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Weiner AMJ, Irijalba I, Gallego MP, Ibarburu I, Sainz L, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Quevedo C, Muriana A. Validation of a zebrafish developmental defects assay as a qualified alternative test for its regulatory use following the ICH S5(R3) guideline. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108513. [PMID: 38016617 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a popular toxicology model and provides an ethically acceptable small-scale analysis system with the complexity of a complete organism. Our goal is to further validate this model for its regulatory use for reproductive and developmental defects by testing the compounds indicated in the "Guideline on detection of reproductive and developmental toxicity for human pharmaceuticals" (ICH S5(R3) guideline.) To determine the embryotoxic and developmental risk of the 32 reference compounds listed in the ICH S5(R3) guideline, the presence of morphological alterations in zebrafish embryos was analyzed at two different stages to calculateLC50 and EC50 values for each stage. Teratogenic Indexes were established as the ratio between LC50 and EC50 critical for the proper compound classification as teratogenic when it is ≥ 2. A total of three biological replicates have been conducted to study the reproducibility of the assay. The chemicals' concentration in the medium and internally in the zebrafish embryos was evaluated. In this study, the 3 negative compounds were properly categorized while 23 compounds out of the 29 reference ones (sensitivity of 79.31%) were classified as teratogenic in zebrafish. The 6 that had false-negative results were classified 4 as inconclusive, 1 as not toxic, and 1 compound resulted toxic for zebrafish embryos under testing conditions. After the bioavailability experiments, some of the obtained inconclusive results were refined. The developmental defects assay in zebrafish gives an accuracy of 89.66%, sensitivity of 88.46%, specificity and repeatability of 100% compared to mammals; therefore, this is a well-integrated strategy using New Alternative Methods, to minimize the use of animals in developmental toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M J Weiner
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - I Irijalba
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - M P Gallego
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - I Ibarburu
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - L Sainz
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Spain
| | - F Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Spain
| | - C Quevedo
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Muriana
- BBD BioPhenix SLU (BIOBIDE), San Sebastian, Spain.
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2
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Sousa B, Domingues I, Nunes B. A fish perspective on SARS-CoV-2: Toxicity of benzalkonium chloride on Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104200. [PMID: 37394081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to an increased marketing of disinfectants, creating a potential environmental problem. For instance, pre-pandemic environmental levels of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) ranging from 0.5 to 5 mgL-1 in effluents were expected to further increase threatening aquatic life. Our aim was to characterize potential adverse effects after an acute exposure of zebrafish to different concentrations of BAC. An increase in the overall swimming activity, thigmotaxis behavior, and erratic movements were observed. An increase in CYP1A1 and catalase activities, but inhibitions of CY1A2, GSTs and GPx activities were also noticed. BAC is metabolized by CYP1A1, increasing the production of H2O2, thereby activating the antioxidant enzyme CAT. Data also showed an increase of AChE activity. Our study highlights adverse embryonic, behavioral, and metabolic effects of noteworthy environmental significance, especially considering that the use and release of BAC is most likely to increase in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sousa
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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3
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Horie Y. Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan induce lethality and disrupt thyroid hormone activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104151. [PMID: 37207895 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that has been used in common household products and can be detected in water environment. In this study, therefore, I aimed at clarifying the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan on the early life stage development in zebrafish. A lethal effect was observed: the lowest effect and the no effect concentrations were 70.6 and 48.4μg/L, respectively. These concentrations are very close to the environmentally detected residual concentrations. In 10.9, 19.8, 48.4, and 70.6μg/L of triclosan, the iodothyronine deiodinase 1 gene expression was found to be significantly increased when compared with that of the control group. These findings indicate that triclosan can potentially disrupt the thyroid hormone activity in zebrafish. The exposure to triclosan (at 149.2μg/L) was also found to inhibit the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. My findings suggest that triclosan can exert a thyroid hormone-disrupting effect on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
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4
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Horie Y, Ramaswamy BR, Ríos JM, Yap CK, Okamura H. Effects of plasticizer diisobutyl adipate on the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) endocrine system. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36647207 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizer pollution of the water environment is one of the world's most serious environmental issues. Phthalate plasticizers can disrupt endocrine function in vertebrates. Therefore, this study analyzed thyroid-related, reproduction-related, and estrogen-responsive genes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to determine whether non-phthalate diisobutyl adipate (DIBA) plasticizer could affect endocrine hormone activity or not. Developmental toxicity during fish embryogenesis was also evaluated. At a concentration of 11.57 mg/l, embryonic exposure to DIBA increased the mortality rate. Although abnormal development, including body curvature, edema, and lack of swim bladder inflation, was observed at 3.54 and 11.57 mg/l DIBA, growth inhibition and reduced swimming performance were also observed. In addition, DIBA exposure increased the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (tshβ) and deiodinase 1 (dio1) but decreased the levels of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). These results suggest that DIBA has thyroid hormone-disrupting activities in fish. However, kisspeptin (kiss1 and kiss2), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1), follicle-stimulating hormone beta (fshβ), luteinizing hormone beta (lhβ), choriogenin H (chgH), and vitellogenin (vtg1) expression did not change dose-dependently in response to DIBA exposure, whereas gnrh2 and vtg2 expression was elevated. These results indicate that DIBA has low estrogenic activity and does not disrupt the endocrine reproduction system in fish. Overall, this is the first report indicating that non-phthalate DIBA plasticizer is embryotoxic and disrupt thyroid hormone activity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CCT-CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
