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Miron RJ, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Pikos MA, Nakamura T, Imafuji T, Zhang Y, Shinohara Y, Sculean A, Shirakata Y. The development of non-resorbable bone allografts: Biological background and clinical perspectives. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:161-179. [PMID: 38323368 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bone grafts are typically categorized into four categories: autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic alloplasts. While it was originally thought that all bone grafts should be slowly resorbed and replaced with native bone over time, accumulating evidence has in fact suggested that the use of nonresorbable xenografts is favored for certain clinical indications. Thus, many clinicians take advantage of the nonresorbable properties/features of xenografts for various clinical indications, such as contour augmentation, sinus grafting, and guided bone regeneration, which are often combined with allografts (e.g., human freeze-dried bone allografts [FDBAs] and human demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts [DFDBAs]). Thus, many clinicians have advocated different 50/50 or 70/30 ratios of allograft/xenograft combination approaches for various grafting procedures. Interestingly, many clinicians believe that one of the main reasons for the nonresorbability or low substitution rates of xenografts has to do with their foreign animal origin. Recent research has indicated that the sintering technique and heating conducted during their processing changes the dissolution rate of hydroxyapatite, leading to a state in which osteoclasts are no longer able to resorb (dissolve) the sintered bone. While many clinicians often combine nonresorbable xenografts with the bone-inducing properties of allografts for a variety of bone augmentation procedures, clinicians are forced to use two separate products owing to their origins (the FDA/CE does not allow the mixture of allografts with xenografts within the same dish/bottle). This has led to significant progress in understanding the dissolution rates of xenografts at various sintering temperature changes, which has since led to the breakthrough development of nonresorbable bone allografts sintered at similar temperatures to nonresorbable xenografts. The advantage of the nonresorbable bone allograft is that they can now be combined with standard allografts to create a single mixture combining the advantages of both allografts and xenografts while allowing the purchase and use of a single product. This review article presents the concept with evidence derived from a 52-week monkey study that demonstrated little to no resorption along with in vitro data supporting this novel technology as a "next-generation" biomaterial with optimized bone grafting material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takatomo Imafuji
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukiya Shinohara
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Edanami N, Belal RSI, Takenaka S, Yoshiba K, Gutierrez REB, Takahara S, Yoshiba N, Ohkura N, Noiri Y. In Vivo Assessment of the Calcium Salt-Forming Ability of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Intracanal Medicament: Bio-C Temp. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11040091. [PMID: 37185469 PMCID: PMC10137445 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium salt precipitation induced by intracanal medicaments contributes to the formation of apical hard tissue during apexification. This study compared the calcium salt-forming ability of a new calcium silicate-based intracanal medicament (Bio-C Temp) with that of two commercial calcium hydroxide pastes (Calcipex Plane II and Vitapex) in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Polytetrafluoroethylene tubes containing each of the three materials were subcutaneously implanted in 4-week-old male Wistar rats. After 28 days, the composition and amount of calcium salts formed at the material–tissue interface were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental mapping. The tested materials produced white precipitates that had Raman spectra with peaks corresponding to hydroxyapatite and calcite. X-ray diffraction detected hydroxyapatite formation on Calcipex Plane II and Vitapex implants, as well as calcite formation on all three materials. Elemental mapping revealed that Bio-C Temp generated significantly smaller calcium- and phosphorus-rich calcified regions within the subcutaneous connective tissue than Vitapex. These results indicate that Bio-C Temp produced less calcium salt in rat subcutaneous tissue than Vitapex, although all materials formed hydroxyapatite and calcite in rat subcutaneous tissue. Bio-C Temp could be less effective than Vitapex in promoting apical hard tissue formation during apexification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Rosa Edith Baldeon Gutierrez
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takahara
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Toufik E, Noukrati H, Rey C, Marsan O, Charvillat C, Cazalbou S, Ben Youcef H, Barroug A, Combes C. On the physicochemical properties, setting chemical reaction, and in vitro bioactivity of aragonite–chitosan composite cement as a bone substitute. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan gel additive modulates the initial vaterite dissolution–recrystallisation in injectable aragonite-based composite cement and promotes its in vitro bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Toufik
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, HTMR-Lab, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, SCIMATOP-PIB, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 allée EmileMonso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - H. Noukrati
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, ISSB-P, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - C. Rey
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 allée EmileMonso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - O. Marsan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 allée EmileMonso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - C. Charvillat
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 allée EmileMonso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Cazalbou
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - H. Ben Youcef
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, HTMR-Lab, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - A. Barroug
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, SCIMATOP-PIB, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, ISSB-P, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - C. Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 allée EmileMonso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Chemical-Physical Properties and Bioactivity of New Premixed Calcium Silicate-Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213914. [PMID: 36430393 PMCID: PMC9692705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root canal sealers containing varied amounts of different calcium silicates (CaSi): a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (1−10% and 20−30%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide and tricalcium aluminate (CERASEAL); a tricalcium silicate (5−15%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide and lithium carbonate (AH PLUS BIOCERAMIC) and a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (10% and 25%)-containing sealer with calcium aluminate, tricalcium aluminate and tantalite (NEOSEALER FLO). An epoxy resin-based sealer (AH PLUS) was used as control. The initial and final setting times, radiopacity, flowability, film thickness, open pore volume, water absorption, solubility, calcium release and alkalizing activity were tested. The nucleation of calcium phosphates and/or apatite after 28 days aging in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) was evaluated by ESEM-EDX, vibrational IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The analyses showed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus the longest final setting times (1344 ± 60 and 1300 ± 60 min, respectively), while shorter times for AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal (660 ± 60 and 720 ± 60 min, respectively). Radiopacity, flowability and film thickness complied with ISO 6876/12 for all tested materials. A significantly higher open pore volume was observed for NeoSealer Flo, AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal when compared to AH Plus (p < 0.05), significantly higher values were observed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.05). Ceraseal and AH Plus revealed the lowest solubility. All CaSi-containing sealers released calcium and alkalized the soaking water. After 28 days immersion in HBSS, ESEM-EDX analyses revealed the formation of a mineral layer that covered the surface of all bioceramic sealers, with a lower detection of radiopacifiers (Zirconium for Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic, Tantalum for NeoSealer Flo) and an increase in calcium, phosphorous and carbon. The calcium phosphate (CaP) layer was more evident on NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic. IR and micro-Raman revealed the formation of calcium carbonate on the surface of all set materials. A thin layer of a CaP phase was detected only on AH Plus Bioceramic and NeoSealer Flo. Ceraseal did not show CaP deposit despite its highest calcium release among all the tested CaSi-containing sealers. In conclusion, CaSi-containing sealers met the required chemical and physical standards and released biologically relevant ions. Slight/limited apatite nucleation was observed in relation to the high carbonation processes.
