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Macías I, Alcorta-Sevillano N, Rodríguez CI, Infante A. Osteoporosis and the Potential of Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051653. [PMID: 32121265 PMCID: PMC7084428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common chronic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility. Nowadays more than 200 million individuals are suffering from osteoporosis and still the number of affected people is dramatically increasing due to an aging population and longer life, representing a major public health problem. Current osteoporosis treatments are mainly designed to decrease bone resorption, presenting serious adverse effects that limit their safety for long-term use. Numerous studies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have helped to increase the knowledge regarding the mechanisms that underlie the progression of osteoporosis. Emerging clinical and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation exerts a significant influence on bone turnover, thereby on osteoporosis. In this regard, MSCs have proven to possess broad immunoregulatory capabilities, modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Here, we will discuss the role that MSCs play in the etiopathology of osteoporosis and their potential use for the treatment of this disease.
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Suppressive Effect of the n-Hexane Extract of Litsea japonica Fruit Flesh on Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1791403. [PMID: 28904551 PMCID: PMC5585680 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1791403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We examined the antiosteoarthritic effect of the n-hexane extract of Litsea japonica fruit flesh (LJF-HE) in a rat model of monosodium-iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced osteoarthritis. LJF-HE significantly reduced the difference in weight-bearing capabilities of the hind paws between healthy and MIA-treated rats. Histological examination of the knee joints indicated that LJF-HE suppressed cartilage and bone destruction. Additionally, there were decreases in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the joints. The serum levels of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and osteocalcin, which are markers of bone metabolism, also decreased. Furthermore, LJF-HE significantly suppressed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovium and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1, and IL-6 in the joints and serum. The serum levels of leukotriene B4 and lipoxygenase were also significantly lowered by LJF-HE. Finally, LJF-HE inhibited the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, IL-6, and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, which might be associated with inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Our data suggest that LJF-HE has an anti-inflammatory effect and may have potential as an antiosteoarthritic agent.
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Kuo TR, Chen CH. Bone biomarker for the clinical assessment of osteoporosis: recent developments and future perspectives. Biomark Res 2017; 5:18. [PMID: 28529755 PMCID: PMC5436437 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone biomarkers included formation, resorption and regulator are released during the bone remodeling processes. These bone biomarkers have attracted much attention in the clinical assessment of osteoporosis treatment in the past decade. Combination with the measurement of bone mineral density, the clinical applications of bone biomarkers have provided comprehensive information for diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, the analytical approaches of the bone biomarkers are still the challenge for further clinical trials. In this mini-review, we have introduced the functions of bone biomarkers and then recently developed techniques for bone biomarker measurements have been systematically integrated to discuss the possibility for osteoporosis assessment in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Rong Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
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Fujiyoshi A, Polgreen LE, Gross MD, Reis JP, Sidney S, Jacobs DR. Smoking habits and parathyroid hormone concentrations in young adults: The CARDIA study. Bone Rep 2016; 5:104-109. [PMID: 27795978 PMCID: PMC4926833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported concerning a relationship between smoking and serum PTH. Our study objective was to examine whether smoking was associated with serum PTH independent of correlates of PTH among young adults, and explore potential mechanisms. This was a cross-sectional study of healthy individuals, 24-36 years old, examined during 1992 through 1993 in California, USA (a subset of Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study). Linear regression was used to obtain adjusted means of PTH according to smoking habit (current, former, never). Biomarkers for calcium metabolism and bone turnover (including serum concentrations of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium) and bone mineral density were similarly compared by smoking. 376 participants were analyzed (171 women, 181 black). Over half reported never smoking. We observed lower PTH in current smokers compared to non-smokers and found no evidence of an interaction by race and sex. PTH was lowest in current smokers, intermediate in former smokers, and highest in never smokers (geometric mean PTH: 23.6, 26.7, 27.4 pg/mL, respectively: P for trend, 0.006) after adjusting for potential confounders including calcium intake. Among the biomarkers, serum osteocalcin concentration and 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium were lowest in current smokers. We observed no smoking-related difference in bone mineral density. In this community-based sample of young adult men and women, smoking was associated with significantly lower PTH concentration. The mechanism and clinical implication of the finding, however, remains uncertain.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
- 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- BAP, Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMD, Bone mineral density
- BMI, Body mass index
- CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
- PTH, Parathyroid hormone
- Parathyroid hormone
- Smoking
- U-PYDcr, 24-hour urinary excretion of pyridinoline standardized for urinary excretion of creatinine
- Young adults
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fujiyoshi
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Myron D. Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jared P. Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Fujiyoshi A, Polgreen LE, Hurley DL, Gross MD, Sidney S, Jacobs DR. A cross-sectional association between bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone and other biomarkers in community-dwelling young adults: the CARDIA study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:4038-46. [PMID: 23966240 PMCID: PMC3790619 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Most association studies of bone-related biomarkers (BBMs) with bone mineral density (BMD) have been conducted in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE We tested whether the following BBMs were cross-sectionally associated with BMD among young adults: serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), PTH, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and urinary pyridinoline/urinary creatinine. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 319 individuals (134 women, 149 black, 24-36 years) recruited during 1992 through 1993 in Oakland, California. BMD was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models estimated the association between BMD and each BBM. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D was inversely associated with all BMDs. 25OHD was positively, and PTH inversely, associated with lumbar spine, total hip, and whole-body BMD. BAP was inversely associated with left arm, right arm, and whole-body BMD but not with spine or hip BMD. Neither osteocalcin nor urinary pyridinoline/urinary creatinine was associated with BMD. When we placed all BBMs (including 1,25(OH)2D) in one model, the pattern and magnitude of association was similar except for PTH, which was attenuated. The association of BMD and BBMs did not differ significantly by race or sex. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study of healthy young men and women who had PTH levels considered normal in clinical practice, higher PTH was associated with lower BMD, particularly in weight-bearing sites (ie, spine and hip). The inverse association of 1,25(OH)2D, together with the attenuation of PTH, suggests that the observed association of PTH is mediated by 1,25(OH)2D. BAP was inversely associated with arm BMD. BBMs can be important markers of skeletal activity in young adults, but their clinical role on bone health among this population is yet to be fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fujiyoshi
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Health Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan.