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Meador JP. The fish early-life stage sublethal toxicity syndrome - A high-dose baseline toxicity response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118201. [PMID: 34740289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of toxicity studies report abnormalities in early life-stage (ELS) fish that are described here as a sublethal toxicity syndrome (TxSnFELS) and generally include a reduced heart rate, edemas (yolk sac and cardiac), and a variety of morphological abnormalities. The TxSnFELS is very common and not diagnostic for any chemical or class of chemicals. This sublethal toxicity syndrome is mostly observed at high exposure concentrations and appears to be a baseline, non-specific toxicity response; however, it can also occur at low doses by specific action. Toxicity metrics for this syndrome generally occur at concentrations just below those causing mortality and have been reported for a large number of diverse chemicals. Predictions based on tissue concentrations or quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) models support the designation of baseline toxicity for many of the tested chemicals, which is confirmed by observed values. Given the sheer number of disparate chemicals causing the TxSnFELS and correlation with QSAR derived partitioning; the only logical conclusion for these high-dose responses is baseline toxicity by nonspecific action and not a lock and key type receptor response. It is important to recognize that many chemicals can act both as baseline toxicants and specific acting toxicants likely via receptor interaction and it is not possible to predict those threshold doses from baseline toxicity. We should search out these specific low-dose responses for ecological risk assessment and not rely on high-concentration toxicity responses to guide environmental protection. The goal for toxicity assessment should not be to characterize toxic responses at baseline toxicity concentrations, but to evaluate chemicals for their most toxic potential. Additional aspects of this review evaluated the fish ELS teratogenic responses in relation to mammalian oral LD50s and explored potential key events responsible for baseline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Meador
- Ecotoxicology Program, Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
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6
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Schultz DR, Tang S, Miller C, Gagnon D, Shekh K, Alcaraz AJG, Janz DM, Hecker M. A Multi-Life Stage Comparison of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity on the Early Development of Three Canadian Fish Species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3337-3350. [PMID: 34506650 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Information on the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in fish has mostly been generated from standard laboratory species and short-term toxicity tests. However, there is significant uncertainty regarding AgNP toxicity to native species of concern in North America, particularly in northern freshwater ecosystems. We assessed the chronic toxicity of AgNPs in early life stages of three North American fish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and northern pike (Esox lucius). Newly fertilized embryos were exposed to nominal aqueous concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, or 30.0 nM AgNPs for 126 (rainbow trout), 210 (lake trout), and 25 (northern pike) days. Endpoints included cumulative developmental time (°C × day or degree-days to 50% life-stage transition), mortality, fork length, embryonic malformations, cumulative survival, and histopathology of gill and liver in larvae/alevins. The results showed life stage-specific differences in responses, with endpoints during the embryonic stage occurring more often and at lower concentrations compared to larval/alevin and juvenile stages. Sensitivities among species were highly dependent on the endpoints measured, although developmental time appeared to be the most consistent endpoint across species. At embryonic and larval/alevin stages, northern pike was the most sensitive species (lowest observable effect concentration of 0.1 nM using developmental time). Rainbow trout displayed similar responses to lake trout across multiple endpoints and therefore seems to be an adequate surrogate for trout species in ecotoxicology studies. Moreover, while mortality during individual life stages was not generally affected, the cumulative mortality across life stages was significantly affected, which highlights the importance of chronic, multi-life-stage studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3337-3350. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna R Schultz
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christie Miller
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Danielle Gagnon
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alper J G Alcaraz
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Luckmann MR, de Melo MS, Spricigo MC, da Silva NM, Nazari EM. Pyriproxyfen exposure induces DNA damage, cell proliferation impairments and apoptosis in the brain vesicles layers of chicken embryos. Toxicology 2021; 464:152998. [PMID: 34695508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Larvicide pyriproxyfen (PPF), used in drinking water reservoirs to control Aedes mosquitoes, has already been shown as a possible cause of congenital anomalies in the central nervous system. However, the neurotoxic effects of PPF on the development of vertebrate embryos are still underexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PPF on the morphometric parameters of the head and brain, as well as on the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain, using embryos of Gallus domesticus as a model. Two sublethal PPF concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L), as defined by a survival curve, were tested. Analysis of the biometry of embryos showed significant reduction in body and brain mass and also in measurements of the head and brain. A reduction in cell layer thickness of the forebrain and midbrain was observed, accompanied by a reduction in the numerical density of cells per area. Changes in brain and head sizes and in the thickness of the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain were significant at 10 mg/L PPF. Notably, PPF caused DNA doublestrand breaks and induced apoptosis in embryos exposed to 10 mg/L, which were accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation. Regarding neuronal and glial differentiation, no changes were observed in the number of neurons and glial cells on the analyzed layers. Furthermore, PPF did not impact the head ossification process. These findings reveal that PPF is a strong stressor for neurodevelopment, causing damage to the cell architecture of brain vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Roberto Luckmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Celene Spricigo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Horie Y, Takahashi C. Development of an in vivo acute bioassay using the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:725. [PMID: 34651255 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is a suitable model organism for in vivo acute toxicity bioassay in seawater, we first determined whether there were differences in the concentrations of chemicals that were toxic to marine medaka (O. melastigma) and freshwater medaka (O. latipes). We performed in vivo acute toxicity bioassay with 3-chloroaniline, triclosan, 3,4-dichloroaniline, fenitrothion, and pyriproxyfen on larvae of both species. Although the concentrations of 3-chloroaniline and fenitrothion that were lethal to the larvae were identical for both species, the toxic concentrations of triclosan, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and pyriproxyfen were lower for O. melastigma than for O. latipes. We then used an in vivo acute toxicity bioassay to monitor the quality of coastal seawater in Akita, Japan. No lethal effects were observed in the harbor and canal in 2019. O. melastigma could be used to monitor the quality of seawater with salinities in the range 2-25. Our findings suggest that O. melastigma can be used as the test fish for in vivo acute toxicity bioassay intended for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minami Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Higashinada, Japan.
