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Temp RW, Packaeser MG, Machry RV, Dapieve KS, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Characteristic fatigue strength and reliability of dental glass-ceramics: Effect of distinct surface treatments - Hydrofluoric acid etching and silane treatment vs one-step self-etching ceramic primer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106338. [PMID: 38159495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to mechanically characterize through flexural fatigue test two CAD-CAM glass-ceramics according to distinct surface etching protocols. To do so, feldspathic (FELD) and lithium disilicate (LD) glass ceramics were subjected to different surface treatments: (1) control - no treatment (Ctrl); (2) conventional protocol etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid followed by silane coupling agent application (HF + SIL; Monobond N, Ivoclar); or (3) using a self-etching ceramic primer (E&P; Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar). Ceramic discs (N = 120; Ø = 12 mm; thickness = 1.2 mm) were produced from CAD-CAM blocks, with 60 being from FELD (VITABLOCS Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) and 60 from LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). Next, 20 disks of each ceramic were allocated into three groups: Ctrl, HF + SIL, or E&P. Surface roughness data were collected on all samples before and after surface treatments (except for Ctrl). Cyclic fatigue (n = 15) biaxial flexural strength tests were performed by the piston-on-three-balls geometry (ISO 6872) considering the test parameters established from a monotonic test (n = 5). The monotonic test was carried out at a 1 mm/min loading rate and 500 kgf loading cell until fracture to obtain the failure data. The cyclic fatigue test was executed underwater at a frequency up to 20 Hz, with the first stress being 25% of the monotonic test for 5000 cycles, followed by increments of 5% of the monotonic test at each step of 10,000 cycles until failure (fracture). Complementary fractography, topography and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses were performed. Characteristic Fatigue Strength (CFS) and Weibull modulus were analyzed by Weibull analysis using the fatigue test data. Roughness and complementary analysis data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The statistical results exhibited similar CFS among Ctrl, HF + SIL and E&P for both glass-ceramics. The survival analysis corroborates the findings, however the Weibull modulus pointed out superior structural reliability of FELD treated with the E&P group compared to HF + SIL. According to the complementary analyses, HF + SIL exhibited a higher surface area than E&P and Ctrl for FELD (p = 0.001). Roughness showed statistically significant differences among conditions for FELD (E&P < Ctrl = HF + SIL; p < 0.05) and no difference for LD (p > 0.05). Therefore, the CFS were not influenced by any condition evaluated for FELD and LD glass-ceramics; however, superior structural reliability (higher Weibull modulus) for the feldspathic ceramic treated with the E&P was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatta Wrasse Temp
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Dalla-Nora F, Da Rosa LS, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Is dentin analogue material a viable substitute for human dentin in fatigue behavior studies? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106312. [PMID: 38134583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fatigue performance of a lithium disilicate ceramic cemented on different substrates (human dentin and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin - GFRER), treated with different types of conditioning (CTR - without surface conditioning; HF5 - 5% hydrofluoric acid; HF10 - 10% hydrofluoric acid; H3PO4 - phosphoric acid 37%; SAND - sandblasting with aluminum oxide). The occlusal surface of human molars (DENT group) (n = 15) was ground for dentin exposure and the root portion was cut, then the dentin slice (2.0 mm thick) was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid and a dual-curing dental adhesive was applied. The GFRER in a round-rod format was cut into discs (Ø = 10 mm, 2.0 mm thick). Lithium disilicate glass ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were shaped into a cylinder format and cut, resulting in 90 discs (Ø = 10 mm, 1.5 mm thick). The substrate materials of each group were etched according to the groups and the ceramic was etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 s. A silane coupling agent was applied over the cementation surface in ceramic and GFRER surfaces and a dual cement was used for cementation (ceramic/GFRER or dentin). The disc/disc sets were submitted to thermocycling (25,000 cycles + storage for 6 months), and then tested in step-wise accelerated cyclic fatigue test. The failure pattern and topography were analyzed and the roughness and contact angle were measured before and after surface treatment. The DENT group presented the lowest load to failure values and number of cycles to failure in fatigue (637.33 N; 118.333), showing no statistical similarity with any of the other tested groups (p < 0.05). The topographic analysis showed that all proposed surface treatments modified the substrate surface when compared to the CTR group. All of the fractographical inspections demonstrated failure by radial crack. Considering the roughness analysis, the post-etched DENT group showed similar roughness to all groups of GFRER materials with their surface treated, except for SAND, which showed greater roughness and statistically different from the other groups. The DENT group (49.5) showed statistically different post-conditioning contact angle values from the HF10 group (96.5) and similar to the other groups. The glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin was not able to simulate the results presented by the human dentin substrate when cemented to lithium disilicate regarding fatigue failure load and number of cycles for failure, regardless of the surface treatment. Lithium disilicate cemented on dentin analogue overestimates the load values for fatigue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dalla-Nora
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L S Da Rosa