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Quantification of immature and mature collagen crosslinks by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in connective tissues. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1449-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kent GN. Standardization of marker assays - pyridinoline/deoxypyridinoline. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00365519709168310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brown JE, Coleman RE. Biomarkers of bone turnover in oncology: applications in diagnosis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:125-38. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050903473147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nanchen D, Cornuz J, Ruffieux C, Riesen W, Burckhardt P, Krieg MA. Combining bone resorption markers and heel quantitative ultrasound to discriminate between fracture cases and controls. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1695-703. [PMID: 19184267 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This nested case-control analysis of a Swiss ambulatory cohort of elderly women assessed the discriminatory power of urinary markers of bone resorption and heel quantitative ultrasound for non-vertebral fractures. The tests all discriminated between cases and controls, but combining the two strategies yielded no additional relevant information. INTRODUCTION Data are limited regarding the combination of bone resorption markers and heel quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in the detection of women at risk for fracture. METHODS In a nested case-control analysis, we studied 368 women (mean age 76.2 +/- 3.2 years), 195 with low-trauma non-vertebral fractures and 173 without, matched for age, BMI, medical center, and follow-up duration, from a prospective study designed to predict fractures. Urinary total pyridinolines (PYD) and deoxypyridinolines (DPD) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. All women underwent bone evaluations using Achilles+ and Sahara heel QUS. RESULTS Areas under the receiver operating-characteristic curve (AUC) for discriminative models of the fracture group, with 95% confidence intervals, were 0.62 (0.56-0.68) and 0.59 (0.53-0.65) for PYD and DPD, and 0.64 (0.58-0.69) and 0.65 (0.59-0.71) for Achilles+ and Sahara QUS, respectively. The combination of resorption markers and QUS added no significant discriminatory information to either measurement alone with an AUC of 0.66 (0.60-0.71) for Achilles+ with PYD and 0.68 (0.62-0.73) for Sahara with PYD. CONCLUSIONS Urinary bone resorption markers and QUS are equally discriminatory between non-vertebral fracture patients and controls. However, the combination of bone resorption markers and QUS is not better than either test used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nanchen
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, 44 Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Eyre DR. The specificity of collagen cross-links as markers of bone and connective tissue degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17453679509157685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6500, USA, +1 -206 543 4700, +1 -206 685 4700
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Robins
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB, UK, +44-1224 716639, Fax +44-1224 716687
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D Delmas
- Unité INSERM 403 and Service de Rhumatologie et de Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion F, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France, +33-72 11 74 84, +33-72 11 74 83
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lawrence Riggs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street SW, North 6 Rummer, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street SW, North 6 Rummer, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Tsuruoka S, Hasegawa G, Kaneda T, Maeda A, Fujimura A. Dosing Time‐Dependent Effect of Raloxifene on Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration in Ovariectomized Rats. Chronobiol Int 2009; 25:808-18. [DOI: 10.1080/07420520802387682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bone-protecting effect of Rubus coreanus by dual regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Menopause 2008; 15:676-83. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31815bb687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vasikaran SD. Utility of biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in management of osteoporosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 45:221-58. [PMID: 18415816 DOI: 10.1080/10408360801949442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical markers of bone turnover (bone-turnover markers) are released during bone formation or resorption and can be measured in blood and/or urine. The concentration of bone-turnover markers in serum or urine reflect bone remodeling activity and can potentially be used as surrogate markers of the rate of bone formation or bone resorption. While the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on bone mineral density (BMD), the absolute fracture risk for a particular BMD measurement varies several fold depending on age and is also influenced by other clinical risk factors. The measurement of bone-turnover markers may be of additional value to BMD and clinical risk factors in fracture risk assessment by improving the sensitivity and specificity of prediction of future fractures. In clinical practice, bone-turnover markers may help make cost-effective treatment decisions in patients with borderline absolute risk. BMD changes following treatment cannot be detected with confidence for 12-24 months due to measurement imprecision. Bone-turnover markers, which show an early response following treatment, may be useful for monitoring therapy, identifying non-compliance and non-responders, and predicting early response to therapy. This review concludes by identifying the need for internationally agreed-upon standards for bone resorption and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Vasikaran
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Sørensen MG, Henriksen K, Schaller S, Karsdal MA. Biochemical markers in preclinical models of osteoporosis. Biomarkers 2007; 12:266-86. [PMID: 17453741 DOI: 10.1080/13547500601070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although several treatments for osteoporosis exist, further understanding of the mode of action of current treatments, as well as development of novel treatments, are of interest. Thus, preclinical models of osteoporosis are very useful, as they provide the possibility for gaining knowledge about the cellular mechanisms underlying the disease and for studying pharmaceutical prevention or intervention of the disease in simple and strictly controlled systems. In this review, we present a comprehensive collection of studies using biochemical markers of bone turnover for investigation of preclinical models of osteoporosis. These range from pure and simple in vitro systems, such as osteoclast cultures, to ex vivo models, such as cultures of embryonic murine tibiae and, finally, to in vivo models, such as ovariectomy and orchidectomy of rats. We discuss the relevance of the markers in the individual models, and compare their responses to those observed using 'golden standard' methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sørensen
- Pharmos Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade, Herlev, Denmark
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Tsuruoka S, Kaneda T, Maeda A, Ioka T, Fujimura A. Dosing time-dependent variation of bone resorption by cyclosporin A in rats' femurs. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564:226-31. [PMID: 17362919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dosing time-dependent difference of bone resorption by cyclosporin A was determined in normal rats. Rats were kept in rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Cyclosporin A (3 mg/kg, once a day) or vehicle was given at either 2 h after light on (2 HALO) or 8 HALO, 14 HALO, 20 HALO for 24 weeks. Serum and 4-h urine samples were obtained before and at 12 and 24 weeks after the treatment. Body weight, creatinine clearance, serum parathyroid hormone, the trough level of cyclosporin A in whole blood and urinary excretion of Ca and P were not changed by the drug at every any dosing time. Serum Ca and P concentrations by the vehicle treatment differed with the dosing time. Furthermore, increases of these two parameters by the drug varied with dosing time; most prominently at the 2 HALO dosing, and were not seen at the 8 and 14 HALO dosings. Degree of bone resorption of the femur determined by dual-energy X-ray absorption, also varied with dosing time, most prominently at 2 HALO and less prominently at 14 HALO. Increase of urine deoxypyridinoline excretion, a marker of osteoclast activity, by the drug was highest at 2 HALO and lowest at 14 HALO, however parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin concentrations after cyclosporin A treatment did not vary with dosing time. Reduction of urinary nitric oxide (NO) was most prominent at 2 HALO and negligible at 14 HALO. We concluded that cyclosporin A-induced bone resorption and serum Ca and P increases were varied with dosing time. Sensitivity of osteoclasts by the drug was the major mechanisms of the phenomenon, while differences in pharmacokinetics, the parathyroid gland, osteoblasts and renal handling of Ca and P did not contribute to the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Špaček P, Hulejová H, Adam M. Ion Exchange HPLC Determination of Pyridinium Crosslinks in Urine as Markers of Bone Resorption. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708005552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Špaček
