furthermore, CENP-E motor activity contributes to the accumulation of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in the midbody during cytokinesis. Midbody localization of PRC1 is critical to the antiparallel microtubule structure and recruitment of other midbody-associated proteins. Therefore, CENP-E motor activity appears to play important roles in the organization of these proteins to complete cytokinetic abscission. Our findings will be helpful for understanding how each step of cytokinesis is regulated to complete cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
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Zöllner SK, Selvanathan SP, Graham GT, Commins RMT, Hong SH, Moseley E, Parks S, Haladyna JN, Erkizan HV, Dirksen U, Hogarty MD, Üren A, Toretsky JA. Inhibition of the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1 causes G 2-M cell cycle arrest and enhanced vincristine sensitivity in Ewing's sarcoma. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/499/eaam8429. [PMID: 28974650 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a rare and highly malignant cancer that grows in the bones or surrounding tissues mostly affecting adolescents and young adults. A chimeric fusion between the RNA binding protein EWS and the ETS family transcription factor FLI1 (EWS-FLI1), which is generated from a chromosomal translocation, is implicated in driving most ES cases by modulation of transcription and alternative splicing. The small-molecule YK-4-279 inhibits EWS-FLI1 function and induces apoptosis in ES cells. We aimed to identify both the underlying mechanism of the drug and potential combination therapies that might enhance its antitumor activity. We tested 69 anticancer drugs in combination with YK-4-279 and found that vinca alkaloids exhibited synergy with YK-4-279 in five ES cell lines. The combination of YK-4-279 and vincristine reduced tumor burden and increased survival in mice bearing ES xenografts. We determined that independent drug-induced events converged to cause this synergistic therapeutic effect. YK-4-279 rapidly induced G2-M arrest, increased the abundance of cyclin B1, and decreased EWS-FLI1-mediated generation of microtubule-associated proteins, which rendered cells more susceptible to microtubule depolymerization by vincristine. YK-4-279 reduced the expression of the EWS-FLI1 target gene encoding the ubiquitin ligase UBE2C, which, in part, contributed to the increase in cyclin B1. YK-4-279 also increased the abundance of proapoptotic isoforms of MCL1 and BCL2, presumably through inhibition of alternative splicing by EWS-FLI1, thus promoting cell death in response to vincristine. Thus, a combination of vincristine and YK-4-279 might be therapeutically effective in ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K Zöllner
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saravana P Selvanathan
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ryan M T Commins
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sung Hyeok Hong
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Moseley
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sydney Parks
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jessica N Haladyna
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hayriye V Erkizan
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 3020, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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42
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Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
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SUMOylated NKAP is essential for chromosome alignment by anchoring CENP-E to kinetochores. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12969. [PMID: 27694884 PMCID: PMC5064014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome alignment is required for accurate chromosome segregation. Chromosome misalignment can result in genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) is critical for chromosome alignment through anchoring CENP-E to kinetochores. NKAP knockdown causes chromosome misalignment and prometaphase arrest in human cells. NKAP dynamically localizes to kinetochores, and is required for CENP-E kinetochore localization. NKAP is SUMOylated predominantly in mitosis and the SUMOylation is needed for NKAP to bind CENP-E. A SUMOylation-deficient mutant of NKAP cannot support the localization of CENP-E on kinetochores or proper chromosome alignment. Moreover, Bub3 recruits NKAP to stabilize the binding of CENP-E to BubR1 at kinetochores. Importantly, loss of NKAP expression causes aneuploidy in cultured cells, and is observed in human soft tissue sarcomas. These findings indicate that NKAP is a novel and key regulator of mitosis, and its dysregulation might contribute to tumorigenesis by causing chromosomal instability. The kinetochore-bound motor CENP-E plays a critical role in chromosome alignment. Here, the authors show that NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) dynamically localises to kinetochores, is SUMOylated during mitosis, and this modification is required for NKAP to bind CENP-E and localise CENP-E to the kinetochore.