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Niu YQ, Liu JH, Aymonier C, Fermani S, Kralj D, Falini G, Zhou CH. Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7883-7943. [PMID: 35993776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials, textiles, cosmetics, and food. Over the last decade, there has been rapid development in the controlled synthesis and surface modification of CaCO3, the stabilization of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC), and CaCO3-based nanostructured materials. In this review, the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 is first examined, including Ca2+-CO32- systems, solid-liquid-gas carbonation, water-in-oil reverse emulsions, and biomineralization. Advancing insights into the nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3 have led to the development of efficient routes towards the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 with specific sizes, morphologies, and polymorphs. Recently-developed surface modification methods of CaCO3 include organic and inorganic modifications, as well as intensified surface reactions. The resultant CaCO3 can then be further engineered via template-induced biomineralization and layer-by-layer assembly into porous, hollow, or core-shell organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The introduction of CaCO3 into nanostructured materials has led to a significant improvement in the mechanical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of such materials, with the resultant CaCO3-based nanostructured materials showing great potential for use in biomaterials and biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy production and storage. The influences that the preparation conditions and additives have on ACC preparation and stabilization are also discussed. Studies indicate that ACC can be used to construct environmentally-friendly hybrid films, supramolecular hydrogels, and drug vehicles. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions of the controlled synthesis and functionalization of CaCO3 and its expanding applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Niu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ Bordeaux, ICMCB, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5026, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damir Kralj
- Laboratory for Precipitation Processes, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P. O. Box 1016, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
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Merle M, Soulié J, Sassoye C, Roblin P, Rey C, Bonhomme C, Combes C. Pyrophosphate-stabilised amorphous calcium carbonate for bone substitution: toward a doping-dependent cluster-based model. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00936f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiscale and multitool advanced characterisation of pyrophosphate-stabilised amorphous calcium carbonates allowed building a cluster-based model paving the way for tunable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Merle
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP – ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémy Soulié
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP – ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre Roblin
- LGC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne Bâtiment 2R1, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Rey
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP – ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP – ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, Toulouse, France
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7
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Factors controlling and influencing polymorphism, morphology and size of calcium carbonate synthesized through the carbonation route: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Umemoto S, Furusawa T, Unuma H, Tajika M, Sekino T. In vivo bioresorbability and bone formation ability of sintered highly pure calcium carbonate granules. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1202-1207. [PMID: 34121021 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate-based bone substitutes derived from natural coral exoskeleton (aragonite) are resorbed and remodeled faster than calcium phosphate-based substitutes. However, coral species with structures appropriate for use as bone substitutes are very limited. Therefore, it is important to evaluate potential of artificial calcium carbonate ceramics as a bone substitute. In this study, calcium carbonate granules with various porosities and pore sizes were prepared by sintering a highly pure (>99.98%) calcium carbonate powder (calcite), and their resorption properties and bone formation abilities were examined in vivo for the first time. The sintered calcium carbonate was resorbed faster than β-tricalcium phosphate, which has a similar structure. However, sintered calcium carbonate did not promote new bone formation during long-term implantation. Furthermore, both resorption and new bone formation were affected by the pore structure. The optimal structures of the artificially sintered calcium carbonate bone substitute were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Umemoto
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
| | - Toshitake Furusawa
- Tohoku Oral Implant Association.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Hidero Unuma
- Tohoku Oral Implant Association.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | | | - Tohru Sekino
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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Bai X, Liu W, Xu L, Ye Q, Zhou H, Berg C, Yuan H, Li J, Xia W. Sequential macrophage transition facilitates endogenous bone regeneration induced by Zn-doped porous microcrystalline bioactive glass. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2885-2898. [PMID: 33721004 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02884c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the immune microenvironment during bone healing, and sequential macrophage phenotypic transition could achieve superior osteogenic outcomes. Microcrystalline bioactive glasses (MCBGs) with osteoimmunomodulatory effects show potential in bone tissue regeneration. Zinc (Zn) has been approved to coordinate innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, in this study, different amounts of ZnO were incorporated into microcrystalline bioactive glass to improve its immunomodulatory ability. The effect of Zn-MCBG ionic extracts on macrophage transition was studied, and the 5Zn-MCBG extracts could orchestrate sequential M1-to-M2 macrophage transition and promote the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and cytokine expression to induce human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Macroporous Zn-MCBG scaffolds containing mesopores were fabricated and showed good cell adhesion and feasible apatite formation when immersed in SBF in vitro. Furthermore, a rat calvarial defect model was used to confirm that the Zn-MCBG scaffold could modulate macrophage phenotypic transition and create a desirable osteogenic microenvironment to promote osteogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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10
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Norris K, Kocot M, Tryba AM, Chai F, Talari A, Ashton L, Parakhonskiy BV, Samal SK, Blanchemain N, Pamuła E, Douglas TEL. Marine-Inspired Enzymatic Mineralization of Dairy-Derived Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060294. [PMID: 32498225 PMCID: PMC7344948 DOI: 10.3390/md18060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) is a by-product from the production of cheese and Greek yoghurt comprising β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) (75%). Hydrogels can be produced from WPI solutions through heating; hydrogels can be sterilized by autoclaving. WPI hydrogels have shown cytocompatibility and ability to enhance proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-forming cells. Hence, they have promise in the area of bone tissue regeneration. In contrast to commonly used ceramic minerals for bone regeneration, a major advantage of hydrogels is the ease of their modification by incorporating biologically active substances such as enzymes. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main inorganic component of the exoskeletons of marine invertebrates. Two polymorphs of CaCO3, calcite and aragonite, have shown the ability to promote bone regeneration. Other authors have reported that the addition of magnesium to inorganic phases has a beneficial effect on bone-forming cell growth. In this study, we employed a biomimetic, marine-inspired approach to mineralize WPI hydrogels with an inorganic phase consisting of CaCO3 (mainly calcite) and CaCO3 enriched with magnesium using the calcifying enzyme urease. The novelty of this study lies in both the enzymatic mineralization of WPI hydrogels and enrichment of the mineral with magnesium. Calcium was incorporated into the mineral formed to a greater extent than magnesium. Increasing the concentration of magnesium in the mineralization medium led to a reduction in the amount and crystallinity of the mineral formed. Biological studies revealed that mineralized and unmineralized hydrogels were not cytotoxic and promoted cell viability to comparable extents (approximately 74% of standard tissue culture polystyrene). The presence of magnesium in the mineral formed had no adverse effect on cell viability. In short, WPI hydrogels, both unmineralized and mineralized with CaCO3 and magnesium-enriched CaCO3, show potential as biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Norris
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (A.T.); (T.E.L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-34-38217
| | - Magdalena Kocot
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-962 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Anna M. Tryba
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-962 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Feng Chai
- INSERM U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille, 59006 Lille, France; (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Abdullah Talari
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (A.T.); (T.E.L.D.)