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - G K R Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L F Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - M P Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Lu Y, Bierman TE, Dal Piva AMDO, Tribst JPM, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ. Effect of Surface Treatment and Resin Cement on the Bond Strength of an Advanced Lithium Disilicate. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38198813 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment and resin cement on the bond strength of conventional and advanced lithium disilicates (ALDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ceramic slices (2 × 13 × 15 mm) of conventional lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e.max CAD) and ALD (CEREC Tessera) were sectioned, polished, and divided into 16 groups (n = 10) according to the factors: ceramic, surface treatment, and resin cement (Panavia V5 and Variolink Esthetic DC). Surface treatments consisted of hydrofluoric acid 4.9% etching for 20 seconds (Hf20) or 30 seconds (Hf30), self-etching ceramic primer (Se), and sandblasting (Sb). Then, a resin cement cylinder (Ø = 2.5 mm) was manufactured on each specimen's surface. The specimens were then submitted to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Surface roughness was evaluated through a contact profilometer, and surface morphology was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy for qualitative analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of SBS and surface roughness. For bond strength, the effects of surface treatment, resin cement, and the interaction were analyzed for each ceramic. For roughness, analyzed factors include ceramic and surface treatment. RESULTS ANOVA revealed that ceramic (p = 0.047) and surface treatment (p < 0.001) factors affected the bond strength, while the cements performed similarly. Both materials showed adequate bond strength (ALD 19.1 ± 7.7 MPa; LD 17.1 ± 7.9 MPa). Sb protocol showed the lowest mean value (9.6 ± 2.9 MPa) compared with Hf20 (22.0 ± 7.1 MPa), Hf30 (21.7 ± 7.4 MPa), and Se (19.3 ± 6.0 MPa). CONCLUSION For both ceramics, the highest performance was obtained after applying Se and Hf20 or Hf30. Therefore, longer etching time is unnecessary. Sb protocol must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thera Elisa Bierman
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alves LMM, Campos TMB, Bergamo ETP, Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Gierthmuehlen PC, Sailer I, Thim GP, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Celestrino M, Guimarães CCL, Bonfante EA. Hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time affect differently the microstructure and surface properties of pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:47-55. [PMID: 37772362 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different hydrofluoric acid concentrations and etching times on the surface, chemical composition and microstructure of lithium disilicate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety specimens of pressed lithium disilicate (LDS) were obtained (IPS e.max Press, Rosetta SP and LiSi Press). The specimens of each material were divided in two groups according to the hydrofluoric acid concentration: 5% and 10% (n = 15/group), and subdivided according to the etching time: 20, 40 and 60 s (n = 5/group). Crystalline evaluations and chemical composition were performed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Microstructural analyses were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness (Ra), and material thickness removal evaluation. Thickness removal and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS XRD demonstrated characteristic peaks of lithium disilicate crystals, lithium phosphate and of a vitreous phase for all materials. EDS identified different compositions and SEM confirmed different surface responses to acid etching protocols. Material and etching time influenced Ra and material thickness removal (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time affect the surface characteristics of LDS differently. LiSi Press presented higher resistance to hydrofluoric acid etching compared to e.max Press and Rosetta SP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Applying the appropriate etching protocol is pivotal to avoid excessive material removal and to prevent jeopardize the mechanical and optical properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M M Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago M B Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernesto B Benalcazar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Petra C Gierthmuehlen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilmar P Thim
- Department of Physics, Aeronautics Technological Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico B Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina C L Guimarães
- Department of Physics, Aeronautics Technological Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Porto TS, Medeiros da Silva IG, de Freitas Vallerini B, Fernando de Goes M. Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part 1-Effect on the surface morphology. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:761-769. [PMID: 35094771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials have either a high content of ceramic filler particles or a ceramic network structure. Proper etching of these materials is challenging. Therefore, it is relevant to assess different surface etching strategies and morphological alterations as a result of these techniques. PURPOSE The purpose of this 2-part in vitro study was to evaluate different etching strategies on the surface roughness and its relationship to the surface contact angle with a subsequent morphological characterization of different CAD-CAM materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two CAD-CAM polymer-based materials and 1 CAD-CAM ceramic material were selected for this study. The materials were treated with different strategies, including a combination of airborne-particle abrasion and an application of 9% hydrofluoric acid etching. After the surface treatment, roughness measurements (Sa) were assessed by using an optical profilometer on an area of 1.47 mm2. Subsequently, the contact angle on the surface was examined by means of the sessile drop technique and an optical contact angle meter. The data were analyzed by using a 2-way analysis of variance, the post hoc Tukey test (α=.05), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The 3 materials tested showed an increase in surface roughness when treated with surface airborne-particle abrasion. However, the materials with polymer in their composition concomitantly increased the contact angle. More hydrophilic surfaces were observed when hydrofluoric acid was applied, regardless of the composition of the materials. The surface roughness presented a strong positive linear tendency in the surface treatments used. CONCLUSIONS The application of airborne-particle abrasion on the surface of the polymer-based CAD-CAM materials increased the roughness and contact angle. However, the application of acid etching after the airborne-particle abrasion decreased the contact angle for polymer-based CAD-CAM materials, resulting in considerable enhancement of the surface quality for proper bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Soares Porto
- Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Italo Guimaraes Medeiros da Silva
- Researcher, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bruna de Freitas Vallerini
- PhD Candidate, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Fernando de Goes
