1
|
Rastogi R, Woolverton GA, Stevens C, Chen JA, Liu CH. Suicidality associated with decreased help-seeking attitudes in college students: Implications for identifying and treating at-risk students. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115825. [PMID: 38460350 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death in college-aged youth, yet only half of all college students report engaging in professional mental health help-seeking. We examined how the various aspects of young adults' suicidality were associated with their openness to pursue professional mental health care in the future (i.e., "future help-seeking intentions"). Multilevel binary logistic regressions were tested in a sample of 24,446 U.S. college undergraduates with suicidality. The moderating effect of past service utilization on future help-seeking intentions was also tested. Strikingly, young people reporting past-year suicidal ideation, past-year suicidal attempts, and self-reported likelihood of a future suicide attempt demonstrated decreased likelihood of future help-seeking intentions, while those reporting prior diagnosis of a mental health condition and/or past service utilization demonstrated an increased likelihood. Past service utilization also significantly moderated the effect of suicide disclosure, such that youth reporting prior disclosure and prior professional treatment-seeking demonstrated greater odds of future help-seeking intentions relative to those who had disclosed suicidality but never utilized professional services. In order to mitigate the mental health crisis facing youth, further exploration is necessary to understand why students with suicidality do not report openness to seek help. It is also imperative to develop and implement novel strategies to identify at-risk students, understand and alleviate relevant barriers to treatment, and promote positive help-seeking attitudes and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA
| | - Justin A Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Onay Z, Sidis A, Robinson L, Deane FP. Young people's pathways to a specialist suicide prevention service and the influence of caregiver prior suicidality and mental health treatment. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38356407 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM Timely help-seeking and pathways to care (PtC) have been linked to positive outcomes in suicidal adolescents. While the importance of formal contacts is recognized, caregivers also play a significant role in these pathways. Caregiver's familiarity with mental health issues may influence an adolescent's PtC. This study explores the relationship between a caregiver's prior suicidality and mental health treatment on their children's pathways to entering a specialist suicide prevention treatment program. METHOD Caregivers (n = 118, 35 males and 83 females) of young individuals (12-25 years) who were admitted into an outpatient suicide prevention service, completed a self-report questionnaire describing their child's onset of symptoms, help-seeking, PtC and the caregiver's prior suicidality and mental health treatment. RESULTS Parents were the source most likely to recognize the onset of suicidality, with general practitioners and psychologists the most common first contacts. Significant delays were identified for onset duration averaging 48.0 weeks, and it was observed that shorter delays in treatment were related to fewer number of contacts. Caregiver prior suicidality was associated with longer delays in treatment but had no relationship with onset duration. CONCLUSION Caregivers and professional contacts are vital agents in improving the PtC of suicidal adolescents. Results highlight the significant delays in treatment and the added complexity of a caregiver's prior experience of suicidality to these pathways. These complexities warrant further exploration to minimize obstacles that hinder help-seeking and lengthen PtC, as this may improve interventions and outcomes for suicidal adolescents and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Onay
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Sidis
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radez J, Johns L, Waite F. Understanding unusual sensory experiences: a randomised experimental study of a school-based intervention for adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024; 29:14-21. [PMID: 36959519 PMCID: PMC10877969 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in ten young people experience unusual sensory experiences (USE), such as hallucinations. From a cognitive perspective, the appraisal of USE determines the impact of these experiences. Negative appraisal, as well as other psychological processes (e.g. thinking flexibility, maladaptive schemas, anxiety/depression), is associated with more distress. Our aim was to (a) develop a universal single-session school-based intervention on USE for adolescents and (b) evaluate the effect of the intervention on appraisals of and help seeking intentions for USE. METHODS A randomised controlled experimental design with a one-month follow-up was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention in one school. Students (n = 223) aged 12-13 were randomised by class to a single-session intervention on USE or a control intervention (generic mental wellbeing). Participants completed measures of appraisals of and help-seeking intentions for USE at pre- and postintervention and at one-month follow-up. They also completed measures of schemas, thinking flexibility and anxiety/depression at preintervention. RESULTS Overall, 190 adolescents completed the main outcome measures at all three points. The intervention on USE led to a significant (p < .05) increase of positive appraisals of USE compared with the control, with effects sustained at one-month follow-up. The intervention on USE did not lead to significantly greater help-seeking intentions for USE (p = .26). Adolescents' schemas were associated with appraisals and slow thinking and anxiety/depressive symptoms with help-seeking behaviour for USE. CONCLUSIONS A single-session universal school-based intervention shows promise by improving appraisals of USE. Further research is required across different school populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Radez
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Louise Johns
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Felicity Waite
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burke CT, Calear AL, Cruwys T, Batterham PJ. Are Parents the Key? How Parental Suicide Stigma and Suicide Literacy Affect Help-Seeking Attitudes and Intentions for their Child. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2417-2429. [PMID: 37592195 PMCID: PMC10495472 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the leading cause of death among Australian young people, yet rates of help-seeking for suicidal ideation and behaviors in this population are concerningly low. In this study, the relationships between parental suicide stigma, parental suicide literacy, and their attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional help for their child if they were to express thoughts of suicide are investigated. Understanding this influence is critical given parents are key facilitators of their child's access to and engagement with professional mental health services. An online survey was administered to 302 parents of children aged-12-18 (Mage = 45.36, SDage = 6.23; 91.4% female). Parental suicide stigma was significantly associated with more negative help-seeking attitudes and lower help-seeking intentions. Other significant predictors of more positive help-seeking attitudes included parental self-efficacy and having a child with no history of suicidal ideation. Higher help-seeking intentions were associated with female gender, living in an urban area, and positive help-seeking attitudes. Parental suicide literacy was not significantly associated with help-seeking. Practically, outcomes of this study may inform the development and implementation of targeted education programs to increase parental help-seeking for their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette T Burke
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Building 39 Science Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Building 39 Science Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han J, Ahn JS, Kim MH, Chang SJ, Kim JK, Min S. Impact of Parental Mental Health and Help-Seeking on Adolescents' Suicidal Ideations and Help-Seeking Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6538. [PMID: 37569077 PMCID: PMC10419277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of parental mental health on adolescent offspring. Data regarding 6512 families from the 2010-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed; among them, 428 were placed in the suicidal ideation (SI) group and 421 were placed in the matched control (MC) group. This number was selected for the use of the propensity score matching method. The findings highlighted significant associations between parental mental health and adolescent suicidal ideation, with mothers in the SI group having higher odds of Diagnosed Depression (OR 2.109, 1.023-4.350 95% CI), Depressive Mood (OR 2.155, 1.224-3.793 95% CI), and Suicidal Ideation (OR 2.532, 1.322-4.851 95% CI) compared to the MC group. Regarding the fathers, paternal Suicidal Ideation (OR 4.295, 1.747-10.599 95% CI) was the only significant factor for adolescent suicidal ideation. In contrast, maternal depressive symptoms and help-seeking behavior significantly impacted adolescent help-seeking; Maternal Depressive Mood increased with adolescent Help-Seeking (OR 4.486, 1.312-15.340 95% CI) while Maternal Suicidal Ideation reduced the probability of Help-Seeking in the SI group (OR 0.15, 0.031-0.721, 95% CI). Chronic