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4 128 50 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - H. Hulejová
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4 128 50 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M. Adam
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4 128 50 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Špaček P, Hulejová H, Adam M. SOME ASPECTS OF SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PYRIDINOLINES AND DESMOSINES AS COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN RESORPTION MARKERS BY MEANS OF REVERSE PHASE HPLC, UTILIZING FLUORESCENCE AND/OR UV-ABSORPTION MONITORING. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Špaček
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4, Prague 2 , 128 50 , Czech Republic
| | - H. Hulejová
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4, Prague 2 , 128 50 , Czech Republic
| | - M. Adam
- a Institute of Rheumatology , Na Slupi 4, Prague 2 , 128 50 , Czech Republic
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Do SH, Hwa SY, Jeong WI, Lee JW, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Jeong KS. ENA Actimineral Resource A restores bone loss and bone quality in ovariectomized rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 295:35-43. [PMID: 16838105 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ENA Actimineral Resource A (ENA-A), seaweed origin alkaline water, on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The 12-week old Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX plus 0.5% ENA-A, OVX plus 5% ENA-A and OVX plus 10% ENA-A. A histopathological analysis indicated that ENA-A could prevent OVX-induced bone loss by increasing femur trabecular bone area in a dose-dependent manner. ENA-A significantly (p<0.05) increased serum estradiol levels, decreased serum osteocalcin activity and suppressed serum pyridinoline (PYD) levels. The in vitro effects of ENA-A were also studied using MC3T3-E1 cells. ENA-A significantly stimulated cell proliferation and increased both ALP activity and calcium deposition in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the treatment of ovariectomized rats with ENA-A not only prevents bone resorption but also appears to maintain the cancellous bone structure of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Do
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, #1370 Sangyeok-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Reiter AL, Volk A, Vollmar J, Fromm B, Gerner HJ. Changes of basic bone turnover parameters in short-term and long-term patients with spinal cord injury. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2006; 16:771-6. [PMID: 16830131 PMCID: PMC2200720 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-006-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The bone mineral density (BMD), the cross- links (PYD, DPD and NTx) and the bone specific alcaline phosphatase (BAP) was investigated in a cross-sectional study in 62 male patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), n = 28 short-term (0-1 year after SCI) and n = 34 long-term SCI patients (> 5 years after SCI). Knowledge about this parameters are necessary to find an adequate therapy for this special kind of osteoporosis. Immobilisation osteoporosis in SCI patients is a well-known problem that may lead to pathological fractures. Little is known regarding the extend of the osteoporosis as well as the causative factors. Measurements of the BMD in the proximal femur and the lumbar spine were performed with dual-energy-X-ray-absorptiometry (DEXA), of the osteoblast marker BAP (bone specific alkaline phosphatase) from serum and the osteoclast markers PYD (pyridinoline), DPD (desoxy-pyridinoline) and NTx (N-telopeptide of collagen type I) from urine. We found a significant decrease of BMD in the proximal femur and no relevant change in the lumbar spine compared to an age- and sex correlated control group (Z-score) in short-term and long-term SCI patients. There was a significant bone loss at the proximal femur between short and long-term SCI patients, whereas at the lumbar spine the BMD even slightly increases. Bone resorption (cross-links) was increased in both groups, though in long-term SCI patients it is significantly decreased compared to short-term SCI patients (DPD from 211.7 micro/g creatinine to 118.1 micro/g creatinine; NTx from 215.1 nmol/mmol creatinine to 83,6 nmol/mmol creatinine). The bone formation marker BAP is slightly below normal range in both groups (12.3 U/l in short-term, 9.7 U/l in long- term SCI patients). Only the proximal femur is affected by the immobilisation osteoporosis of SCI patients, therefore the BMD measurements in these patients should be performed at the lower limb. The problem of the immobilisation osteoporosis in SCI patients is the striking increase of bone resorption and the missing reaction of the bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ludwig Reiter
- Department of Orthopedics, Vulpius Klinik Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Do SH, Jeong WI, Jeong DH, Ki MR, Lee IS, Kwak DM, Kim TH, Kim YK, Kim SB, Jeong KS. Alcohol-induced bone degradation and its early detection in the alcohol-fed castrated rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 282:45-52. [PMID: 16317511 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-1155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine alcohol-induced changes of bone in hormone-deficient males using the developed method. In the process of bone resorption, type I collagen crosslinking molecules, pyridinoline (PYD), are released into the circulation and cleared by the kidneys. (2)H(2)O as a tracer has been applied to measure the synthesis rates of slow-turnover proteins and successfully applied to bone collagen synthesis in our hormone deficiency rats. This study demonstrated for the first time, the early changes of the femur bone degradation in hormone-deficient male individuals, more influenced by alcohol through histopathological study, serum PYD assay, and (2)H(2)O labeling. We also observed that serum PYD was a sensitive pathological marker of bone degradation in castrated osteoporosis males and the unique features of (2)H(2)O labeling to measure the bone turnover collagen synthesis rates were excellent markers of bone degradation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Do
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, #1370 Sangyeok-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Schaller S, Henriksen K, Hoegh-Andersen P, Søndergaard BC, Sumer EU, Tanko LB, Qvist P, Karsdal MA. In Vitro, Ex Vivo, andIn VivoMethodological Approaches for Studying Therapeutic Targets of Osteoporosis and Degenerative Joint Diseases: How Biomarkers Can Assist? Assay Drug Dev Technol 2005; 3:553-80. [PMID: 16305312 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our approach to the clinical management of osteoporosis (OP) and degenerative joint diseases (DJD)-major causes of disability and morbidity in the elderly-has greatly advanced in the past decades, curative treatments that could bring ultimate solutions have yet to be found or developed. Effective and timely development of candidate drugs is a critical function of the availability of sensitive and accurate methodological arsenal enabling the recognition and quantification of pharmacodynamic effects. The established concept that both OP and DJD arise from an imbalance in processes of tissue formation and degradation draws attention to need of establishing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental settings, which allow obtaining insights into the mechanisms driving increased bone and cartilage degradation at cellular, organ, and organism levels. When addressing changes in bone or cartilage turnover at the organ or organism level, monitoring tools adequately reflecting the outcome of tissue homeostasis become particularly critical. In this context, bioassays targeting the quantification of various degradation and formation products of bone and cartilage matrix elements represent a useful approach. In this review, a comprehensive overview of widely used and recently established in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo set-ups is provided, which in many cases effectively take advantage of the potentials of biomarkers. In addition to describing and discussing the advantages and limitations of each assay and their methods of evaluation, we added experimental and clinical data illustrating the utility of biomarkers for these methodological approaches.