- Chemistry Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Lorna Ashton
- Chemistry Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Nanotechnology Department, Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Sangram K. Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India;
| | - Nicholas Blanchemain
- INSERM U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille, 59006 Lille, France; (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-962 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (A.T.); (T.E.L.D.)
- Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Sohrabi M, Eftekhari Yekta B, Rezaie HR, Naimi‐Jamal MR. Rheology, injectability, and bioactivity of bioactive glass containing chitosan/gelatin, nano pastes. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Sohrabi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Bijan Eftekhari Yekta
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid R. Rezaie
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Naimi‐Jamal
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
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12
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Wysokowski M, Machałowski T, Petrenko I, Schimpf C, Rafaja D, Galli R, Ziętek J, Pantović S, Voronkina A, Kovalchuk V, Ivanenko VN, Hoeksema BW, Diaz C, Khrunyk Y, Stelling AL, Giovine M, Jesionowski T, Ehrlich H. 3D Chitin Scaffolds of Marine Demosponge Origin for Biomimetic Mollusk Hemolymph-Associated Biomineralization Ex-Vivo. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E123. [PMID: 32092907 PMCID: PMC7074400 DOI: 10.3390/md18020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based tissue engineering requires large-scale 3D cell/tissue manufacture technologies, to produce biologically active scaffolds. Special attention is currently paid to naturally pre-designed scaffolds found in skeletons of marine sponges, which represent a renewable resource of biomaterials. Here, an innovative approach to the production of mineralized scaffolds of natural origin is proposed. For the first time, a method to obtain calcium carbonate deposition ex vivo, using living mollusks hemolymph and a marine-sponge-derived template, is specifically described. For this purpose, the marine sponge Aplysin aarcheri and the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum were selected as appropriate 3D chitinous scaffold and as hemolymph donor, respectively. The formation of calcium-based phase on the surface of chitinous matrix after its immersion into hemolymph was confirmed by Alizarin Red staining. A direct role of mollusks hemocytes is proposed in the creation of fine-tuned microenvironment necessary for calcification ex vivo. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed a high CaCO3 amorphous content. Raman spectroscopy evidenced also a crystalline component, with spectra corresponding to biogenic calcite. This study resulted in the development of a new biomimetic product based on ex vivo synthetized ACC and calcite tightly bound to the surface of 3D sponge chitin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - David Rafaja
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Ziętek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Snežana Pantović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Kruševac bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine;
| | - Valentine Kovalchuk
- Department of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine;
| | - Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bert W. Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Diaz
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 Old Dixie Hwy, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA;
| | - Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- The Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Allison L. Stelling
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
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Myszka B, Schüßler M, Hurle K, Demmert B, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Wolf SE. Phase-specific bioactivity and altered Ostwald ripening pathways of calcium carbonate polymorphs in simulated body fluid. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18232-18244. [PMID: 35515223 PMCID: PMC9064690 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is an abundant biomineral, and already archeological records demonstrate its bioactivity and applicability for osseo-integrative implants. Its solubility, which is generally higher than those of calcium phosphates, depends on its polymorph turning calcium carbonate into a promising biomaterial with tunable bioresorption rate. However, the phase-dependent bioactivity of calcium carbonate, i.e., its osteoconductivity, is still insufficiently characterized. In this study, we address this issue by monitoring the behavior of the four most important calcium carbonate phases, i.e., calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and amorphous calcium carbonate, in simulated body fluid solution at 37 °C. Our results demonstrate that the thermodynamically stable calcite phase is essentially inert. In contrast, the metastable phases aragonite and vaterite are bioactive, thus promoting the formation of calcium phosphate. Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) shows prominent bioactivity accompanied by pronounced redissolution processes. Mg-stabilized ACC was additionally tested since its increased stability eases formulation and handling in future applications. It is highly bioactive and, moreover, the additional release of Mg promotes cell viability. Overall, our results demonstrate that bioactivity of calcium carbonate is phase-dependent, allowing tailored response and bioactivity of future calcareous biomaterials. Our results also reveal that phosphate ions strongly interfere with Ostwald-Lussac step ripening of calcium carbonate, kinetically stabilizing metastable polymorphs such as vaterite and aragonite; this is a distinctive feature of the calcium carbonate mineral system which clearly has to be considered in future applications of calcium carbonate as a bioceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Myszka
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martina Schüßler
- Institute for Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Martensstraße 5 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Katrin Hurle
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern - Mineralogy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Schlossgarten 5a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benedikt Demmert
- Institute for Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Martensstraße 5 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Institute for Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Martensstraße 5 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Mozafari M, Banijamali S, Baino F, Kargozar S, Hill RG. Calcium carbonate: Adored and ignored in bioactivity assessment. Acta Biomater 2019; 91:35-47. [PMID: 31004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The title of this article could sound a bit curious to some readers since a layer of apatite - and not calcium carbonate - is well-known to form on the surface of bioactive glasses upon immersion in simulated body fluids. However, calcium carbonate (commonly reported as calcite crystals) can form on the surface of bioactive glasses as well, instead of or in competition with hydroxyapatite, during in vitro tests. Major factors that govern calcium carbonate formation are a high concentration of Ca2+ ions in the testing solution - and, in this regard, glass composition/texture and type of medium play key roles - along with the volume of solution used during in vitro tests. To date, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention and is still partly unexplored. This article provides a critical overview of the available literature on this topic in order to stimulate constructive discussion among biomaterials scientists and further research for better understanding the mechanisms involved in glass bioactivity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A literature search indicates that a layer of apatite - and not calcium carbonate - is well known to form on the surface of biomaterials during the bioactivity assessment. However, calcium carbonate can form on the surface as well, instead of or in competition with apatite. To date, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention and is still partly unexplored. This review provides a critical overview of the available literature on this topic in order to stimulate constructive discussions that can be further useful for clinical success.