and severe depressive symptoms in mothers could make adolescents less likely to seek help for their suicidal ideations. Therefore, clinicians working with adolescents should prioritize a family-oriented approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Sei-Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng Q, Luo H, Li W, Chen T, Song N. Effects of gender diversity on college students' collaborative learning: From individual gender to gender pairing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16237. [PMID: 37265618 PMCID: PMC10230217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gender and gender pairing on behaviors and social interaction during collaborative learning in a blended learning environment. Three types of pairing (all-female, all-male, and mixed) were considered in an empirical study with 44 undergraduate students. The results revealed that, first, female students were more likely to perform well in listening, talking, and integrating during class, and in the quality of posts after class, whereas male students tended to engage more in irrelevant behavior in collaboration. Second, same-gender groups were more active in collaborative discussion, but all-male groups performed worst in quality of posts after class. Third, both male and female students were more active in same-gender groups than in mixed groups. Finally, same-gender groups tended to have greater interpersonal connectedness than mixed-gender groups. The paper ends with a list of practical implications for facilitating effective collaborative learning in co-educational college classrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heng Luo
- Corresponding author. 152 Luoyu Street, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bohr Y, Litwin L, Hankey JR, McCague H, Singoorie C, Lucassen MFG, Shepherd M, Barnhardt J. Evaluating the Utility of a Psychoeducational Serious Game (SPARX) in Protecting Inuit Youth From Depression: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e38493. [PMID: 36892940 PMCID: PMC10037175 DOI: 10.2196/38493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inuit youth in Northern Canada show considerable resilience in the face of extreme adversities. However, they also experience significant mental health needs and some of the highest adolescent suicide rates in the world. Disproportionate rates of truancy, depression, and suicide among Inuit adolescents have captured the attention of all levels of government and the country. Inuit communities have expressed an urgent imperative to create, or adapt, and then evaluate prevention and intervention tools for mental health. These tools should build upon existing strengths, be culturally appropriate for Inuit communities, and be accessible and sustainable in Northern contexts, where mental health resources are often scarce. OBJECTIVE This pilot study assesses the utility, for Inuit youth in Canada, of a psychoeducational e-intervention designed to teach cognitive behavioral therapy strategies and techniques. This serious game, SPARX, had previously demonstrated effectiveness in addressing depression with Māori youth in New Zealand. METHODS The Nunavut Territorial Department of Health sponsored this study, and a team of Nunavut-based community mental health staff facilitated youth's participation in an entirely remotely administered pilot trial using a modified randomized control approach with 24 youths aged 13-18 across 11 communities in Nunavut. These youth had been identified by the community facilitators as exhibiting low mood, negative affect, depressive presentations, or significant levels of stress. Entire communities, instead of individual youth, were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group. RESULTS Mixed models (multilevel regression) revealed that participating youth felt less hopeless (P=.02) and engaged in less self-blame (P=.03), rumination (P=.04), and catastrophizing (P=.03) following the SPARX intervention. However, participants did not show a decrease in depressive symptoms or an increase in formal resilience indicators. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest that SPARX may be a good first step for supporting Inuit youth with skill development to regulate their emotions, challenge maladaptive thoughts, and provide behavioral management techniques such as deep breathing. However, it will be imperative to work with youth and communities to design, develop, and test an Inuit version of the SPARX program, tailored to fit the interests of Inuit youth and Elders in Canada and to increase engagement and effectiveness of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05702086; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05702086.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bohr
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Litwin
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Ryan Hankey
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh McCague
- Institute for Social Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mathijs F G Lucassen
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jenna Barnhardt
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koveshnikov A, Lehtonen MJ, Wechtler H. Expatriates on the run: The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on expatriates' host country withdrawal intentions. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:102009. [PMID: 36185728 PMCID: PMC9512565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on expatriation in high-stress environments where stress is caused by ongoing and unexpected natural crises remains limited. Drawing on stress theory, in this study, we develop a model to examine the stress-inducing effects of intra-family concerns and workplace discrimination on the intentions to leave the host country among expatriates in the high-stress environment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore whether gender and the level of work adjustment moderate the propensity of intra-family health concerns and workplace discrimination to induce psychological stress. Based on our analysis of 381 expatriates living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we find the model to be generally supported. We also reveal an intriguing moderating effect of work adjustment on the relationship between intra-family health concerns and psychological stress. Overall, the analysis is among the first ones to shed light on the role of natural crises' stressors in defining expatriate outcomes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Factors affecting the utilization of mental health services among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11476. [PMID: 36406704 PMCID: PMC9667261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Under-utilization of mental health services among university students is a major public health concern. This study assessed the factors affecting the utilization of mental health services among undergraduate students. This research was a cross-sectional survey carried out among students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and multi-stage sampling technique was used in sampling the participants. Utilization, attitude, and health seeking behavior were categorized into good (≥50% score), and poor (<50% score), while social support was categorized into poor (8–18), moderate (19–25), and strong (26–32). Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between the categorical variables. 450 students enrolled in this study of which 52.4% were females and mean age of 19.40 ± 1.65 years. Most students showed a good attitude (87.5%), health seeking behavior (67.8%), and poor social support (69.4%) towards mental health services. There was an association between source of information (p = 0.005), health seeking behavior (p = 0.001) and utilization of mental health services. There was also a higher likelihood for students of female gender (OR: 1.621 (1.072–2.452)) and being aged above 20 years (OR: 1.331 (0.822–2.153)) to have good utilization of mental health services. Majority of the students showed good attitude and health seeking behavior towards mental health services but there was poor utilization as well as poor to moderate social support towards mental health services. Gender, age, attitude, source of information as well as health seeking behavior are important factors that can affect the utilization of mental health services among undergraduate students. Interventions targeted towards these factors should be done to ultimately improve utilization of mental health services among undergraduate students.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu H, Zeng J, Cao Z, Hao H. The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Online Help-Seeking: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotion Dysregulation and Perceived Anonymity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148330. [PMID: 35886187 PMCID: PMC9319494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns and isolation have limited the availability of face-to-face support services for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the growing need for online help in supporting IPV victims, far less is known about the underlying mechanisms between IPV and online help-seeking. We studied the mediating role of emotion dysregulation (ED) and the moderating role of perceived anonymity (PA) on the internet to explain IPV victims’ willingness of online help-seeking (WOHS). Through a PROCESS analysis of the questionnaire data (n = 510, 318 female, 192 male, Mage = 22.41 years), the results demonstrate that: (1) ED has been linked with the experience of IPV, and IPV significantly induces ED. (2) When IPV victims realize the symptoms of ED, they have a strong willingness to seek external intervention to support themselves. ED mediates the relationship between IPV and online help-seeking. (3) For youth growing up in the era of social networking sites (SNS), personal privacy protection is an important factor when seeking online help. The anonymity of the internet has a positive effect on victims who experience IPV and ED, and it increases WOHS. This study introduces a new perspective on the psychological mechanism behind IPV victims’ help-seeking behaviors, and it suggests that the improvement of anonymity in online support can be an effective strategy for assisting IPV victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Zeng