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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9
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Kumar S, Paul T, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Karmakar S, Bera KK, Bhushan Kumar C. Biomarkers-based assessment of triclosan toxicity in aquatic environment: A mechanistic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117569. [PMID: 34438492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), an emergent pollutant, is raising a global concern due to its toxic effects on organisms and aquatic ecosystems. The non-availability of proven treatment technologies for TCS remediation is the central issue stressing thorough research on understanding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and assessing vital biomarkers in the aquatic organism for practical monitoring purposes. Given the unprecedented circumstances during COVID 19 pandemic, a several-fold higher discharge of TCS in the aquatic ecosystems cannot be considered a remote possibility. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers for assessing chronic effects of TCS are prerequisites for addressing the issues related to its ecological impact and its monitoring in the future. It is the first holistic review on highlighting the biomarkers of TCS toxicity based on a comprehensive review of available literature about the biomarkers related to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, hematological, alterations of gene expression, and metabolic profiling. This review establishes that biomarkers at the subcellular level such as oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neurotoxicity, and metabolic enzymes can be used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TCS in future investigations. Micronuclei frequency and % DNA damage proved to be reliable biomarkers for genotoxic effects of TCS in fishes and other aquatic organisms. Alteration of gene expression and metabolic profiling in different organs provides a better insight into mechanisms underlying the biocide's toxicity. In the concluding part of the review, the present status of knowledge about mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of TCS and its relevance in understanding the toxicity is also discussed referring to the relevant reports on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Tapas Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - S P Shukla
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sutanu Karmakar
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuntal Krishna Bera
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Horie Y, Takahashi C. Influence of salinity on physiological development and zinc toxicity in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1138-1149. [PMID: 34106375 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is a suitable model organism for evaluating the effects of environmental chemicals on marine teleosts, we examined the effect of salinity on physiological development and zinc toxicity. Growth as measured by total body length was significantly lower in fresh water compared to brackish water. Reproductive success was also significantly reduced in fresh water, although we observed cells in the pituitary producing gonadotropins such as Gpa (common glycoprotein hormone α), Fshb (follicle stimulating hormone β), and Lhb (luteinizing hormone β) at all salinities. These results indicate that O. melastigma is adaptable to various salinities from fresh to seawater, and brackish water is best for physiological processes including growth performance and reproduction. When zinc was dissolved in saltwater, a white precipitate formed immediately, and the dissolved concentration decreased in the supernatant and increased at precipitate. We performed zinc toxicity tests on early life stage and adult stage in fresh water, brackish water, and seawater. Among adults, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (15.3 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (>48 mg/L) or seawater (>48 mg/L). Similarly, among embryos and larvae, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (4.8 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (48 mg/L) or seawater (48 mg/L). These results highlight the importance of using marine organisms to evaluate the ecological effects of marine pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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11
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Myosho T, Hattori M, Yamamoto J, Toda M, Okamura T, Onishi Y, Takehana Y, Kobayashi T. Effects of synthetic sex steroid hormone exposures on gonadal sex differentiation and dynamics of a male-related gene, Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) and an estrogen up-regulated gene, Choriogenine-H (ChgH) gene expression in the euryhaline Javafish medaka, Oryzias javanicus, based on genetic sexes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129893. [PMID: 33979926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the basal aspects of sexual development in Javafish medaka, Oryzias javanicus (ZZ/ZW), a model marine species for ecotoxicity testing, we examined the details of gonadal sex differentiation and exogenous sex hormone-dependent sex reversals using genetic sex-linked DNA markers. Sex differences in germ cell numbers were observed at 5 days post hatching (dph), in which there was a significant increase in the germ cells of ZW. In ZW, diplotene oocytes and the ovarian cavity appeared at approximately 10, and 30 dph, respectively. In ZZ, spermatogonial proliferation was observed at approximately 20 dph. A ZZ-dominant expression of Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) mRNA was detected before hatching. The exposure of embryos to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) did not cause sex reversals in most cases. However, EE2 exposures led to significant Choriogenin-H (ChgH) mRNA expression, an estrogen up-regulated gene, in all fry; these exposures did not suppress Gsdf expression in ZZ fry. The exposure of embryos to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT; 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) caused sex reversals but only at low frequencies in ZW and ZZ fish. Although the 10 ng/mL MT exposure was accompanied by induction of significant Gsdf expression in ZW fry, induction of ChgH expression was also observed in several fry. Together, the present study indicates for the first time that male-dominant sexual dimorphic expression of Gsdf precedes the first morphological sex difference, i.e., the sex difference in germ cell number, and results strongly suggest that exogenous sex hormone-dependent sex reversal is not induced easily in O. javanicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijun Myosho
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Minako Hattori
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Misa Toda
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Okamura
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yuta Onishi
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Department of Animal Bio-Science, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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12
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McGruer V, Tanabe P, Vliet SMF, Dasgupta S, Qian L, Volz DC, Schlenk D. Effects of Phenanthrene Exposure on Cholesterol Homeostasis and Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1586-1595. [PMID: 33523501 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and developing fish embryos are especially sensitive to PAH exposure. Exposure to crude oil or phenanthrene (a reference PAH found in oil) produces an array of gross morphological abnormalities in developing fish embryos, including cardiotoxicity. Recently, studies utilizing transcriptomic analyses in several oil-exposed fish embryos found significant changes in the abundance of transcripts involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Given the vital role of cholesterol availability in embryonic heart development, we hypothesized that cholesterol dysregulation in early development contributes to phenanthrene-induced cardiotoxicity. We exposed zebrafish embryos to 12 or 15 µM phenanthrene from 6 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) and demonstrated that, in conjunction with pericardial edema and bradycardia, several genes (fdft1 and hmgcra) in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway were significantly altered. When embryos were pretreated with a cholesterol solution from 6 to 24 hpf followed by exposure to phenanthrene from 24 to 48 hpf, the effects of phenanthrene on heart rate were partially mitigated. Despite changes in gene expression, whole-mount in situ staining of cholesterol was not significantly affected in embryos exposed to phenanthrene ranging in stage from 24 to 72 hpf. However, the 2-dimensional yolk area was significantly increased with phenanthrene exposure at 72 hpf, suggesting that lipid transport from the yolk to the developing embryo was impaired. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1586-1595. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McGruer
