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Gupta A, Mehta SK, Kumar A, Singh S. Advent of phytobiologics and nano-interventions for bone remodeling: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:142-169. [PMID: 34957903 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism constitutes the intricate processes of matrix deposition, mineralization, and resorption. Any imbalance in these processes leads to traumatic bone injuries and serious disease conditions. Therefore, bone remodeling plays a crucial role during the regeneration process maintaining the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Currently, numerous phytobiologics are emerging as the new therapeutics for the treatment of bone-related complications overcoming the synthetic drug-based side effects. They can either target osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or both through different mechanistic pathways for maintaining the bone remodeling process. Although phytobiologics have been widely used since tradition for the treatment of bone fractures recently, the research is accentuated toward the development of osteogenic phytobioactives, constituent-based drug designing models, and efficacious delivery of the phytobioactives. To achieve this, different plant extracts and successful isolation of their phytoconstituents are critical for osteogenic research. Hence, this review emphasizes the phytobioactives based research specifically enlisting the plants and their constituents used so far as bone therapeutics, their respective isolation procedures, and nanotechnological interventions in bone research. Also, the review enlists the vast array of folklore plants and the newly emerging nano-delivery systems in treating bone injuries as the future scope of research in the phytomedicinal orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Li Y, Zhang J, Yan C, Chen Q, Xiang C, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang K. Marein Prevented LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Regulating the NF-κB Pathway In Vitro. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:141-148. [PMID: 35001005 PMCID: PMC9628836 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many bone diseases such as osteolysis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis are caused by gram-negative bacterial infection, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial product, plays an essential role in this process. Drugs that inhibit LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis are urgently needed to prevent bone destruction in infective bone diseases. Marein, a major bioactive compound of Coreopsis tinctoria, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we measured the effect of marein on RAW264.7 cells by CCK-8 assay and used TRAP staining to determine osteoclastogenesis. The levels of osteoclast-related genes and NF-κB-related proteins were then analyzed by western blot, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Our results showed that marein inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation by osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells. The effect of marein was related to its inhibitory function on expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast-related genes containing RANK, TRAF6, MMP-9, CK, and CAII. Additionally, marein leads to markedly inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Concurrently, when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited, osteoclast formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were decreased. Collectively, marein could inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that marein might be a potential drug for bacteria-induced bone destruction disease. Our findings provide new insights into LPS-induced bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xingkuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-18382917277 E-mail:
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Feng S, Wang T, Fan L, An X, Ding X, Wang M, Zhai X, Cao Y, He J, Li Y. Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Eucommia ulmoides–Dipsaci Radix herbal pair on osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2181-2195. [PMID: 35425231 PMCID: PMC8979300 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05799e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides–Dipsaci Radix (EU–DR) is a commonly used herbal pair for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of EU–DR on OP through network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Combining data from multiple open-source databases and literature mining, the active compounds and potential targets of EU–DR were screened out. The OP related targets were identified from the interactive web tool GEO2R. The shared targets were obtained by intersecting the targets of EU–DR and OP. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted using R 3.6.3 software with adjusted p-value < 0.05. Sybyl-x 2.1.1 and Autodock Vina 1.1.2 software were used to cross validate the affinity between active compounds and target proteins. Our results showed that a total of 50 active compounds were screened, corresponding to 895 EU–DR targets, 2202 OP targets and 144 shared targets. The flavonoids in EU–DR played an important role in anti-OP. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG suggested EU–DR exerted a therapeutic effect on OP mainly by regulating the osteoclast differentiation related signaling pathway. Meanwhile, molecular docking results showed that most active compounds in EU–DR had strong binding efficiency to the target proteins. In conclusion, this study elaborated the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway interaction mechanism of the EU–DR herbal pair in the treatment of OP for the first time, which also provided a pharmacological basis for treating OP. This study elaborated the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway interaction mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides-Dipsaci Radix herbal pair in the treatment of osteoporosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Feng
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liming Fan
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinxin An
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinli Ding
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xifeng Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiao He