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Zheng Cao
- Graduate School of Management, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia;
| | - Huihui Hao
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johnson JA, Sanghvi P, Mehrotra S. Technology-Based Interventions to Improve Help-Seeking for Mental Health Concerns: A Systematic Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:332-340. [PMID: 35949632 PMCID: PMC9301737 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211034578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of mental health disorders worldwide, a significant proportion of distressed individuals do not seek professional help. Digital technology can be a potential bridge to reduce the treatment gap for mental disorders. A systematic review was undertaken to examine the technology-based interventions aimed at improving help-seeking attitude, intention, or behavior for mental health concerns. METHODS The literature search was conducted in January-February 2020 through various e-databases using relevant keywords that targeted help-seeking interventions for mental health disorders via different technology modes. RESULTS 21 studies (15 randomized controlled trials and six non-randomized studies) were reviewed. The included studies were published between April 2006 to February 2020. Majority of the interventions led to an increase in the help-seeking variables. The crucial role of online delivery, participant involvement, and embedded links to professional services in encouraging help-seeking is highlighted. The review emphasizes the need for understanding utility of multicomponent interventions with personalized elements targeting help-seeking behavior, particularly in low-middle-income countries, and studies involving longer duration follow-ups. CONCLUSION This systematic review is the first of its kind to examine technology-based interventions to improve help-seeking for mental health and suggests that such interventions play a crucial role in positively impacting help-seeking. The complex interplay between the relevant variables such as mental health literacy, stigma, help-seeking attitude, intention and behavior, and the intervention components that may have a differential bearing on these variables are issues that merit urgent attention in further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemimah A Johnson
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Sanghvi
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Mehrotra
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacobsen AL, Madsen T, Ranning A, Nielsen AS, Nordentoft M, Erlangsen A. Level of Suicidal Ideation Among Callers to the Danish Suicide Prevention Helpline. Arch Suicide Res 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35703206 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2084005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to: (1) determine the proportion of callers to a national helpline for suicide prevention who were evaluated to be at risk of suicide; (2) identify characteristics associated with being at risk; (3) determine the level of suicidal ideation among callers, as measured by a clinical scale, and compared to the general population. METHOD Data on all calls answered at the Danish helpline for suicide prevention during 2018-2019 were analyzed. These consisted of socio-demographic covariates and items related to suicidality, including the Suicidal Ideation Attribute Scale (SIDAS). Data on SIDAS for the general population derived from a survey. Being at risk of suicide, as evaluated by the counselors, was examined as outcome in adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS Among 42,393 answered calls, 24,933 (59%) related to personal concerns. Of these, 47% and 14% of callers, respectively, had suicidal thoughts and concrete suicidal plans, while 53% were evaluated to be at risk. Higher risks were found when issues related to self-harm, mental health problems, eating disorders, incest, physical health problems, substance abuse, or sexual assault were mentioned. In all 37% of callers who were administered the SIDAS scale were evaluated to be at high risk of suicide compared to 1.5% in the general population. CONCLUSIONS A substantial share of callers to a national helpline for suicide prevention were evaluated to be at risk of suicide, also when using a clinical scale. This emphasizes the potential for counselors to prevent suicidal behavior.HighlightsMore than half of callers reaching out to the helpline were evaluated to be at risk of suicide, and 37% were identified as being at high risk using SIDAS, a clinical scale.Being woman, of younger age, having a history of previous suicide attempt as well as experiencing problems related to self-harm, mental disorders, sexual assault, substance abuse, and physical health problems was associated with risk of suicide, as evaluated by counselors.This seemingly is the first study to compare clinical scores of helpline callers to those of the general population and significantly higher levels of suicidal ideation were found among helpline callers.
Collapse
|
13
|
The blue whale challenge from urban legend to real harm: Case study analyses of Chinese suicide attempters. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Gould MS, Lake AM, Kleinman M, Galfalvy H, McKeon R. Third-party callers to the national suicide prevention lifeline: Seeking assistance on behalf of people at imminent risk of suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:37-48. [PMID: 34032311 PMCID: PMC9292340 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assist suicidal individuals, people in their social network are often directed to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline). The study's objective was to provide information on third-party calls made out of concern for another person. METHOD Reports on 172 third-party calls concerning individuals deemed to be at imminent suicide risk were completed by 30 crisis counselors at six Lifeline crisis centers. RESULTS Third-party callers were most likely to be calling about a family member or friend and were significantly more likely than persons at risk to be female and middle-aged or older. Counselors were able to collect information about suicide risk, and counselors and third-parties were nearly always able to identify at least one intervention to aid the person at risk. Emergency services were contacted on 58.1 percent of the calls, which represents a somewhat higher rate of emergency services involvement than previously reported on imminent risk calls placed by the person at risk. Characteristics of third-parties and persons-at-risk each predicted emergency service involvement, but counselor characteristics did not. Non-emergency interventions were implemented on 68.6 percent of calls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals calling the Lifeline when they are worried about someone are provided a range of interventions which can supplement, and at times replace, calling 911.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn S. Gould
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCollege of Physicians & SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA,Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA,New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Alison M. Lake
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Marjorie Kleinman
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Physicians & SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA,Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Richard McKeon
- Division of Prevention, Traumatic Stress, and Special Programs in the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS)Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationRockvilleMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coppersmith DDL, Dempsey W, Kleiman EM, Bentley KH, Murphy SA, Nock MK. Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Suicide Prevention: Promise, Challenges, and Future Directions. Psychiatry 2022; 85:317-333. [PMID: 35848800 PMCID: PMC9643598 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2022.2092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The suicide rate (currently 14 per 100,000) has barely changed in the United States over the past 100 years. There is a need for new ways of preventing suicide. Further, research has revealed that suicidal thoughts and behaviors and the factors that drive them are dynamic, heterogeneous, and interactive. Most existing interventions for suicidal thoughts and behaviors are infrequent, not accessible when most needed, and not systematically tailored to the person using their own data (e.g., from their own smartphone). Advances in technology offer an opportunity to develop new interventions that may better match the dynamic, heterogeneous, and interactive nature of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphones and wearables, are designed to provide the right type of support at the right time by adapting to changes in internal states and external contexts, offering a promising pathway toward more effective suicide prevention. In this review, we highlight the potential of JITAIs for suicide prevention, challenges ahead (e.g., measurement, ethics), and possible solutions to these challenges.