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45
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Cenp-E inhibitor GSK923295: Novel synthetic route and use as a tool to generate aneuploidy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20921-32. [PMID: 26320186 PMCID: PMC4673239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a common feature of cancer, with human solid tumour cells typically harbouring abnormal chromosome complements. The aneuploidy observed in cancer is often caused by a chromosome instability phenotype, resulting in genomic heterogeneity. However, the role aneuploidy and chromosome instability play in tumour evolution and chemotherapy response remains poorly understood. In some contexts, aneuploidy has oncogenic effects, whereas in others it is anti-proliferative and tumour-suppressive. Dissecting fully the role aneuploidy plays in tumourigenesis requires tools and facile assays that allow chromosome missegregation to be induced experimentally in cells that are otherwise diploid and chromosomally stable. Here, we describe a chemical biology approach that induces low-level aneuploidy across a large population of cells. Specifically, cells are first exposed to GSK923295, an inhibitor targeting the mitotic kinesin Cenp-E; while the majority of chromosomes align at the cell's equator, a small number cluster near the spindle poles. By then driving these cells into anaphase using AZ3146, an inhibitor targeting the spindle checkpoint kinase Mps1, the polar chromosomes are missegregated. This results in, on average, two chromosome missegregation events per division, and avoids trapping chromosomes in the spindle midzone, which could otherwise lead to DNA damage. We also describe an efficient route for the synthesis of GSK923295 that employs a novel enzymatic resolution. Together, the approaches described here open up new opportunities for studying cellular responses to aneuploidy.
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46
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Zasadil LM, Britigan EMC, Ryan SD, Kaur C, Guckenberger DJ, Beebe DJ, Moser AR, Weaver BA. High rates of chromosome missegregation suppress tumor progression but do not inhibit tumor initiation. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1981-9. [PMID: 27146113 PMCID: PMC4927272 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number that deviates from a multiple of the haploid, has been recognized as a common feature of cancers for >100 yr. Previously, we showed that the rate of chromosome missegregation/chromosomal instability (CIN) determines the effect of aneuploidy on tumors; whereas low rates of CIN are weakly tumor promoting, higher rates of CIN cause cell death and tumor suppression. However, whether high CIN inhibits tumor initiation or suppresses the growth and progression of already initiated tumors remained unclear. We tested this using the Apc(Min/+) mouse intestinal tumor model, in which effects on tumor initiation versus progression can be discriminated. Apc(Min/+) cells exhibit low CIN, and we generated high CIN by reducing expression of the kinesin-like mitotic motor protein CENP-E. CENP-E(+/-);Apc(Min/+) doubly heterozygous cells had higher rates of chromosome missegregation than singly heterozygous cells, resulting in increased cell death and a substantial reduction in tumor progression compared with Apc(Min/+) animals. Intestinal organoid studies confirmed that high CIN does not inhibit tumor cell initiation but does inhibit subsequent cell growth. These findings support the conclusion that increasing the rate of chromosome missegregation could serve as a successful chemotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Zasadil
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Eric M C Britigan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Sean D Ryan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - David J Guckenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Amy R Moser
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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47
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Lee YC, Huang CC, Lin DY, Chang WC, Lee KH. Overexpression of centromere protein K (CENPK) in ovarian cancer is correlated with poor patient survival and associated with predictive and prognostic relevance. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1386. [PMID: 26587348 PMCID: PMC4647587 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed with ovarian cancer when the disease has reached an advanced stage and cure rates are generally under 30%. Hence, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is the best means to control the disease in the long term and abate mortality. So far, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) are the gold-standard tumor markers for ovarian cancer; however, these two markers can be elevated in a number of conditions unrelated to ovarian cancer, resulting in decreased specifically and positive predictive value. Therefore, it is urgent to identify novel biomarkers with high reliability and sensitivity for ovarian cancer. In this study for the first time, we identified a member of the centromere protein (CENP) family, CENPK, which was specifically upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines and the overexpression of which was associated with poor prognoses in patients with ovarian cancer. In addition, the presence of CENPK significantly improved the sensitivity of CA125 or HE4 for predicting clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. In conclusion, we identified that CENPK was specifically upregulated in ovarian cancer cells and can be used as a novel tumor marker of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Lee