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Al-Johani H, Haider J, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. Effect of surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramics. Dent Mater 2023; 39:779-789. [PMID: 37438204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM lithium silicate-based glass ceramics (LSC's) and their combined effect on the output of a light curing unit (LCU). METHODS Four CAD/CAM LSC's were investigated: Lithium Disilicate (Emax CAD; EC), Zirconia-reinforced silicates (Vita Suprinity; VS and Celtra Duo;CD) and Lithium Aluminum Disilicate (CEREC Tessera; CT). Ceramic specimens (n = 240) were divided into six subgroups according to their surface treatment: (a) Control, (b) Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 5%, (c) HF 5% + Neutralizing agent (N), (d) HF 9%, (e) HF 9% +N and (f) Self-etching ceramic primer (SEP). Irradiance, power and radiant exposure of a LCU were measured with MARC-LC following ceramic specimen interposition. Direct light transmission (T%) and absorbance (Abs%) of the specimens were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Roughness (Sa, Sq) and wettability (θ°) were measured with optical profilometry and sessile drop profile analysis, respectively. Biaxial flexural strength (σ) of the ceramic specimens was measured by the ball-on-three-balls method and ceramic specimens were examined microscopically. Statistical analyses was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Acid neutralization decreased T% and increased Abs% in all LSC's and highest T% was exhibited with VS. Neutralized EC, VS and CD displayed higher Sa in HF9, while neutralized CT displayed higher Sa in HF5. Self-etch primer significantly reduced θ° (p < 0.001). σ was observed in the followed ascending order: HF9 +N < HF9 < HF5 +N < HF5 < SEP < Control for all LSC's. SIGNIFICANCE Optical, topographical and mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM ceramic blocks were strongly dependent on the type of surface treatment. Results of neutralization post-etching indicate promising potential for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Johani
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Zahran M, Abo El-Farag S, Soltan H, Attia A. Fracture load of ultrathin occlusal veneers: Effect of thickness and surface conditioning. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:106030. [PMID: 37473575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in-vitro study is planned to analyze the effect of different thicknesses of ceramic occlusal veneers and different surface treatments on fracture resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 sound mandibular molars are anatomically prepared from the occlusal surface with two different thicknesses (1.0 and 0.5 mm). CAD/CAM zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic blocks (Vita Suprinity) are used for fabricating occlusal veneers. The teeth are randomly divided into two primary groups A and B (n=24) according to occlusal veneer thickness. Each group is subdivided according to surface conditioning into three equal subgroups (n=8)-subgroup HF: etching with hydrofluoric acid and ceramic primer application; subgroup APF: etching with acidulated phosphate fluoride and ceramic primer application; subgroup EP: conditioning with etch and prime only. Dual-cure adhesive resin cement (Multilink Automix) is utilized to adhesively bond the veneers. All specimens are subjected to 240,000 cycles of dynamic load aging prior to the fracture resistance test. The fracture resistance is measured in Newton (N). The Failure mode patterns are analyzed and categorized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results are analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's Post-Hoc test, followed by a one-way ANOVA for each factor. That is in addition to one-way ANOVA for surface treatment under each thickness, each followed by Bonferroni's Post-Hoc test. Then, a T-test is used to compare the two thicknesses under each surface treatment. All tests are set at 0.05 significance level. RESULTS The two-way ANOVA test revealed that restoration thickness and surface treatment both significantly affect the fracture resistance values (p<0.05). The highest fracture resistance mean (2672±216N) is obtained from HF at 1.0 mm thickness, while the lowest mean (2104±299N) is obtained from APF at 0.5 mm thickness. CONCLUSION All test groups, regardless of thickness, demonstrated fracture resistance values that exceeded both normal and parafunctional bite forces. The veneers that bonded after hydrofluoric acid etching followed by ceramic primer application showed more favourable fracture patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Zahran
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Abo El-Farag
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Soltan
- Production and Mechanical Design Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Attia
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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A brief review on fatigue test of ceramic and some related matters in Dentistry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105607. [PMID: 36549251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of dental ceramics have been extensively studied over the years to provide highly qualified materials for use in prosthetic restorations. The ability to adhere to dental substrates, outstanding aesthetics (translucency, color, and substrate masking ability) and improved mechanical properties provide these materials with optical features and high strength to withstand masticatory stimuli. Different classifications are adopted, and it is generally considered that glass-ceramics have better optical characteristics due to the high glass content, and polycrystalline ceramics have superior strength favored by their densified and organized crystals, hampering crack growth. This knowledge was largely built-up during years of scientific research through different testing methodologies, but mainly employing static loads. It is important to not only take into account the intensity of loads that these materials will be exposed to, but also the effect of the intermittence of cyclic load application leading to mechanical fatigue and the influence of factors related to the crack origin and their propagation under this condition. Furthermore, the bonding surface of ceramic restorations requires surface treatments that improve the bond strength to luting agents; however, these treatments require caution because of their potential to produce defects and affect the structural behavior. Moreover, ceramic restorations often require internal adjustments for proper seating or external adjustments for fitting the occlusal contact with the antagonist. In this sense, finishing/polishing protocols may alter the defect population, as luting agents may also interact by filling in the superficial defects on the restoration intaglio surface. Thus, the balance among all these factors will define the performance of a restorative setup, as well as the posterior exposure to the humid environment and the masticatory stimuli (cyclical loading), which may favor developing slow and subcritical growth of cracks in ceramic materials and the degradation of the bond interface. Therefore, it is essential that the concepts which explain the fatigue mechanism are understood, as well as the crack propagation and failure patterns of restorative ceramic materials.
