1
|
Tan WH, Rücklin M, Larionova D, Ngoc TB, Joan van Heuven B, Marone F, Matsudaira P, Winkler C. A Collagen10a1 mutation disrupts cell polarity in a medaka model for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid. iScience 2024; 27:109405. [PMID: 38510140 PMCID: PMC10952040 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 lead to metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a skeletal disorder characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Prior analysis revealed impaired trimerization and intracellular retention of mutant collagen type X alpha 1 chains as cause for elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, how ER stress translates into structural defects remained unclear. We generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) MCDS model harboring a 5 base pair deletion in col10a1, which led to a frameshift and disruption of 11 amino acids in the conserved trimerization domain. col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes recapitulated key features of MCDS and revealed early cell polarity defects as cause for dysregulated matrix secretion and deformed skeletal structures. Carbamazepine, an ER stress-reducing drug, rescued this polarity impairment and alleviated skeletal defects in col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes. Our data imply cell polarity dysregulation as a potential contributor to MCDS and suggest the col10a1Δ633a medaka mutant as an attractive MCDS animal model for drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daria Larionova
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tran Bich Ngoc
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee J, Casale S, Landoulsi J, Guibert C. Kinetic Study of Calcium Phosphate Mineralisation in Biomimetic Conditions: An Enzymatic Model Approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113290. [PMID: 37086685 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been studied for decades, calcium phosphate (CaP) biomineralisation remains an unclear process involving many possible pathways depending on subtle biological parameters that are hard to mimic. In this work, we explore the catalytic activity of enzymes to direct CaP crystallisation. This idea derives from the remarkable capacity of matrix vesicles (MVs) to control CaP biomineralisation in vivo by involving a variety of proteins, including enzymes. We highlight how the enzymatic control of the release of phosphate ions allows to better steer when and how the minerals form by tuning the enzymatic activity. We also illustrate how this enzymatic control enables the deeper understanding of the role of a crystallisation inhibitor, magnesium ions. Moreover, we propose in this study the original and extensive use of both dynamic (DLS) and static (SLS) light scattering measurements to follow the mineralisation in real-time and to provide kinetic quantitative parameters to describe this phenomenon. The combination of the techniques reveals noticeable differences in terms of nucleation and growth process between the two levers used in this approach: (i) adjusting the time evolution of the supersaturation or (ii) moderating the crystallisation process. This study allowed also to pinpoint specific intermediate structures, rarely seen and difficult to isolate, that differ when magnesium ions are introduced in the mixture.
Collapse
|
3
|
Makris K, Mousa C, Cavalier E. Alkaline Phosphatases: Biochemistry, Functions, and Measurement. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:233-242. [PMID: 36571614 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are a group of isoenzymes, situated on the external layer of the cell membrane; they catalyze the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters present in the extracellular space. Zinc and magnesium are significant co-factors for the biological activity of these enzymes. Although ALPs are available in various body tissues and have distinct physiochemical properties, they are true isoenzymes since they catalyze a similar reaction. In the liver, ALP is cytosolic and present in the canalicular membrane of the hepatocytes. ALPs are available in placenta, ileal mucosa, kidney, bone, and liver. However, most of the ALPs in serum (over 80%) are delivered from liver and bone and in more modest quantities from the intestines. Despite the fact that alkaline phosphatases are found in numerous tissues all through the body, their exact physiological function remains largely unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory for the Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chagigia Mousa
- 6th Orthopedic Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liege, CHU de Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao H, Jia Y, Wang F, Chai Y, Zhang C, Xu J, Kang Q. Cobalt-Doped Mesoporous Silica Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Promoting Accelerated Bone Healing in Distraction Osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2359-2370. [PMID: 37187997 PMCID: PMC10178404 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s393878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Large bone abnormalities are commonly treated using distraction osteogenesis (DO), but it is not suitable for a long-term application; therefore, there is an urgent need for adjuvant therapy that can accelerate bone repair. Methods We have synthesized mesoporous silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles doped with cobalt ions (Co-MMSNs) and assessed their capacity to quicken bone regrowth in a mouse model of DO. Furthermore, local injection of the Co-MMSNs significantly accelerated bone healing in DO, as demonstrated by X-ray imaging, micro-CT, mechanical tests, histological evaluation, and immunochemical analysis. Results In vitro, the Co-MMSNs exhibited good biocompatibility and induced angiogenic gene expression and osteogenic development in bone mesenchymal stem cells. And the Co-MMSNs can promote bone regeneration in a rat DO model. Discussion This study demonstrated the significant potential of Co-MMSNs to shorten the DO treatment duration and effectively reduce the incidence of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhao
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yachao Jia
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jia Xu; Qinglin Kang, Email ;
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagashima D, Ishibashi Y, Kawaguchi S, Furukawa M, Toho M, Ohno M, Nitto T, Izumo N. Human Recombinant Lactoferrin Promotes Differentiation and Calcification on MC3T3-E1 Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010060. [PMID: 36678689 PMCID: PMC9861834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), known to be present in mammalian milk, has been reported to promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and suppress bone resorption by affecting osteoclasts. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of human sources LF on osteoblast differentiation have not yet been elucidated, and almost studies have used LF from bovine sources. The presented study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of bovine lactoferrin (IF-I) and human recombinant lactoferrin (LF-II) on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with LF, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). Cell proliferation was analyzed using the MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activation and osteopontin expression levels were evaluated via cell staining and immunocytochemistry. The differentiation markers were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The cell viability assay showed the treatment of 100 μg/mL LF significantly increased; however, it was suppressed by the simultaneous treatment of ascorbic acid and β-GP. Alizarin red staining showed that the 100 μg/mL treatment of LF enhanced calcification. Quantitative real-time PCR showed a significant increase in osterix expression. The results suggest that treatment with both LFs enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation and promoted calcification. The mechanisms of calcification suggest that LFs are affected by an increase in osterix and osteocalcin mRNA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nagashima
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishibashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toho
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | | | - Takeaki Nitto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Nobuo Izumo
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-859-1300
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Chen S, Huang L, Han W, Shao Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, He R, Xie B. Epimedin C Alleviates Glucocorticoid-Induced Suppression of Osteogenic Differentiation by Modulating PI3K/AKT/RUNX2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894832. [PMID: 35860032 PMCID: PMC9291512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary osteoporosis is triggered mostly by glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Dexamethasone (DEX) was reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation in zebrafish larvae and MC3T3-E1 cells in prior research. In this research, we primarily examined the protective impacts of epimedin C on the osteogenic inhibition impact of MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish larvae mediated by DEX. The findings illustrated no apparent toxicity for MC3T3-E1 cells after administering epimedin C at increasing dosages from 1 to 60 μM and no remarkable proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells treated using DEX. In MC3T3-E1 cells that had been treated using DEX, we discovered that epimedin C enhanced alkaline phosphatase activities and mineralization. Epimedin C could substantially enhance the protein expression of osterix (OSX), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) in MC3T3-E1 cells subjected to DEX treatment. Additionally, epimedin C stimulated PI3K and AKT signaling pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells that had been treated using DEX. Furthermore, in a zebrafish larvae model, epimedin C was shown to enhance bone mineralization in DEX-mediated bone impairment. We also found that epimedin C enhanced ALPL activity and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells treated using DEX, which may be reversed by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). LY294002 can also reverse the protective impact of epimedin C on DEX-mediated bone impairment in zebrafish larval. These findings suggested that epimedin C alleviated the suppressive impact of DEX on the osteogenesis of zebrafish larval and MC3T3-E1 cells via triggering the PI3K and AKT signaling pathways. Epimedin C has significant potential in the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of glucocorticoid-mediated osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shichun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Linxuan Huang
- Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weichao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan (The Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University), Foshan, China
| | - Ruirong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirong He, ; Baocheng Xie,