Collapse
|
16
|
McGillivray L, Shand F, Calear AL, Batterham PJ, Rheinberger D, Chen NA, Burnett A, Torok M. The Youth Aware of Mental Health program in Australian Secondary Schools: 3- and 6-month outcomes. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:79. [PMID: 34674726 PMCID: PMC8529373 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-021-00503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The evidence base for suicide prevention programs in Australian schools is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a universal, mental health promotion and suicide prevention program-Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM)-on suicidal ideation, mental health, and help-seeking in Australian secondary school students from baseline to post-intervention and 6-month follow up. METHODS Using a single-arm design, the YAM program was delivered to Year 9 students (13-16 years) in secondary schools located within four regions across New South Wales, Australia. A structured self-report questionnaire using validated scales was administered at each time point. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to examine differences in suicidal ideation scores across time, while accounting for random effects of individual schools. RESULTS Suicidal ideation reduced significantly from baseline to post, and from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.001). Depression severity declined (p < 0.001) and help-seeking intentions increased (p < 0.001) at post-intervention and 6- months following the intervention period. No suicide deaths were reported for any study participants. CONCLUSION The current findings provide preliminary evidence that the YAM program is a promising preventive intervention for Australian schools, particularly for reducing suicidal ideation, depression and increasing help-seeking intentions in young people. The implementation of YAM in a large number of schools across New South Wales demonstrates the feasibility, and acceptability by schools, of implementing this program at scale. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR, ACTRN12619000338167. Registered 5 March 2019-Retrospectively registered, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376989&isReview=true .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McGillivray
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Eggleston Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Eggleston Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Demee Rheinberger
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Nicola A Chen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Alexander Burnett
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peter SC, Lipinski AJ, Savage UC, Dodson TS, Tran HN, Majeed R, Beck JG. Can the Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization Be Used to Predict Completion of a Mental Health Assessment Following Intimate Partner Violence? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:7371-7392. [PMID: 30862236 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519834995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) may experience mental health problems. Although some survivors access mental health resources to address these concerns, many discontinue prematurely. One model of health care utilization that has recently gained attention in the trauma literature is the behavioral model of health care utilization (BMHU). This model considers three groups of variables in predicting health care utilization: immutable predisposing variables (e.g., age), enabling resources (e.g., income), and measures of need (e.g., symptom severity). The current study tested the BMHU's ability to predict completion of a free, multisession mental health evaluation for female survivors of IPV (N = 214). Two models were tested, each assessing a separate need-based predictor: The first model assessed symptoms of depression and the second model assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results were consistent across both models and suggested that younger age and receiving public assistance were both associated with a lower likelihood of completing the evaluation. Contrary to the BMHU's assumed positive relation between symptom severity and health care utilization, greater severity of depression and PTSD symptoms were both associated with a lower likelihood of completing the evaluation. It is possible that following IPV, experiencing psychological distress may engender help-seeking but too much distress may serve as a barrier to continued utilization. Future research should seek to better understand the complex relation between need and access, in the context of mental health care, and develop strategies for retaining IPV survivors who access mental health resources.
Collapse
|
18
|
A Threshold Task to Determine Help-Seeking for Deliberate Self-Injury: a Proof of Concept Study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Confectioner K, Currie A, Gabana N, van Gerven N, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Gouttebarge V. Help-seeking behaviours related to mental health symptoms in professional football. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001070. [PMID: 34055385 PMCID: PMC8130748 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The primary objective was to examine the attitudes of professional footballers towards help-seeking behaviours related to mental health symptoms and the impact of a mental health awareness video on these help-seeking behaviours. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether the mental health awareness video was feasible in professional football. Methods A quasi-experimental study based on a one-group pretest post-test was conducted using a questionnaire. Attitude, help-seeking behaviours and confidence were measured with validated questionnaires, including the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) and General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ). Results Sixty-five professional footballers (63% men; 37% women) were enrolled in the study. The mean ATSPPH-SF score was 18.1 at pretest and 19.4 at post-test (p=0.00). The mean GHSQ score was 47.6 at pretest and 48.9 at post-test (p=0.00). The level of confidence in helping someone experiencing mental health symptoms was 11.1 at pretest and 11.7 at post-test (p=0.00). All participants rated the mental health awareness video as relevant; 88% mentioned that it added value to raise awareness about mental health symptoms and disorders in professional football. Eighty-three per cent rated the design positively, 69% were positive about the duration of the video and 88% of participants reported an increase in their knowledge and understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders in professional football. Conclusion The mental health awareness video led to a better attitude of professional footballers towards mental health. We recommend the mental health awareness video be implemented in professional football to disseminate essential information related to mental health symptoms in professional football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Currie
- Regional Affective Disorders Service, Cumbria, Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK.,Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Nicolle Gabana
- Athletic Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Football Players Worldwide (FIFPRO), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Online Peer Counseling for Suicidal Ideation: Participant Characteristics and Reasons for Using or Refusing This Service. PSYCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psych3020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[U25] is a German online-peer-counseling service for adolescents with suicidal ideation, who typically do not seek or receive adequate counseling. We conducted an online survey in order to compare persons who receive online counseling by [U25] compared to those who are visitors of [U25] websites but do not (yet) receive counseling. Via online survey, all visitors to the [U25] websites were invited to fill in a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, utilization reasons, and barriers. Our final sample consisted of n = 318 counseling clients, n = 1127 persons who have not yet sought help but intend to do so (“prospective clients”), and n = 444 persons who do not consider [U25] counseling for themselves (“refusers”). Clients were more often female and showed positive attitudes toward online counseling. Low perceived need for counseling was the most frequent barrier reported by the refusers, whereas fear of stigma and practical barriers were rarely reported; younger and male refusers reported needing to write down one’s problems as a barrier more often. Self-selection might reduce generalizability of our results. Online counseling can facilitate receiving psychosocial support for young persons with suicidal ideation, particularly if barriers are addressed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Clark LH, Hudson JL, Dunstan DA, Clark GI. Barriers and facilitating factors to help‐seeking for symptoms of clinical anxiety in adolescent males. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura H. Clark
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Jennifer L. Hudson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Debra A. Dunstan
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Factors Associated with Distress in Caregivers of People with Personality Disorders. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1298-1310. [PMID: 32445075 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated how stressors experienced by caregivers of people with personality disorders relate to each other and psychological distress, using the Stress Process Model (Pearlin et al. in Gerontologist 30(5):583-594, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.583 , 1990). A community sample of caregivers (N = 106) completed an online survey. Partial Least Squares Path Modelling revealed that caregivers who were male, younger, or residing with their loved one were more likely to experience stressors. Salient primary stressors included the caregivers' worry and care-receivers' levels of instrumental demands and interpersonal problems. Important secondary stressors included strains in the caregivers' schedules, family relationships, and health, as well as reduced mastery and caregiving esteem. The model provided preliminary support for a pathway from demographic and relationship characteristics, through primary and secondary stressors, to heightened psychological distress. The present study clarifies the way caregiving stressors give rise to psychological distress; directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nickerson A, Byrow Y, Pajak R, McMahon T, Bryant RA, Christensen H, Liddell BJ. 