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Tsuruoka S, Schwartz GJ, Ioka T, Yamamoto H, Ando H, Fujimura A. Citrate reverses cyclosporin A-induced metabolic acidosis and bone resorption in rats. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25:233-9. [PMID: 15914972 DOI: 10.1159/000085969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA) causes distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and osteoporosis. We have recently reported that the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) exacerbates this condition. Distal RTA may deplete bone mineral due to the chronic buffering of acid in the blood. The interaction of CsA and NO in causing metabolic acidosis and bone demineralization has not been studied previously. Nor has the salubrious effect of citrate therapy. PURPOSE To examine the effect of systemic pH correction by citrate on renal electrolyte (Na, K, Cl, NH3, HCO3) excretion following acute water loading in CsA-treated and NO-reduced rats. We further evaluated femoral bone density and bone demineralization activity after the same treatments. METHODS Rats received CsA, L-arginine (L-Arg), or nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), or a combination of CsA+L-NAME plus or minus citrate. Urine and blood electrolytes were examined, as well as the urine excretion of deoxypyridinoline and the bone density of both femurs. RESULTS CsA and L-NAME reduced urine pH and the serum HCO3- concentration, and increased serum K+ and Cl- concentrations. The combination of CsA with L-NAME caused more severe deficits in the serum HCO3- concentration and elevations in serum K+ and Cl- concentrations than either drug alone. Both CsA and L-NAME reduced urinary nitrate excretion, which was reversed by co-administration of L-Arg. Co-administration of citrate or L-Arg improved the CsA- and L-NAME-induced acidosis and hyperkalemia. Bone resorption and density of the femurs were decreased by CsA and L-NAME and were additive for both drugs. Co-administration of citrate or L-Arg restored both bone resorption and density to normal levels. CONCLUSION CsA induces a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia and a reduction in NO. The ensuing systemic acidosis causes bone resorption and demineralization. These effects were corrected by co-treatment with citrate. Citrate, at least in part, directly reduces the protonation of bone in animals treated with CsA and is recommended as a potential adjunct drug to prevent bone demineralization in patients chronically receiving CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji, Mimamikawachi, Tochigi, Japan.
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Iki M, Akiba T, Matsumoto T, Nishino H, Kagamimori S, Kagawa Y, Yoneshima H. Reference database of biochemical markers of bone turnover for the Japanese female population. Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study. Osteoporos Int 2004; 15:981-91. [PMID: 15570414 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-004-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted as a part of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study to establish reference values on the biochemical markers of bone turnover in the general Japanese female population over an applicable age range. The study recruited 3250 women aged 15-79 years, randomly selected from five municipalities throughout Japan, and obtained measurements of serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP); free and total forms of immunoreactive deoxypyridinoline, free pyridinolines and type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) in urine; serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D); and bone density at the spine, hip and distal forearm. After excluding subjects with apparent or suggested abnormalities affecting bone mass, 2535 (78%) subjects were further analyzed. The authors presented 5-year age-specific mean values of the markers and mean marker levels derived from women aged 30-44 years with normal bone density as a healthy young adult reference. Values of the markers decreased with increasing age before the age of 40, increased steeply among subjects in their 50s, and remained elevated in the elderly. Serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH and 1,25 (OH)2D levels were higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. However, 1,25 (OH)2D was lower among early postmenopausal subjects. The levels of OC, BAP, CTx, PTH and 1,25(OH)2D were significantly greater for women with osteoporosis than for those without. The diagnostic value of the markers was limited as the sensitivity and specificity ranged from 55% to 60%. These findings will aid health professionals in the correct assessment of bone turnover status in Japanese women over a wide range of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine , 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511 Osaka, Japan.
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Tsuruoka S, Nishiki K, Wakaumi M, Yamamoto H, Ando H, Ning W, Fujimura A. Chronopharmacology of oxacalcitriol in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Life Sci 2004; 75:809-22. [PMID: 15183074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported on the merits of the chronopharmacological effects of 1,25(OH) 2 vitaminD3 in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (Tsuruoka et al, Life Scineces 2002; 71: 1809-1820). In this study, the chronopharmacological effect of 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), a newly developed active vitaminD3 analogue with less calcemic activity, was evaluated by a single and repeated dosing of the drug. The 5/6 nephrectomized animals were kept in rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Single (12.5 microg/kg, i.v.) and repeated (5 microg/kg, i.v. three times a week for 12 weeks) dosing of OCT or vehicle was given at either 2 hours after lights on (2HALO) or 14 hours after lights on (14HALO). The severity of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia was significantly milder when the drug was given at 14HALO. Serum concentrations of total OCT and albumin of the 2HALO and 14HALO trials did not differ significantly. The decrease of parathyroid hormone concentration was greater in the 14HALO trial while the increase in urinary ratio of Ca to creatinine was greater in the 2HALO trial. The suppression of urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion, an index of bone resorption capacity of osteoclast, and the increase in bone density of both femurs were greater in the 14HALO trial. These results suggest that the adverse reactions of OCT were ameliorated and its efficacy was enhanced after dosing of the drug at 14HALO. Chronopharmacological differences of OCT were more prominent than those seen with other vitamin D analogues. Dosing-time-dependent variation in the sensitivity of the drug to osteoclast were involved in the mechanisms of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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McGehee JW, Johnson RB. Biomarkers of bone turnover can be assayed from human saliva. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59:196-200. [PMID: 15031303 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.3.b196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if biomarkers of bone turnover [deoxypyridinium (D-PYR) or osteocalcin (OC)] could be detected in human saliva. These biomarkers have been measured in ovariectomized sheep saliva, but not in human saliva. Saliva was collected from 37 women. The bone mineral density of the calcaneus was assessed by quantitative ultrasound and expressed as a T score. Salivary D-PYR and OC concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by a Spearman's rho correlation test and factorial analysis of variance was followed by a post hoc Tukey's test. There were significant correlations between age, body mass index, D-PYR, or OC concentration and calcaneus T scores (p<.05), suggesting that saliva could be used as a fluid for assay of human biomarkers of bone turnover. Our data suggest a beneficial use of saliva in situations where a large number of patients are to be screened for metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McGehee
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA
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Tsuruoka S, Wakaumi M, Yamamoto H, Fujimura A. Chronopharmacology of oxacalcitriol in rat model of osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 488:239-45. [PMID: 15044057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the merits of chronopharmacological effect of 1-alpha(OH) vitamin D3 in aged stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), a model of osteoporosis [Eur. J. Pharmacol. 428 (2001) 283.]. In this study, the chronopharmacological effect of 22-oxacalcitriol, a newly developed active vitamin D3 analogue with less calcemic activity, was evaluated by a single and repeated dosing of the drug in aged SHRSP. Animals (7 months old) were kept in rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Single (12.5 microg/kg, i.v.) and repeated (5 microg/kg, i.v. three times a week for 12 weeks) dosing of 22-oxacalcitriol or vehicle was given at either 2 h after lights on (2HALO) or 14 h after lights on (14HALO). The severity of adverse reactions such as the changes of body weight, hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, was significantly mild when the drug was given at 14HALO. Especially, the increase of serum Ca concentration was not detected at 14HALO trial. Serum concentrations of total (protein-bound and unbound) 22-oxacalcitriol and albumin (a major binding protein of the drug) of the 2HALO and 14HALO trials did not significantly differ. The decrease of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was greater in the 14HALO trial while the increase in urinary ratio of Ca to creatinine was greater in the 2HALO trial. The increase in bone density of both femurs at the end of the study was greater in the 14HALO trial. The suppression of urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, an index of bone resorption capacity of osteoclast, was greater in the 14HALO trial, which indicates that the efficacy of 22-oxacalcitriol for suppressing bone resorption might vary with the dosing time. This is the first study to show the dosing-time-dependent changes in the efficacy and toxicity of 22-oxacalcitriol in the animal model of osteoporosis. Chronopharmacological differences seem to be more prominent than those of other vitamin D analogues. To use 22-oxacalcitriol at an adequate timing might provide better efficacy and safety than other vitamin D3 analogues for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Kushner L, Mathrubutham M, Burney T, Greenwald R, Badlani G. Excretion of collagen derived peptides is increased in women with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2004; 23:198-203. [PMID: 15098214 DOI: 10.1002/nau.