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yang Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Valizadeh M, Alimohammadi F, Azarm A, Pourtaghi Z, Derakhshan barjoei MM, Sabri H, Jafari A, Arabpour Z, Razavi P, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Uses of soybean isoflavonoids in dentistry: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ramesh P, Jagadeesan R, Sekaran S, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779638. [PMID: 34887836 PMCID: PMC8649804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These have a significant impact on a plethora of bone diseases. The homeostasis between osteoblast and osteoclast formation decides the integrity and structure of the bone. The flavonoids discussed here are quercetin, kaempferol, icariin, myricetin, naringin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, hesperidin, apigenin and several other flavonoids. The effects these flavonoids have on the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD (BMP2/SMAD) signalling pathways, and apoptotic pathways lead to impacts on bone remodelling. In addition, these polyphenols regulate angiogenesis, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and play a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considering these important effects of flavonoids, they may be regarded as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Guo D, Zhao M, Xu W, He H, Li B, Hou T. Dietary interventions for better management of osteoporosis: An overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:125-144. [PMID: 34251926 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a public health concern and a cause of bone loss, increased risk of skeletal fracture, and a heavy economic burden. It is common in postmenopausal women and the elderly and is impacted by dietary factors, lifestyle and some secondary factors. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis, these therapies are accompanied by subsequent side effects. Hence, dietary interventions are highly important to prevent osteoporosis. This review was aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of dietary nutrients derived from natural foods and of common dietary patterns in the regulation of osteoporosis. Nutrients from daily diets, such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, minerals, peptides, phytoestrogens, and prebiotics, can regulate bone metabolism and reverse bone loss. Meanwhile, these nutrients generally existed in food groups and certain dietary patterns also play critical roles in skeletal health. Appropriate dietary interventions (nutrients and dietary patterns) could be primary and effective strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis across the lifespan for the consumers and food enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Katayama T, Sato T, Hamada N, Goda S, Yamaguchi T, Tsukinoki K, Handa K. Effects of Jixueteng on Experimental Periodontitis During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, natural ingredients have focused on the inhibition of bacteria-induced alveolar bone resorption in orthodontic treatment. Jixueteng (Jix), a Chinese traditional medicine, contains several kinds of flavonoids given their biological properties. We evaluated the effects of Jix on experimental periodontitis during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats. To this end, 9-week-old male Wistar rats, which were equipped with orthodontic appliance, were orally infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), while Jix was administered in their drinking water. A total of 28 days after the beginning of OTM, alveolar bone resorption on the right side of the upper jaws was scanned with micro-computed tomography. These were also used as histological specimens and underwent tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts. As a result, the distance of tooth movement in the OTM and Pg infection with Jix administration (OTM + Pg + Jix) group was the same as that of the sham-infected group. The amount of bone resorption and number of osteoclasts in the OTM + Pg + Jix group was more significantly decreased than that in the OTM and Pg-infected group ( P < 0.05). Hence, Jix had little effect on OTM and inhibited Pg-induced alveolar bone destruction. We suggested that the administration of Jix can support tooth movement and contribute to the prevention of periodontitis during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Katayama
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Sato
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Goda
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Handa
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Chakraborty D, Gupta K, Biswas S. A mechanistic insight of phytoestrogens used for Rheumatoid arthritis: An evidence-based review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111039. [PMID: 33254019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the potential therapeutic benefits offered by naturally occurring phytoestrogens necessitate inspection of their potency and sites of action in impeding the chronic, systemic, autoimmune, joint destructing disorder Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Possessing structural and functional similarity with human estrogen, phytoestrogen promisingly replaces the use of hormone therapy in eradicating RA symptoms with their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulatory, joint protection properties abolishing the harmful side effects of synthetic drugs. Scientific evidences revealed that use of phytoestrogens from different chemical categories including flavonoids, alkaloids, stilbenoids derived from different plant species manifest beneficial effects on RA through various cellular mechanisms including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin(IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and destructive metalloproteinases, inhibition of oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory signalling pathways, attenuating osteoclastogenesis ameliorating cartilage degradation and bone erosion. This review summarizes the evidences of different phytoestrogen treatment and their pharmacological mechanisms in both in vitro and in vivo studies along with discussing clinical evaluations in RA patients showing phytoestrogen as a promising agent for RA therapy. Further investigations and more clinical trials are mandatory to clarify the utility of these plant derived compounds in RA prevention and in managing oestrogen deficient diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Chakraborty
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Kriti Gupta
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang J, Tang Y, Lv X, Zhang J, Ma B, Wen X, Bao Y, Wang G. Tectoridin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in a murine model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111057. [PMID: 32798609 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that typically affects older adults and that remains a major threat to global public health owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. In those with osteoporosis, excess osteoclast (OC)-mediated resorption of bone tissue can lead to an imbalance in normal bone metabolism resulting in the onset of diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). In the present study, we found that the natural Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC derivative tectoridin can reduce bone loss in ovariectomized mice. TRAP staining further revealed that tectoridin suppresses OC differentiation in a dose-dependent fashion, and qPCR analyses indicated that this compound also dose-dependently inhibits the RANKL-induced upregulation of OC marker genes including Trap, Ctsk, ATP60, DC-Stamp, c-Fos, and NFATc1 in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Tectoridin treatment further suppressed actin ring formation and in vitro bone resorption as determined via F-actin staining and scanning electron microscopy. At the mechanistic level, we found that tectoridin was capable of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis at least in part owing to its ability to interfere with NF-κB pathway activation. In addition, we confirmed that tectoridin was able to protect against in vivo estrogen-deficiency-associated bone loss. Together, these results suggest that tectoridin can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and OC functionality in the context of PMOP at least in part via modulating RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Xiaolin Wen
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China.