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirong He, ; Baocheng Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Enzymatic Approach in Calcium Phosphate Biomineralization: A Contribution to Reconcile the Physicochemical with the Physiological View. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312957. [PMID: 34884758 PMCID: PMC8657759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which organisms produce hard inorganic matter from soft tissues with outstanding control of mineral deposition in time and space. For this purpose, organisms deploy a sophisticated "toolkit" that has resulted in significant evolutionary innovations, for which calcium phosphate (CaP) is the biomineral selected for the skeleton of vertebrates. While CaP mineral formation in aqueous media can be investigated by studying thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions in supersaturated solutions, biogenic mineralization requires coping with the inherent complexity of biological systems. This mainly includes compartmentalization and homeostatic processes used by organisms to regulate key physiological factors, including temperature, pH and ion concentration. A detailed analysis of the literature shows the emergence of two main views describing the mechanism of CaP biomineralization. The first one, more dedicated to the study of in vivo systems and supported by researchers in physiology, often involves matrix vesicles (MVs). The second one, more investigated by the physicochemistry community, involves collagen intrafibrillar mineralization particularly through in vitro acellular models. Herein, we show that there is an obvious need in the biological systems to control both where and when the mineral forms through an in-depth survey of the mechanism of CaP mineralization. This necessity could gather both communities of physiologists and physicochemists under a common interest for an enzymatic approach to better describe CaP biomineralization. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous enzymatic catalyses are conceivable for these systems, and a few preliminary promising results on CaP mineralization for both types of enzymatic catalysis are reported in this work. Through them, we aim to describe the relevance of our point of view and the likely findings that could be obtained when adding an enzymatic approach to the already rich and creative research field dealing with CaP mineralization. This complementary approach could lead to a better understanding of the biomineralization mechanism and inspire the biomimetic design of new materials.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie B, Zeng Z, Liao S, Zhou C, Wu L, Xu D. Kaempferol Ameliorates the Inhibitory Activity of Dexamethasone in the Osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 Cells by JNK and p38-MAPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739326. [PMID: 34675808 PMCID: PMC8524096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol has been reported to exhibit beneficial effect on the osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and osteoblasts. In our previous study, dexamethasone (DEX) demonstrated inhibitory effect on MC3T3-E1 cells differentiation. In this study, we mainly explored the protective effect of kaempferol on the inhibitory activity of DEX in the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that kaempferol ameliorated the proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the mineralization in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Kaempferol also significantly enhanced the expression of osterix (Osx) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DEX. In addition, kaempferol attenuated DEX-induced reduction of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression and elevation of p53 and Bax expression. Kaempferol also activated JNK and p38-MAPK pathways in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, kaempferol improved bone mineralization in DEX-induced bone damage in a zebrafish larvae model. These data suggested that kaempferol ameliorated the inhibitory activity of DEX in the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells by activating JNK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Kaempferol exhibited great potentials in developing new drugs for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhanwei Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wehner C, Lettner S, Moritz A, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Effect of bisphosphonate treatment of titanium surfaces on alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:125. [PMID: 32334598 PMCID: PMC7183598 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphosphonate coating of dental implants is a promising tool for surface modification aiming to improve the osseointegration process and clinical outcome. The biological effects of bisphosphonates are thought to be mainly associated with osteoclasts inhibition, whereas their effects on osteoblast function are unclear. A potential of bisphosphonate coated surfaces to stimulate osteoblast differentiation was investigated by several in vitro studies with contradictory results. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate coated implant surfaces on alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts. Methods In vitro studies that assessed alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts following cell culture on bisphosphonate coated titanium surfaces were searched in electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. Animal studies and clinical trials were excluded. The literature search was restricted to articles written in English and published up to August 2019. Publication bias was assessed by the construction of funnel plots. Results Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that coating of titanium surfaces with bisphosphonates increases alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts after 3 days (n = 1), 7 (n = 7), 14 (n = 6) and 21 (n = 3) days. (7 days beta coefficient = 1.363, p-value = 0.001; 14 days beta coefficient = 1.325, p-value < 0.001; 21 days beta coefficient = 1.152, p-value = 0.159). Conclusions The meta-analysis suggests that bisphosphonate coatings of titanium implant surfaces may have beneficial effects on osteogenic behaviour of osteoblasts grown on titanium surfaces in vitro. Further studies are required to assess to which extent bisphosphonates coating might improve osseointegration in clinical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wehner
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian L, Zhang Z, Tian B, Zhang X, Wang N. Study on antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of EPL coated 3D printed PCL/HA composite scaffolds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4805-4816. [PMID: 35495239 PMCID: PMC9049012 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds play a critical role in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, 3D printing technology has enormous advantage in the manufacture of bioengineering scaffolds for patient-specific bone defect treatments. In order to provide an aseptic environment for bone regeneration, ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL), an antimicrobic cationic polypeptide, was used for surface modification of 3D printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds which were fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The scaffold morphology and micro-structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The release profile surface roughness, open porosity, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation potential and antibacterial properties were also examined. As a result, 3D printed PCL/HA scaffolds with interconnected pores showed a slightly rough surface and improved mechanical properties due to adding hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. After being modified by EPL, favorable biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of ε-poly-l-lysine/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (EPL/PCL/HA) scaffolds were observed. Moreover, antibacterial activity of the EPL/PCL/HA scaffolds was apparent. As a consequence, the EPL/PCL/HA scaffolds had great potential for bone regeneration and prevention of infections. This would yield a patient-specific bioactive and antibacterial composite scaffold for advanced bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Tian
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing 100010 PR China
- Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District Beijing 100010 PR China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing 100010 PR China
| | - Bin Tian
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing 100010 PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District Beijing 100010 PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing 100010 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei Q, Wang B, Hu H, Xie C, Ling L, Gao J, Cao Y. Icaritin promotes the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the regulation of sclerostin expression. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:816-824. [PMID: 31985018 PMCID: PMC7015123 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Icaritin, a metabolite of icariin, is a potent promoter of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To examine the effects of icaritin on osteogenic differentiation, BMSCs were exposed to osteogenic induction medium with or without icaritin pretreatment in the present study. It was identified that icaritin (0.01-1 µM) exhibited no cytotoxicity on the proliferative abilities of the BMSCs. Icaritin at 1 µM increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposition and osteoblast-specific gene expression. Treatment with 1 µM Icaritin upregulated osteocalcin, RUNX family transcription factor 2, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and β-catenin, and suppressed sclerostin (SOST) gene expression in different stages of osteogenic differentiation. It was also demonstrated that SOST over-expression inhibited icaritin-induced osteogenesis. The western blot analysis data suggested that ICI 182780, which causes estrogen receptor α (ERα) degradation, reversed the icaritin-induced decrease in SOST expression, which was inconsistent with the results of immunofluorescence analysis. In conclusion, icaritin was demonstrated to promote the osteogenesis of hBMSCs by downregulating SOST expression, and icaritin-induced suppression of SOST was regulated in part via the Wnt/β-catenin/ERα axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wei
- Hip Preserving Ward, No. 3 Orthopedic Region, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Chuhai Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Long Ling
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Regeneration of large bone defects using mesoporous silica coated magnetic nanoparticles during distraction osteogenesis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102040. [PMID: 31228602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) represents an effective but undesirably lengthy treatment for large bone defects. Both magnetic nanoparticles and silicon have been shown to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the key participant in bone regeneration. We herein synthesized mesoporous silica coated magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (M-MSNs) and evaluated its potential for acceleration of bone regeneration in a rat DO model. The M-MSNs exhibited good biocompatibility and remarkable capability in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro. More importantly, local injection of M-MSNs dramatically accelerated bone regeneration in a rat DO model according to the results of X-ray imaging, micro-CT, mechanical testing, histological examination, and immunochemical analysis. This study demonstrates the notable potential of M-MSNs in promoting bone regeneration during DO by enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, paving the way for clinical translation of M-MSNs in DO to repair large bone defects.