'Tell Your Story': a randomized controlled trial of an online intervention to reduce mental health stigma and increase help-seeking in refugee men with posttraumatic stress. Psychol Med 2020; 50:781-792. [PMID: 30973115 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees report elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but are relatively unlikely to seek help for their symptoms. Mental health stigma is a key barrier to help-seeking amongst refugees. We evaluated the efficacy of an online intervention in reducing self-stigma and increasing help-seeking in refugee men. METHODS Participants were 103 refugee men with PTSD symptoms from Arabic, Farsi or Tamil-speaking backgrounds who were randomly assigned to either receive an 11-module online stigma reduction intervention specifically designed for refugees ('Tell Your Story', TYS) or to a wait-list control (WLC) group. Participants completed online assessments of self-stigma for PTSD and help-seeking, and help-seeking intentions and behaviors at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 1 month follow-up. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, compared to the WLC, TYS resulted in significantly smaller increases in self-stigma for seeking help from post-treatment to follow-up (d = 0.42, p = 0.008). Further, participants in the TYS conditions showed greater help-seeking behavior from new sources at follow-up (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.19-1.18, p = 0.007) than those in the WLC. The WLC showed significantly greater increases in help-seeking intentions from post-intervention to follow-up (d = 0.27, p = 0.027), relative to the TYS group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation of a mental health stigma reduction program specifically designed for refugees. Findings suggest that evidence-based stigma reduction strategies are beneficial in targeting self-stigma related to help-seeking and increasing help-seeking amongst refugees. These results indicate that online interventions focusing on social contact may be a promising avenue for removing barriers to accessing help for mental health symptoms in traumatized refugees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Yulisha Byrow
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Rosanna Pajak
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Tadgh McMahon
- Settlement Services International, Sydney, NSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Belinda J Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Isaak CA, Mota N, Medved M, Katz LY, Elias B, Mignone J, Munro G, Sareen J. Conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health concerns in First Nations communities in Canada: A comparison of fit with the Andersen Behavioral Model. Transcult Psychiatry 2020; 57:346-362. [PMID: 32116153 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520906978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored the fit between on-reserve First Nations community members' conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health concerns and the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Youth, adults and elders (N = 115) living and or working in eight distinct First Nations communities within a tribal council area in Canada participated in focus groups or individual interviews that were transcribed, coded and then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach informed by grounded theory methodology. Resulting themes were then mapped onto the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Participants' conceptualizations of predisposing characteristics including social structures, health beliefs and mental illness, enabling and impeding resources had a high degree of fit with the model. While perspectives on perceived need for mental health care, and spirituality as a health and lifestyle practice had only moderate fit with the model, these domains could be modified to fit First Nations' interpretations of help-seeking. Participants' perceptions of avoidant strategies and non-use of mental health services, however did not map onto the model. These findings suggest conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health issues in these First Nations communities are only partially characterized by the Andersen Behavioral Model, suggesting there are a number of considerations to Indigenize the model. Findings also highlight potential explanations for why some members of this population may not access or receive appropriate mental health treatment. Multi-pronged efforts are warranted to link culturally normed pathways of help-seeking with effective mental health supports for First Nations community members in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Medved
- University of Manitoba, Canada.,The American University of Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parental Influences on University Students’ Mental Help‐Seeking Intentions. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Park SY, Andalibi N, Zou Y, Ambulkar S, Huh-Yoo J. Understanding Students' Mental Well-Being Challenges on a University Campus: Interview Study. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e15962. [PMID: 32134393 PMCID: PMC7082737 DOI: 10.2196/15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that emerging adults face numerous stressors as they transition from adolescence to adulthood. This paper investigates university students' lived experiences of maintaining mental well-being during major life events and challenges associated with this transitional period. As we continue to design health technology to support students' mental health needs, it is imperative to understand the fundamental needs and issues particular to this phase of their life to effectively engage and lower the barriers to seeking help. OBJECTIVE This study first aimed to understand how university students currently seek and receive support to maintain their mental well-being while going through frequent life events during this period of emerging adulthood. The study then aimed to provide design requirements for how social and technical systems should support the students' mental well-being maintenance practice. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 19 students, including graduate and undergraduate students, were conducted at a large university in the Midwest in the United States. RESULTS This study's findings identified three key needs: students (1) need to receive help that aligns with the perceived severity of the problem caused by a life event, (2) have to continuously rebuild relationships with support givers because of frequent life events, and (3) negotiate tensions between the need to disclose and the stigma associated with disclosure. The study also identified three key factors related to maintaining mental well-being: time, audience, and disclosure. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this study's empirical findings, we discuss how and when help should be delivered through technology to better address university students' needs for maintaining their mental well-being, and we argue for reconceptualizing seeking and receiving help as a colearning process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nazanin Andalibi
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yikai Zou
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Siddhant Ambulkar
- School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jina Huh-Yoo
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McGillivray L, Torok M, Calear A, Shand F, Mackinnon A, Kuhnert RL, Batterham P, Rosebrock H, Mok K, Zbukvic I, Christensen H. Suicide prevention among young people: A study protocol for evaluating Youth Aware of Mental Health in Australian secondary schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2019.200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
28
|
Labouliere CD, Stanley B, Lake AM, Gould MS. Safety Planning on Crisis Lines: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Perceived Helpfulness of a Brief Intervention to Mitigate Future Suicide Risk. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:29-41. [PMID: 31112330 PMCID: PMC7507118 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of crisis hotlines traditionally was limited to de-escalation and service linkage. However, hotlines are increasingly recruited to provide outreach and follow-up to suicidal individuals. Hotlines have the opportunity to not just defuse current crises but also provide brief interventions to mitigate future risk. The Safety Planning Intervention (SPI) is a brief intervention designed to help manage suicidal crises, but its feasibility and effectiveness on hotlines are not established. AIMS This study examined feasibility and perceived effectiveness of SPI, as reported by 271 crisis counselors at five centers in the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network. METHOD Counselors were trained to use SPI. Self-report surveys were completed immediately after training (time 1) and at the end of the study, approximately 9 months later (time 2). RESULTS Counselors reported that SPI was feasible and helpful, and was used on both incoming and follow-up calls. Utilization and perceived effectiveness at time 2 were predicted by self-efficacy, feasibility, and helpfulness at time 1. LIMITATIONS Results are preliminary and limited to counselors' perceptions. Future RCTs should establish efficacy of SPI for crisis callers. CONCLUSION The Safety Planning Intervention is a promising approach to reduce crisis callers' future suicide risk that hotline counselors report is both feasible and helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University,New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Madelyn S. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University,New York State Psychiatric Institute
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Otsuka H, Anamizu S, Fujiwara S, Ito R, Enomoto M, Furukawa M, Takano A. Japanese young adults' attitudes toward suicide and its influencing factors. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 47:101831. [PMID: 31677397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated young Japanese adults' attitudes toward suicide and factors affecting them. Results revealed that 28.78% of respondents had serious suicidal ideation history; 18.53% knew suicidal others; and 15.29% took suicide-prevention training. A t-test showed that respondents' "Right to suicide" and "Common occurrence" scores were higher with suicidal ideation history, but "Unjustified behavior" was lower than in those without history. Results indicated that certain young adults were unsupportive by being permissive of suicide due to their suicidal ideation or becoming bystanders due to inexperience. For young Japanese adults, enhancing preventive education to alter permissive/bystander attitudes is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Otsuka
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
| | | | - Shoko Fujiwara
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Risa Ito
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Mariko Enomoto
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Mayumi Furukawa
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Akira Takano