| | - Guofu Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China.
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Gałązka-Czarnecka I, Grzelczyk J, Budryn G. Cicer arietinum L. Sprouts' Influence on Mineralization of Saos-2 and Migration of MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4490. [PMID: 33007937 PMCID: PMC7583992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of four extracts obtained from Cicer arietinum L. sprouts. The fermentation of the sprouts with Lactobacillus casei and their incubation with β-glucosidase elevated the concentrations of isoflavonoids, especially coumestrol, formononetin and biochanin A. To study the biological activity of C. arietinum, the human osteosarcoma Saos-2 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines were used. The extracts obtained from fermented sprouts exhibited the strongest ability to decrease intracellular oxidative stress in both types of cells. They augmented mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity in Saos-2 cells, as well as diminished the secretion of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Simultaneously, the extracts, at the same doses, inhibited the migration of MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, elevated concentrations of C. arietinum induced apoptosis in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells, while lower doses stimulated cell proliferation. These results are important for carefully considering the use of fermented C. arietinum sprouts as a dietary supplement component for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ilona Gałązka-Czarnecka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Joanna Grzelczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
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Tu Y, Wang K, Liang Y, Jia X, Wang L, Wan JB, Han J, He C. Glycine tabacina ethanol extract ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats via inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:20-27. [PMID: 30880257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The whole plant of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat rheumatism, ostealgia and nephritis in China. It is also one of the sources of the renowned native herbal medicine 'I-Tiao-Gung' in Taiwan. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of ethanol extract of G. tabacina (GTE) in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profile of GTE was analyzed by HPLC-UV. The CIA was induced in male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen at tail root, back and ankle joints. The rats were orally administrated daily with GTE (1.11, 2.22 and 4.44 g dry weight of herb powder per kg body weight) from day 0 and continued for 30 days. Swelling volume and thickness of paw, arthritis index, X-radiographs and histopathological changes were examined to assess the severity of arthritis. Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) level were measured to preliminarily explore the possible mechanisms. RESULTS Oral administration of GTE significantly ameliorated the arthritic symptoms in CIA rat model, as indicated by the effects on paws swelling and arthritis index. X-radiographic analysis and histopathological examinations demonstrated that GTE effectively protected the bone and cartilage of joints from erosion, lesion and deformation. The efficacy of GTE treatment on CIA was comparable to that of indomethacin (positive drug). Besides, the overproduction of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was remarkably inhibited in the serum of all GTE treatment groups. The restoration of serum T-SOD activity and MDA level proved that GTE administration alleviated the oxidative stress in CIA rats. CONCLUSIONS GTE exhibited strong anti-CIA activity through inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidation in rats, suggesting its potential preventive and therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yeer Liang
- Zhuhai Livzon Cynvenio Diagnostics Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Zhang L, Liu M, Liu J, Li X, Yang M, Su B, Lin Y. 27-Hydroxycholesterol enhanced osteoclastogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12692-12700. [PMID: 30511368 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) has been implicated in the pathological process of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, the role of 27-HC in lung adenocarcinoma is still unclear. Because bone metastasis is a main reason for the high mortality of lung adenocarcinoma, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 27-HC on osteoclastogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. The results showed that the conditioned media (CM) from lung adenocarcinoma cells cocultured with macrophages promoted osteoclast differentiation, which was enhanced by 27-HC. Further investigation showed that CM inhibited miR-139 expression and promoted c-Fos expression. Luciferase reporter assay identified c-Fos as a direct target of miR-139. CM also induced the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which was enlarged by 27-HC but was attenuated by miR-139. Coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that 27-HC increased the interaction between NFATc1 and phosphorylated STAT3, which was restricted by miR-139. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that pSTAT3 could bind to the promoter of c-Fos, c-Fos could bind to the promoter of NFATc1, and both pSTAT3 and NFATc1 could bind to the promoter of Oscar, which were enlarged by 27-HC but were blocked by miR-139. Knockdown of c-Fos mimicked the effect of miR-139. These results suggested that CM, especially containing 27-HC, promoted osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting miR-139 expression and activating the STAT3/c-Fos/NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, Jinan, China
| | - Jinglei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Benhua Su
- Department of Medical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanliang Lin
- Department of Center Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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14