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to demonstrate that weakened pelvic floor support of the lower genitourinary tract in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is due to increased collagenolysis. When fibrillar collagen is degraded, pyridinium (PYD) crosslinks are released and excreted in the urine. Degradation of collagen also results in peptide fragments of various lengths which are excreted in the urine. Degradation of mature fibrillar collagen and collagen which has not been crosslinked can be assessed independently by measurement of both PYD and collagen-derived peptides in the urine. METHODS Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained from women with SUI (n = 23) and women without urinary incontinence (n = 39). Urinary PYD concentration was assayed by ELISA. The urinary concentration of helical peptide alpha1 (I) 620-633 fragments derived from collagen was assayed by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Values were normalized to creatinine. RESULTS The mean urine PYD concentration for women with SUI (110.8 +/- 19.7 nM/mM creatinine) was not significantly different than that for women without SUI (85.2 +/- 13.7 nM/mM creatinine). The mean urine concentration of helical peptide alpha1 (I) 620-633 for women with SUI (0.80 +/- 0.13 microg/mg creatinine) was significantly (P < 0.02) higher than that for women without SUI (0.49 +/- 0.06 microg/mg creatinine). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that collagenolytic activity in women with SUI is elevated compared to continent controls, as measured by urinary helical peptide alpha1 (I) 620-633 excretion. The lack of difference in urinary PYD excretion between the two populations suggests that the increased collagenolytic activity in women with SUI, compared to continent controls, is restricted to uncrosslinked collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Kushner
- Department of Urology, The Research Institute, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, LI Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
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Rozen GS, Rennert G, Dodiuk-Gad RP, Rennert HS, Ish-Shalom N, Diab G, Raz B, Ish-Shalom S. Calcium supplementation provides an extended window of opportunity for bone mass accretion after menarche. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:993-8. [PMID: 14594787 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.5.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High calcium intakes during adolescence may increase bone acquisition. The magnitude of the effect of dietary calcium supplementation and the timing of its administration to achieve significant effects on bone health are still incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mass accretion in postmenarcheal adolescent girls with low calcium intakes. DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled calcium supplementation study was implemented. One hundred girls with a mean (+/- SD) age of 14 +/- 0.5 y with habitual calcium intakes < 800 mg/d completed a 12-mo protocol. The treatment group received a daily supplement containing 1000 mg elemental calcium. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck were determined at inclusion, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Also measured were serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline), parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. RESULTS The calcium-supplemented group had greater accretion of total-body BMD and lumbar spine BMD but not BMC than did the control group. Calcium supplementation appeared selectively beneficial for girls who were 2 y postmenarcheal. Calcium supplementation significantly decreased bone turnover and decreased serum parathyroid hormone concentrations. CONCLUSION Calcium supplementation of postmenarcheal girls with low calcium intakes enhances bone mineral acquisition, especially in girls > 2 y past the onset of menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geila S Rozen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rambam Medical Center Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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33
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Tahiri M, Tressol JC, Arnaud J, Bornet FRJ, Bouteloup-Demange C, Feillet-Coudray C, Brandolini M, Ducros V, Pépin D, Brouns F, Roussel AM, Rayssiguier Y, Coudray C. Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides on intestinal calcium absorption and calcium status in postmenopausal women: a stable-isotope study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:449-57. [PMID: 12540407 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enhancing effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOSs) on intestinal calcium absorption has been shown in animals and in some short-term human studies. However, the long-term effect of scFOSs on calcium absorption in humans is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the long-term effect of a moderate daily dose (10 g) of scFOSs on intestinal calcium absorption in postmenopausal women. DESIGN In a randomized, double-blind crossover protocol, 12 healthy, postmenopausal women received scFOSs or placebo for 5 wk. The treatments were separated by a 3-wk washout period. Subjects orally received (44)Ca (stable isotope) and a fecal marker. Feces were collected after the isotope intake for 5-7 d to measure unabsorbed isotope. Calcium-status indexes, calciotropic hormones, and bone turnover were also assessed. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) intestinal calcium absorption with scFOS treatment was not significantly different from that with placebo treatment (35.63 +/- 9.40% and 36.55 +/- 8.48%, respectively). However, a tendency for calcium absorption to be higher with scFOS treatment than with placebo treatment was observed in women who had been going through menopause for >6 y. CONCLUSIONS scFOSs do not modify intestinal calcium absorption in postmenopausal women who do not receive hormonal replacement therapy. The results from a subgroup of women who had been going through menopause for >6 y (n = 6) suggest that scFOSs may influence calcium absorption in the late postmenopausal phase. The small number of subjects and the related P value warrant verification and further investigation with women in late menopause only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Tahiri
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Unité Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, Centre de Recherche INRA Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
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Nishiki K, Tsuruoka S, Wakaumi M, Yamamoto H, Koyama A, Fujimura A. Dosing time-dependent variation in the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 460:171-5. [PMID: 12559378 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dosing time-dependent variation in the hypocalcemic effect of salmon calcitonin was examined in rats under a 12-h light-dark cycle. In both a single-dosing study with normal rats and a repeated-dosing study with hypercalcemic rats (induced by chronic vitamin-D dosing), we consistently observed that the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin was greater when the drug was given at 14 h after lights on than that at 2 h after lights on. The reduction in urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion, a marker of bone resorption, was also greater when calcitonin was given at 14 h after lights on. Urinary excretion of Ca was not affected by the drug. Pharmacokinetic profiles of calcitonin after a single dosing did not differ between the two trials. These results indicate that the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin is greater after dosing in the early dark phase (14 h after lights on) than after dosing in the early light phase (2 h after lights on). A time-dependent variation in the sensitivity to the drug of osteoclasts, but not renal tissues, may be involved in the mechanism of this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishiki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Legrand JJ, Fisch C, Guillaumat PO, Pavard JM, Attia M, De Jouffrey S, Claude JR. Use of biochemical markers to monitor changes in bone turnover in cynomolgus monkeys. Biomarkers 2003; 8:63-77. [PMID: 12519637 DOI: 10.1080/1354750021000042448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ovariectomized old cynomolgus monkey is a recognized model of human osteoporosis, and the same species can be used for the assessment of the efficacy and potential toxicity of agents intended to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Several assays have been developed that can measure the same biochemical markers of bone turnover as are used in human patients for the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to describe the results obtained with these assays in normal control monkeys, their variations with age and sex, and their sensitivity in monitoring the bone turnover induced by ovariectomy in old skeletally mature cynomolgus monkeys. Seven old cynomolgus monkeys were bilaterally ovariectomized and 13 age-matched monkeys were sham-operated. Bone mineral density and biochemical markers were measured before and at regular intervals after surgery for up to 20 months. Total alkaline phosphatase (total ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (bone ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) were highly correlated to the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) induced by ovariectomy. Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay was insensitive to the bone resorption induced by ovariectomy, but cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX-I) was higher in ovariectomized monkeys than in control monkeys. These results demonstrate that reliable biochemical parameters are available to adequately monitor and provide insight into osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation, the two components of bone turnover in this animal model, and can thus be used to assess the efficacy and toxicity of potential therapeutic agents.