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Lopez-Heredia MA, Łapa A, Reczyńska K, Pietryga K, Balcaen L, Mendes AC, Schaubroeck D, Van Der Voort P, Dokupil A, Plis A, Stevens CV, Parakhonskiy BV, Samal SK, Vanhaecke F, Chai F, Chronakis IS, Blanchemain N, Pamuła E, Skirtach AG, Douglas TE. Mineralization of gellan gum hydrogels with calcium and magnesium carbonates by alternate soaking in solutions of calcium/magnesium and carbonate ion solutions. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1825-1834. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Lopez-Heredia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille; U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials; Lille France
| | - Agata Łapa
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Katarzyna Reczyńska
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pietryga
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Lieve Balcaen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana C. Mendes
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food; Technical University of Denmark (DTU); Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - David Schaubroeck
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Plis
- Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (ICHPW); Zabrze Poland
| | - Chris V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy
- Department Molecular Biotechology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography; FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS; Moscow Russia
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Feng Chai
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille; U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials; Lille France
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food; Technical University of Denmark (DTU); Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nicolas Blanchemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille; U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials; Lille France
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department Molecular Biotechology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Timothy E.L. Douglas
- Department Molecular Biotechology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Engineering Department; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
- Materials Science Institute (MSI); Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
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16
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Douglas TE, Łapa A, Samal SK, Declercq HA, Schaubroeck D, Mendes AC, der Voort PV, Dokupil A, Plis A, De Schamphelaere K, Chronakis IS, Pamuła E, Skirtach AG. Enzymatic, urease-mediated mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel with calcium carbonate, magnesium-enriched calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate for bone regeneration applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3556-3566. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Łapa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi A. Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Science - Tissue Engineering Group; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - David Schaubroeck
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST); IMEC and Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana C. Mendes
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food; Technical University of Denmark (DTU); Lyngby Denmark
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Plis
- Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (ICHPW); Zabrze Poland
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory for Environmental and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food; Technical University of Denmark (DTU); Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics; AGH University of Science and Technology; Kraków Poland
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department Molecular Biotechnology; Ghent University; Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles as multifunctional agent for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:493-504. [PMID: 28412552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) containing controllable amount of different ions, with the aim to impart antibacterial activity, as well as stimulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, is attracting an increasing interest. In this contribution, in order to endow nano-sized MBG with additional biological functions, the framework of a binary SiO2-CaO mesoporous glass was modified with different concentrations of copper ions (2 and 5%mol.), through a one-pot ultrasound-assisted sol-gel procedure. The Cu-containing MBG (2%mol.) showed high exposed surface area (550m2g-1), uniform mesoporous channels (2.6nm), remarkable in vitro bioactive behaviour and sustained release of Cu2+ ions. Cu-MBG nanoparticles and their ionic dissolution extracts exhibited antibacterial effect against three different bacteria strains, E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and the ability to inhibit and disperse the biofilm produced by S. epidermidis. The obtained results suggest that the developed material, which combines in single multifunctional agent excellent bioactivity and antimicrobial ability, offers promising opportunities for the prevention of infectious diseases and the effective treatment of bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In order to endow mesoporous bioactive glass, characterized by excellent bioactive properties, with additional biological functions, Cu-doped mesoporous SiO2-CaO glass (Cu-MBG) in the form of nanoparticles was prepared by an ultra-sound assisted one pot synthesis. The analysis of the bacterial viability, using different bacterial strains, and the morphological observation of the biofilm produced by the Staphylococcus epidermidis, revealed the antimicrobial effectiveness of the Cu-MBG and the relative ionic extracts against both the bacterial growth and the biofilm formation/dispersion, providing a true alternative to traditional antibiotic systemic therapies. The proposed multifunctional agent represents a promising and versatile platform for bone and soft tissues regeneration.
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18
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Fiocco L, Elsayed H, Badocco D, Pastore P, Bellucci D, Cannillo V, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Bernardo E. Direct ink writing of silica-bonded calcite scaffolds from preceramic polymers and fillers. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025012. [PMID: 28393760 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6c37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silica-bonded calcite scaffolds have been successfully 3D-printed by direct ink writing, starting from a paste comprising a silicone polymer and calcite powders, calibrated in order to match a SiO2/CaCO3 weight balance of 35/65. The scaffolds, fabricated with two slightly different geometries, were first cross-linked at 350 °C, then fired at 600 °C, in air. The low temperature adopted for the conversion of the polymer into amorphous silica, by thermo-oxidative decomposition, prevented the decomposition of calcite. The obtained silica-bonded calcite scaffolds featured open porosity of about 56%-64% and compressive strength of about 2.9-5.5 MPa, depending on the geometry. Dissolution studies in SBF and preliminary cell culture tests, with bone marrow stromal cells, confirmed the in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds and their biocompatibility. The seeded cells were found to be alive, well anchored and spread on the samples surface. The new silica-calcite composites are expected to be suitable candidates as tissue-engineering 3D scaffolds for regeneration of cancellous bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fiocco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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19
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Ishikawa K, Kawachi G, Tsuru K, Yoshimoto A. Fabrication of calcite blocks from gypsum blocks by compositional transformation based on dissolution-precipitation reactions in sodium carbonate solution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:389-393. [PMID: 28024601 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been used as a bone substitute, and is a precursor for carbonate apatite, which is also a promising bone substitute. However, limited studies have been reported on the fabrication of artificial calcite blocks. In the present study, cylindrical calcite blocks (ϕ6×3mm) were fabricated by compositional transformation based on dissolution-precipitation reactions using different calcium sulfate blocks as a precursor. In the dissolution-precipitation reactions, both CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO4 transformed into calcite, a polymorph of CaCO3, while maintaining their macroscopic structure when immersed in 1mol/L Na2CO3 solution at 80°C for 1week. The diametral tensile strengths of the calcite blocks formed using CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO4 were 1.0±0.3 and 2.3±0.7MPa, respectively. The fabrication of calcite blocks using CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO4 proposed in this investigation may be a useful method to produce calcite blocks because of the self-setting ability and high temperature stability of gypsum precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Giichiro Kawachi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayami Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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20
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Neumeyer D, Venturini C, Ratel-Ramond N, Verelst M, Gourdon A. Simple and economic elaboration of high purity CaCO3 particles for bone graft applications using a spray pyrolysis technique. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6897-6907. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CaCO3 particles obtained using spray pyrolysis possess all the requirements to constitute promising multi-purpose materials for bone graft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Verelst
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- 31055 Toulouse
- France
- ChromaLys S.A.S
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21
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Sun M, Liu A, Ma C, Shao H, Yu M, Liu Y, Yan S, Gou Z. Systematic investigation of β-dicalcium silicate-based bone cements in vitro and in vivo in comparison with clinically applied calcium phosphate cement and Bio-Oss®. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we systematically investigated the biological performance of a β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S)-based bone cement in comparison with the clinically used calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and Bio-Oss®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - An Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Huifeng Shao
- The State Key Lab of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Systems
- College of Mechanical Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Menghua Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - Yanming Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310029
- China
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22
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Prakasam M, Locs J, Salma-Ancane K, Loca D, Largeteau A, Berzina-Cimdina L. Fabrication, Properties and Applications of Dense Hydroxyapatite: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:1099-140. [PMID: 26703750 PMCID: PMC4695913 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6041099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last five decades, there have been vast advances in the field of biomaterials, including ceramics, glasses, glass-ceramics and metal alloys. Dense and porous ceramics have been widely used for various biomedical applications. Current applications of bioceramics include bone grafts, spinal fusion, bone repairs, bone fillers, maxillofacial reconstruction, etc. Amongst the various calcium phosphate compositions, hydroxyapatite, which has a composition similar to human bone, has attracted wide interest. Much emphasis is given to tissue engineering, both in porous and dense ceramic forms. The current review focusses on the various applications of dense hydroxyapatite and other dense biomaterials on the aspects of transparency and the mechanical and electrical behavior. Prospective future applications, established along the aforesaid applications of hydroxyapatite, appear to be promising regarding bone bonding, advanced medical treatment methods, improvement of the mechanical strength of artificial bone grafts and better in vitro/in vivo methodologies to afford more particular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Prakasam
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France; E-Mail:
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (K.S.-A.); (D.L.); (L.B.-C.)
| | - Kristine Salma-Ancane
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (K.S.-A.); (D.L.); (L.B.-C.)
| | - Dagnija Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (K.S.-A.); (D.L.); (L.B.-C.)
| | - Alain Largeteau
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France; E-Mail:
| | - Liga Berzina-Cimdina
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (K.S.-A.); (D.L.); (L.B.-C.)