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Hwang JA, Park NH, Na YJ, Lee HK, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee CS. Coumestrol Down-Regulates Melanin Production in Melan-a Murine Melanocytes through Degradation of Tyrosinase. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:535-539. [PMID: 28381809 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation reflects skin darkening caused by melanin production, but excessive melanin synthesis may cause problems, such as melasma, solar lentigo, dark spots, and freckles. Considerable effort has been devoted to alleviating these undesired symptoms through the development of safe and effective depigmenting agents. Coumestrol, a plant-derived natural isoflavone with an estrogen-like structure and actions, is known to have anti-aging ability, but its potential depigmenting efficacy has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of coumestrol on melanin synthesis in normal melan-a murine melanocytes. Coumestrol significantly reduced melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner up to a concentration of 25 µM without causing cytotoxicity. It also brightened tissue in an artificial skin model (MelanoDerm) that incorporates both human keratinocytes and melanocytes. Interestingly, although coumestrol did not inhibit tyrosinase activity or transcript level in melan-a cells, it clearly decreased the expression level of tyrosinase protein at a concentration of 25 µM. This coumestrol-induced reduction in tyrosinase protein levels was prevented by pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or the lysosomal proteolysis inhibitor chloroquine. Collectively, our findings indicate that coumestrol exerts an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in melan-a cells, at least in part, through degradation of tyrosinase. These findings suggest that coumestrol is a good candidate for use in depigmentary reagents from a cosmetic and clinical perspective.
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15
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Tan EM, Li L, Indran IR, Chew N, Yong EL. TRAF6 Mediates Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis and Prevention of Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by a Novel Prenylflavonoid. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:846-860. [PMID: 27813153 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the limitations of current therapeutic options for postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is a need for alternatives with minimal adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of icaritin (ICT), a natural prenylflavonoid, on osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model and investigated its underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action. ICT inhibited osteoclast formation in two osteoclast precursor models, RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte cell line and human PBMC. ICT also inhibited sealing zone and resorption pit formation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ICT inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways to suppress gene expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1, the master transcription regulator of osteoclast differentiation. ICT, by inhibiting the TRAF6/c-Src/PI3K pathway, suppressed NADPH oxidase-1 activation to attenuate intracellular ROS production and downregulate calcineurin phosphatase activity. As a result, NFATc1 nuclear translocation and activity was suppressed. Crucially, ICT promoted proteasomal degradation of TRAF6, the critical adaptor protein that transduces RANKL/RANK signaling, and the inhibitory effect of ICT on osteoclastogenesis was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG 132. ICT administration inhibited OVX-induced bone loss and resorption by suppressing osteoclast formation and activity. Consistent with cellular studies, ICT downregulated TRAF6 and NFATc1 protein expression in CD11b+ /Gr-1-/low osteoclast precursors isolated from OVX rats. Put together, we present novel findings that ICT, by downregulating TRAF6, coordinates inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK/AP-1, and ROS signaling pathways to reduce expression and activity of NFATc1. These results demonstrate the potential of ICT for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and point to TRAF6 as a promising target for novel anti-osteoporotic drugs. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Min Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Inthrani Raja Indran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Riça IG, Netto CD, Rennó MN, Abreu PA, Costa PRR, da Silva AJM, Cavalcante MCM. Anti-inflammatory properties of pterocarpanquinone LQB-118 in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4415-4423. [PMID: 27492193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pterocarpanquinone (+/-)-LQB-118 presents antineoplastic and antiparasitic properties and also shows great inhibitory effect on TNF-α release in vitro. Here, its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation model in C57BL/6 mice. LPS inhalation induced a marked neutrophil infiltration to the lungs which was reduced by intraperitoneal treatment with (+/-)-LQB-118 in a similar manner to that of dexamethasone and even better than that of acetylsalicylic acid. Moreover, (+/-)-LQB-118 administration resulted in decrease of NF-κB activation and KC level in lungs, with a pronounced inhibitory effect on TNF-α release, measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Trying to understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism by which (+/-)-LQB-118 acts, we performed a molecular modeling analysis, including docking to estrogen receptors α and β. Results suggested that (+/-)-LQB-118 may bind to both receptors, with a similar orientation to 17-β-estradiol. Together, these results showed that (+/-)-LQB-118 exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect, most likely by inhibiting TNF-α release and NF-κB activation, which may be related to the estrogen receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingred G Riça
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27947-200, Brazil.
| | - Chaquip D Netto
- Laboratório de Química, Pólo Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Magdalena N Rennó
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula A Abreu
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Alcides J M da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Moisés C M Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27947-200, Brazil.