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Garfias CS, de Goes MF. Acid dissolution of ultrathin glass-ceramic and its correlation with flexural strength. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:1084.e1-1084.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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da Silva SEG, de Araújo GM, Souza KB, Moura DMD, Aurélio IL, May LG, Vila-Nova TEL, Zhang Y, de Assunção E Souza RO. Biaxial flexure strength and physicochemical characterization of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic: effect of etching time, silane, and adhesive applications. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6753-6763. [PMID: 35980474 PMCID: PMC9902029 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different acid etching time and bonding agent (silane and/or adhesive system) on biaxial flexural strength and physico-chemical properties of a lithium disilicate ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty ceramic discs were made and divided into 8 groups (n = 15) according to factors "etching time" (20 and 120 s) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and "bonding agent" (C, no bonding agent; S, silane, A, adhesive; and SA, silane + adhesive). After surface treatment, a resin cement layer was applied to the surface and all specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test with treated surfaces loaded in tension (1 mm/min). The Weibull analyses and complementary analyses were also performed. Statistical analysis was done with 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS ANOVA revealed that the factors "etching time" (p = 0.0003) and "bonding agent" (p = 0.007) were statistically significant. In the overall analysis, the HF120S group (272.02 ± 35.30A MPa) presented significantly higher BFS than that of HF120C (218.45 ± 17.15CD MPa) and HF20S (228.40 ± 37.83BCDMPa). On the other hand, the HF20A group (208.92 ± 31.16D MPa) had significantly lower BFS than HF120S (272.02 ± 35.30A), HF120A (254.42 ± 26.87ABC) and HF120SA (259.30 ± 36.55AB) groups (Tukey). The Weibull modulus (m) of all groups was significantly different from each other (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of etching time, the application of silane alone is sufficient to increase the flexural strength of glass ceramic, eliminating the need for the application of adhesive systems. Moreover, if only silane or adhesive is applied, 120-s HF application should increase the flexural resistance of the lithium disilicate ceramic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Applications of adhesive systems after silanization can be suppressed from the surface treatment protocol of glass ceramics, since it does not improve their mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Emille Gomes da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Monteiro de Araújo
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN. CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Karina Barbosa Souza
- Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Francisco Jose Longo, Av. Eng, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 777, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Monielle Duarte Moura
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UERN), Rua Almino Afonso, 478 - Centro - Mossoró/RN CEP: 59.610-210, Rio, Brazil
| | - Iana Lamadrid Aurélio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liliana Gressler May
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil.
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Alsaud BA, Hajjaj MS, Masoud AI, Abou Neel EA, Abuelenain DA, Linjawi AI. Bonding of Clear Aligner Composite Attachments to Ceramic Materials: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124145. [PMID: 35744204 PMCID: PMC9229529 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aim to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning, bonding agents and composite types on surface roughness (SR) and shear bond strength (SBS) of clear aligner composite attachments bonded to ceramics. Methods: One hundred and eighty IPS e.max CAD specimens were prepared. For SR, 60 specimens were divided according to surface conditioning (n = 15) into four groups: control, 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HFA), 37% phosphoric acid (PhA), air abrasion (AA). SR was measured using a Profilometer and Atomic Force Microscopy. For SBS, 120 specimens were divided according to conditioning methods (n = 40) (9.6% HFA and 37% PhA or AA), then according to bonding agents (n = 20) (Assure universal bond (AUB) or Single bond universal (SBU)) and then according to composite type (n = 10): Filtek™ Z350 and Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite. SBS was measured using Instron testing machine. Descriptive and group comparison were calculated (p < 0.05). Results: AA had the highest SR, while the control had the lowest SR (p < 0.05). HFA had the highest, but insignificant SBS, followed by AA (p > 0.05). AUB had higher SBS than SBU (p < 0.001). Filtek™ Z350 produced higher SBS than Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The combination of AA, AUB, and Filtek Z350 produced the highest SBS, followed by HFA, AUB, and Filtek Z350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair A. Alsaud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Maher S. Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.H.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad I. Masoud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Dalia A. Abuelenain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.H.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Amal I. Linjawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-155573
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Dapieve KS, Pilecco RO, Pivetta JP, Machry RV, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Is the application of a silane-based coupling agent necessary to stabilize the fatigue performance of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104989. [PMID: 34864398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of ceramic surface conditioning and storage regimen (baseline vs. aging) on the fatigue performance of simplified lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations. A total of 90 ceramic discs (Ø= 10 mm; thickness= 1.0 mm) were allocated into 6 groups (n= 15), considering 2 factors: "ceramic surface treatment" - CA (only silane-based coupling agent, Monobond N), HF (5% hydrofluoric acid etching), or HF+CA (5% HF acid etching plus silane-based coupling agent); and "storage regimen" - baseline (24 hours - 5 days of distilled water at 37 °C), or long-term aging (180 days of distilled water at 37 °C + 25,000 thermal cycles). After intaglio ceramic conditioning, adhesive bonding (Multilink N) was performed onto epoxy resin discs (Ø= 10 mm; thickness= 2.5 mm) and the bonded sets were subjected to step-stress fatigue tests (initial load: 200 N; step-size: 50 N; 10,000 cycles per step; 20 Hz). Fatigue data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Weibull statistical analyses. Fractography and topography analyses were also conducted. The fatigue findings