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yen Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Chandrasekaran G, Tátrai P, Gergely F. Hitting the brakes: targeting microtubule motors in cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:693-8. [PMID: 26180922 PMCID: PMC4559828 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of therapies that target cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic treatments remain important clinical tools. The rationale for targeting cell proliferation by chemotherapeutic agents stems from the assumption that tumours harbour a greater fraction of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. One such group of cytotoxic drugs impair microtubule polymers, which are cytoskeletal components of cells essential for many processes including mitosis. However, in addition to their antimitotic action, these agents cause debilitating and dose-limiting neurotoxicity because of the essential functions of microtubules in neurons. To overcome this limitation, drugs against mitosis-specific targets have been developed over the past decade, albeit with variable clinical success. Here we review the key lessons learnt from antimitotic therapies with a focus on inhibitors of microtubule motor proteins. Furthermore, based on the cancer genome data, we describe a number of motor proteins with tumour type-specific alterations, which warrant further investigation in the quest for cytotoxic targets with increased cancer specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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49
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Xiao T, Wongtrakoongate P, Trainor C, Felsenfeld G. CTCF Recruits Centromeric Protein CENP-E to the Pericentromeric/Centromeric Regions of Chromosomes through Unusual CTCF-Binding Sites. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1704-14. [PMID: 26321640 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of CTCF in stabilizing long-range interactions between chromatin sites essential for maintaining nuclear architecture is well established. Most of these interactions involve recruitment of the cohesin complex to chromatin via CTCF. We find that CTCF also interacts with the centromeric protein CENP-E both in vitro and in vivo. We identified CTCF sites in pericentric/centromeric DNA and found that, early in mitosis, CTCF binds and recruits CENP-E to these sites. Unlike most known CTCF genomic sites, the CTCF-binding sites in the pericentric/centromeric regions interact strongly with the C-terminal fingers of CTCF. Overexpression of a small CENP-E fragment, targeted to these CTCF sites, results in a delay in alignment of some chromosomes during mitosis, suggesting that the recruitment of CENP-E by CTCF is physiologically important. We conclude that CTCF helps recruit CENP-E to the centromere during mitosis and that it may do so through a structure stabilized by the CTCF/CENP-E complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaojiang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Cecelia Trainor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA
| | - Gary Felsenfeld
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.
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50
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Milev MP, Hasaj B, Saint-Dic D, Snounou S, Zhao Q, Sacher M. TRAMM/TrappC12 plays a role in chromosome congression, kinetochore stability, and CENP-E recruitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:221-34. [PMID: 25918224 PMCID: PMC4411272 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The TRAPP subunit TrappC12/TTC15, here renamed TRAMM, plays a role in the regulation of kinetochore stability and CENP-E recruitment during mitosis. Chromosome congression requires the stable attachment of microtubules to chromosomes mediated by the kinetochore, a large proteinaceous structure whose mechanism of assembly is unknown. In this paper, we present the finding that a protein called TRAMM (formerly known as TrappC12) plays a role in mitosis. Depletion of TRAMM resulted in noncongressed chromosomes and arrested cells in mitosis. Small amounts of TRAMM associated with chromosomes, and its depletion affected the localization of some kinetochore proteins, the strongest effect being seen for CENP-E. TRAMM interacts with CENP-E, and depletion of TRAMM prevented the recruitment of CENP-E to the kinetochore. TRAMM is phosphorylated early in mitosis and dephosphorylated at the onset of anaphase. Interestingly, this phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle correlates with its association/disassociation with CENP-E. Finally, we demonstrate that a phosphomimetic form of TRAMM recruited CENP-E to kinetochores more efficiently than did the nonphosphorylatable mutant. Our study identifies a moonlighting function for TRAMM during mitosis and adds a new component that regulates kinetochore stability and CENP-E recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav P Milev
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Benedeta Hasaj
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Djenann Saint-Dic
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sary Snounou
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
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