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Ishikawa K, Koga N, Tsuru K, Takahashi I. Fabrication of interconnected porous calcite by bridging calcite granules with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and their histological evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:652-658. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Noriko Koga
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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24
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Maleki Dizaj S, Lotfipour F, Barzegar-Jalali M, Zarrintan MH, Adibkia K. Application of Box-Behnken design to prepare gentamicin-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1475-81. [PMID: 25950955 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1042108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to prepare and optimize calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles as carriers for gentamicin sulfate. A chemical precipitation method was used to prepare the gentamicin sulfate-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization procedure, with the molar ratio of CaCl2: Na2CO3 (X1), the concentration of drug (X2), and the speed of homogenization (X3) as the independent variables. The particle size and entrapment efficiency were considered as response variables. Mathematical equations and response surface plots were used, along with the counter plots, to relate the dependent and independent variables. The results indicated that the speed of homogenization was the main variable contributing to particle size and entrapment efficiency. The combined effect of all three independent variables was also evaluated. Using the response optimization design, the optimized Xl-X3 levels were predicted. An optimized formulation was then prepared according to these levels, resulting in a particle size of 80.23 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 30.80%. It was concluded that the chemical precipitation technique, together with the Box-Behnken experimental design methodology, could be successfully used to optimize the formulation of drug-incorporated calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- a Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- c Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Zarrintan
- d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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25
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Ishikawa K, Tram NXT, Tsuru K, Toita R. Fabrication of porous calcite using chopped nylon fiber and its evaluation using rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:94. [PMID: 25649514 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although porous calcite has attracted attention as bone substitutes, limited studies have been made so far. In the present study, porous calcite block was fabricated by introducing chopped nylon fiber as porogen. Ca(OH)2 powder containing 10 wt% chopped nylon fiber was compacted at 150 MPa, and sintered to burn out the fiber and to carbonate the Ca(OH)2 under stream of 1:2 O2-CO2. Sintering of Ca(OH)2 at 750 °C or lower temperature resulted in incomplete burning out of the fiber whereas sintering at 800 °C or higher temperature resulted in the formation of CaO due to the thermal decomposition of Ca(OH)2. However, sintering at 770 °C resulted in complete burning out of the fiber and complete carbonation of Ca(OH)2 to calcite without forming CaO. Macro- and micro-porosities of the porous calcite were approximately 23 and 16%, respectively. Diameter of the macropores was approximately 100 μm which is suitable for bone tissue penetration. Porous calcite block fabricated by this method exhibited good tissue response when implanted in the bone defect in femur of 12-weeks-old rat. Four weeks after implantation, bone bonded on the surface of calcite. Furthermore, bone tissue penetrated interior to the macropore at 8 weeks. These results demonstrated the good potential value of porous calcite as artificial bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan,
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Yokoi T, Kim IY, Ohtsuki C. MINERALIZATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN A SOLUTION MIMICKING IN VIVO CONDITIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3363/prb.26.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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OTSU A, TSURU K, MARUTA M, MUNAR ML, MATSUYA S, ISHIKAWA K. Fabrication of microporous calcite block from calcium hydroxide compact under carbon dioxide atmosphere at high temperature. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:593-600. [PMID: 22864212 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Lin Q, Lan X, Li Y, Ni Y, Lu C, Chen Y, Xu Z. Preparation and in vitro bioactivity of zinc incorporating tricalium silicate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Kansal I, Goel A, Tulyaganov DU, Santos LF, Ferreira JMF. Structure, surface reactivity and physico-chemical degradation of fluoride containing phospho-silicate glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Lin Q, Lan X, Li Y, Yu Y, Ni Y, Lu C, Xu Z. Anti-washout carboxymethyl chitosan modified tricalcium silicate bone cement: preparation, mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:3065-3076. [PMID: 20890641 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-washout CaF(2) stabilized C(3)S (F-C(3)S) bone cement was prepared by adding water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) to the hydration liquid. The setting time, compressive strength and in vitro bioactivity of the CMCS modified F-C(3)S (CMCS-C(3)S) pastes were evaluated. The results indicate that CMCS-C(3)S pastes could be stable in the shaking simulated body fluid (SBF) after immediately mixed. The addition of CMCS significantly enhances the cohesion of particles, at the same time restrains the penetration of liquid, and thus endows the anti-washout ability. The setting times of the pastes increase with the increase of CMCS concentrations in the hydration liquid. Besides, the compressive strengths of CMCS-C(3)S pastes after setting for 1-28 days are lower than that of the pure F-C(3)S paste, but the sufficient strengths would be suitable for the clinical applications. The crystalline apatite deposited on the paste surface is retarded from 1 to 2 days for the addition of CMCS, but the quantities of deposited apatite are same after soaking in SBF for 3 days. As the result that pure C(3)S paste has shorter setting times than pure F-C(3)S paste, CMCS modified pure C(3)S pastes would have better anti-washout ability. Our study provides a convenient way to use C(3)S bone cement with excellent anti-washout ability when the pastes are exposed to biological fluids. The novel anti-washout CMCS-C(3)S bone cement with suitable setting times, sufficient strengths and in vitro bioactivity would have good prospects for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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32
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Hsu Y, Turner I, Miles A. Article Commentary: A Commentary on “Evaluation of the in vitro Bioactivity of Bioceramics”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4137/btri.s4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The interesting article reported in Bone and Tissue Regeneration Insights by Wu and Xiao entitled “Evaluation of the in vitro bioactivity of bioceramics” contrasts two methods (Simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture experiments) which have been commonly used to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of bioceramics. Limitations in estimating the bioactivity of bioceramics using both methods have been reviewed. Therefore, Wu and Xiao suggest the combination of these two methods to evaluate the bioactivity of bioceramics can improve the screening efficiency for the selection of bioactive ceramics for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.H. Hsu
- Centre for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - I.G. Turner
- Centre for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A.W. Miles