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sara M F Vliet
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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13
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Horie Y, Chiba T, Takahashi C, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Influence of triphenyltin on morphologic abnormalities and the thyroid hormone system in early-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108948. [PMID: 33285321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the negative effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by exposing embryos and early-stage larvae to various concentrations of TPT from 2 h after fertilization (haf) until 30 days after hatching (dah). Whether test groups were fed or fasted during ecotoxicity studies using fish models has varied historically, and whether this experimental condition influences test results is unknown. Here, we confirmed that the lethal concentration of TPT to embryo and early-stage larvae (i.e., 3 dah or younger) showed in fed (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC); 6.34 μg/L) and fasted (LOEC; 6.84 μg/L) groups. In addition, 84% and 100% of the larvae in the 2.95 and 6.64 μg/L exposure groups, respectively, had uninflated swim bladders; all affected larvae died within 9 dah. This finding suggests that morphologic abnormalities in early larval zebrafish are useful as endpoints for predicting the lethality of chemical substances after hatching. We then assessed the expression of several genes in the thyroid hormone pathway, which regulates swim bladder development in many fish species, including zebrafish. Larvae exposed to 6.64 μg/L TPT showed significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone receptor α (trα) and trβ but not of thyroid stimulating hormone β subunit. These findings suggest that TPT disrupts the thyroid system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Takashi Chiba
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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14
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Nozari A, Do S, Trudeau VL. Applications of the SR4G Transgenic Zebrafish Line for Biomonitoring of Stress-Disrupting Compounds: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727777. [PMID: 34867778 PMCID: PMC8635770 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic zebrafish models have been successfully used in biomonitoring and risk assessment studies of environmental pollutants, including xenoestrogens, pesticides, and heavy metals. We employed zebrafish larva (transgenic SR4G line) with a cortisol-inducible green fluorescence protein reporter (eGFP) as a model to detect stress responses upon exposure to compounds with environmental impact, including bisphenol A (BPA), vinclozolin (VIN), and fluoxetine (FLX). Cortisol, fluorescence signal, and mRNA levels of eGFP and 11 targeted genes were measured in a homogenized pool of zebrafish larvae, with six experimental replicates for each endpoint. Eleven targeted genes were selected according to their association with stress-axis and immediate early response class of genes. Hydrocortisone (CORT)and dexamethasone (DEX) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All measurements were done in two unstressed and stressed condition using standardized net handling as the stressor. A significant positive linear correlation between cortisol levels and eGFP mRNA levels was observed (r> 0.9). Based on eGFP mRNA levels in unstressed and stressed larvae two predictive models were trained (Random Forest and Logistic Regression). Both these models could correctly predict the blunted stress response upon exposure to BPA, VIN, FLX and the negative control, DEX. The negative predictive value (NPV) of these models were 100%. Similar NPV was observed when the predictive models trained based on the mRNA levels of the eleven assessed genes. Measurement of whole-body fluorescence intensity signal was not significant to detect blunted stress response. Our findings support the use of SR4G transgenic larvae as an in vivo biomonitoring model to screen chemicals for their stress-disrupting potentials. This is important because there is increasing evidence that brief exposures to environmental pollutants modify the stress response and critical coping behaviors for several generations.
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15
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Almeida TSD, Lopes Neto JJ, Almeida Filho LCP, Marques DM, Gonçalves de Lima RDC, Nunes RGDS, Silva JRDL, Kamdem JP, Almeida LLD, Souza JADCR, Farias DF, Carvalho AFU. Toxicological assessment of a bioactive extract from Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. seeds using alternative models. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1687-1697. [PMID: 33334193 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1856863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. seeds extract has great therapeutic potential due to numerous biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, which are associated with phenolic content. Although this herbal preparation has shown many benefits, recently their toxicity profile has begun to be explored. In this present study, the toxic effects of T. gardneriana seeds ethanolic extract (EETg) on biological systems of different taxonomical groups and levels of complexity (from cell culture to lower vertebrates) were assessed, through a variety of viability and toxicological assays. It was found that EETg did not impair the Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth at the highest tested concentration (200 µg/mL), and no toxicant evidence was observed in Aedes aegypti larvae or in Drosophila melanogaster adult stage. Contrarily, the extract reduced the viability of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (250 µg/mL, 40% of viable cells), but did not affect differentiated ones. The embryotoxicity in Danio rerio model showed a LC50 of 7.41 mg/L (95% confidence interval, 4.78 - 11.49 mg/L). EETg did not show signs of toxicity in the majority of the models used, but lethality and malformations in zebrafish embryos occurred. Further analyses are needed to better understand the selective toxicity mechanism of EETg on zebrafish, as well as whether the toxic effects happen in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Silva de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José Joaquim Lopes Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | | | | | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Fontenele Urano Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Maharajan K, Muthulakshmi S, Karthik C, Nataraj B, Nambirajan K, Hemalatha D, Jiji S, Kadirvelu K, Liu KC, Ramesh M. Pyriproxyfen induced impairment of reproductive endocrine homeostasis and gonadal histopathology in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by altered expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139496. [PMID: 32480152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF), a broad-spectrum insecticide known to cause reproductive and endocrine disruption in invertebrates, while the data is scarce in aquatic vertebrates. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of PPF on reproductive endocrine system of male and female zebrafish along hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In brain, PPF caused significant alteration in the transcripts of erα, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in male and fshβ, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in female zebrafish. The downstream genes of steroidogenic pathway like, star, 3βhsd, 17βhsd, and cyp19a expression were significantly altered in gonad of both sexes. Subsequent changes in circulatory steroid hormone levels lead to imbalance in hormone homeostasis as revealed from estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratio. Further, the vitellogenin transcript level was enhanced in hepatic tissues and their blood plasma content was increased in male (16.21%) and declined in female (21.69%). PPF also induced histopathological changes in gonads such as, reduction of mature spermatocytes in male and vitellogenic oocytes in female zebrafish. The altered E2/T ratio and gonadal histopathology were supported by the altered transcript levels of HPG axis genes. Overall, these findings provide new insights of PPF in zebrafish reproductive system and highlights for further investigations on its potential risks in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Maharajan