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17
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Ma JY, Wong KL, Xu ZY, Au KY, Lee NL, Su C, Su WW, Li PB, Shaw PC. N16, a Nacreous Protein, Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Enhances Osteogenesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:204-212. [PMID: 26741297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
N16 is a protein from the nacreous layer of Pinctada fucata, a pearl oyster. It has been found to promote biomineralization, and we hypothesized that it also plays a role in bone metabolism. The cDNA of N16 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to produce N16 protein, which was purified to high homogeneity by ion-exchange and gel filtration columns. The effects of N16 on osteoclast differentiation and osteogenesis were clarified using the murine preosteoclast cell line RAW 264.7 and the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. Results on preosteoclasts showed that N16 only slightly inhibited cell survival but significantly inhibited differentiation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Apart from reduced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, N16-treated cells exhibited lower gene expression and enzymatic activity typical of mature osteoclasts. Actin ring formation and intracellular acidification essential for osteoclastic function were also impaired upon N16 treatment. At concentrations nontoxic to preosteoblasts, N16 strongly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase activity and increased mineralized nodule formation, which are indicative of differentiation into osteoblasts. These effects coincided with an increase in mRNA expression of osteoblast markers osteopotin and osteocalcin. The present study demonstrated that N16 has both anabolic and antiresorptive effects on bone, which makes it potentially useful for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yi Ma
- ShenZhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Lok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), LDS YYC R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yan Xu
- ShenZhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Yee Au
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), LDS YYC R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nga-Lam Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), LDS YYC R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- ShenZhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Sun Yat-Sen University) R&D ShenZhen Center , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- ShenZhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Bo Li
- ShenZhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University , ShenZhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), LDS YYC R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang Y, Yan M, Yu QF, Yang PF, Zhang HD, Sun YH, Zhang ZF, Gao YF. Puerarin Prevents LPS-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Loss via Inhibition of Akt Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:2028-2035. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | | | | | | | - Yong-hong Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University
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19
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Quan GH, Wang H, Cao J, Zhang Y, Wu D, Peng Q, Liu N, Sun WC. Calycosin Suppresses RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis through Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29496-507. [PMID: 26690415 PMCID: PMC4691122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calycosin, an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, isolated from Radix Astragali, was reported to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and osteogenic properties, but its impact on osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of calycosin on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL. The results showed that calycosin significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Calycosin also dose-dependently suppressed the formation of bone resorption pits by mature osteoclasts. In addition, the expression of osteoclatogenesis-related genes, including cathepsin K (CtsK), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and MMP-9, was significantly inhibited by calycosin. Furthermore, the results indicated that calycosin down-regulated the expression levels of NFATc1 and c-Fos through suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Our results indicate that calycosin has an inhibitory role in the bone loss by preventing osteoclast formation, as well as its bone resorptive activity. Therefore, calycosin may be useful as a therapeutic reagent for bone loss-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Quan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Hongbing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Key laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Donglin Wu
- Department of Virus Disease Prevention and Control, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Wan-Chun Sun
- Key laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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20
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Nie Q, Xing M, Hu J, Hu X, Nie S, Xie M. Metabolism and health effects of phyto-estrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2432-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
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21
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King TJ, Shandala T, Lee AM, Foster BK, Chen KM, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Potential Effects of Phytoestrogen Genistein in Modulating Acute Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Damage in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18293-311. [PMID: 26258775 PMCID: PMC4581246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced bone damage is a frequent side effect which causes diminished bone mineral density and fracture in childhood cancer sufferers and survivors. The intensified use of anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) and other cytotoxic drugs has led to the need for a mechanistic understanding of chemotherapy-induced bone loss and for the development of protective treatments. Using a young rat MTX-induced bone loss model, we investigated potential bone protective effects of phytoestrogen genistein. Oral gavages of genistein (20 mg/kg) were administered daily, for seven days before, five days during, and three days after five once-daily injections (sc) of MTX (0.75 mg/kg). MTX treatment reduced body weight gain and tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume (p < 0.001), increased osteoclast density on the trabecular bone surface (p < 0.05), and increased the bone marrow adipocyte number in lower metaphyseal bone (p < 0.001). Genistein supplementation preserved body weight gain (p < 0.05) and inhibited ex vivo osteoclast formation of bone marrow cells from MTX-treated rats (p < 0.001). However, MTX-induced changes in bone volume, trabecular architecture, metaphyseal mRNA expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and marrow adiposity were not significantly affected by the co-administration of genistein. This study suggests that genistein may suppress MTX-induced osteoclastogenesis; however, further studies are required to examine its potential in protecting against MTX chemotherapy-induced bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J King