- Centre for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Kinetics of apatite formation on a calcium-silicate cement for root-end filling during ageing in physiological-like phosphate solutions. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:659-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Aspects of thein vitrobioactivity of hydraulic calcium (alumino)silicate cement. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Ghosh SK, Nandi SK, Kundu B, Datta S, De DK, Roy SK, Basu D. In vivo response of porous hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate prepared by aqueous solution combustion method and comparison with bioglass scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 86:217-27. [PMID: 18161811 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a biphasic calcium phosphate [containing 90% of beta-tri-calcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and 10% HAp] were tailored through an aqueous solution combustion synthesis. Porous struts were prepared using all the powders along with bioglass, a known bioactive material, and subsequently characterized. Sterilized struts were implanted to the lateral side of radius bone of 24 black Bengal goats of either sex, in which a blank hole was left unfilled in a group of six specimens to act as control. The bone formation response of the three implanting materials in vivo has been studied using scanning electron microscope and histological analysis in contrast with positive controls. Push-out tests were used to assess the mechanical strength at the bone-biomaterial interface. It was observed that interfacial response was strongly dependent on combinations of different physical and chemical parameters. The surface of beta-TCP exhibited similar characteristics of bone and was distinct from those of intervening apatite layer of bioglass. Lower bone ingrowth and reduced strength was observed with HAp compared to beta-TCP/bioglass-based implants. Bone formation response of the Ca-P material varied according to the composition of the implanting material, which could be tailored through this novel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Ghosh
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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36
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Kamitakahara M, Ohtsuki C, Miyazaki T. Review Paper: Behavior of Ceramic Biomaterials Derived from Tricalcium Phosphate in Physiological Condition. J Biomater Appl 2008; 23:197-212. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328208096798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Various calcium phosphates are used for bone repair. Although hydroxyapatite (HA) sintered ceramics are widely used due to their osteoconductivity, its bioresorbability is so low that HA remains in the body for a long time after implantation. In contrast, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics show resorbable characters during bone regeneration, and can be completely substituted for the bone tissue after stimulation of bone formation. Therefore, much attention is paid to TCP ceramics for scaffold materials for supporting bone regeneration. This paper reviews bioresorbable properties of calcium phosphate ceramics derived from β-TCP and α-TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kamitakahara
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University 6-6-20, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan,
| | - Chikara Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Engineeering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Naogya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toshiki Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitasyushu, 808-0196, Japan
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37
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Ni GX, Lu WW, Xu B, Chiu KY, Yang C, Li ZY, Lam WM, Luk KDK. Interfacial behaviour of strontium-containing hydroxyapatite cement with cancellous and cortical bone. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5127-33. [PMID: 16781769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bone-bonding behaviors of various biomaterials have been extensively investigated. However, the precise mechanisms of bone bonding have not yet been clarified, and the differences in interfacial behaviors of biomaterial bonding with cancellous bone and cortical bone have not yet been understood. In this study, strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) cement, in which 10% calcium ions were substituted by strontium, was performed in a rabbit hip replacement model. Six months later, the morphology and chemical composition of interfaces between Sr-HA cement with cancellous bone and cortical bone were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Remarkable differences between these two interfaces were suggested both in morphology and chemical compositions. An apatite layer was found between Sr-HA cement and cancellous bone with a thickness of about 70 microm. However, only a very thin interface (about 1 microm) was formed with cortical bone. As for the cancellous bone/cement interface, high ions intensity of Ca, P, Sr, Na, and O were confirmed by FESEM-EDX and ToF-SIMS. Differences in morphology and chemical component between these two interfaces provided convincing evidences for the proposed dissolution-precipitation coupling mechanism in the formation of biological apatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Lee JH, Lee CK, Chang BS, Ryu HS, Seo JH, Hong KS, Kim H. In vivo study of novel biodegradable and osteoconductive CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glass-ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77:362-9. [PMID: 16425241 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the possibility of novel CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glass-ceramics (CS10B) as a new bone replacement material, we compared the biodegradation and osteoconduction properties of CS10B, hydroxyapatite (HA), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Porous CS10B implants were prepared by the polymer sponge method. L5-6 single-level posterolateral spinal fusions were performed on 30 New Zealand white male rabbits. The animals were divided into three groups by implant material: CS10B, HA, and TCP. Radiographs were performed every 2 weeks. All animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery. The ratio of the area occupied by the ceramics by final and initial radiographs was calculated using radiomorphometric analysis. Uniaxial tensile strength was determined from seven cases in each group. The ratio of the area occupied by HA (88.7%+/-16.1%) was significantly higher than the others (p<0.005), and the ratio of the area occupied by CS10B (28.2%+/-9.3%) was significantly lower than those of HA and TCP (37%+/-9.6%, p<0.05). The mean values of the tensile strengths of the CS10B (182.7+/-19.9 N) and HA (191.4+/-33.5 N) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of TCP (141.1+/-28.2 N). CS10B had a fusion mass tensile strength similar to that of HA. Histological analysis confirmed that CS10B was well incorporated into the fusion mass. These findings suggest that CS10B is a possible bone replacement material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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39
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Kokubo T, Takadama H. How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 2006; 27:2907-15. [PMID: 16448693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3759] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The bone-bonding ability of a material is often evaluated by examining the ability of apatite to form on its surface in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. However, the validity of this method for evaluating bone-bonding ability has not been assessed systematically. Here, the history of SBF, correlation of the ability of apatite to form on various materials in SBF with their in vivo bone bioactivities, and some examples of the development of novel bioactive materials based on apatite formation in SBF are reviewed. It was concluded that examination of apatite formation on a material in SBF is useful for predicting the in vivo bone bioactivity of a material, and the number of animals used in and the duration of animal experiments can be reduced remarkably by using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kokubo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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40
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Kogaya Y, Hasegawa M, Uchida A, Doi Y. Ultrastructural Characterization of Tissue Response to Sintered Carbonate Apatite in Rabbit Bone. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:487-92. [PMID: 17076318 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previous in vivo and in vitro studies revealed excellent tissue biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of porous sintered carbonate apatite (CA). The present study focused on the ultrastructural details of cells involved in the degradation of CA and new bone formation. Electron microscopy indicated that multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were actively involved in CA resorption. MNGCs extended their irregular cytoplasmic protrusions deeply into the interstitial spaces between CA particles. Endophagosomes were formed by encircling partially dissolved or intact CA crystals via the development of pseudopodia-like cytoplasmic protrusions, the configuration of which was somewhat different from that of the typical ruffled border of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Subsequently, most CA particles in MNGCs were irregular in shape, suggesting that acidic degradation of CA occurred mainly intracellularly. Mononuclear cells, such as macrophage-like and/or fibroblast-like cells, also took up and degraded some CA. Growth of very thin needle-like crystals was observed in close association with CA. Osteoblasts directly faced the CA and secreted osteoid matrix. At the CA-bone interface, an electron-dense and homogeneous thin layer free of collagen fibers was sometimes observed, suggesting an involvement in CA-bone bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoku Kogaya