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Sellamani Muthulakshmi
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Chinnannan Karthik
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Kanthan Nambirajan
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India
| | - Swaminathan Jiji
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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17
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Moura JAS, Souza-Santos LP. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pyriproxyfen in non-target aquatic organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 222:105448. [PMID: 32197184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a synthetic substance and an insect juvenile hormone agonist with growth regulating effect. It is used worldwide as a pesticide in agriculture and public health campaigns, including the control of Aedes aegypti proliferation. It has low volatility, high Kow value and high lability in aerobic aquatic systems but is considered persistent in anaerobic systems, with a half-life of 288.9 days. The objective of this study is to survey the environmental contamination by pyriproxyfen in aquatic environmental matrices, to review the acute and chronic toxicity in non-target aquatic organisms and to make a risk assessment for the organisms addressed in the bibliographic survey. Pyriproxyfen quantification studies in aquatic environmental matrices are quite scarce and punctual-not representative of regional and global contamination. The water of the River Júcar (Spain) presented the highest concentration of PPF (99.59 ng L-1) among the matrices analysed, which is equivalent to 1% of the maximum dose allowed by the World Health Organization for use in drinking water. Acute and chronic aquatic toxicity studies with LC50, EC50, LOEC and NOEC values of PPF were compiled and interpreted to evaluate possible risks to non-target aquatic organisms. Pyriproxyfen caused a high risk at concentrations detected in aquatic environments for Daphnia magna, with probable reproductive effects and occasional survival risk. This species was the most sensitive to the pesticide, with the lowest estimated concentration of 50 % of effect values, followed by a freshwater fish (Xiphophorus maculatus) and estuarine crustaceans (Eurytemora affinis and Leander tenuicornis). The most resistant organisms to PPF within the endpoints addressed in this review were Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Capitella sp. (polychaete). Through the species sensitivity distribution (SSD), it was possible to estimate HC5 at 0.214 μg L-1 and that 2.3 % of the species present high sensitivity to pyriproxyfen in the environmental concentration detected in river water and 25.82 % of the species are affected in the concentration allowed for lavicidal use. In order to obtain more accurate risk estimates, we suggest ecotoxicological assessments in other species, covering various taxa, with emphasis on microcrustaceans due to their fundamental role in the aquatic food web and taxonomic proximity to pesticide target organisms. Furthermore, additional studies of contamination in aquatic environmental matrices are required, with particular attention to freshwater and estuarine environments due to the proximity to the sources of pyriproxyfen and environmental characteristics suggesting high accumulation. Thus, it will be possible to estimate realistic exposure levels and risks in different environments, contributing to effective and safe decision making, integrating development, public health and environmental policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A S Moura
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lília P Souza-Santos
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil
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18
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Temma Y, Hirano M, Tominaga N, Arizono K. Choriogenin transcription in medaka embryos and larvae as an alternative model for screening estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110324. [PMID: 32088548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the transcription levels of estrogen-responsive genes, such as vitellogenins (Vtg1 and Vtg2), choriogenins (ChgL, ChgH, and ChgHm), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a1b), and ER subtypes (ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2), in 7 days-post-fertilization (dpf) embryos and 9 and 12 dpf larvae of medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The <5 h-post-fertilization embryos were exposed to EDCs such as 17β-estradiol (E2), p-n-nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA). In E2 (0.10-222 nM)-treated 7 dpf embryos and 9 or 12 dpf larvae, ChgL, ChgH, and ChgHm expression was up-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner. By contrast, interestingly, Vtg1 and Vtg2 expression was not induced in E2-treated 7 dpf embryos but was significantly induced in 9 and 12 dpf larvae, suggesting a developmental-stage-specific regulatory mechanism underlying Vtg expression. The maximum concentrations of NP (0.09-1.5 μM) and BPA (1.8-30 μM) up-regulated Chg expression in 9 or 12 dpf larvae, and the relative estrogenic potencies (REPs) of E2, NP, and BPA were 1, 2.1 × 10-4, and 1.0 × 10-5, respectively. Chg messenger RNA (mRNA) in medaka embryos and larvae can be used as a sensitive biomarker for screening potential estrogenic EDCs. Our assay system using embryos and larvae can be used as an in vivo alternative model because independent feeding stages (e.g., embryonic and early larval stages) are suitable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Temma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Biological and Chemical Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, 2627 Hirayama-shinmachi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto, 866-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
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19
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Horie Y, Yonekura K, Suzuki A, Takahashi C. Zinc chloride influences embryonic development, growth, and Gh/Igf-1 gene expression during the early life stage in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108684. [PMID: 31874288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although zinc is an essential element for organisms, excess zinc exposure is harmful. We assessed the possible negative influence of zinc (Zn) on the freshwater fish Danio rerio during its early life stage by using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline no. 210. Lethality of Zn after hatching occurred in a concentration dependent manner. The LC50 and lowest observed effect concentration of mortality values in the present toxicity assay were 2.31 mg/L (95% confidence limit: 1.81-3.05) and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. These values were close to the reported concentration recorded in aquatic environments. Growth inhibition was observed at 15 and 30 days post-hatching with Zn exposure of 1.5 mg/L. In general, the growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth factor-I (Igf-1) axis is important for growth in fishes, and Zn exposure induced a significant reduction of igf-1 expression at the concentration that caused growth inhibition. These findings suggest that the observed growth inhibition was induced by the suppression of igf-1 expression. In addition, these results suggest that by examining gene expression on the Gh/Igf-1 axis, it may be possible to predict growth suppression by chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Kei Yonekura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ayaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