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Alice M Lee
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Peter R Howe
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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22
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Red clover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:134-42. [PMID: 25369831 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although postmenopausal combined hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of hip fracture, long-term use may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and in women more than 10 years after menopause it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Isoflavones, because of preferential binding to estrogen receptor beta, may retain the beneficial effects on bone but lessen the adverse effects on the breast. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to study the effects of an isoflavone obtained from red clover (Rimostil) on bone mineral density, and on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. DESIGN In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 50 mg of Rimostil was given to women who were menopausal for at least 1 year. Bone mineral density of the spine, femoral neck and forearm and serum LDL cholesterol were measured at baseline and at 6-month intervals. The duration of follow-up was 2 years. RESULTS There was no beneficial effect of Rimostil on bone density at any site. There was a 12% fall in serum LDL cholesterol in the Rimostil-treated arm, which was significantly greater than the 2% drop seen in the control arm (P=0.005).
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23
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Tadaishi M, Nishide Y, Tousen Y, Kruger MC, Ishimi Y. Cooperative effects of soy isoflavones and carotenoids on osteoclast formation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:109-15. [PMID: 24688220 PMCID: PMC3947975 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts play a major role in bone resorption. Several functional food components, such as soy isoflavones and carotenoids, are reported to inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the cooperative effect of functional foods or their constituents on bone metabolism has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the cooperative effect of soy isoflavones and carotenoids on osteoclast formation in vitro using cultures of RAW264 and bone marrow cells in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand. In RAW264 cells, treatment with soy isoflavones (genistein or equol) or carotenoids (β-carotene) suppressed osteoclast formation. At 10 µM, genistein and equol inhibited RAW264 cell proliferation but did not affect cell viability. When 10 µM genistein or equol was combined with 0.1 µM β-carotene, we observed an additive suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation. Similar results were observed with bone marrow cell cultures. We found that 10 µM of zeaxanthin or lutein suppressed osteoclast formation singly, and further enhanced the suppressive effects of daidzein or genistein when administered in combination. These results suggest that the combination of soy isoflavones and carotenoids have an enhanced suppressive effect on osteoclast formation. This knowledge might be important in planning diet for bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishide
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Park K, Ju WC, Yeo JH, Kim JY, Seo HS, Uchida Y, Cho Y. Increased OPG/RANKL ratio in the conditioned medium of soybean-treated osteoblasts suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:178-84. [PMID: 24248634 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a major dietary source of isoflavones, particularly daidzein and genistein, which stimulate osteoblastic functions that are initiated by binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β found on osteoblasts. However, coupled with a low expression of ER-α and ER-β in osteoclasts, the inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones on osteoclast differentiation is likely mediated through paracrine factors produced by osteoblasts. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether soybean can indirectly inhibit osteoclast differentiation through the modulation of osteoclastic factors produced by osteoblasts. Treatment with soybean extracts increased the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and decreased those of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the conditioned medium (CM) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Subsequently, the RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclast formation was markedly inhibited by treatment with CM collected from MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts incubated with soybean extracts (S-CM). Similarly, S-CM significantly attenuated the RANKL-induced increase in the mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a potential biomarker gene of osteoclast differentiation, through the suppression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) activation. Of note, a soybean concentration of 0.001 mg/ml further increased the OPG/RANKL ratio compared to treatment with a 0.1 mg/ml soybean concentration and was overall, more effective at inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and MMP-9 expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with soybean extracts stimulates the secretion of OPG and inhibits that of RANKL, thus inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of NFATc1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701, Republic of Korea
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25