Collapse
|
13
|
Azpiazu D, Gonzalo S, Villa-Bellosta R. Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase and Vascular Calcification: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:91-95. [PMID: 30381085 PMCID: PMC6520574 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666181031141226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a pathologic phenomenon consisting of calcium phosphate crystal deposition in the vascular walls. Vascular calcification has been found to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, due to its correlation with cardiovascular events and mortality, and it has been associated with aging, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Studies of vascular calcification have focused on phosphate homeostasis, primarily on the important role of hyperphosphatemia. Moreover, vascular calcification has been associated with loss of plasma pyrophosphate, one of the main inhibitors of calcification, thus indicating the importance of the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio. Extracellular pyrophosphate can be synthesized from extracellular ATP by ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase, whereas pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed to phosphate by tissuenonspecific alkaline phosphatase, contributing to the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Over the last decade, vascular calcification has been the subject of numerous reviews and studies, which have revealed new agents and activities that may aid in explaining the complex physiology of this condition. This review summarizes current knowledge about alkaline phosphatase and its role in the process of vascular calcification as a key regulator of the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Azpiazu
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonzalo
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weng Z, Wang C, Zhang C, Xu J, Chai Y, Jia Y, Han P, Wen G. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Consolidation in a Rat Distraction Osteogenesis Model. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:320-330. [PMID: 30635673 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is used to treat specific disorders associated with growth abnormalities and/or loss of bone stock secondary to trauma or disease. However, a high rate of complications and discomfort hamper its further application in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and bone consolidation in a rat DO model. Different doses of ATRA were used to treat rBMSCs. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were assessed using CCK-8 and alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-genes (including ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN, OSX, and BMP2) and angiogenic genes (including VEGF, HIF-1, FLK-2, ANG-2, and ANG-4) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Further, we locally injected ATRA or PBS into the gap in the rat DO model every 3 days until termination. X-rays, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), mechanical testing, and immunohistochemistry stains were used to evaluate the quality of the regenerates. ATRA promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Moreover, ATRA elevated the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-genes and angiogenic genes. In the rat model, new bone properties of bone volume/total tissue volume and mechanical strength were significantly higher in the ATRA-treatment group. Micro-CT examination showed more mineralized bone after the ATRA-treatment, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated more new bone formation after ATRA-treatment than that in the PBS group. In conclusion, as a readily available and very cost effective bio-source, ATRA may be a novel therapeutic method to enhance bone consolidation in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yachao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dar UQ, Paul VI. Impact of ethanol extract of Anamirta cocculus(Linn.) seeds on tissue damage biomarkers of the predatory catfish Heteropneustes fossilis(Bloch.). JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1481339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Qadir Dar
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - V. I. Paul
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asai T, Hayashi T, Asakura M, Fujimoto K, Mieki A, Kawai T. Dextrin Promotes Proliferation of Cultured MC3T3-E1 Mouse Osteoblast-like Cells and Their Alkaline Phosphatase Activity: Implications for Potential Application of Dextrin as a Binder of Bone Filling Material. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Asai
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsuhide Hayashi
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masaki Asakura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Kotaro Fujimoto
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Akimichi Mieki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jo S, Lee JK, Han J, Lee B, Kang S, Hwang KT, Park YS, Kim TH. Identification and characterization of human bone-derived cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1257-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Xu J, Sun Y, Wu T, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lee WY, Kang Q, Chai Y, Li G. Porcine brain extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone consolidation in a rat distraction osteogenesis model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187362. [PMID: 29091962 PMCID: PMC5665543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is the gold standard to treat large bone defects, but long consolidation period is a major limitation. Innovative efforts to promote osteogenesis are needed. Porcine brain extract (PBE) was reported to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of multiple primary cells. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for collecting PBE and investigate its effects on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and bone consolidation in a rat DO model. The PBE was collected from neonatal brain tissues of porcine fetus and was used to treat rBMSCs. Following PBE treatment (700 ng/ml), osteogenic differentiation was assessed. Further, we locally injected PBE (7 μg/ml, 100μl) or PBS (100μl) into the gap in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rat DO model every three days till termination. X-rays, micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, histology and immunohischemistry examinations were used to exam the quality of the regenerates. The alkaline phosphatase, calcium deposits, and steogenic markers in the PBE treated rBMSCs were significantly increased. In the rat model, new bone properties of bone volume/total tissue volume and mechanical strength were higher in the PBE treated group. Histological analysis also confirmed more mineralized bone after PBE treatment. The current study reports a standard protocol for PBE collection and demonstrated its positive effects on osteogenic differentiation and bone consolidation in DO. Since the PBE is readily available and very cost effective, PBE may be a potential new bio-source to promote bone formation in patients undergo DO treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wayne Yukwai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (YC)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (YC)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu J, Wu T, Sun Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Lee WYW, Chai Y, Li G. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 expedites bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1215-1225. [PMID: 27431811 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) technique could be used to manage large-size bone defect successfully, but DO process usually requires long duration of bone consolidation. Innovative approaches for augmenting bone consolidation are of great need. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) has been found to suppress osteoclastogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of SEC2 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Further, we locally administrated SEC2 (10 ng/ml) or PBS into the distraction gap in Sprague-Dawley male rat DO model every 3 days till termination at 3 and 6 weeks. The regenerates were subjected to X-rays, micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, histology, and immunohischemistry examinations to assess new bone quality. SEC2 had no effect on cell viability. The calcium deposition was remarkably increased and osteogenic marker genes were significantly up-regulated in rBMSCs treated with SEC2. In rat DO model, SEC2 group had higher bone volume/total tissue volume in the regenerates. At 6 weeks, mechanical properties were significantly higher in SEC2-treated tibiae comparing to the control group. Histological analysis confirmed that the new bone had improved quality in SEC2 treated group, where the osteocalcin and osterix expression in the regenerates was up-regulated, indicating faster bone formation. The current study demonstrated that SEC2 local injection promotes osteogenesis and enhanced bone consolidation in DO. The findings support application of SEC2 as a potential novel strategy to expedite bone consolidation in patients undergoing DO treatment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1215-1225, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu J, Wang B, Sun Y, Wu T, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lee WY, Pan X, Chai Y, Li G. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cell secretome enhances bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:134. [PMID: 27612565 PMCID: PMC5018171 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is one of the most dramatic reconstructive techniques for inducing bone regeneration, but it involves an undesirably long period for bone consolidation. Developing innovative approaches to enhance bone consolidation is a burning need. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hFMSCs) have been shown to express more primitive developmental genes than those of human adult mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), which is a preferable source for cell therapy and tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity of using the human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome on rat cells, the effects of secretome on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBMSCs), and the potential application of hFMSC secretome in promoting bone consolidation in a rat DO model. METHODS Secretome was collected from MSC culture and was used to treat rBMSCs. Following secretome treatment, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, and mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes (including ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN, and Osx) in the rBMSCs were checked, as well as mixed rat peripheral blood lymphocyte reaction. hFMSC secretome was injected locally into the regenerates from the end of lengthening every 3 days in the rat DO model, until termination. The regenerates were subject to weekly x-rays, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and mechanical testing examination. The bone quality was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry examinations. RESULTS Compared to the secretome from rBMSCs and hAMSCs, hFMSC secretome had the best osteogenic induction ability and low immunogenicity. hFMSC secretome with different doses showed no effect on cell viability. hFMSC secretome at the dose of 100 μg/μl could significantly increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase and all the osteogenic marker genes, as well as the amount of calcium deposits in the rBMSCs. Finally, the local application of hFMSC secretome in distraction regenerates in a rat DO model significantly improved bone consolidation according to the results of μCT, mechanical test, and histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that hFMSC secretome promotes osteogenesis of rBMSCs and bone consolidation during DO. hFMSC secretome may be a new therapeutic strategy to enhance bone consolidation in patients undergoing DO treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Yukwai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kong X, Li X, Zhang C, Zhu L, Wan H, Zhu J, Liu C, Su H, Qin Q, Chen W, Lin N. Aqueous Fraction of Huogu Formula Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Through the BMP and Wnt Signaling Pathways. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:509-520. [PMID: 27097330 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that Huogu (HG) formula was effective both in clinic experience and in experimental osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Given that defective of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to the development of osteonecrosis and MSCs show enormous potential in the treatment of ONFH, especially to aging people. How HG impacts the differentiation of MSCs and what is the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found that an aqueous fraction of HG (HGA) significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodules, and migration of MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HGA could enhance the mRNA and protein expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alp, Bmp2, osteocalcin (Ocn), and Osterix (Osx). Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that HGA treatment obviously increased expression, secretion, and activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and β-catenin, two key regulators of the BMP or Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs could be blocked by using pharmacological inhibitors for these signaling pathways such as Noggin and Dkk-1. Besides, HGA could inhibit adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Our study reveals that HGA promotes the osteogenesis of MSCs via the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of HG in treating ONFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Kong
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- 2 Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China .,3 Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Beijing, China
| | - Hongye Wan
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- 4 Wangjing Hospital , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiling Liu
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchang Su
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxia Qin
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Chen
- 4 Wangjing Hospital , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Amentoflavone enhances osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. J Nat Med 2016; 70:634-44. [PMID: 27106512 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amentoflavone is a bioflavonoid found in a variety of traditional Chinese medicines such as Gingko and Selaginella tamariscina. It has been reported that amentoflavone has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer effects. However, the effect of amentoflavone on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has not been studied. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of amentoflavone on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The results showed that amentoflavone significantly enhanced the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in hMSCs. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix proteins was upregulated in amentoflavone-treated hMSCs. Furthermore, we investigated the possible signaling pathways responsible for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by amentoflavone. We found that amentoflavone significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated JNK and p-p38. The amentoflavone-induced increases of ALP and mineralization were significantly diminished when the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways were blocked by selected inhibitors (SP600125, SB203580) in hMSCs. Furthermore, in vivo evidence indicated that amentoflavone protected against the dexamethasone-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in tg(sp7:egfp) zebrafish larvae. Thus, we showed for the first time that amentoflavone improves the osteogenesis of hMSCs through the JNK and p38 MAPK pathway. Amentoflavone may be beneficial in treating bone-related disorders.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sika Deer Antler Collagen Type I-Accelerated Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Smad Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2109204. [PMID: 27066099 PMCID: PMC4809101 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deer antler preparations have been used to strengthen bones for centuries. It is particularly rich in collagen type I. This study aimed to unravel part of the purported bioremedial effect of Sika deer antler collagen type I (SDA-Col I) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results suggest that SDA-Col I might be used to promote and regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. SDA-Col I might potentially provide the basis for novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of bone injury and/or in scaffolds for bone replacement strategies. Finally, isolation of SDA-Col I from deer antler represents a renewable, green, and uncomplicated way to obtain a biomedically valuable therapeutic.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen E, Xue D, Zhang W, Lin F, Pan Z. Extracellular heat shock protein 70 promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the ERK signaling pathway. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:4088-96. [PMID: 26608032 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins have protective effects when cells are exposed to stress. However, the relationship between extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) and osteogenesis of hMSCs has not been reported. The results of this study showed that HSP70 (200 ng/ml) increases alkaline phosphatase activity and promotes hMSC mineralization. Under osteogenic induction conditions, HSP70 significantly upregulated the expression of osteo-specific genes, such as the runt family transcription factor Runx2 and osterix (OSX). Comparative expression profiling by microarray and pathway analyses revealed that HSP70 promotes osteogenesis of hMSCs through activation of the ERK signaling pathway. HSP70 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of bone nonunion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Choi H, Kim TH, Yun CY, Kim JW, Cho ES. Testicular acid phosphatase induces odontoblast differentiation and mineralization. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:95-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
26
|
Zheng MZ, Lee SY, Yu SJ, Kim BO. Effect of Cornus officinalis extract on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
27
|
mir-21 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells accelerate fracture healing in a rat closed femur fracture model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412327. [PMID: 25879024 PMCID: PMC4386680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in numerous biological processes. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that microRNAs play important roles in osteogenesis and skeletal homeostasis. Recent studies indicated the significant regulation function of mir-21 in osteogenesis in vitro, but little information is known about its veritable functions in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mir-21 intervention on osteogenic differentiation of rats bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and repair capacity in rats closed femur fracture model with internal fixation. The results showed that the upregulation of mir-21 not only increased the expression of osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase in rBMSCs but also promoted mineralization in the condition of osteogenic induction. Furthermore, the bone healing properties were also improved in fracture healing model according to the results of micro-CT, mechanical test, and histological analysis. The current study confirms that the overexpression of mir-21 could promote osteogenesis and accelerate bone fracture healing, which may contribute to a new therapeutic way for fracture repair.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou C, Zhang X, Xu L, Wu T, Cui L, Xu D. Taurine promotes human mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblast through the ERK pathway. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1673-80. [PMID: 24677149 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Taurine has been reported to influence bone metabolism, but the role of taurine on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of taurine on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The results showed that taurine increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules in hMSCs induced by osteogenic induced medium. Meanwhile, RT-PCR analysis showed that taurine up-regulated the mRNA expression of ALP, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, taurine induced activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 abolished the taurine-induced osteogenesis of hMSCs. Taken together, our study reveals that taurine promotes the osteogenesis of hMSCs by activating the ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salvianolic acid B promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells through activating ERK signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:1-9. [PMID: 24657587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B, a major bioactive component of Chinese medicine herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza, is widely used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Our recent studies have shown that Salvianolic acid B can prevent development of osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clarified clearly. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of Salvianolic acid B on viability and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The results showed Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) had no obvious toxic effects on hMSCs, whereas Sal B supplementation (5μM) increased the alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, Runx2 and osterix expression in hMSCs. Under osteogenic induction condition, Sal B (5μM) significantly promoted mineralization; and when the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases signaling (ERK) pathway was blocked, the anabolic effects of Sal B were diminished, indicating that Sal B promoted osteogenesis of hMSCs through activating ERK signaling pathway. The current study confirms that Sal B promotes osteogenesis of hMSCs with no cytotoxicity, and it may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Feric N, Cheng CCH, Goh MC, Dudnyk V, Di Tizio V, Radisic M. Angiopoietin-1 peptide QHREDGS promotes osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix deposition and mineralization on biomedical materials. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1384-1398. [PMID: 25485104 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss occurs as a consequence of a variety of diseases as well as from traumatic injuries, and often requires therapeutic intervention. Strategies for repairing and replacing damaged and/or lost bone tissue include the use of biomaterials and medical implant devices with and without osteoinductive coatings. The soluble growth factor angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has been found to promote cell adhesion and survival in a range of cell types including cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts through an integrin-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, the short sequence QHREDGS has been identified as the integrin-binding sequence of Ang-1 and as a synthetic peptide has been found to possess similar integrin-dependent effects as Ang-1 in the aforementioned cell types. Integrins have been implicated in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization, processes critical to bone regeneration. By binding integrins on the osteoblast surface, QHREDGS could promote cell survival and adhesion, as well as conceivably osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Here we immobilized QHREDGS onto polyacrylate (PA)-coated titanium (Ti) plates and polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels. The osteoblast differentiation marker, alkaline phosphatase, peaked in activity 4-12 days earlier on the QHREDGS-immobilized PA-coated Ti plates than on the unimmobilized, DGQESHR (scrambled)- and RGDS-immobilized surfaces. Significantly more bone matrix was deposited on the QHREDGS-immobilized Ti surface than on the other surfaces as determined by atomic force microscopy. The QHREDGS-immobilized hydrogels also had a significantly higher mineral-to-matrix (M/M) ratio determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Alizarin Red S and von Kossa staining and quantification, and environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that while both the QHREDGS- and RGDS-immobilized surfaces had extensive mineralization relative to the unimmobilized and DGQESHR-immobilized surfaces, the mineralization was more considerable on the QHREDGS-immobilized surface, both with and without the induction of osteoblast differentiation. Finally, treatment of cell monolayers with soluble QHREDGS was demonstrated to upregulate osteogenic gene expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the QHREDGS peptide is osteoinductive, inducing osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix deposition and mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Calvin C H Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - M Cynthia Goh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada ; Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | | | - Val Di Tizio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9 Canada ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sternberg RA, Pondenis HC, Yang X, Mitchell MA, O'Brien RT, Garrett LD, Helferich WG, Hoffmann WE, Fan TM. Association between absolute tumor burden and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:955-63. [PMID: 23734720 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA), increased pretreatment serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity is a negative prognostic factor, associated with shorter disease-free intervals and survival times, but a biologic basis for observed differential serum BALP activities in canine OSA patients remains incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE Serum BALP activity will correlate with absolute tumor burden in dogs with OSA. ANIMALS This study included 96 client-owned dogs with appendicular OSA. METHODS In canine OSA cell lines, the expression and membranous release of BALP was evaluated in vitro. The correlation between serum BALP activity and radiographic primary tumor size was evaluated in OSA-bearing dogs. In dogs developing visceral OSA metastases, serial changes in serum BALP activities were evaluated in relation to progression of macroscopic metastases, and visceral metastatic OSA cells were evaluated for BALP expression. RESULTS In vitro, BALP expression was not associated with either tumorigenic or metastatic phenotype, rather the quantity of membranous BALP released was proportional with cell density. In dogs devoid of macroscopic metastases, there was a positive correlation between serum BALP activity and absolute primary tumor size. In dogs with progressive OSA metastases, serum BALP activity increased and coincided with the development of macroscopic metastases. OSA cells derived from visceral metastatic lesions retained BALP expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Tumor burden is a determinant of serum BALP activity in dogs with appendicular OSA. The association between increased pretreatment BALP activity and negative clinical prognosis may simply be attributed to greater initial tumor burden, and consequently more advanced tumor stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Sternberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-4714, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tripuwabhrut P, Mustafa M, Gjerde CG, Brudvik P, Mustafa K. Effect of compressive force on human osteoblast-like cells and bone remodelling: an in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:826-36. [PMID: 23583016 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous compressive force (CF) on expression by human alveolar bone-derived osteoblasts (HOBs) of some specific molecules involved in bone remodelling. DESIGN HOBs were cultured with or without CF (control, 2.0, 4.0gcm(-2)) for 1, 3 and 7 days. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col I), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), transcription factor Runx2, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was analysed by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or immunostaining. RESULTS The results revealed that CF upregulated ALP and Col I expression at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels but did not affect expression of OPN and OCN mRNA. Runx2 mRNA was inhibited by CF, which also altered the expression of molecules involved in osteoclastogenesis, by enhancing RANKL expression and suppressing OPG expression. At 4.0gcm(-2) of CF, the expression of RANKL and PGE2 was significantly upregulated. CONCLUSION The results suggest that initial application of CF on HOBs can simultaneously affect expression of markers related to both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polbhat Tripuwabhrut
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arzate H, Alvarez-Pérez MA, Aguilar-Mendoza ME, Alvarer-Fregoso O, Arzate DH. Human cementum tumor cells have different features from human osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Golub EE. Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1592-8. [PMID: 19786074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been debated and remains controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies spanning the whole history of matrix vesicles, but emphasizes recent findings and several hypotheses which have been recently introduced to explain in greater detail how matrix vesicles function in biomineralization. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is now generally accepted that matrix vesicles have some role(s) in mineralization; that they are the initial site of mineral formation; that MV bud from the plasma membrane of mineral forming cells, but that they take with them only a subset of the materials found in the parent membrane; that the three proteins, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase and annexin V have important roles in the process and that matrix vesicles participate in regulating the concentration of PPi in the matrix. In contrast, many open questions remain to be answered. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization will increase our knowledge of this important process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis E Golub