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20
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Bai C, Tang M. Toxicological study of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:37-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changcun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
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21
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Tu W, Martínez R, Navarro-Martin L, Kostyniuk DJ, Hum C, Huang J, Deng M, Jin Y, Chan HM, Mennigen JA. Bioconcentration and Metabolic Effects of Emerging PFOS Alternatives in Developing Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13427-13439. [PMID: 31609598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel PFOS alternatives, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), are emerging in the Chinese market, but little is known about their ecological risks. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PFOS, F-53B, and OBS to evaluate their bioconcentration and acute metabolic consequences. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) accumulated in larvae in the order of F-53B > PFOS > OBS, with the bioconcentration factors ranging from 20 to 357. Exposure to F-53B and PFOS, but not OBS, increased energy expenditure, and reduced feed intake in a concentration-dependent manner and the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways at the transcriptional and translational levels. Molecular docking revealed that the binding affinities of PFASs to glucokinase were decreased in the following order: F-53B > PFOS > OBS. Finally, the results of Point of Departure (PoD) indicate that metabolic end points at the molecular and organismal level are most sensitive to F-53B followed by PFOS and OBS. Collectively, F-53B has the highest bioconcentration potential and the strongest metabolism-disrupting effects, followed by PFOS and OBS. Our findings have important implications for the assessment of early developmental metabolic effects of PFOS alternatives F-53B and OBS in wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Rubén Martínez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC , Jordi Girona, Barcelona 18-26 08034 , Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 585 08007 , Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC , Jordi Girona, Barcelona 18-26 08034 , Spain
| | - Daniel J Kostyniuk
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Christine Hum
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , 310032 , China
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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22
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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23
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Yang Q, Zhuang S, Lv L, Zuo Z, Wang C. Exposure to low-level metalaxyl impacts the cardiac development and function of zebrafish embryos. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:1-8. [PMID: 31471016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl is an anilide pesticide that is widely used to control plant diseases caused by Peronosporales species. In order to study the toxic effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to metalaxyl at nominal concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ng/L for 72 hr, and the cardiac development and functioning of larvae were observed. The results showed that metalaxyl exposure resulted in increased rates of pericardial edema, heart hemorrhage and cardiac malformation. The distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus, stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate were significantly increased in larvae exposed to 50 and 500 ng/L metalaxyl compared to solvent control larvae. Significant upregulation in the transcription of tbx5, gata4 and myh6 was observed in the 50 and 500 ng/L treatments, and that of nkx2.5 and myl7 was observed in the 5, 50 and 500 ng/L groups. These disturbances may be related to cardiac developmental and functional defects in the larvae. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase was significantly increased in zebrafish embryos exposed to 500 ng/L metalaxyl, and the mRNA levels of genes related to ATPase (atp2a11, atp1b2b, and atp1a3b) (in the 50 and 500 ng/L groups) and calcium channels (cacna1ab) (in the 500 ng/L group) were significantly downregulated; these changes might be associated with heart arrhythmia and functional failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wu
- Wuyi University, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liangju Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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24
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Meador JP, Nahrgang J. Characterizing Crude Oil Toxicity to Early-Life Stage Fish Based On a Complex Mixture: Are We Making Unsupported Assumptions? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11080-11092. [PMID: 31503459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) from crude oil have concluded that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the primary causative agents for early life stage (ELS) fish toxicity. Noteworthy is the lack of studies demonstrating that the sum of PAHs are capable of causing toxic effects in ELS fish at the low levels claimed (0.1-5 μg/L) without being part of a complex crude oil mixture. Crude oil and the WSF are composed of thousands of other compounds that co-occur and likely contribute to crude oil toxicity. Based on the available data, it appears that the syndrome of effects (lower heart rate, edemas, and morphological abnormalities) for ELS fish exposed to the aqueous fraction of a crude oil mixture is commonly observed in studies exposing fish embryos to high concentrations of a variety of compounds and may be a nonspecific response. We conclude that the available data support the hypothesis that this syndrome of effects is likely the result of baseline toxicity (not receptor based) due to membrane disruption and resulting alteration in ion (e.g., calcium and potassium) homeostasis. We acknowledge the possibility of some compounds in the WSF capable of causing a specific receptor based toxicity response to ELS fish; however, such compounds have not been identified nor their receptor characterized. Concluding that PAHs are the main toxic compounds for crude oil exposure is misleading and does not result in guideline values that can be useful for environmental protection. Water quality guidelines for any single chemical or suite of chemicals must be based on a complete understanding of exposure concentrations, mechanism of action, potency, and resulting response. This review focuses on the toxic effects reported for fish embryos and the purported toxic concentrations observed in the aqueous phase of an oil/water mixture, the known levels of toxicity for individual PAHs, a toxic unit approach for characterizing mixtures, and the potential molecular initiating event for ELS toxicity in fish. This review also has implications for a large number of studies exposing ELS fish to a variety of compounds at high concentrations that result in a common baseline toxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 2725 Montlake Boulevard East , Seattle , Washington 98112 , United States
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø , Norway
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25