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Garnero P, Delmas PD. An immunoassay for type I collagen alpha 1 helicoidal peptide 620-633, a new marker of bone resorption in osteoporosis. Bone 2003; 32:20-6. [PMID: 12584032 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen fragments are the most sensitive markers of bone resorption in osteoporosis. Currently, all available type I collagen-related bone resorption markers detect in serum and/or urine fragments arising from the telopeptide region of the molecule. Our aim was to evaluate the technical and clinical performances of a new assay detecting in urine a degradation fragment originating from the helical part of type I collagen and consisting of the 620-633 sequence of the alpha1 chain. Urinary helical peptide was measured with a new ELISA (Metra Helical peptide, Quidel Corporation). Results were compared with those of urinary C-terminal cross-linking type I collagen of type I collagen (CTX), an established bone resorption marker. We measured urinary helical peptide levels in 89 healthy women (age 31-89 years) and in 59 postmenopausal women involved in two randomized studies of the efficacy of alendronate (10 mg/day; n = 20) and transdermal 17beta estradiol (50 microg/day; n = 39). The within-run and between-run CVs were < or = 7.3 and 8.7%, respectively. In 59 healthy women, urinary helical peptide levels highly correlated with those of urinary CTX (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001). The long-term intraindividual variability assessed over 6 months in 18 untreated postmenopausal women was 24%. Compared to 24 premenopausal women, urinary helical peptide was 42% (P < 0.0001) higher in 65 postmenopausal women (mean age, 60 years), an increase comparable to that of urinary CTX (+ 47%, P < 0.0001). Urinary helical peptide levels decreased by 72% (P < 0.0001) after 3 months of alendronate treatment and by 59% (P < 0.0001) after 6 months of transdermal estrogen therapy. These changes were of similar magnitude to those of urinary CTX (-69 and -62%, respectively; NS compared with changes in helical peptide). In women treated with transdermal 17beta estradiol, the percentage of change of urinary helical peptide and urinary CTX at 6 months significantly correlated with the change in spinal bone mineral density after 2 years (r = -0.58, P = 0.002, and r = -0.52, P = 0.006, for urinary helical peptide and CTX, respectively). This new assay for type I collagen helical peptide has demonstrated adequate analytical performance and was highly correlated with urinary CTX, an established type I collagen C-telopeptide bone resorption marker. The test was a sensitive indicator of the antiresorptive effects of bisphosphonate and estrogens in postmenopausal women. This new bone resorption marker should be useful for the clinical investigation of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garnero
- INSERM Research Unit 403, Hôpital E. Herriot. Pavillon F, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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Tsuruoka S, Nishiki K, Sugimoto K, Fujimura A. Time of day improves efficacy and reduces adverse reactions of vitamin D3 in 5/6 nephrectomized rat. Life Sci 2002; 71:1809-20. [PMID: 12151058 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent differences in adverse reactions and efficacy by a repeated administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (vit D, 0.3 microg/Kg/day for 12 weeks) were examined in 5/6 nephrectomized rats under a condition of 12-hour light-dark cycle. The 5/6 nephrectomy increased serum concentrations of phosphate, osteocalcin and PTH, and urinary excretions of phosphate and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) while the maneuver reduced serum Ca concentration and its urinary excretion. Animals with a dosing of the drug at 2 hours after light on (HALO) had more grade of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia than those at 14 HALO. Reduction of serum intact PTH and increase of serum vit D were observed in both groups with a similar extent. Increase of osteocalcin by the drug was greater in 14 HALO trial. Urinary excretion of DPD was not influenced by the treatment. The increase in bone density of femur was greater in 14 HALO than in 2 HALO trials. These results suggest that adverse reactions of vit D were ameliorated and its efficacy was enhanced after the repeated dosing of the drug at 14 HALO. Time-dependent variation in the sensitivity of the drug to osteoblast was involved in the mechanism of these events, while the roles of pharmacokinetic alteration and renal response were small, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Sato J, Okada K, Fukuda S, Sato R, Yasuda J, Naito Y. Serum activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and bone specific alkaline phosphatase as indices of bone metabolism in the cow. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:653-5. [PMID: 12185326 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between the serum hydroxyproline concentration and serum activity levels of TRAP and BALP was examined in 41 cows. The correlated coefficient (r) was 0.6391 for TRAP and 0.3147 for BALP, respectively. Judging from the significant correlation to the serum hydroxyproline concentration, serum TRAP activity is an index for bone metabolism in cows. Serum TRAP activity was therefore measured in 205 healthy cows (2-9 years old) in order to observe the changes in bone resorption with aging and milk production. TRAP levels differed slightly between group A (< or =4 yrs) and B (5 yrs< or =) at the same stage of lactation. The activity levels rose slightly at the height of lactation stage and during the dry stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sato
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Johnson RB, Gilbert JA, Cooper RC, Parsell DE, Stewart BA, Dai X, Nick TG, Streckfus CF, Butler RA, Boring JG. Effect of estrogen deficiency on skeletal and alveolar bone density in sheep. J Periodontol 2002; 73:383-91. [PMID: 11990439 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study provides a longitudinal assessment of changes in alveolar and skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) in ovariectomized animals. METHODS Following ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 6) or sham-operation (n = 6) intraoral radiographs were made at 4-month intervals and serum 17-beta-estradiol, osteocalcin, and interleukin (IL)-6, urinary deoxypyridinium, and salivary IL-6, deoxypyridinium, and osteocalcin concentrations were evaluated. Twelve months after surgery, animals were sacrificed and the mandible and radius/ulna removed. Bones were sectioned and radiographed. Mean BMD and cortical thicknesses were calculated from each region. RESULTS OVX animals had a progressive decrease in serum 17-beta-estradiol, increased serum osteocalcin and IL-6, urinary deoxypyridinium and salivary IL-6, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinium (P < 0.001), suggesting that they were becoming osteoporotic. The BMD of the radius/ulna and mandibular alveolar bone was significantly reduced in OVX animals (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Reduced alveolar bone BMD became evident in OVX animals 6 months after surgery and became more severe during the subsequent 6 months. Alveolar crestal height was also significantly reduced in OVX animals (P < 0.001). These biochemical and density changes preceded a significant reduction in serum 17-beta-estradiol, which occurred between 4 and 8 months following surgery. CONCLUSIONS Serial measurements of alveolar BMD predicts loss of skeletal BMD in OVX sheep. Changes in alveolar BMD precede estrogen deficiency, suggesting that early signs of reduced BMD may be detected in peri-menopausal women. The presence of biomarkers of bone metabolism within saliva and their correlation with reduced BMD suggests that saliva could be used as an adjunct screening method for assessment of skeletal bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Johnson
- Department of Periodontics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA