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ko J, Frey JJ, Harrington D. Preventing Suicide Among Working-Age Adults: The Correlates of Help-Seeking Behavior. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2019; 56:46958019850979. [PMID: 31130054 PMCID: PMC6537239 DOI: 10.1177/0046958019850979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the correlates with not seeking help among working-age adults with suicidal ideation. By adapting the integrated model of suicide help-seeking, we examined help-seeking behavior in the following 3 stages: problem recognition, decision to seek help, and sources of help. We used a sample of working-age adults between 26 and 64 years old, who reported suicidal ideation in the past year (N = 1414). Data were drawn from the 2011 and 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. Findings suggested that being male, being nonwhite, being employed full-time, having lower levels of general mental health needs, and not having health insurance were associated with not seeking help. Results also indicated how each factor was related in the help-seeking pathway. Strategies to help problem recognition can be effective in enhancing help-seeking behavior among men, racial/ethnic minorities, and those without serious clinical conditions. Help-seeking interventions for working-age adults with suicidal ideation should also consider that race/ethnic minorities and those with lower levels of functional impairment might rely on alternative sources of help, such as family, friends, and religious advisors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Aboussouan A, Snow A, Cerel J, Tucker RP. Non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, and past suicide attempts: Comparison between transgender and gender diverse veterans and non-veterans. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:186-194. [PMID: 31446379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, especially veterans, experience elevated rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide related behaviors compared to gender majority individuals. Research has yet to compare TGD veterans to non-veterans or look at correlates of NSSI and related behaviors to suicide related outcomes. This study examines prevalence and suicide related correlates of NSSI among TGD veterans and TGD non-veterans. METHOD Data analyzed in the were part of the Trans Lifeline Mental Health Survey. Both TGD veterans (N = 313) and non-veterans (N = 3,972) completed an online, cross-sectional survey that included self-report measures of NSSI, suicidal ideation (SI), and suicidal attempt (SA) along with lifetime hospitalization and avoidance of care due to NSSI. RESULTS Results of this paper indicate that prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA are elevated in both the TGD veterans and non-veteran subpopulations. Further, veterans compared to non-veterans have a lower prevalence of NSSI but higher prevalence of hospitalization when self-harm is inflicted, reflecting more healthcare utilization or increased severity of NSSI episodes. Additionally, veterans were less likely to avoid care due to NSSI. Further, veteran status seemed to be a protective factor against demographic differences that increased rates of NSSI history in non-veteran TGD individuals. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this study include its cross-sectional study design, one question assessing SA, and few TGD male veterans. CONCLUSION NSSI is an important risk factor in future suicide related outcome such as SI and SA. Further, differences in healthcare utilization among TGD veterans and non-veterans are apparent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alix Aboussouan
- Louisiana State University, 216 Audubon, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | | | | | - Raymond P Tucker
- Louisiana State University, 216 Audubon, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilks CR, Yee Ang S, Wang X, Arunagiri V, Ward-Ciesielski EF. Exploring Preference to Avoid or Seek Help in Person and Online Among College Students with Suicidal Ideation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Suicidal thoughts, for which college students are at risk, tend to be negatively associated with intentions to seek therapy, particularly among college-aged men. Emerging research suggests college students may seek psychological help online; however, factors that explain why they avoid help and/or may prefer online help remain unknown. Method: 816 college students completed measures of suicidal ideation, help-seeking intentions, and theoretical mediators and moderators of their relationship. Results: Suicidal ideation was associated with stronger preference for online help among female, but not male respondents. The indirect effect of suicidal ideation on help negation via interpersonal difficulties was positive where self-concealment was high but negative where it was low. This pattern, however, was not found for online help preference. Conclusions: Online interventions can augment suicide prevention and intervention for college students. However, suicidal male students may be less likely to utilize online help sources. The mechanisms underlying this gender difference remain unclear. More research is needed to understand how help-negation in college-aged men can be addressed in online intervention platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sin Yee Ang
- University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics
| | - Xiyao Wang
- University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kenny R, Fitzgerald A, Segurado R, Dooley B. Is there an app for that? A cluster randomised controlled trial of a mobile app-based mental health intervention. Health Informatics J 2019; 26:1538-1559. [PMID: 31702409 DOI: 10.1177/1460458219884195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Demand for the use of mobile apps in mental health interventions has grown in recent years, particularly among adolescents who experience elevated levels of distress. However, there is a scarcity of evidence for the effectiveness of these tools within this population. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of CopeSmart, a mental health mobile app, using a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial design. Participants were 15-18-years-olds (N = 560) recruited from 10 schools randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition. Intervention participants used the app over a 4-week period. Multi-level modelling analyses revealed no significant changes in the intervention group from pre-test to post-test, when compared to the control group, in terms of emotional distress, well-being, emotional self-awareness or coping strategies. Findings suggest that a 4-week app-based intervention may not be enough to elicit intra-personal changes in mental health outcomes in a general adolescent population.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sindahl TN, Côte LP, Dargis L, Mishara BL, Bechmann Jensen T. Texting for Help: Processes and Impact of Text Counseling with Children and Youth with Suicide Ideation. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1412-1430. [PMID: 30468267 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore: (1) how children contacting a child helpline with suicide ideation differ from children discussing other topics, (2) whether text messaging effectively helps, and (3) which counselor behaviors are most effective. METHOD Of 6,060 text sessions at the Danish national child helpline, 444 concerned suicidality, of which the 102 sessions that included self-rated, end Session ratings were selected for content analysis. RESULTS Twenty-six percentage of suicidal children had severe suicidality. The suicide sample had significantly more girls, was older than the nonsuicide sample, and more often recontacted the helpline in the 2 weeks prior to follow-up. 35.9% of suicidal children felt better immediately and over half ended the session with a plan of action. At follow-up, 23.9% of suicidal children reported feeling better; however, 37.0% reported feeling worse. Talking about emotions, expressing empathy, and encouraging the child to talk to someone were associated with positive impacts. Setting boundaries was associated with negative impacts. CONCLUSIONS Texting with suicidal children can be helpful, but should be considered a first step toward obtaining more sustainable help. Research is needed to determine how to better help children who felt worse or did not improve in the 2 weeks after contacting the helpline. Suggestions to further training of counselors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine N Sindahl
- University of Copenhagen and Børns Vilkår, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Luc Dargis
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ward‐Ciesielski EF, Limowski AR, Kreper SN, McDermott MJ. Relationships Between Treatment Attitudes, Psychological Symptoms, Emotional Competence, and Help‐Seeking Intentions. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Milner A, Aitken Z, Law PCF, LaMontagne AD, Mann C, Cooper T, Witt K. The relationship between an electronic mental health stigma campaign and suicidal thoughts and behaviours: a two-arm randomized controlled trial in the Australian construction industry. Health Promot Int 2019; 35:478-485. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Males employed in the construction industry are at greater risk of suicide than other employed males. It is plausible that a high level of stigma against mental health problems explains the elevated rates of suicide among this group. This study sought to test the effectiveness of an electronic mental health stigma intervention on suicide ideation, communication about suicide and attempts. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a series of brief contact interventions over a 6-week period or a wait list control. Suicidal ideation, communication about suicide and suicide attempts were assessed using the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised at post-intervention. We used linear regression to assess effectiveness at post-intervention, adjusting for relevant covariates using both conventional methods and a propensity score approach. Results indicate that the intervention had no significant impact on suicidal thoughts, communication or suicide attempts. There was some indication that individuals in the intervention group reported a slight increase in attempts and communication about suicide. These observations underscore an urgent need for more research to understand the complex and nuanced relationship between stigma and suicide in non-clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Milner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Health Equity, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Z Aitken
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Health Equity, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - P C F Law
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Health Equity, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - A D LaMontagne
- School of Health and Social Development, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - C Mann
- Incolink – Victoria, 1 Pelham Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - T Cooper