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Horie Y, Kanazawa N, Suzuki A, Yonekura K, Chiba T. Influences of Salinity and Organic Compounds on Embryo Development in Three Medaka Oryzias Congeners with Habitats Ranging from Freshwater to Marine. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:411-415. [PMID: 31203410 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether Oryzias congeners, including freshwater, brackish water, and marine medaka, would be useful models for evaluating environmental chemical effects in various aquatic ecosystems, we examined the influence of salinity on their embryo development. We also compared the toxicity values of the organotin compounds triphenyltin and tributyltin, which remain pollutants of marine and freshwater ecosystems, between Oryzias latipes (freshwater), Oryzias melastigma (brackish water), and Oryzias javanicus (saltwater). Hatching and survival rates of O. latipes were significantly decreased at a salinity of 34, whereas O. melastigma and O. javanicus were adaptable to various salinities from freshwater to seawater. The lowest observed effect concentrations of organotin compounds for survival and embryo development were the similar in the three species. The similarity of the species' responses to organotin compounds indicated that Oryzias congeners are useful for ecological risk assessment of chemicals in a range of aquatic ecosystems, from freshwater to marine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, 84-4 Ebinokuchi, Tsuchiya, Yurihonjo, Akita, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Ayaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kei Yonekura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takashi Chiba
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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26
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Luzeena Raja G, Divya Subhashree K, Lite C, Santosh W, Barathi S. Transient exposure of methylparaben to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos altered cortisol level, acetylcholinesterase activity and induced anxiety-like behaviour. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:53-59. [PMID: 30395803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives. Recent studies have reported the endocrine disrupting effects of these chemicals, especially methylparaben. Previously, we have reported the alteration in Vtg gene expression upon exposure to environmentally relevant doses of methylparaben in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. However, studies reporting neurobehavioural outcomes on exposure to methylparaben are limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the methylparaben-induced effects on developmental and neurobehavioural endpoints. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of methylparaben: 0.1 ppb, 1 ppb, 10 ppb and 100 ppb. Alterations in developmental landmarks such as heart rate and hatching percentage were observed in embryos exposed to 10 ppb and 100 ppb of methylparaben. Results obtained from the novel tank diving test established that anxiety-like behaviour is induced in larvae exposed to 0.1 ppb and 1 ppb of methylparaben. A significant inhibition in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also recorded in methylparaben-exposed groups. An increase in cortisol levels was observed in the exposed groups, which further supports the observations made in the novel tank diving test, establishing methylparaben as an anxiogenic agent even at sub-lethal concentrations. The underlying molecular mechanism needs further elucidation to investigate whether the behavioural effects are proximally or distally induced by early developmental exposure to methylparaben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Winkins Santosh
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India; P.G. Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Barathi
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Yagi A, Shintaku Y, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium induces abnormal embryogenesis and delayed lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish (
Danio rerio
). J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:622-629. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource SciencesAkita Prefectural University 241‐438 Kaidobata‐Nishi, Nakano Simoshinjo Akita 010‐0195 Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Ayano Yagi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Yoko Shintaku
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University 22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐ku Yokohama 236‐0027 Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Graduate School of AgricultureEhime University Tarumi 3‐5‐7 Matsuyama 790‐8566 Japan
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28
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Horie Y, Kanazawa N, Yamagishi T, Yonekura K, Tatarazako N. Ecotoxicological Test Assay Using OECD TG 212 in Marine Java Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) and Freshwater Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:344-348. [PMID: 30022344 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lethal effects of chemicals is a serious concern to the protection of ecosystems, and the OECD TG 212 was established to estimate the lethal and sublethal effects on embryo and sac-fry stages of fish. It is still unclear, however, whether this test can effectively estimate the impacts of chemicals using marine fish. Therefore, this study aimed to use a recognized testing method on the marine fish Oryzias javanicus, and to assess differences in response to organotin compounds between a freshwater congener (Oryzias latipes) and O. javanicus. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of triphenyltin for lethal effect was the same in both species. The LOEC of tributyltin for lethal and sublethal effects were the same in both species. Our results provide the first evidence that O. javanicus and O. latipes are similarly affected by organotin compounds, suggesting that O. javanicus is a good model marine fish for the ecotoxicological assessment of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Faculty of System Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, 84-4 Ebinokuchi, Tsuchiya, Yurihonjo, Akita, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Yonekura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
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29
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Sreevidya VS, Lenz KA, Svoboda KR, Ma H. Benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and chloroxylenol - Three replacement antimicrobials are more toxic than triclosan and triclocarban in two model organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:814-824. [PMID: 29348075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the recent ban of triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) from some personal care products, many replacement antimicrobial compounds have been used. Yet the potential health risk and environmental impact of these replacement compounds are largely unknown. Here we investigated the toxicological effects of three commonly used replacement antimicrobials, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BEC), and chloroxylenol (CX) to two model organisms, the nematode C. elegans and zebrafish (Danio rerio), and compared them to the banned TCS and TCC. We found that these replacement compounds are not any safer than the banned antimicrobials. In the worm, at least one of the three, BAC, showed comparable toxicity to TCS from organismal to molecular levels, with toxic effects occurring at lower hundred μg/L to lower mg/L levels. In the fish, all three compounds at the tested concentration ranges (0.05-5 mg/L) showed toxicity effects to zebrafish embryos, indicated by hatching delay or inhibition, embryonic mortality, morphological malformations, and neurotoxicity. BAC was the most toxic among the three, with acute lethal toxicity occurring at environmentally relevant concentrations (hundreds of μg/L), which is comparable to the banned TCC. However, the toxicity effects of BAC and TCC occurred within different time windows, potentially suggesting different mechanisms of toxicity. CX was the only compound that induced a "body curvature" phenotype among the five compounds examined, suggesting a unique mode of toxic action for this compound. Furthermore, all five compounds except TCS induced neurotoxicity in fish larvae, indicated by alterations in secondary motoneuron axonal projections. Such neurotoxicity has been largely understudied for these antimicrobials in the past years and calls for further investigations in terms of its underlying mechanisms and ecological significance. These findings strongly indicate that scrutiny should be put on these replacement compounds before their introduction into massive use in personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virinchipuram S Sreevidya
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Kade A Lenz
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Kurt R Svoboda
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N 10th St, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA.