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Oates TW, Graves DT, Cochran DL. Clinical, radiographic and biochemical assessment of IL-1/TNF-alpha antagonist inhibition of bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29:137-43. [PMID: 11895541 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess clinical, radiographic, and biochemical markers as diagnostic indicators of disease activity by comparing ligature-induced bone loss in the presence or absence of IL-1/TNF-alpha antagonist inhibition of bone loss in a primate model. MATERIAL AND METHODS 6 animals with a naturally-occurring gingivitis were evaluated over a 6-week time period following the placement of silk ligatures and initiation of a soft diet. Three animals received intrapapillary injections of soluble receptors (blockers), capable of blocking the biologic activity for both IL-1 and TNF-alpha, and 3 animals received vehicle (control) injections. Injections were given 3X per week over the course of the study. Clinical assessments included a gingival index and quantification of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels. Collected GCF samples were then used in the biochemical assessment of pyridinoline (PYD) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). Radiographic assessment was made using computer-assisted subtraction radiography to measure both bone density (CADIA) values and linear changes in crestal bone height. RESULTS Significant (p<0.01) changes using both radiographic measures occurred between 2 and 4 weeks following initiation of disease in this model. The use of the blockers significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of radiographic bone loss by approximately 50% over that found in the control sites. Both biochemical markers showed the greatest increase during the first two weeks of the study with PYD levels increased 35-fold over baseline levels after 1 week. This difference in response was significantly (p<0.05) greater than the levels found in the non-ligated teeth or in the ligated teeth receiving blockers injections. BAP levels showed significant increases in ligated teeth compared to non-ligated teeth, but failed to show any significant differences between animals treated with vehicle and those treated with IL-1/TNF antagonists. In contrast to these radiographic and biochemical effects, there were no significant differences detected between animals treated with antagonists and the control group for any of the clinical measures. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that both subtraction radiography and PYD crevicular fluid levels can detect relative differences in periodontal disease progression, while BAP crevicular fluid levels cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Oates
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Tsuruoka S, Nishiki K, Sugimoto K, Fujimura A. Chronotherapy with active vitamin D3 in aged stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, a model of osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 428:287-93. [PMID: 11675047 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chronotherapeutic effects of 1-alpha-(OH) vitamin D3, a pro-drug of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), were evaluated by repeated dosing of the drug in aged stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive male rats, a model of osteoporosis. Animals (7 months old) were kept in rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Drug (0.5 microg/kg) or vehicle was given once daily at 2 or 14 h after lights on for 3 months. The severity of adverse effects such as body weight loss, hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia was significantly less when the drug was given at 14 h after lights on (14 HALO). Serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 concentrations of 2 h after lights on (2 HALO) group and 14 HALO group did not differ significantly after dosing. The decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) level 12 weeks after the start of the study was greater in the 14 HALO group than in the 2 HALO group. Urinary excretion of inorganic Ca and P in the 2 HALO group was greater than that in the 14 HALO group. Urinary excretion of deoxypyridiniline, an index of the bone resorption capacity of osteoclasts, was much suppressed in the 14 HALO group, suggesting that the efficacy of vitamin D3 for suppressing bone resorption might vary with the dosing time. The increase in bone density of both femurs, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorption at the end of the study, was greater in the 14 HALO group than in the 2 HALO group. This is the first study to show the dosing time-dependent efficacy and toxicity of active vitamin D3 in an animal model of osteoporosis. These results indicate that a chronopharmacological approach is beneficial for establishing a more effective and/or safer regimen of active vitamin D3 for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsuruoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Yu-Yahiro JA, Michael RH, Dubin NH, Fox KM, Sachs M, Hawkes WG, Hebel JR, Zimmerman SI, Shapiro J, Magaziner J. Serum and urine markers of bone metabolism during the year after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49:877-83. [PMID: 11527478 DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of a larger study to describe indices of recovery during the year after hip fracture, the current prospective study investigated longitudinal changes in serum and urine markers of bone metabolism for the year after hip fracture and related them to bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN A representative subset of participants provided serum and urine samples and had bone density measured at 3, 10, 60, 180, and 365 days postfracture. SETTING Two Baltimore hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The subjects were 205 community-dwelling, white women age 65 and older with fresh proximal femur fractures. MEASUREMENTS Samples were assayed for specific bone-related proteins and bone turnover markers, including serum osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal extension peptide (PICP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) cross-links. Selected hormonal regulators of bone metabolism, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D(3) (1,25 (OH)(2)D), and estrone (E(1)) were measured from serum samples. Repeated measures analyses were used to evaluate postfracture changes in each of the markers. RESULTS BAP, OC, and PICP were most active during the early postfracture period (3-60 days). BAP and OC remained elevated at 365 days compared with 3 days. DPD rose 48% from 3 days to 60 days, but this difference was not statistically significant. PTH and 1,25 (OH)(2)D increased steadily and significantly from 3 to 365 days. E(1) was highest at baseline and decreased at each time point, whereas CT showed no significant changes. When subjects were stratified into high-, medium-, and low-BMD groups based on their measurement at 3 days, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic markers in the low-BMD group displayed exaggerated and different patterns over time compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION Currently, the standard treatment of care for hip fractures still results in high morbidity and mortality and failure to regain prefracture quality of life. Gaining an understanding of bone cell activity in these patients after hip fracture, derived by measuring markers longitudinally during recovery, provides a baseline by which to measure the effectiveness of new interventions to improve recovery from hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yu-Yahiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shibutani T, Inuduka A, Horiki I, Luan Q, Iwayama Y. Bisphosphonate inhibits alveolar bone resorption in experimentally-induced peri-implantitis in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001; 12:109-14. [PMID: 11251659 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012002109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bisphosphonate on alveolar bone resorption in experimentally-induced peri-implantitis in beagle dogs. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced by ligation around the abutments, 6 months after placement of a fixture. Pamidronate (0.6 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly every 3 days into each of 5 dogs. Another 5 dogs served as the control group and were injected with saline only. Peripheral blood and urine samples were collected every week up to 12 weeks after placement of the ligature. Standard X-rays were taken every week. Urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and serum osteocalcin (OC) were evaluated by ELISA as markers of alveolar bone remodeling. X-ray films were analyzed with a computer image analyzer. After 12 weeks, the bone level was measured after removal of the gingival flap. The distance between the top surface of the fixture and the fundus of the defect was significantly lower in the Pamidronate group (1.59+/-0.55 mm, mean+/-SD) than in the control group (2.41+/-0.48 mm). Bone density analyzed from the X-ray films was significantly higher in the bisphosphonate group (69.2+/-8.7%, mean+/-SD) than in the control group (50.3+/-12.8%) after 2 to 8 weeks compared with the baseline value (100%). OC and DPD levels fluctuated during the experimental period. These findings suggest that bisphosphonate inhibits the progression of alveolar bone resorption during ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibutani
- Department of Periodontology, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Palicka