- Incolink – Victoria, 1 Pelham Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - K Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Influence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms on Help-Seeking Intentions in Individual Sport Athletes and Non-Athletes: The Role of Gender and Athlete Status. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Ko J. Help-seeking Pathway among Working-Age Adults with Suicidal Ideation: Testing the Integrated Model of Suicide Help-seeking. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 33:467-482. [PMID: 30451101 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2018.1546251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite a high suicide rate among working-age adults, there is a significant lack of empirical evidence on their help-seeking behavior. This study tested the integrated model of suicide help-seeking to examine help-seeking behavior as a continuous decision-making process. Data were drawn from the 2011 and 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 1,414). Results from structural equational modeling analyses demonstrated that the integrated model fit reasonably well among the sample. Suicide help-seeking behavior is characterized by an inequitable access, where enabling factors affect throughout the help-seeking pathway. The results provide a foundation for future help-seeking interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungyai Ko
- a School of Social Welfare , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Gangwon-do , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nam B, Wilcox HC, Hilimire M, DeVylder JE. Perceived need for care and mental health service utilization among college students with suicidal ideation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:713-719. [PMID: 29384469 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1434779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify correlates of service utilization and perceived need for care among college students with suicidal ideation. PARTICIPANTS Respondents were recruited from introductory psychology courses at an undergraduate college during the Fall 2014 semester. METHODS Independent correlates of (1) mental health service utilization, (2) self-perceived need, and (3) other-perceived need for mental health services among college students (N = 190) with suicidal ideation were identified. RESULTS Service utilization was associated with need for care as perceived by others. Perceived need for care by others was associated with suicidal ideation intensity and suicide attempt history. Perceived need by the respondents themselves was correlated with depression severity, sex, and race but was not independently associated with actual service utilization. CONCLUSIONS Perceived need by others was the sole significant correlate of service utilization, suggesting it is an important target for public health interventions aimed at facilitating pathways into mental health treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Nam
- a School of Social Work, University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- b Department of Mental Health , Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Matthew Hilimire
- c Department of Psychology , The College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia , USA
| | - Jordan E DeVylder
- a School of Social Work, University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
- d Graduate School of Social Service , Fordham University , New York , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Help-seeking intention for depression in early adolescents: Associated factors and sex differences. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:359-365. [PMID: 29908475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeking help from others is an essential behavioural intention for humans to adapt to the social environment. Transgenerational and gender-related mechanisms of how this intention is shaped is an important but unresolved question in adolescent development. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the factors promoting or inhibiting intention to seek help for depression in 10-year-olds, including transgenerational factors, and to investigate the sex differences in the effect of these factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a community of 4478 10-year-old children and their parents using self-report questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The dependent variable was intention of seeking help for depression, which was assessed using a depression case vignette. Independent variables were demographic, psychological, and transgenerational/social factors including depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, tendency to help classmates, and parents' help-seeking intention. RESULTS Girls were more likely to seek help than boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors promoting help-seeking intention included the recognition of a need for help, emotional openness, tendency to help classmates, parents' positive intention of seeking help for depression, and the number of people to consult. The inhibiting factors included depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, and gender norms regarding problem solving. Gender norms inhibited intention of seeking help for depression more strongly in boys than in girls. CONCLUSIONS Parents' and children's help-seeking intention were correlated to each other. Actions should be considered against gender norms presuming that boys should solve their own problems. Further, these actions should target adults as much as adolescents.
Collapse
|
41
|
Israeli H, Itamar S, Shahar G. The heroic self under stress: Prospective effects on anxious mood in Israeli adults exposed to missile attacks. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
Kayrouz R, Dear BF, Karin E, Fogliati VJ, Gandy M, Keyrouz L, Nehme E, Terides MD, Titov N. Acceptability of Mental Health Services for Anxiety and Depression in an Arab Sample. Community Ment Health J 2018; 54:875-883. [PMID: 29368132 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to examine the acceptability and use of mental health services in an Arab sample. An Internet survey was made available to Arab people worldwide and enquired about the acceptability of traditional face-to-face and internet-delivered mental health services. Five hundred and three participants were recruited via media and Facebook promotions. Of those surveyed, 36% (183/503), 46% (233/503), and 73% (365/503) reported that they would be willing to consult a mental health professional, take prescription medication and try an internet-delivered psychological treatment, respectively. Moderate to high acceptability rates for mental health services were found in this sample of Arab people. High acceptability of internet-delivered treatments among the current Arab sample, provides the opportunity for directing resources to the development of internet-delivered interventions to help reduce the stigma and burden of mental disease in the Arab world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rony Kayrouz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. .,eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Blake F Dear
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Eyal Karin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vincent J Fogliati
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Milena Gandy
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew D Terides
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nickolai Titov
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Han J, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Wu Y, Xue J, van Spijker BA. Development and pilot evaluation of an online psychoeducational program for suicide prevention among university students: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interv 2018; 12:111-120. [PMID: 30135775 PMCID: PMC6096328 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is the second leading cause of death for the university aged population globally. A significant proportion of students with suicidal ideation or behaviours do not seek professional help. Few primary suicide prevention programs have specifically targeted help seeking for suicidal ideation or behaviours among university students. METHODS This study reported the development and pilot test of a brief, two-module online psychoeducational program (ProHelp) that aimed to encourage help seeking for suicidal ideation and behaviours among university students. The program consists of two five-minute modules that address the risk factors and warning signs of suicide, stigmatising attitudes, and perceived barriers to help seeking. 156 Chinese university students and 101 Australian university students were recruited to evaluate the effectiveness of this program at post-test and one-month follow-up. Participants were randomly assigned to the psychoeducational program or an attention control program. RESULTS Of the Chinese and Australian students who were randomised into the study, around 50% completed the two-day post-test survey, and 30% completed the one-month follow-up survey. Although no significant difference was found between the control and experimental group on professional help-seeking beliefs and intentions, both groups' help-seeking attitudes increased during the study (p = 0.003 for the post-test survey, and p = 0.008 for the follow-up survey). The experimental group in both countries demonstrated a significant improvement in suicide literacy at the post-test survey (p = 0.015) compared to control. Qualitative feedback indicated that the ProHelp program was user-friendly, clear, and helpful. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence that a brief online psychoeducational program could enhance university students' suicide literacy in both China and Australia. It also suggests that increasing suicide literacy might not be sufficient to improve students' help seeking, although effect sizes indicated that this low-intensity online approach shows promise in encouraging more positive beliefs towards help seeking and preparedness to help individuals with suicidal ideation among young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Marxism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Counseling and Support Services, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bregje A.J. van Spijker
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hedman-Robertson AS. Undergraduate Students' Exposure, Knowledge, Utilization, and Intended Use of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. CRISIS 2018; 39:110-118. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among college students. Crisis hotlines play a role in linking suicidal individuals to help. Despite leading to favorable outcomes, low utilization of crisis outlines has been reported. Aims: To explore exposure, knowledge, and utilization of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (NSPL) among a sample of university students; to determine if knowledge and perceived helpfulness of NSPL predict intent to use NSPL. Method: The researcher surveyed 560 students attending a Midwestern university to assess knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the NSPL. Results: Those who reported seeing the NSPL advert (50%) perceived the NSPL to be more helpful than those who had not seen the advert. Only 29% (n = 160) were able to identify who would answer the NSPL (a trained, skilled counselor). Only 1% (n = 4) reported utilization. Participants who reported past exposure to the NSPL advert reported higher levels of perceived helpfulness of the NSPL. Perceived helpfulness of the NSPL was a weak predictor of likelihood to use the NSPL. Limitations: The study limitations include its small sample size; participants' likelihood to use the NSPL was assessed using independent symptoms. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify college students' underlying attitudes toward the NSPL.