- Biochemistry Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism that features rickets or osteomalacia caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) within the gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). Consequently, natural substrates for this ectoenzyme accumulate extracellulary including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a co-factor form of vitamin B6. Babies with the infantile form of HPP often die with severe rickets and sometimes hypercalcemia and vitamin B6-dependent seizures. There is no established medical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human TNALP was bioengineered with the C terminus extended by the Fc region of human IgG for one-step purification and a deca-aspartate sequence (D10) for targeting to mineralizing tissue (sALP-FcD10). TNALP-null mice (Akp2-/-), an excellent model for infantile HPP, were treated from birth using sALP-FcD10. Short-term and long-term efficacy studies consisted of once daily subcutaneous injections of 1, 2, or 8.2 mg/kg sALP-FcD10 for 15, 19, and 15 or 52 days, respectively. We assessed survival and growth rates, circulating levels of sALP-FcD10 activity, calcium, PPi, and pyridoxal, as well as skeletal and dental manifestations using radiography, microCT, and histomorphometry. RESULTS Akp2-/- mice receiving high-dose sALP-FcD10 grew normally and appeared well without skeletal or dental disease or epilepsy. Plasma calcium, PPi, and pyridoxal concentrations remained in their normal ranges. We found no evidence of significant skeletal or dental disease. CONCLUSIONS Enzyme replacement using a bone-targeted, recombinant form of human TNALP prevents infantile HPP in Akp2-/- mice.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Ganno T, Yamada S, Ohara N, Matsunaga T, Yanagiguchi K, Ikeda T, Ishizaki H, Hayashi Y. Early gene expression analyzed by cDNA microarray and real-time PCR in osteoblasts cultured with chitosan monomer. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:188-94. [PMID: 17269148 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has a variety of biological activities. Although it has been reported that chitosan promotes osteogenesis in bone lesions, little is known about how it modulates the hard tissue forming cells at the gene level. This study focused on gene expressions in osteoblasts cultured with a super-low concentration of chitosan monomer. cDNA probes were synthesized from isolated RNA and labeled with fluorescent dye. They were hybridized with Human 3.8 II cDNA microarray, and the fluorescent signal was analyzed. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 10 genes concerning to various signaling-related molecules were expressed at > or =2.0-fold higher signal ratio levels in the experimental group when compared with the control group after 3 days. Real-time PCR analysis showed that chitosan monomer induced an increase in the expression of four signal transduction genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)K3, MAPKKK11, Rac1 and Shc1, together with the alkaline phosphatase gene. These results suggest that a super-low concentration of chitosan monomer could modulate the activity of osteoblastic cells through mRNA levels and that chitosan monomer directly affects signal transduction inside cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ganno
- Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Simão AMS, Beloti MM, Cezarino RM, Rosa AL, Pizauro JM, Ciancaglini P. Membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from ectopic mineralization and rat bone marrow cell culture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 146:679-87. [PMID: 16798036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells from rat bone marrow exhibit the proliferation-differentiation sequence of osteoblasts, form mineralized extracellular matrix in vitro and release alkaline phosphatase into the medium. Membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase was obtained by method that is easy to reproduce, simpler and fast when compared with the method used to obtain the enzyme from rat osseous plate. The membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from cultures of rat bone marrow cells has a MW(r) of about 120 kDa and specific PNPP activity of 1200 U/mg. The ecto-enzyme is anchored to the plasma membrane by the GPI anchor and can be released by PIPLC (selective treatment) or polidocanol (0.2 mg/mL protein and 1% (w/v) detergent). The apparent optimum pH for PNPP hydrolysis by the enzyme was pH 10. This fraction hydrolyzes ATP (240 U/mg), ADP (350 U/mg), glucose 1-phosphate (1100 U/mg), glucose 6-phosphate (340 U/mg), fructose 6-phosphate (460 U/mg), pyrophosphate (330 U/mg) and beta-glycerophosphate (600 U/mg). Cooperative effects were observed for the hydrolysis of PPi and beta-glycerophosphate. PNPPase activity was inhibited by 0.1 mM vanadate (46%), 0.1 mM ZnCl2 (68%), 1 mM levamisole (66%), 1 mM arsenate (44%), 10 mM phosphate (21%) and 1 mM theophylline (72%). We report the biochemical characterization of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase obtained from rat bone marrow cells cultures, using a method that is simple, rapid and easy to reproduce. Its properties are compared with those of rat osseous plate enzyme and revealed that the alkaline phosphatase obtained has some kinetics and structural behaviors with higher levels of enzymatic activity, facilitating the comprehension of the mineralization process and its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S Simão
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP-USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Damek-Poprawa M, Golub E, Otis L, Harrison G, Phillips C, Boesze-Battaglia K. Chondrocytes utilize a cholesterol-dependent lipid translocator to externalize phosphatidylserine. Biochemistry 2006; 45:3325-36. [PMID: 16519527 PMCID: PMC4732727 DOI: 10.1021/bi0515927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During endochondral ossification, growth plate chondrocytes release plasma membrane (PM) derived matrix vesicles (MV), which are the site of initial hydroxyapatite crystal formation. MV constituents which facilitate the mineralization process include the integral membrane ectoenzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (NPP1/PC-1), along with a phosphatidylserine- (PS-) rich membrane surface that binds annexins and calcium, resulting in enhanced calcium entry into MV. In this study, we determined that chick growth plate MV were highly enriched in membrane raft microdomains containing high levels of cholesterol, glycophosphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchored ALPase, and phosphatidylserine (PS) localized to the external leaflet of the bilayer. To determine how such membrane microdomains arise during chondrocyte maturation, we explored the role of PM cholesterol-dependent lipid assemblies in regulating the activities of lipid translocators involved in the externalization of PS. We first isolated and determined the composition of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from chondrocyte PM. DRMs isolated from chondrocyte PM were enhanced in ganglioside 1 (GM1) and cholesterol as well as GPI-anchored ALPase. Furthermore, these membrane domains were enriched in PS (localized to the external leaflet of the bilayer) and had significantly higher ALPase activity than non-cholesterol-enriched domains. To understand the role of cholesterol-dependent lipid assemblies in the externalization of PS, we measured the activities of two lipid transporters involved in PS externalization, aminophospholipid translocase (APLT) and phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR1), during maturation of a murine chondrocytic cell line, N1511. In this report, we provide the first evidence that maturing chondrocytes express PLSCR1 and have scramblase activity. We propose that redistribution of PS is dependent on an increase in phospholipid scramblase activity and a decrease in APLT activity. Lastly, we show that translocator activity is most likely to be modulated by membrane cholesterol levels through a membrane raft microdomain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Damek-Poprawa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ellis Golub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Linda Otis
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Gerald Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christine Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Address correspondence to this author. Phone: 215-898-9167. Fax: 215-898-3695.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ratisoontorn C, Seto ML, Broughton KM, Cunningham ML. In vitro differentiation profile of osteoblasts derived from patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Bone 2005; 36:627-34. [PMID: 15781003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Seathre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome, associated with loss-of-function mutations in the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, TWIST1. The biologic activity of TWIST1 has been implicated in the inhibition of differentiation of multiple cell lineages. Therefore, premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) in SCS may be mediated by altered differentiation of calvarial osteoblasts. In this study, we evaluated osteoblasts derived from calvarial bone of three patients with SCS and three unaffected individuals as controls to investigate the principle stages of osteoblast differentiation: (1) proliferation, (2) matrix maturation, and (3) mineralization. Using a BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry assay, we found that the percent of proliferating cells was significantly reduced in cells derived from patients with SCS compared with those derived from controls (P < or = 0.05). In the matrix maturation stage, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and the expression of extracellular matrix genes, collagen I alpha 2 (COL1A2), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), and the runt-related transcription factor RUNX2 were examined by enzymatic assay and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. We identified no significant differences in the expression of matrix related transcripts. However, we found significant reductions in ALP activity on days 3 and 7 and in RUNX2 expression on days 14 and 21 (P < or = 0.05). Quantitative alizarin red S mineralization assays showed a trend toward increased mineralization in osteoblasts derived from patients with SCS at days 21 and 28, although not statistically significant. Our results demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations of TWIST1 led to reduced proliferation regardless of the functional domain affected. We did not find any conclusive differences in matrix maturation or mineralization in these primary osteoblasts. It is plausible that mutations in different functional domains of TWIST1 have divergent effects on these later stages of differentiation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang W, Xu J, Du B, Kirsch T. Role of the progressive ankylosis gene (ank) in cartilage mineralization. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:312-23. [PMID: 15601852 PMCID: PMC538760 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.1.312-323.