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Al Hadi H, Smerdon GR, Fox SW. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy suppresses osteoclast formation and bone resorption. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1839-44. [PMID: 23878004 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanism through which hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) improves osteonecrosis (ON) is unclear. The present study therefore examined the effect of HBO, pressure and hyperoxia on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in RAW 264.7 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). Daily exposure to HBO (2.4 ATA, 97% O2 , 90 min), hyperbaric pressure (2.4 ATA, 8.8% O2 , 90 min) or normobaric hyperoxia (1 ATA, 95% O2 , 90 min) significantly decreased RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in normoxic conditions. HBO had a more pronounced anti-osteoclastic effect than hyperoxia or pressure alone and also directly inhibited osteoclast formation and resorption in hypoxic conditions a hallmark of many osteolytic skeletal disorders. The suppressive action of HBO was at least in part mediated through a reduction in RANK, NFATc1, and Dc-STAMP expression and inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression. This data provides mechanistic evidence supporting the use of HBO as an adjunctive therapy to prevent osteoclast formation and bone loss associated with low oxygen partial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Al Hadi
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
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26
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Raghu Nadhanan R, Skinner J, Chung R, Su YW, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Supplementation with fish oil and genistein, individually or in combination, protects bone against the adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71592. [PMID: 23951199 PMCID: PMC3741109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy has been shown to induce long-term skeletal side effects such as osteoporosis and fractures; however, there are no preventative treatments. This study investigated the damaging effects of anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) subcutaneous injections (0.75 mg/kg BW) for five days and the potential protective benefits of daily oral gavage of fish oil at 0.5 mL/100 g BW (containing 375 mg of n-3 PUFA/100 g BW), genistein (2 mg/100 g BW), or their combination in young adult rats. MTX treatment alone significantly reduced primary spongiosa height and secondary spongiosa trabecular bone volume. Bone marrow stromal cells from the treated rats showed a significant reduction in osteogenic differentiation but an increase in adipogenesis ex vivo. Consistently, stromal cells had significantly higher mRNA levels of adipogenesis-related proliferator activator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid binding protein (FABP4). MTX significantly increased the numbers of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and marrow osteoclast precursor cell pool while significantly enhancing the mRNA expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), the RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the bone. Supplementary treatment with fish oil and/or genistein significantly preserved trabecular bone volume and osteogenesis but suppressed MTX-induced adipogenesis and increases in osteoclast numbers and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine expression. Thus, Fish oil and/or genistein supplementation during MTX treatment enabled not only preservation of osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast number and bone volume, but also prevention of MTX treatment-induced increases in bone marrow adiposity, osteoclastogenic cytokine expression and osteoclast formation, and thus bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rethi Raghu Nadhanan
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayne Skinner
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosa Chung
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R. Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory J. Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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27
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Karieb S, Fox SW. Suppression of T cell-induced osteoclast formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Ha H, Shim KS, An H, Kim T, Ma JY. Water extract of Spatholobus suberectus inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:112. [PMID: 23692684 PMCID: PMC3664574 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are primarily responsible for bone resorption. In many pathological bone diseases including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, osteoclasts are excessively activated. Thus, controlling of osteoclasts would be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of excessive bone loss. The stem of Spatholobus suberectus has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat blood stasis syndrome and arthritis in Asia. In the present study, we investigated the effects and action mechanism of water extract of the stem of Spatholobus suberectus (WESS) on osteoclast differentiation and function. METHODS The effect of WESS on osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by counting tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in bone marrow-derived macrophages system and murine bone marrow cell-osteoblast coculture system. Bone resorption activity of mature osteoclast was examined on a calcium phosphate-coated plate. Actin ring structure of osteoclasts was detected fluorescently by staining for F-actin. Activation of signaling pathways and induction of transcription factors required for osteoclastogenesis were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS WESS effectively inhibited osteoclast differentiation from its precursors. The inhibitory effect of WESS on osteoclast differentiation was due to the suppression of osteoclastogenic transcription factors, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 expression, via preventing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced early signaling pathways and decreasing c-Fos protein level in osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, WESS suppressed bone resorption activity of osteoclasts by disrupting actin ring structure. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that WESS inhibits osteoclast differentiation and function. These results suggest that WESS has a potential for treating pathological bone diseases caused by excessive bone resorption.