demonstrated that the performance among groups for both baseline and aging conditions maintained a tendency: the CA groups had the worst behavior (baseline: 893 N/143,667 cycles; aging: 639 N/84,179 cycles), while the surface etching with HF (baseline: 1247 N/214,333 cycles; aging: 816.67 N/128,333 cycles) and HF+CA groups (baseline: 1290 N/222,333 cycles; aging: 900 N/145,000 cycles) had no statistically significant difference between them. The aging protocol reduced the performance of all groups. The groups with better fatigue performance (HF and HF+CA) did not have statistical differences regarding structural reliability (Weibull modulus). Most failures were radial cracks from the cementation interface, except for CA aging specimens, with 27% failing from debonding. The HF etching led to noteworthy surface topographical alterations. Micromechanical interlocking resulting from HF acid etching remained prevalent in the fatigue behavior. Thus, the silane-based coupling agent (Monobond N) does not need to be applied after HF etching in terms of fatigue behavior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Pavanelo Pivetta
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Arie Werner
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Effect of Different Surface Treatments of Lithium Disilicate on the Adhesive Properties of Resin Cements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123302. [PMID: 34203752 PMCID: PMC8232589 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of hydrofluoric (HF) acid concentration and conditioning time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual cure resin cement to pressed lithium disilicate ceramic compared to treatment with an Etch and Prime self-etching glass-ceramic primer (EP). A total of 100 samples of pressed lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to surface treatment: two different concentrations of HF (5% or 9%), for different durations (20 or 90 s), or treatment with EP. Adhesion of light-cured resin cement to the treated surface was tested by the SBS test. The substrate surfaces of the specimen after failures were examined by SEM. Data were analyzed using Weibull distribution. The highest cumulative failure probability of 63.2% of the shear bond strength (η parameter) values was in the 9% HF −90 s group (17.71 MPa), while the lowest values were observed in the 5% HF −20 s group (7.94 MPa). SBS values were not affected significantly by the conditioning time (20 s or 90 s). However, compared to treatment with 5% HF, surface treatment with 9% HF showed a significantly higher η (MPa) as well as β (reliability parameter). Moreover, while compared to 9% HF for 20 s, EP treatment did not differ significantly in SBS values. Examination of the failure mode revealed a mixed mode of failure in all the groups. Within the limits of this study, it is possible to assume that IPS e.max Press surface treatment with 9% HF acid for only 20 s will provide a better bonding strength with resin cement than using 5% HF acid.
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14
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Kim JE, Kwon YC, Kim S, Park YB, Shim JS, Moon HS. Effect of Acid Mixtures on Surface Properties and Biaxial Flexural Strength of As-Sintered and Air-Abraded Zirconia. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092359. [PMID: 34062894 PMCID: PMC8125152 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of application time of an acid mixture solution on the surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of 3Y-TZP after sintering or air abrasion. For the biaxial flexural strength measurement, 220 3Y-TZP disk-shaped specimens were prepared after as-sintering or air abrasion. The etching solution comprised a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, methyl alcohol, and purified water. The samples were divided into 11 subgroups according to the etching times (Control, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30 min). The results showed that acid treatment on both as-sintered and air-abraded 3Y-TZP surfaces increased the surface roughness. However, it had no significant effects on the monoclinic phase or flexural strength of as-sintered zirconia. The monoclinic phase and flexural strength of air-abraded zirconia increased sharply after air abrasion; however, they gradually decreased after acid treatment, to a similar level to the case of the untreated surface. Surface treatment with acid mixture increased the roughness, but the lack of increase of monoclinic phase is thought to be because the loose monoclinic particles remaining on the surface were removed through the etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeodaemunGu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-B.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Yong-Chan Kwon
- CLF Dental Laboratory, 227 Moraenae-ro, Seodaemun Gu, Seoul 03695, Korea;
| | - Sunjai Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeodaemunGu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-B.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Young-Bum Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeodaemunGu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-B.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - June-Sung Shim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeodaemunGu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-B.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Hong-Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeodaemunGu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-B.P.); (J.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3155
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15
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Yu J, Zhang Z, Yang H, Wang Y, Muhetaer A, Lei J, Huang C. Effect of universal adhesive and silane pretreatment on bond durability of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12772. [PMID: 33829577 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of universal adhesive and silane pretreatment on the bond durability of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics. Eighty lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20) defined by the pretreatment and adhesive used: (i) Adper Single Bond 2; (ii) silane + Adper Single Bond 2; (iii) Single Bond Universal; and (iv) silane +Single Bond Universal. Maxillary central incisor metal brackets were bonded on the ceramic surfaces with resin composite. A shear bond strength test was conducted after 24 h of water storage and after 10,000 thermocycles. Adhesive remnant index scoring and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were performed to determine adhesives remaining on the ceramic surfaces and the ceramic ultrastructure following bracket debonding, respectively. After 10,000 thermocycles, specimens treated with Single Bond Universal preserved an appropriate bond strength between brackets and glass ceramics and showed minimum ceramic surface damage following bracket debonding, which was not the case in the other three groups. The application of a silane-containing universal adhesive without silane pretreatment achieves adequate durability of the bond of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics and allows safe debonding, which may aid in optimizing the effectiveness for orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongni Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yake Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihemaiti Muhetaer