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Structure, Function and Development, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
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41
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Zhao W, Wang J, Zhai W, Wang Z, Chang J. The self-setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of tricalcium silicate. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6113-21. [PMID: 15927252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tricalcium silicate (Ca(3)SiO(5)), as a new promising injectable bioactive material, was employed to investigate its physical and chemical properties for an injectable bioactive cement filler. The workable Ca(3)SiO(5) pastes with a liquid to powder (L/P) ratio of 0.8--.2 mlg(-1)could be injected for 15--60 min (nozzle diameter 2.0mm). The setting process yielded cellular structures with compressive strength of 6.4--20.2 MPa after 2--28 days. The in vitro bioactivity of Ca(3)SiO(5) paste was investigated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various periods. The result showed that the Ca(3)SiO(5) paste could induce hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and dissolve slowly in SBF. The result of indirect cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Ca(3)SiO(5) paste had a stimulatory effect on cell growth in a certain concentration range. The exothermic process showed that Ca(3)SiO(5) had lower heat evolution rate during the hydration as compared to calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Our results indicated that Ca(3)SiO(5) paste was bioactive and dissolvable, and it is a progressive candidate for further investigation as injectable tissue repairing substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhao
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, the People's Republic of China
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42
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Tas AC, Aldinger F. Formation of apatitic calcium phosphates in a Na-K-phosphate solution of pH 7.4. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2005; 16:167-174. [PMID: 15744606 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-5919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Poorly crystalline, apatitic calcium phosphate powders have been synthesized by slowly adding a Na- and K-containing reference phosphate solution with a pH value of 7.4 to an aqueous calcium nitrate solution at 37 degrees C. Nano-particulated apatitic powders obtained were shown to contain small amounts of Na and K, which render them more similar in chemical composition to that of the bone mineral. Precipitated and dried powders were found to exhibit self-hardening cement properties when kneaded in a mortar with a sodium citrate- and sodium phosphate-containing starter solution. The same phosphate solution used in powder synthesis was found to be able to partially convert natural, white and translucent marble pieces of calcite (CaCO3) into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite upon aging the samples in that solution for 3 days at 60 degrees C. Sample characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tas
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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43
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Gou Z, Chang J, Zhai W, Wang J. Study on the self-setting property and thein vitro bioactivity of ?-Ca2SiO4. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 73:244-51. [PMID: 15793821 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the physical and chemical properties of beta-dicalcium silicate (beta-Ca(2)SiO(4)) in order to evaluate its use as an injectable bioactive cement filler. Workable beta-Ca(2)SiO(4) pastes with a liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratio of 1.0-1.2 could be injected for 10-30 min (nozzle diameter 2.0 mm) and enabled initial setting times of 60-180 min. The setting process yielded cellular structures with compressive strengths of 4.8-28.8 MPa after 2-28 days. The paste was soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the results demonstrated that it exhibited a moderate degradation and could induce carbonated hydroxyapatite formation. The ionic products of the paste dissolution enhanced a proliferative response of fibroblasts compared with the cells cultured alone, and this cement could also support adhesion and spreading of the mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, with the use of gentamicin as a model drug, it was found that a high dose of drug release from the paste was maintained for 14 days, and there was a sustained release over 4 weeks. This combination of properties indicates that the novel beta-Ca(2)SiO(4) cement might be suitable for potential applications in the biomedical field, preferentially as materials for bone/dental repair and controlled drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongru Gou
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dingxi Road 1295, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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Fujita R, Yokoyama A, Nodasaka Y, Kohgo T, Kawasaki T. Ultrastructure of ceramic-bone interface using hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramics and replacement mechanism of beta-tricalcium phosphate in bone. Tissue Cell 2004; 35:427-40. [PMID: 14580356 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(03)00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) are useful for grafting and augmentation of bone tissue. Observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was done to investigate the ultrastructures at the interfaces between the biomaterials and the adjacent tissue, and osteogenesis around the biomaterials in the present study. HA and beta-TCP ceramics were used in disk forms which had macropores and micropores, and were implanted between the parietal bone and the cranial periosteum of rats. Specimens were prepared for observation at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The microscopic results indicated that an intervening layer was present on the surface of HA, whereas it was not present on the surface of beta-TCP. A characteristic fibrillar structure was observed in the intervening layer between HA and bone under decalcification by HCl. In beta-TCP, in reticular structures observed close to the bone tissue by optical microscopy, calcification and sparse collagen fibers were interspersed among the granules of beta-TCP. In addition, close to the interface between beta-TCP and bone, many osteocytes with numerous processes were present. Some processes were elongated towards the interface. These results revealed the difference in the ultrastructures of the interfaces between HA and beta-TCP, and the dissolution mechanism of beta-TCP in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Fujita
- Removable Prosthodontics and Stomatognathostatic Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
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45
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Serizawa T, Tateishi T, Akashi M. Cell-compatible properties of calcium carbonates and hydroxyapatite deposited on ultrathin poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated polyethylene films. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2004; 14:653-63. [PMID: 12903734 DOI: 10.1163/156856203322274914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was coated onto polyethylene (PE) films by a repetitive adsorption and drying process, and then the PVA-coated PE films were alternately immersed into aqueous solutions of Ca2+ and CO3(2-) ions (alternate soaking cycles), to deposit calcium carbonate (CaCO3) onto the films. The PVA coating was essential for the CaCO3 deposition. The amount of CaCO3 deposited increased with an increasing number of cycles. Scanning electron microscopic observations and attenuated total reflection spectra revealed the presence of both calcite and aragonite as the crystal structures of CaCO3 on the film. L929 fibroblast cells adhered and proliferated on these CaCO3-deposited PE films, as well as the hydroxyapatite-coated PE films previously prepared. It was found that the PVA coating and the subsequent deposition of calcium salts on certain films facilitated cell compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Nanostructured and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-2140 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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Ryu HS, Lee JK, Seo JH, Kim H, Hong KS, Kim DJ, Lee JH, Lee DH, Chang BS, Lee CK, Chung SS. Novel bioactive and biodegradable glass ceramics with high mechanical strength in the CaO?SiO2?B2O3 system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 68:79-89. [PMID: 14661252 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel bioactive and biodegradable glass ceramics with high mechanical strength in the (50-x/2)CaO. SiO(2)--xB(2)O(3) (4.2 < or = x < or = 17.2) system were investigated. The systems consisted of three phases: monoclinic