- Charles University, University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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45
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Abstract
Molecular markers of bone turnover have gained increasing relevance in the evaluation of patients with metabolic bone diseases. Their clinical applications include the assessment of future osteoporotic fracture risk, complementation of bone density measurements, diagnosis of certain metabolic osteopathies, therapeutic decision making, and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. One should be aware, however, that the results from large epidemiologic or clinical trials are sometimes difficult to translate into the everyday clinical situation. The individual patient often has more than one disease that might affect either bone turnover or the handling of the parameters mentioned (or both). Analytic and biologic variability of bone markers can be significant and also needs to be considered when using these indices. In the scientific setting, conventional and new markers of bone turnover can help to elucidate formerly unknown mechanisms and pathways. Because the development of ever more specific and sensitive markers of bone metabolism is progressing rapidly, we are likely to witness new insights into the pathophysiology of bone diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Woitge
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Cenci S, Weitzmann MN, Roggia C, Namba N, Novack D, Woodring J, Pacifici R. Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-alpha. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:1229-37. [PMID: 11086024 PMCID: PMC381439 DOI: 10.1172/jci11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2000] [Accepted: 09/29/2000] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by upregulating osteoclastogenesis by mechanisms not completely defined. We found that ovariectomy-enhanced T-cell production of TNF-alpha, which, acting through the TNF-alpha receptor p55, augments macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced (M-CSF-induced) and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Ovariectomy failed to induce bone loss, stimulate bone resorption, or increase M-CSF- and RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis in T-cell deficient mice, establishing T cells as essential mediators of the bone-wasting effects of estrogen deficiency in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the ability of estrogen to target T cells, suppressing their production of TNF-alpha, is a key mechanism by which estrogen prevents osteoclastic bone resorption and bone loss.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Bone Resorption/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Estrogens/physiology
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Osteoclasts/physiology
- Ovariectomy
- RANK Ligand
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cenci
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Whitham KM, Milford-Ward A. External quality assessment of bone metabolism marker assays. initial experiences in a UK NEQAS programme. Clin Chem Lab Med 2000; 38:1121-4. [PMID: 11156340 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2000.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a pilot external quality assessment scheme for bone markers including serum bone alkaline phosphatase and procollagen 1-carboxy terminal propeptide together with urine deoxypyridinoline, N- and C-telopeptides. The data shows poor numerical agreement between commercial assays, between-laboratory imprecision that could be improved, and the need for international standardisation of assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Whitham
- Department of Immunology, UK NEQAS, Sheffield
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48
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Allen MJ, Allen LC, Hoffmann WE, Richardson DC, Breur GJ. Urinary markers of type I collagen degradation in the dog. Res Vet Sci 2000; 69:123-7. [PMID: 11020362 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Urinary assays for type I collagen metabolites provide a non invasive index of bone resorption in humans, and are widely used in the management of patients with metabolic bone diseases. The specific aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using commercial human assay kits for quantifying the urinary excretion of type I collagen metabolites in dogs of different ages. Urine and serum samples were collected from 35 beagle dogs in five age groups (0 to 1 years; 1 to 2 years; 2 to 3 years; 3 to 7 years; > 8 years old). Urinary concentrations of pyridinoline (Pyd), deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), and the carboxy- and amino-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx and NTx, respectively) were measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kits. Serum concentrations of another type I collagen metabolite, the carboxy-terminal cross-linked teloptide of type I collagen (ICTP), were measured with a commercial radioimmunoassay. Dilutional studies indicated that the four urinary assays show specific cross-reactivity with canine urine. Age-related differences in urinary marker excretion were identified, with young dogs excreting the highest concentrations of Pyd, Dpd, NTx and CTx. The correlation between the individual urinary markers was excellent (r = 0.87 to 0.98), while the correlation between serum ICTP and individual urinary markers was weaker (r = 0.52 to 0.64). These results validate the usefulness of the commercial assay kits in monitoring type I collagen metabolism in dogs. Histomorphometric studies have confirmed the relationship between collagen degradation and bone resorption in humans, and similar studies are now needed in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Allen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY-Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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49
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Woitge HW, Seibel MJ. Risk Assessment for Osteoporosis II: Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover: Bone Resorption Indices. Clin Lab Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gorski JP, Apone S, Shaffer KA, Batchelder A, Jean W, Williams JA, Shacter E, Eyre DR. Hypercalcemia during the osteogenic phase after rat marrow ablation coincides with increased bone resorption assessed by the NTx marker. Bone 2000; 27:103-10. [PMID: 10865216 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marrow ablation is a model of bone turnover in which the excavated tibial intramedullary cavity is rapidly and reproducibly filled by osteoblasts with new woven bone (days 6-8), which is then rapidly resorbed by osteoclasts (days 10-15). We showed previously (Magnuson et al., 1997) that marrow ablation induces a dramatic hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in rats that unexpectedly peaked at the time of maximal osteogenesis and continued throughout the subsequent resorption phase. Based upon the amount of calcium mobilized and a peak of urinary hydroxyproline, we suggested that the hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria were due to increased systemic osteoclastic bone resorption induced by marrow ablation. We now apply a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rodent alpha(2)(I) N-telopeptide (NTx), a marker of bone resorption, to the marrow ablation model to demonstrate that excretion of NTx parallels that of calcium release in the operated control group. Specifically, maximal NTx/creatinine excretion coincides with the onset of hypercalcemia on days 7-8. A peak of NTx was also observed in methylprednisolone- and deflazacort-treated ablated animals. Analyses for urinary free deoxypyridinoline crosslink failed to detect a significant ablation-induced change in excretion. Interleukin 6 activity was increased in all operated control and glucocorticoid-treated groups after marrow ablation, whereas serum parathyroid hormone remained at presurgical levels in operated controls throughout the 15-day study period. The NTx results confirm that bilateral tibial marrow ablation induces a burst of extratibial bone resorption and hypercalcemia 7-8 days later. We have estimated that the osteogenic phase of the ablation model deposits 40 mg of calcium as hydroxyapatite crystals within the intramedullary cavity on days 6-8; this represents 33%-50% of the total blood calcium content of a young rat. We hypothesize that the size and rapidity of this demand for ionized calcium is met through an extratibial bone resorption pathway of osteoclast formation and activation that anticipates and fulfills this need, and that is initiated at the time of marrow ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gorski
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
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