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30
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Ranadive I, Patel S, Mhaske A, Uggini GK, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. Evaluation of multikinase inhibitor LDN193189 induced hepatotoxicity in teleost fish Poecilia latipinna. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:565-576. [PMID: 29498548 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1441865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, scientists show keen interest in the drugs that inhibit multiple kinases, LDN193189, being an example. It combats certain cancers in vitro as well as in vivo, making it a prerequisite for researchers to study the toxic potential of this drug in animal models. As most of the drugs metabolized by liver cause hepatic injury, LDN193189-induced hepatotoxicity was examined using a teleost fish, Poecilia latipinna. As a prelude, calculation of LD50 showed a value of 95.22 mg/kg body weight and three doses were decided based on it for further evaluations. All these groups were tested for antioxidant enzyme levels and were significantly raised for mid- and high-dose group. Similar trend was recorded for ALP, AST, and ALT levels. Furthermore, some key indicators of drug metabolism in liver were tested for their expression in response to LDN193189 treatment. Among these, Cyt-C, CYP3A4, CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 were elevated in mid- and high dose, except CYP21A1, which declined remarkably. Moreover, histological profile of the liver reflected high degree of inflammation due to drug treatment, but this was found only at high dose. In summary, LDN193189, at 2.5 mg/kg body weight, did not cause any adverse hepatotoxicity, rendering it safe for use as an anti-proliferative agent - an activity for which it has already shown promising results in the same animal model. The low-dose group previously studied for its anti-proliferative property showed no adverse effect in liver, whereas the mid- and high dose induced moderate or severe hepatotoxicity in P. latipinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Ranadive
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Abhilasha Mhaske
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Gowri Kumari Uggini
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Isha Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidhya Nagar, Anand, India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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31
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Fiorino E, Sehonova P, Plhalova L, Blahova J, Svobodova Z, Faggio C. Effects of glyphosate on early life stages: comparison between Cyprinus carpio and Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8542-8549. [PMID: 29313199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active substance of many herbicides. According to literature studies, glyphosate residues and their metabolites have been commonly detected in surface waters and toxicological reports confirmed negative effects on living organisms. In this study, the acute embryo toxicity of glyphosate into two different fish species-common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio)-was investigated. Lethal endpoints, development disorder, and, in addition, other sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, and development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat/blood circulation, pigmentation, and edema were recorded to indicate the mode of action of the toxic compound. Hatching retardation (p < 0.05) was observed in experimental groups of common carp exposed to glyphosate with significant statistical difference especially at the highest concentration after 72, 96, and 120 hpf. The significantly highest cumulative mortality at concentration of 50 mg/l was observed. In contrast, hatching stimulation was observed in embryos of zebrafish exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate. The significantly highest cumulative mortality for zebrafish was observed only at concentration of 50 mg/l. Based on our results, early life stages of common carp are more sensitive in comparison to zebrafish to the toxic action of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fiorino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31-98166 S. Agata-, Messina, Italy
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plhalova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31-98166 S. Agata-, Messina, Italy.
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32
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Maharajan K, Muthulakshmi S, Nataraj B, Ramesh M, Kadirvelu K. Toxicity assessment of pyriproxyfen in vertebrate model zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): A multi biomarker study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:132-145. [PMID: 29407799 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy] pyridine) (PPF), a pyridine-based pesticide widely used to control agricultural insect pests and mosquitoes in drinking water sources. However, its ecotoxicological data is limited in aquatic vertebrates particularly in fish. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of PPF in zebrafish embryo development (Danio rerio). In order to investigate the impact of PPF, embryos were exposed to 0.16, 0.33 and 1.66 μg/mL (0.52, 1.04 and 5.2 μM, respectively) for 96 hpf and various biomarker indices such as developmental toxicity (edema formation, hyperemia, heart size and scoliosis), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO)), antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH)), biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (AP)), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), genotoxicity (apoptosis and DNA damage) and histopathological changes were determined. The results showed that severe developmental deformities and changes in heart rate were observed in embryos treated with highest (1.66 μg/mL) concentration than the control (P < 0.05). Heart size measurement showed that, significant change in heart size (P < 0.01) was observed in embryos of 96 hpf only at 1.66 μg/mL PPF exposure. The oxidative stress was apparent at highest test concentration (1.66 μg/mL) as reflected by the elevated ROS, LPO and NO and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT, GST and GPx (P < 0.05). Besides, GSH level and AChE activity were significantly lowered in 1.66 μg/mL PPF exposed group than the control. After 96 hpf of PPF exposure, no significant changes were found in AP activity whereas, a biphasic response was observed in the LDH activity. There was no genotoxic effect in embryos exposed to PPF at 0.16 and 0.33 μg/mL, while significant (P < 0.05) DNA damage and apoptosis were found in 1.66 μg/mL treated group. Histopathological analysis revealed that exposure to PPF at 1.66 μg/mL resulted in thinning of heart muscles, pericardial edema and hyperemia while there was no obvious changes were observed in other treatment groups. Hence, the results of the present study demonstrate that PPF could cause adverse effect on early developmental stages of zebrafish at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Maharajan
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
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Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Takahashi H, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Effects of triclosan on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during embryo development, early life stage and reproduction. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:544-551. [PMID: 29181881 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan has been shown to have endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic organisms. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration banned the use of triclosan in consumer soaps. Before the ban, triclosan was reported at low concentrations in the aquatic environment, although the effect of triclosan on reproduction in teleost fish species is yet to be clarified. Here we investigated the effects of triclosan on embryo development and reproduction, and during the early life stage, in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) by using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development tests 229, 212 and 210, with minor modifications. In adult medaka, exposure to 345.7 μg l-1 suppressed fecundity and increased mortality but had no effect on fertility. Exposure to 174.1 or 345.7 μg l-1 increased liver vitellogenin concentration in females but decreased liver vitellogenin concentration in males. With triclosan exposure, mortality was increased dose dependently during the embryonic and early larval stages, and a particularly steep increase in mortality was observed soon after hatching. The lowest observed effect concentrations of triclosan in Japanese medaka obtained in the present study (mortality [embryonic and larval stages, 276.3 μg l-1 ; early life stage, 134.4 μg l-1 ; adult stage, 174.1 μg l-1 ], growth [134.4 μg l-1 ], vitellogenin [174.1 μg l-1 ], fecundity [345.7 μg l-1 ] and fertility [>345.7 μg l-1 ]) were at least 55 times (compared with the USA) and up to 13 400 times (compared with Germany) greater than the detected triclosan levels in the aquatic environment. These results suggest that triclosan may not be affecting fish populations in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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