wollastonite, calcium metaborate, and amorphous borosilicate matrix. The glass ceramics containing 4.2 mol% and 8.4 mol% B(2)O(3) showed high bulk density and a dense microstructure. Mechanical strengths of the glass ceramics were higher than those of other bioactive ceramics: high compressive strength (2813 MPa), bending strength of 212 MPa, and fracture toughness of 3.12 MPa. m(1/2). The glass-ceramic formed apatite layer on their surface in the simulated body fluid and showed significant biodegradation. The degree of apatite formation in the glass ceramics depended on the calcium metaborate content and borosilicate glassy matrix. Additional calcium metaborate and borosilicate glassy matrix increased the apatite formation rate on the surface. It might be likely that calcium metaborate causes supersaturation of Ca ions, for its high solubility in SBF and the water-reactive borosilicate glassy matrix formed Sibond;OH groups on the surface to provide nucleation sites for apatite formation. Also, through in vitro test for the biocompatibility of the CaO--SiO(2)--B(2)O(3) glass ceramics, no cytotoxicity of the glass ceramics were found. The results on bioactivity and noncytotoxicity indicated that glass ceramics in the (50-x/2)CaO. SiO(2)--xB(2)O(3) (4.2 < or = x < or = 17.2) system could be useful as a biodegradable bone replacement material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Ryu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Monchau F, Lefèvre A, Descamps M, Belquin-myrdycz A, Laffargue P, Hildebrand HF. In vitro studies of human and rat osteoclast activity on hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate. BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING 2002; 19:143-52. [PMID: 12202175 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0344(02)00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the ceramic degradation caused by osteoclasts are designed to assess osteoclast-ceramic interactions and to determine which ceramics are more suitable for use as bone substitute. This study investigated the resorptive activity of osteoclasts on ceramics presenting different solubility rates. Osteoclasts isolated from new-born rat and from human giant cell tumour were cultured on different bioceramics: hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium carbonate (calcite). Cytoskeletal was revealed by actin labelling and ceramic surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On all materials, the distribution of actin in typical ring was revealed. SEM examinations showed a clear difference in the shape and the depth of resorption lacunae on different ceramics. On pure HA, a superficial attack, clearly visible but very little extended. Numerous resorption lacunae, deep and well-delimited were observed on pure beta-TCP, but attacks less punctually were detected too. On pure calcite, an attack with form of spikes, very widespread but superficial was revealed. Degradation measurements revealed a significant increase of P release from the phosphocalcic ceramics and of Ca from all ceramics in the presence of osteoclasts. The both cell models found these characteristics, the rat osteoclasts were also an excellent model to study the ceramic resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Monchau
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Biomatériaux, Département de Biophysique, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES EA 1049, 1, Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France.
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48
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Kim YW, Kim JJ, Kim YH, Rho JY. Effects of organic matrix proteins on the interfacial structure at the bone-biocompatible nacre interface in vitro. Biomaterials 2002; 23:2089-96. [PMID: 11996051 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and potential osteoinductivity of nacre have favored its use as a bone-grafting material. The present study is to investigate the interfacial structure at the bone-nacre interface resulting from organic matrix proteins, which emphasizes the mechanism of bone-bonding ability and biocompatibility of the shell tissues such as nacre and biogenic calcite. To understand the interfacial reaction, the zeta potential measurements, provide for a unique method to quantify the actual state of the interface in situ, were used for synthetic and biogenic calcium carbonate suspensions with respect to pH and the organic matrix as an additive. The zeta potentials and surface charge density show that the organic matrix proteins are main charge regulators, resulting in the stabilized tissue properties as compared with synthetic crystals. Also, in forming calcium carbonate crystals with the additives, the conformation of organic matrix has an important role in the understanding of the newly formed interfacial structure. The result provides the primary role of the organic matrix proteins in controlling the formation of interfacial structure and biocompatibility with bone as well as the stability of biogenic tissues. And it gives a new insight into the usefulness of zeta potential measurement to describe the in vivo interaction between the bone and implants.
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Ohgushi H, Caplan AI. Stem cell technology and bioceramics: from cell to gene engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2000; 48:913-27. [PMID: 10556859 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(1999)48:6<913::aid-jbm22>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells reside in bone marrow and, when these cells are incorporated into porous ceramics, the composites exhibit osteo-chondrogenic phenotypic expression in ectopic (subcutaneous and intramuscular) or orthotopic sites. The expressional cascade is dependent upon the material properties of the delivery vehicle. Bioactive ceramics provide a suitable substrate for the attachment of the cells. This is followed by osteogenic differentiation directly on the surface of the ceramic, which results in bone bonding. Nonbioactive materials show neither surface-dependent cell differentiation nor bone bonding. The number of mesenchymal stem cells in fresh adult bone marrow is small, about one per one-hundred-thousand nucleated cells, and decreases with donor age. In vitro cell culture technology can be used to mitotically expand these cells without the loss of their developmental potency regardless of donor age. The implanted composite of porous ceramic and culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells exhibits in vivo osteo-chondrogenic differentiation. In certain culture conditions, these stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which make bone matrix on the ceramic surface. Such in vitro prefabricated bone within the ceramic provides immediate new bone-forming capability after in vivo implantation. Prior to loading of the cultured, marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the porous ceramics, exogenous genes can be introduced into these cells in culture. Combining in vitro manipulated mesenchymal stem cells with porous ceramics can be expected to effect sufficient new bone-forming capability, which can thereby provide tissue engineering approaches to patients with skeletal defects in order to regenerate skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohgushi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Liao H, Mutvei H, Sjöström M, Hammarström L, Li J. Tissue responses to natural aragonite (Margaritifera shell) implants in vivo. Biomaterials 2000; 21:457-68. [PMID: 10674810 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to access tissue reactions to the outer prismatic (prism) and the inner nacreous (nacre) layers of the fresh water Margaritifera shell. The materials, in granule form, were implanted into the back muscles and femurs of rats for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks. In the back muscles, a foreign body reaction was observed around the implants, starting from one week after implantation and reaching maximal proportions at two weeks. After four weeks, a thin layer of fibrous tissue encapsulated the implanted particles. The external surface of the material stained strongly with acid fuchsin, indicating degradation of implant. At femoral sites, newly formed bone was directly applied to the implant surfaces. The outer-most parts of the organic sheets in prisms were not degraded until 16 weeks after implantation and were embedded in the newly formed bone. The interface between bone and the implants showed close fusion by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) demonstrated a phosphorous-rich zone in the interface between bone and the implants, and no electron-dense layer in the interface was found by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We conclude that Margaritifera shells are biocompatible, biodegradable and osteoconductive materials. Bonding between this natural aragonite and bone seems to occur via a phosphorous-rich intermediate layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liao
- Centre for Oral Biology, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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