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmei Lei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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May MM, Fraga S, May LG. Effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching on the strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1190-1200. [PMID: 33865557 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Whether procedures performed before the cementation of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramic restorations, including milling, fitting adjustment, and hydrofluoric acid etching introduce defects on the ceramic surface that affect the mechanical and surface properties is unclear. PURPOSE A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) on the flexural strength and roughness (Ra) of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature searches were performed up to June 2020 in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, with no publication year or language limits. The focused question was "Do milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching affect the flexural strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics?" For the meta-analysis, flexural strength and Ra data on milling, fitting adjustment, and HF etching versus control (polishing) were analyzed globally. A subgroup analysis assessed the effect of etching parameters (HF concentration and time) on the flexural strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics with different microstructures. Comparisons were performed with random-effect models at 5% significance. RESULTS Fourteen studies from 2764 potentially relevant records were included in the qualitative syntheses, and 12 in the meta-analysis. Milling and fitting adjustments increased roughness and reduced the flexural strength of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics. The effect of HF etching was dependent on the glass-ceramic microstructure, HF concentration, and etching time. For feldspathic- and leucite-reinforced ceramics, HF 5% applied for between 30 and 120 seconds increased roughness without affecting flexural strength. For lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, HF concentrations greater than 4.9% used for 20 seconds or more reduced the strength without affecting the surface roughness. CONCLUSIONS The flexural strength of CAD-CAM glass-ceramic is reduced by grinding procedures such as milling and fitting adjustment. Ceramic microstructure, HF concentration, and etching time determined the effect of hydrofluoric acid etching on the flexural strength and surface roughness of glass-ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mirian May
- Postgraduate student, Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Prosthodontics Units, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Gressler May
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Keshmiri N, Alaghehmand H, Mokhtarpour F. Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatments on Surface Roughness and Three-Point Flexural Strength of Suprinity Ceramic. Front Dent 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 33615299 PMCID: PMC7883654 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i22.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and etching time on the surface roughness (SR) and three-point flexural strength of Suprinity and to analyze the surface elements before and after etching. Materials and Methods To measure the SR, 70 specimens of Suprinity (2×4×5mm3) were assigned to seven groups (n=10). Six groups were etched for 20, 60, and 120 seconds with 5% and 10% HF and 7th group was the control group. Specimens were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). One specimen from each group was used to analyze the surface elements using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For measuring the three-point flexural strength, 60 specimens were divided into six groups (n=10) and etched as previously described. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results The 10% concentration of HF caused higher SR compared to the 5% HF. The effect of HF concentration on the flexural strength was significantly different in the 20- and 60-second etching groups. Different etching times had no significantly different effect on the SR. With 5% HF, the flexural strength was significantly higher for 20-second etching time than for the etching times of 60 and 120 seconds. With 10% HF, there was a significant difference in flexural strength between etching times of 20 and 120 seconds. The atomic percentage (at%) of silica was enhanced by increasing the etching time. Conclusion The best surface etching protocol comprises 10% HF used for 20 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Keshmiri
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faraneh Mokhtarpour
- Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Souza KB, Moura DMD, Silva SEGD, Araújo GMD, Pinto RDAS, Leite FPP, Özcan M, Souza RODAE. Effect of different surface treatments and multimode adhesive application on the Weibull characteristics, wettability, surface topography and adhesion to CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200122. [PMID: 33263669 PMCID: PMC7695128 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on surface topography, wettability, and shear bond strength of resin cement to glass ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Departamento de Odontologia, Natal / RN, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
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Niizuma Y, Kobayashi M, Toyama T, Manabe A. Effect of etching with low concentration hydrofluoric acid on the bond strength of CAD/CAM resin block. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:1000-1008. [PMID: 32684610 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of etching for 90 s with low concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0%) of hydrofluoric acid (HF) on the adhesiveness of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin blocks [CERASMART (CS), SHOFU BLOCK HC (HC), KATANA AVENCIA Block(KA), and VITA ENAMIC (EN)] was investigated. Energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the silicon content of HC, KA, and EN groups remained almost constant with HF etching of ≤4%. HF etching increased the surface roughness of all blocks. The HF concentration resulting in the highest shear bond strength in each group was as follows: CS (2.0%), HC (3.0%), KA (3.5%) and EN (0.5%). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bonding interface of etched surfaces differed significantly from that of airborne-particle abrasion surfaces. Thus, low concentration HF etching is effective for surface treatment of CAD/CAM resin blocks. The etching effect and optimum HF concentration differ with the block composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Niizuma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry
| | - Mikihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry
| | - Toshinari Toyama
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry
| | - Atsufumi Manabe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry
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Donmez MB, Okutan Y, Yucel MT. Effect of prolonged application of single-step self-etching primer and hydrofluoric acid on the surface roughness and shear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:542-549. [PMID: 33247878 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to assess the influence of different concentrations and durations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP) etching on the surface roughness (Ra ) of different CAD/CAM materials and on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-adhesive resin bonded to the materials. Seventy specimens of hybrid ceramic, leucite-based glass-ceramic, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic were prepared and divided into seven groups according to the surface treatments: Control (C); MEP etching for 60 (MEP60 ) and 120 (MEP120 ) s; 5% HF etching for 60 (HF-5%60 ) and 120 (HF-5%120 ) s; 9.5% HF etching for 60 (HF-9.5%60 ) and 120 (HF-9.5%120 ) s. The Ra was measured using a 3D profilometer. All groups were treated with a universal primer except for the C, MEP60 , and MEP120 groups. A self-adhesive resin cement was bonded to all specimens, and the bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. All surface treatments increased both Ra and SBS values compared to the control in each material. Neither the duration of surface treatments nor the HF acid concentrations had a statistically significant effect on SBS. Within the limitations of this experimental study, it can be concluded that Monobond Etch & Prime may be a preferable method to achieve high bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa B Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yener Okutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Munir T Yucel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Diniz V, Condé Oliveira Prado PH, Meireles Rodrigues JV, Monteiro JB, Zucuni C, Valandro LF, Melo RM. Ceramic firing protocols and thermocycling: effects on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of a bonded zirconia lithium silicate glass-ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Veríssimo AH, Moura DMD, Tribst JPM, Araújo AMMD, Leite FPP, Souza RODAE. Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on resin-bond strength to different glass ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e041. [PMID: 31508723 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrofluoridric acid (HF) concentration and time of acid conditioning on bond strength of three glass ceramics to a resin cement. Thus, fifty blocks (10 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm) of each ceramic (LDCAD: IPS e.max CAD; LCAD: IPS Empress CAD and LDHP: IPS e.max Press) were made and embedded in acrylic resin. The surfaces were polished with sandpaper (#600, 800, 1000, and 1200 grits) and blocks were randomly divided into 15 groups (n = 10) according to the following factors: Concentration of HF (10% and 5%), conditioning time (20 s and 60 s) and ceramic (LDCAD, LDHP, and L). After conditioning, silane (Prosil / FGM) was applied and after 2 min, cylinders (Ø = 2 mm; h = 2 mm) of dual resin cement (AllCem / FGM) were made in the center of each block using a Teflon strip as matrix and light cured for 40 s (1,200 mW/cm2). Then, the samples were thermocycled (10,000 cycles, 5/55°C, 30s) and submitted to the shear bond test (50 KgF, 0.5 mm/min). The data (MPa) were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Failure analysis was performed using a stereomicroscope (20x) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ANOVA revealed that the "concentration" factor (p = 0.01) and the interaction "acid concentration X ceramic" (p = 0.009) had a significant effect, however, the "ceramic" (p = 0.897) and "conditioning time" (p = 0.260) factors did not influence the results. The LDHP10%60s (10.98 MPa)aA* group presented significantly higher bond strength than LDHP10%20s (6.57 MPa)bA, LCAD5%20s (6,90 ±3,5)aB and LDHP5%60s (5.66 ± 2,9MPa)aA* groups (Tukey). Failure analysis revealed that 100% of specimens had mixed failure. In conclusion, etching with 5% HF for 20 seconds is recommended for lithium disilicate and leucite-reinforced CAD/CAM ceramics. However, for pressed lithium disilicate ceramic, 10% HF for 60 s showed significantly higher bond strength to resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aretha Heitor Veríssimo
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Prochnow C, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB, Scherer MM, Rippe MP, Bottino MC, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF. How does hydrofluoric acid etching affect the cyclic load-to-failure of lithium disilicate restorations? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:306-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Internal adjustments decrease the fatigue failure load of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e225-e235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hydrofluoric acid concentrations: Effect on the cyclic load-to-failure of machined lithium disilicate restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e255-e263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Scherer MM, Prochnow C, Venturini AB, Pereira GKR, Burgo TADL, Rippe MP, Valandro LF. Fatigue failure load of an adhesively-cemented lithium disilicate glass-ceramic: Conventional ceramic etching vs etch & prime one-step primer. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1134-1143. [PMID: 29789162 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different glass-ceramic surface treatments and aging on the fatigue failure load of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic adhesively cemented to a dentin analogue material. METHODS One hundred and twenty (120) disc-shaped lithium disilicate specimens (Ø=10mm, thickness=1.5mm) were produced and randomly allocated (n=20) into 6 groups, considering 2 study factors: "surface treatment" in 3 levels (SIL-silane application only; HF5+SIL-5% hydrofluoric acid etching and silane application; ME&P-etching with an one-step ceramic primer), and "storage" in 2 levels (baseline-storage for 7 days; aging-storage for 90 days+12,000 thermal cycles). Ceramic discs were adhesively cemented to discs of a dentin analogue material (Ø=10mm, thickness=2.0mm) following the manufacturers' instructions. The fatigue failure load was determined by the staircase approach (250,000 cycles; 20Hz; initial load=1050N [∼70% of mean load-to-failure]; step size=52.5N [5% of initial load]). Micro-morphologic, fractographic, and atomic force microscope analysis were also performed. Fatigue failure load data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni and t-tests for independent samples. RESULTS HF5+SIL presented higher fatigue failure load in both conditions (baseline and aging); ME&P presented intermediary mean values, while the SIL group presented the worst performance. All groups had a statistically significant decrease in the fatigue performance after aging. SIGNIFICANCE Hydrofluoric acid followed by silane application showed the best fatigue performance for an adhesively-cemented lithium disilicate ceramic. Aging negatively influenced the fatigue performance for all tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitê Munhoz Scherer