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Khan K, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Chakravarti B, Mittal M, Barbhuyan TK, China SP, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav D, Dixit P, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Positive skeletal effects of cladrin, a naturally occurring dimethoxydaidzein, in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment discontinuation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1455-70. [PMID: 22932734 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal in osteopenic rats were studied. Cladrin improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compressive strength, augmented coupled remodeling, and increased bone osteogenic genes. A significant skeletal gain was maintained 4 weeks after cladrin withdrawal. Findings suggest that cladrin has significant positive skeletal effects. INTRODUCTION We showed that a standardized extract of Butea monosperma preserved trabecular bone mass in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. Cladrin, the most abundant bioactive compound of the extract, promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats by stimulating osteoblast function. Here, we studied the effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal on the osteopenic bones. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were OVx and left untreated for 12 weeks to allow for significant estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, at which point cladrin (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for another 12 weeks. Half of the rats were killed at the end of the treatments and the other half at 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Sham-operated rats and OVx rats treated with PTH or 17β-estradiol (E2) served as various controls. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomographic analysis and fluorescent labeling of bone. qPCR and western blotting measured mRNA and protein levels in bone and uterus. Specific ELISA was used for measuring levels of serum PINP and urinary CTx. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, cladrin treatment dose dependently improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compression strength, bone formation rate (BFR), cortical thickness (Cs.Th), serum PINP levels, and expression of osteogenic genes in bones; and reduced expression of bone osteoclastogenic genes and urinary CTx levels. Cladrin had no uterine estrogenicity. Cladrin at 10 mg/kg maintained acquired skeletal gains 4 weeks after withdrawal. CONCLUSION Cladrin had positive skeletal effects in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, India
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Ming LG, Chen KM, Xian CJ. Functions and action mechanisms of flavonoids genistein and icariin in regulating bone remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:513-21. [PMID: 22777826 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly natural products particularly flavonoids are being explored for their therapeutic potentials in reducing bone loss and maintaining bone health. This study has reviewed previous studies on the two better known flavonoids, genistein and icariin, their structures, functions, action mechanisms, relative potency, and potential application in regulating bone remodeling and preventing bone loss. Genistein, an isoflavone abundant in soy, has dual functions on bone cells, able to inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts and stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts. Genistein is an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective binding phytoestrogen, with a greater affinity to ERβ. Genistein inhibits tyrosine kinases and inhibits DNA topoisomerases I and II, and may act as an antioxidant. Genistein enhances osteoblastic differentiation and maturation by activation of ER, p38MAPK-Runx2, and NO/cGMP pathways, and it inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption through inducing osteoclastogenic inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and blocking NF-κB signaling. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium herb, stimulates osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibits bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Icariin, whose metabolites include icariside I, icariside II, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin, has no estrogenic activity. However, icariin is more potent than genistein in promoting osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. The existence of a prenyl group on C-8 of icariin molecular structure has been suggested to be the reason why icariin is more potent than genistein in osteogenic activity. Thus, the prenylflavonoids may represent a class of flavonoids with a higher osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Guo Ming
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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31
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Mo H, Yeganehjoo H, Shah A, Mo WK, Soelaiman IN, Shen CL. Mevalonate-suppressive dietary isoprenoids for bone health. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1543-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Fong C, Yao X, Yang M. Herba epimedii flavonoids suppress osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Biochimie 2012; 94:2514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Karieb S, Fox SW. Zinc modifies the effect of phyto-oestrogens on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1736-45. [PMID: 22289672 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511007355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity is disrupted in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Thus, to fully address this imbalance, therapies should reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation. Dietary factors such as phyto-oestrogens and Zn have beneficial effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity. However, the effect of combinations of these factors has not been widely studied. We therefore examined the effect of coumestrol, daidzein and genistein in the presence or absence of zinc sulphate (Zn) on osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were significantly reduced by coumestrol (10- 7 m), daidzein (10- 5 m) and genistein (10- 7 m); and this direct anti-osteoclastic action was unaffected by Zn (10- 5 m). In addition, Zn augmented the inhibitory effect of phyto-oestrogens on the osteoblast-derived stimulus for osteoclast formation, significantly reducing the ratio of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-to-osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in human osteoblast. We then examined the effect of these compounds on osteoblast activity. Mineralisation was enhanced by coumestrol (10- 5 to 10- 7 m), daidzein (10- 5 to 10- 6 m) and genistein (10- 5 m); and Zn significantly augmented this response. Zn and phyto-oestrogens also significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) mRNA expression. On the other hand, Zn blunted phyto-oestrogen-induced type I collagen and osteocalcin expression and suppressed coumestrol and daidzein-stimulated osterix expression. Zn may therefore modify the anabolic action of phyto-oestrogens, promoting characteristics associated with early rather than late stages of osteoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that while Zn enhances the anti-osteoclastic effect of phyto-oestrogens, it may limit aspects of their anabolic action on bone matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Karieb
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Room 404 Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Nakagaki WR, Camilli JA. Spontaneous Healing Capacity of Calvarial Bone Defects in mdx Mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:590-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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