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu Q, Shrout PE. Accuracy and Bias in Perception of Distress Level and Distress Change Among Same-Sex College Student Roommate Dyads. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 44:899-913. [PMID: 29457752 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217754192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
University students often experience high levels of stress and, in some cases, the stress leads to tragic outcomes. An important question is whether roommates can perceive the level and change in distress in their peers. We examined self- and other-reports of 187 same-sex undergraduate dyads at two times in a spring semester. Using the truth and bias model, we found that roommates tended to underestimate their partner's distress at both time points, and that ratings were equally influenced by truth and self-focus bias forces. For change, however, there was no evidence of directional (average) bias, and perceived change was only significantly related to the truth force. There were no consistent moderation effects by closeness or gender. These findings are interpreted in the context of person perception theory and the practical need for early warning about extreme distress in college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- 1 New York University, New York City, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
White MM, Clough BA, Casey LM. What do help-seeking measures assess? Building a conceptualization framework for help-seeking intentions through a systematic review of measure content. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 59:61-77. [PMID: 29153743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mental health services are underutilised by people who could benefit from treatment. Research into help-seeking intentions (HSI) is required to support interventions to increase service use. Existing HSI measures are not psychometrically robust and problems with content validity undermine research in this field. Our purpose was to create a clear conceptualization of HSI and systematically review the content of existing measures. Previous researchers had defined help-seeking and intentions separately, so the first step was to create a more comprehensive definition. Seven theoretical perspectives identified in the HSI literature were mapped onto the new definition and aggregated to form a conceptual framework that reflects expert opinion. This framework guided an analysis of item relevance and a comparison of completeness across measures. Most individual items (99.1%) were relevant, lending credibility to the proposed framework. However, no measure provided a complete assessment of the HSI construct. This study used a novel methodology to develop a definition and conceptual framework, both of which reflect sound theoretical perspectives and represent the consensus-view of experts. The current results will guide the development of stronger measures with improved construct validity and will support interventions aimed at improving help-seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M White
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Bonnie A Clough
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Leanne M Casey
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Han J, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Randall R. Factors Influencing Professional Help-Seeking for Suicidality. CRISIS 2017; 39:175-196. [PMID: 29052431 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the majority of people with suicidality do not seek help. Little systematic evaluation of factors influencing professional help-seeking has been done. AIMS To systematically evaluate the factors that influence professional help-seeking for suicidality. METHOD Published quantitative and qualitative studies in Medline and PsycInfo databases were reviewed following PRISMA. RESULTS In all, 55 relevant studies were identified. Of these, 15 studies examined professional help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation, among people with or without suicidality; 21 studies examined professional help-seeking behavior among people with suicidality; and 19 studies examined suicidal decedents' health services use. Several potential important barriers were identified including high self-reliance, lack of perceived need for treatment, and stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide, toward mental health issues, and toward seeking professional treatment. The presence of suicidality and mental health issues was found to generally decrease help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation while facilitating actual service use. Social support and informal support from family and friends also played an important role in professional help-seeking. LIMITATIONS Although the majority of the included studies were of sound quality, some of the factors identified in the review were assessed in relatively few studies, and most of the included studies were conducted in industrialized countries. CONCLUSION Further quantitative and qualitative studies examining the potential important factors in broader community samples, especially in developing countries, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- 1 Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- 1 Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- 1 Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rebecca Randall
- 1 Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Choo CC, Harris KM, Chew PKH, Ho RC. What predicts medical lethality of suicide attempts in Asian youths? Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 29:136-141. [PMID: 29061412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study explores youth suicide attempts in Singapore using multiple databases of comprehensive archival records. Three years of medical records related to suicide attempters (N=666) who were admitted to the emergency department of a large teaching hospital in Singapore were subjected to retrospective analysis. Compared to other age groups, a peak in suicide attempts (n=207) was observed in youths aged between 15 and 24 years old (76.3% females; 23.7% males, mean age=19.30, SD=2.89). The model using recognized risk and protective factors was significant in predicting medical lethality, and correctly classified 62.8% of high lethality cases. Only resolution of precipitant made a unique statistical significant contribution. Analysis was separately conducted for males and females. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol C Choo
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore.
| | - Keith M Harris
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter K H Chew
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Roger C Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Goodman ML, Serag H, Keiser PK, Gitari S, Raimer BG. Relative social standing and suicide ideation among Kenyan males: the interpersonal theory of suicide in context. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:1307-1316. [PMID: 28821916 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between subjective social status and suicide ideation in a sample of young Kenyan men (age 18-34 years). Situating insights from the interpersonal theory of suicide within social determinants of health framework, we consider whether lower subjective social status predicts lower collective self-esteem (CSE), hopelessness, less meaning in life and more loneliness, and whether these characteristics mediate associations between subjective social status and suicide ideation. METHOD A community-based, semi-rural sample (n = 532) of young men, aged 18-34 years, was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The survey questionnaire included the following validated scale items: the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, CSE, Herth Hope Index, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the Modified Scale for Suicide Ideation. Regression and mediation analyses were used to test hypotheses. RESULTS Nearly 12% of respondents reported suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was significantly more common among survey respondents who reported lower subjective social standing. In the first of two mediation models, we found that lower CSE and more loneliness mediate the association between lower subjective social status and suicide ideation. In the second model, we found that respondents with lower CSE and more loneliness expressed lower hope and meaning in life, which also mediated pathways to suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS Findings show a novel synthesis of social determinants literature with the interpersonal theory of suicide. Suicide ideation, along with other mental and social outcomes, may figure more prominently than previously appreciated in the benefits of socio-economic equality. Those who do not participate equally in socio-economic development may be at greater risk of engaging in suicide ideation and behaviors. Suicide prevention research and programmatic responses should adopt a health equity perspective to ensure that prevention is targeted where people are more likely to engage in suicide ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Goodman
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd; 4.314c Marvin Graves, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - H Serag
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd; 4.314c Marvin Graves, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - P K Keiser
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd; 4.314c Marvin Graves, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - S Gitari
- Maua Methodist Hospital, Meru County, Kenya
| | - B G Raimer
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd; 4.314c Marvin Graves, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Harris KM, Starcevic V, Ma J, Zhang W, Aboujaoude E. Suicidality, psychopathology, and the internet: Online time vs. online behaviors. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:341-346. [PMID: 28601719 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether several psychopathology variables, including suicidality, could predict the time people spend using the internet (hours online). Next, we examined a specific at-risk population (suicidal individuals) by their online behaviors, comparing suicidal individuals who went online for suicide-related purposes with suicidal individuals who did not go online for suicide-related purposes. An anonymous online sample of 713 (aged 18-71) reported hours online, psychiatric histories, and completed several standardized scales. After accounting for age and education, hierarchical regression modeling showed that the assessed psychopathology variables, including suicidality, did not explain significant variance in hours online. Hours online were better predicted by younger age, greater willingness to develop online relationships, higher perceived social support, higher curiosity, and lower extraversion. Suicidal participants, who did or did not go online for suicide-related purposes, did not differ on hours online. Multiple regression modeling showed that those who went online for suicide-related purposes were likely to be younger, more suicidal, and more willing to seek help from online mental health professionals. These findings revealed that hours online are not a valid indicator of psychopathology. However, studying online behaviors of specific at-risk groups could be informative and useful, including for suicide prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Harris
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney/Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Ma
- MBA School, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|