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty-IMED, Senador Pinheiro Street, 304, Vila Rodrigues, 99070220, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue, 1000, Camobi, 97105900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Cengiz E, Ongun S, Karakaya I. The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Mechanical and Optical Behaviors of CAD/CAM Restorative Materials. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e496-e503. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Kurtulmus-Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Lefkosa Mersin10 Turkey
| | - Esra Cengiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Mersin University; Mersin Turkey
| | - Salim Ongun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Lefkosa Mersin10 Turkey
| | - Izgen Karakaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Lefkosa Mersin10 Turkey
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Monteiro JB, Oliani MG, Guilardi LF, Prochnow C, Rocha Pereira GK, Bottino MA, de Melo RM, Valandro LF. Fatigue failure load of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic cemented to a dentin analogue: Effect of etching time and hydrofluoric acid concentration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:375-382. [PMID: 28988143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of etching time and hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration on the fatigue failure load and surface characteristics of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass (ZLS) ceramic cemented to a dentin-like, fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Ceramic (Suprinity, VITA) (1.0mm thick) and epoxy resin (2.5mm thick) discs (10mm diameter) were produced. The bonding surface of the ceramic samples was nonetched (control group), or etched for 30, 60 or 90s by 5% or 10% HF. The epoxy resin discs were etched by 10% HF for 30s followed by the application of an adhesive material (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Pairs of ceramic/epoxy resin discs were cemented with a dual cure resin cement. The fatigue failure load was determined by the staircase method (500,000 cycles at 20Hz; initial load = 925N; step size = 45N). In 10% HF the etching time was shown to influence the fatigue failure load, which increased as the etching time increased (30s < 60s < 90s), and in 5% HF the fatigue failure load was not shown to be affected by the etching time; the lowest fatigue failure loads were produced in the control group without ceramic etching followed by 10% HF acid etching for 30s. Topography analysis showed variations based on the etching protocols. All fractures (radial cracks) were shown to originate from defects at the ceramic surface on the cementing interface. For fatigue loading improvements of ZLS ceramic, 10% HF acid etching for 90s and silanization of the ceramic surface is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiane Bandoli Monteiro
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gallo Oliani
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Guilardi
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wandscher VF, Prochnow C, Rippe MP, Dorneles LS, Callegari GL, Baldissara P, Scotti R, Valandro LF. Retentive Strength of Y-TZP Crowns: Comparison of Different Silica Coating Methods on the Intaglio Surfaces. Oper Dent 2017; 42:E121-E133. [DOI: 10.2341/16-090-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of different methods of silica deposition on the intaglio surface of yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) crowns on the retentive strength of the crowns.
Methods:
One hundred simplified full-crown preparations produced from fiber-reinforced polymer material were scanned, and 100 Y-TZP crowns with occlusal retentions were milled. Crown/preparation assemblies were randomly allocated into five groups (n=20) according to the treatment of the intaglio surfaces: TBS = tribochemical silica coating via air-abrasion with 30-μm silica-coated alumina particles; GHF1 = application of thin glaze layer + hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching for 1 minute; GHF5 = glaze application + HF for 5 minutes; GHF15 = glaze application + HF for 15 minutes; NANO = silica nanofilm deposition (5 nm) via magnetron sputtering. All groups received a silane application. The surfaces of the preparations (polymer) were conditioned with 10% HF for 30 seconds and silanized. The crowns were cemented with resin cement, thermocycled (12,000 cycles; 5°C/55°C), stored for 60 days, and subjected to a retentive strength test (0.5 mm/min until failure). The retention data (MPa) were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey tests, and Weibull analysis. Failures were classified as 50C (above 50% of cement in the crown) and 50S (above 50% of cement on the substrate).
Results:
The TBS (5.6±1.7 MPa) and NANO groups (5.5±1 MPa) had higher retentive strength than the other groups (p<0.0001) and had the highest values of characteristic strength. There was no difference in Weibull modulus, except for the GHF1 group (lower values). The TBS and GHF15 groups, respectively, had 60% and 70% of their failures classified as 50C, while most of the other groups had 50S failures.
Conclusion:
Tribochemical silica coating and silica nanofilm deposition on the inner surface of zirconia crowns promoted a higher retentive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- VF Wandscher
- Vinicius F. Wandscher, DDS, MSD, PhD, adjucnt professor, Faculty of Odontology (Prosthetic Dentistry Unit), Franciscan University Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - C Prochnow
- Catina Prochnow, DDS, MSD, PhD student, Post-graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthetic Dentistry Unit), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - MP Rippe
- Marilia Pivetta Rippe, DDS, MSD, PhD, adjunct professor, Restorative Dentistry (Prosthetic Dentistry Unit), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - LS Dorneles
- Lucio S. Dorneles, PhD, associate professor, Physics Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - GL Callegari
- Gustavo L. Callegari, PhD, Physics Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - P Baldissara
- Paolo Baldissara, DDS, assistant professor and researcher, Biomedical Sciences and Neuromotor (Prosthetic Dentistry Unit), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Scotti
- Roberto Scotti, professor, Biomedical Sciences and Neuromotor (Prosthodontics), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - LF Valandro
- Luiz Felipe Valandro, DDS, MSD, PhD, associate professor, Restorative Dentistry (Prosthetic Dentistry Unit), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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