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization of growth plate cartilage is a critical event during endochondral bone formation, which allows replacement of cartilage by bone. Ankylosis protein (Ank), which transports intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)) to the extracellular milieu, is expressed by hypertrophic and, especially highly, by terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes. Blocking Ank transport activity or ank expression in terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes led to increases of intra- and extracellular PP(i) concentrations, decreases of alkaline phosphatase (APase) expression and activity, and inhibition of mineralization, whereas treatment of these cells with the APase inhibitor levamisole led to an increase of extracellular PP(i) concentration and inhibition of mineralization. Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic nonmineralizing growth plate chondrocytes showed decreased intra- and extracellular PP(i) levels; increased mineralization-related gene expression of APase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin; increased APase activity; and mineralization. Treatment of Ank-expressing growth plate chondrocytes with a phosphate transport blocker (phosphonoformic acid [PFA]) inhibited uptake of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and gene expression of the type III Na(+)/P(i) cotransporters Pit-1 and Pit-2. Furthermore, PFA or levamisole treatment of Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic chondrocytes inhibited APase expression and activity and subsequent mineralization. In conclusion, increased Ank activity results in elevated intracellular PP(i) transport to the extracellular milieu, initial hydrolysis of PP(i) to P(i), P(i)-mediated upregulation of APase gene expression and activity, further hydrolysis and removal of the mineralization inhibitor PP(i), and subsequent mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mineralization often occurs in areas of apoptotic changes. Our findings indicate that physiological mineralization is mediated by matrix vesicles. These matrix vesicles use mechanisms to induce mineralization that are different from the mechanisms used by apoptotic bodies released from apoptotic cells. Therefore, different therapeutic approaches must be chosen to inhibit pathological mineralization depending on the mechanism of mineralization (matrix vesicles versus apoptotic bodies). INTRODUCTION Physiological mineralization in growth plate cartilage is restricted to regions of terminally differentiated and apoptotic chondrocytes. Pathological mineralization of tissues also often occurs in areas of apoptosis. We addressed the question of whether apoptotic changes control mineralization events or whether both events are regulated independently. METHODS To induce mineralization, we treated growth plate chondrocytes with retinoic acid (RA); apoptosis in these cells was induced by treatment with staurosporine, anti-Fas, or TNFalpha. The degrees of mineralization and apoptosis were determined, and the structure and function of matrix vesicles and apoptotic bodies were compared. RESULTS Release of matrix vesicles and mineralization in vivo in the growth plate occurs earlier than do apoptotic changes. To determine the functional relationship between apoptotic bodies and matrix vesicles, growth plate chondrocytes were treated with RA to induce matrix vesicle release and with staurosporine to induce release of apoptotic bodies. After 3 days, approximately 90% of staurosporine-treated chondrocytes were apoptotic, whereas only 2-4% of RA-treated cells showed apoptotic changes. RA- and staurosporine-treated chondrocyte cultures were mineralized after 3 days. Matrix vesicles isolated from RA-treated cultures and apoptotic bodies isolated from staurosporine-treated cultures were associated with calcium and phosphate. However, matrix vesicles were bigger than apoptotic bodies. Furthermore, matrix vesicles but not apoptotic bodies contained alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+ channel-forming annexins II, V, and VI. Consequently, matrix vesicles but not apoptotic bodies were able to take up Ca2+ and form the first mineral phase inside their lumen. Mineralization of RA-treated cultures was inhibited by antibodies specific for annexin V but not mineralization of staurosporine-treated cultures. CONCLUSION Physiological mineralization of growth plate chondrocytes is initiated by specialized matrix vesicles and requires alkaline phosphatase and annexins. In contrast, mineral formation mediated by apoptotic bodies occurs by a default mechanism and does not require alkaline phosphatase and annexins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kirsch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Laboratories, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hamade E, Azzar G, Radisson J, Buchet R, Roux B. Chick embryo anchored alkaline phosphatase and mineralization process in vitro. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:2082-90. [PMID: 12709068 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone alkaline phosphatase with glycolipid anchor (GPI-bALP) from chick embryo femurs in a medium without exogenous inorganic phosphate, but containing calcium and GPI-bALP substrates, served as in vitro model of mineral formation. The mineralization process was initiated by the formation of inorganic phosphate, arising from the hydrolysis of a substrate by GPI-bALP. Several mineralization media containing different substrates were analysed after an incubation time ranging from 1.5 h to 144 h. The measurements of Ca/Pi ratio and infrared spectra permitted us to follow the presence of amorphous and noncrystalline structures, while the analysis of X-ray diffraction data allowed us to obtain the stoichiometry of crystals. The hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate by GPI-bALP produced hydroxyapatite in a manner similar to that of beta-glycerophosphate. Several distinct steps in the mineral formation were observed. Amorphous calcium phosphate was present at the onset of the mineral formation, then poorly formed hydroxyapatite crystalline structures were observed, followed by the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals after 6-12 h incubation time. However, the hydrolysis of either ATP or ADP, catalysed by GPI-bALP in calcium-containing medium, did not lead to the formation of any hydroxyapatite crystals, even after 144 h incubation time, when hydrolysis of both nucleotides was completed. In contrast, the hydrolysis of AMP by GPI-bALP led to the appearance of hydroxyapatite crystals after 12 h incubation time. The hydroxyapatite formation depends not only on the ability of GPI-bALP to hydrolyze the organic phosphate but also on the nature of substrates affecting the nucleation process or producing inhibitors of the mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hamade
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Biologique, UMR CNRS 5013, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ierardi DF, Pizauro JM, Ciancaglini P. Erythrocyte ghost cell-alkaline phosphatase: construction and characterization of a vesicular system for use in biomineralization studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1567:183-92. [PMID: 12488052 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase is required for the mineralization of bone and cartilage. This enzyme is localized in the matrix vesicle, which plays a role key in calcifying cartilage. In this paper we standardize a method to construction a resealed ghost cell-alkaline phosphatase system to mimic matrix vesicles and examine the kinetic behavior of the incorporated enzyme. Polidocanol-solubilized alkaline phosphatase, free of detergent, was incorporated into resealed ghost cells. This process was time-dependent and practically 50% of the enzyme was incorporated into the vesicles in 40 h of incubation, at 25 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase-ghost cell systems were relatively homogeneous with diameters of about 300 nm and were more stable when stored at -20 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase was completely released from the resealed ghost cell-system using only phospholipase C. These experiments confirm that the interaction between alkaline phosphatase and the lipid bilayer of resealed ghost cell is exclusively via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the enzyme. An important point shown is that an enzyme bound to resealed ghost cell does not lose the ability to hydrolyze ATP, pyrophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), but the presence of a ghost membrane, as a support of the enzyme, affects its kinetic properties. Moreover, calcium ions stimulate and phosphate ions inhibit the PNPPase activity of alkaline phosphatase present in resealed ghost cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Ierardi
- Departamento de Qui;mica, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida Bandeirantes 3.900, 14040-901 SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Camolezi FL, Daghastanli KRP, Magalhães PP, Pizauro JM, Ciancaglini P. Construction of an alkaline phosphatase-liposome system: a tool for biomineralization study. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:1091-101. [PMID: 12009304 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase is required for the mineralization of bone and cartilage. This enzyme is localized in the matrix vesicle, which plays a role key in calcifying cartilage. In this paper, we standardize a method for construction an alkaline phosphatase liposome system to mimic matrix vesicles and examine a some kinetic behavior of the incorporated enzyme. Polidocanol-solubilized alkaline phosphatase, free of detergent, was incorporated into liposomes constituted from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dilaurilphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). This process was time-dependent and >95% of the enzyme was incorporated into the liposome after 4h of incubation at 25 degrees C. Although, incorporation was more rapid when vesicles constituted from DPPC were used, the incorporation was more efficient using vesicles constituted from DMPC. The 395nm diameter of the alkaline phosphatase-liposome system was relatively homogeneous and more stable when stored at 4 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase was completely released from liposome system only using purified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC). These experiments confirm that the interaction between alkaline phosphatase and lipid bilayer of liposome is via GPI anchor of the enzyme, alone. An important point shown is that an enzyme bound to liposome does not lose the ability to hydrolyze ATP, pyrophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), but a liposome environment affects its kinetic properties, specifically for pyrophosphate. The standardization of such system allows the study of the effect of phospholipids and the enzyme in in vitro and in vivo mineralization, since it reproduces many essential features of the matrix vesicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L Camolezi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP-USP, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Filmon R, Grizon F, Baslé MF, Chappaard D. Effects of negatively charged groups (carboxymethyl) on the calcification of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Biomaterials 2002; 23:3053-9. [PMID: 12069348 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) has potentially wide biomedical applications: it is biocompatible, allows immobilization of cells or bioactive molecules and has a hardness comparable to bone. We previously reported that immobilization of alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in pHEMA can initiate mineralization in a manner that mimics the calcification of cartilage and woven bone. Because numerous proteins known to initiate mineralization possess acidic species, we have modified the neutral electrical surface of pHEMA by carboxymethylation (CM). We have studied the effects of these negative groups on the calcification process in vitro. Calibrated pellets of pHEMA were prepared and carboxymethylated by soaking with 0.5 M bromoacetic acid in 2 M NaOH. Pellets of pHEMA, pHEMA-AlkP and pHEMA-CM were incubated during 5, 10 and 15 days in two types of body fluid: normal (1X) and 1.5X concentration of ions. Nodules of hydroxyapatite developed on pHEMA-AlkP and pHEMA-CM but not on pHEMA. Hydroxyapatite crystals were dissolved in HCl allowing calcium to be dosed. CM significantly increased the amount of deposited Ca by 1.8 folds in the 1X fluid and 15.8 folds in the 1.5X fluid. The presence of AlkP considerably increased the amount of deposited Ca: 25.9 folds in 1X and 23.3 in 1.5X. ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells were seeded on the materials and examined by confocal microscopy after phalloidin staining. Cells grown on pHEMA alone appeared round, while cells grown on the crystals deposited on the pHEMA-CM or pHEMA-AlkP were flattened. The presence of AlkP favours the mineralization process more than the existence of surface negative groups on the polymer. Cells preferentially adhere to the polymer when hydroxyapatite crystals were developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Filmon
- LHEA-GEROM, Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine & CHU d'Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sugawara Y, Suzuki K, Koshikawa M, Ando M, Iida J. Necessity of enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase for mineralization of osteoblastic cells. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 88:262-9. [PMID: 11949880 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.88.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is supposed to be important for bone formation; however, its role is not clear. In this study, we examined the importance of enzymatic activity of ALP and anchoring of ALP protein to the cells for mineralization of an osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1. While we cultured the cells in the presence of tetramisole, an inhibitor of ALP activity, ALP protein was expressed at a similar level to that in the control. Although tetramisole showed no effect on cell growth and increased hydroxyproline accumulation, it decreased the osteocalcin production and the accumulation of calcium and phosphate in the matrices. Tetramisole also inhibited mineralized nodule formation, which was observed by optical microscopy and detected by Von Kossa staining. On the other hand, when ALP protein was released from the cell membranes with the use of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, no marked changes were detected in hydroxyproline, calcium and phosphate accumulations in the matrices at late calcification stage, which was consistent with the morphological findings. These results clearly show that enzymatic activity of ALP is necessary for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, but not the presence of ALP protein or anchoring of ALP to the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugawara
- Department of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Filmon R, Baslé MF, Atmani H, Chappard D. Adherence of osteoblast-like cells on calcospherites developed on a biomaterial combining poly(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate and alkaline phosphatase. Bone 2002; 30:152-8. [PMID: 11792578 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The polymer poly(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (pHEMA) can copolymerize with alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) to form a hybrid material. The enzyme retains its biological activity and forms hydroxyapatite nodules (calcospherites) when polymer pellets are incubated with a synthetic body fluid. Osteoblast-like cells (ROS 17/2.8) were seeded on pellets of pHEMA and pHEMA-AlkP on which calcospherites were grown. They were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with backscattered electron imaging. Cell surface and shape were measured by image analysis combining the SEM images. Cells grown on pHEMA-AlkP had an increased surface area (449 +/- 216 microm(2) vs. 204 +/- 80 microm(2)). The number of filopodia anchoring the cells on the free polymer surface was reduced on pHEMA-AlkP, but numerous thick pseudopodia permitted a direct anchorage on the calcospherites. Pseudopodia were wider and longer than the filopodia. The backscattered images revealed that each cell was seated on 7.1 +/- 1.5 calcospherites and partially covered 10.3 +/- 1.9 others. Antifibronectin and anti-bone sialoprotein antibodies were used to investigate cell attachment. With confocal microscopy, both molecules were located at the interface between the cells and the mineral, inside the cells, and as free molecules on the calcospherites. Immunogold labeling was done with the same antibodies and examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adsorption of fibronectin and bone sialoprotein was noticeable at the cell/calcospherite interface and on the surface of the hydroxyapatite crystals. Immunogold studies revealed adhesion proteins (bone sialoprotein, fibronectin) to be present at the surface of crystals and at focal points of cell contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Filmon
- LHEA-GEROM Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Filmon R, Baslé MF, Barbier A, Chappard D. Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)-alkaline phosphatase: a composite biomaterial allowing in vitro studies of bisphosphonates on the mineralization process. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2001; 11:849-68. [PMID: 11211096 DOI: 10.1163/156856200744057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have immobilized the mineralizing agent alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in a hydrophilic polymer: poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) - (pHEMA) - in a copolymerization technique. Histochemical study on polymer sections revealed that AlkP has retained its enzymic activity. The image analysis of sections using a tessellation method showed a lognormal distribution of the area of the tiles surrounding AlkP particles, thus confirming a homogeneous distribution of the enzyme in the polymer. Pellets of pHEMA-AlkP were incubated with a synthetic body fluid containing organic phosphates (beta-glycerophosphate). Mineral deposits with a rounded shape (calcospherites) were obtained in about 17 days. We have investigated the effects of three bisphosphonic pharmacological compounds (etidronate, alendronate and tiludronate) on this system which mimics the mineralization process of cartilage and woven bone. Bisphosphonates at a concentration of 10(-2) M totally inhibited AlkP in solution at a concentration of 10(-4) mg/ml. Inhibition has been reported being due to the chelation of a metal cofactor (Zn2+). Etidronate and alendronate appeared to similarly inhibit the calcospherite deposition onto the pHEMA-AlkP material. Both bisphosphonates possess three sites for the mineral complexion by Ca chemisorbtion. On the other hand, tiludronate having only two sites, was associated with a reduced inhibitory effect on mineralization but larger crystals were obtained. The pHEMA-AlkP material contains an immobilized enzyme in a hydrogel and mimics the physiological conditions of matrix vesicles entrapped within the cartilage (or bone) matrix. It provides an interesting method to study the effects of pharmacological compounds on the mineralization process in bone and cartilage in a non cellular and protein-free model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Filmon
- LHEA - Laboratoire d 'Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médicine & CHU d'Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cunanan CM, Cabiling CM, Dinh TT, Shen SH, Tran-Hata P, Rutledge JH, Fishbein MC. Tissue characterization and calcification potential of commercial bioprosthetic heart valves. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:S417-21. [PMID: 11388239 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue properties may contribute to intrinsic calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves. Phospholipids have been proposed as potential nucleation sites for calcification. Other tissue properties might also be important in calcification. METHODS Commercial and control bioprosthetic valve tissues were characterized by shrinkage temperature, moisture content, free amine content, phospholipid content, and calcification level after 90-day rat subcutaneous implantation as described. RESULTS Shrinkage temperature, moisture content, and free amine content were typical for glutaraldehyde-cross-linked tissues. Phospholipid and calcium levels varied considerably among valve types. There was a significant correlation between phospholipid levels and calcification (r = 0.63, p = 0.04). Sulzer Carbomedics Mitroflow and Toronto SPV valve tissues had significantly more calcification than other commercial bioprostheses in this study (p < 0.01). Carpentier-Edwards Duraflex, CE SAV, and CE PERIMOUNT valve tissues had significantly less calcification than Medtronic Mosaic in this animal model (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Processes that reduce phospholipid levels are associated with reduced calcification in the rat subcutaneous model. Significant differences in calcification level were found among commercially available valves. The clinical significance of these results is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Cunanan
- Heart Valve Therapy Research, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California 92614, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|