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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Sculean A, Božić D. Hyaluronic acid enhances cell migration, viability, and mineralized tissue-specific genes in cementoblasts. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:63-73. [PMID: 38069670 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It has been repeatedly demonstrated that cementum formation is a crucial step in periodontal regeneration. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important component of the extracellular matrix which regulates cells functions and cell-cell communication. Hyaluronic acid/derivatives have been used in regenerative periodontal therapy, but the cellular effects of HA are still unknown. To investigate the effects of HA on cementoblast functions, cell viability, migration, mineralization, differentiation, and mineralized tissue-associated genes and cementoblast-specific markers of the cementoblasts were tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were treated with various dilutions (0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128) of HA and examined for cell viability, migration, mineralization, and gene expressions. The mRNA expressions of osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I (COL-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) -1, 2, 3, 6, 7, β-catenin (Ctnnb1) were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was isolated on days 3 and 8, and cell viability was determined using MTT assay on days 1 and 3. The cell mineralization was evaluated by von Kossa staining on day 8. Cell migration was assessed 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours following exposure to HA dilutions using an in vitro wound healing assay (0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8). RESULTS At dilution of 1:2 to 1:128, HA importantly increased cell viability (p < .01). HA at a dilution of 1/2 increased wound healing rates after 4 h compared to the other dilutions and the untreated control group. Increased numbers of mineralized nodules were determined at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 compared with control group. mRNA expressions of mineralized tissue marker including COL-I, BSP, RunX2, ALP, and OCN significantly improved by HA treatments compared with control group both on 3 days and on 8 days (p < .01). Smad 2, Smad 3, Smad 7, and β-catenin (Ctnnb1) mRNAs were up-regulated, while Smad1 and Smad 6 were not affected by HA administration. Additionally, HA at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 remarkably enhanced CEMP-1 and CAP expressions in a dilution- and time-dependent manner (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The present results have demonstrated that HA affected the expression of both mineralized tissue markers and cementoblast-specific genes. Positive effects of HA on the cementoblast functions demonstrated that HA application may play a key role in cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema S Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serife Buket Bozkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Božić
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University Clinical hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Cappariello A, Muraca M, Teti A, Rucci N. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Express Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Other Molecules Informative of the Bone Metabolic Status of Mouse Models of Experimentally Induced Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:74-91. [PMID: 36282293 PMCID: PMC9813163 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent means of cell-to-cell communication. They are released in biological fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva, and can be exploited to identify new biomarkers of diseases. We hypothesized that EVs contain molecular cargos involved in bone metabolism, possibly mirroring biological differences between postmenopausal and disuse osteoporosis. We tested this hypothesis in primary murine osteoblasts subjected to steroid depletion or to unloading, and in the serum of animal models of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy or hindlimb tail suspension. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analysed by transmission electron microscopy, cytofluorimetry, immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Large-scale analyses were performed by Real-Time arrays and Proteome Profiler™ Antibody arrays. Finally, precise titration of analytes was carried out by ELISA assay. In vitro, we confirmed an increased release of EVs enriched in surface RANKL by primary mouse osteoblasts subjected to steroid depletion or simulated microgravity compared to controls. In vivo, circulating EVs isolated from the sera of control female mice expressed RANKL along with other genes associated with bone metabolism. Serum EVs from ovariectomized or hindlimb tail-suspended mice showed distinct molecular profiles. They expressed RANKL with different kinetics, while transcriptomic and proteomic profiles uncovered unique molecular signatures that discriminated the two conditions, unveiling exclusive molecules expressed in time- and osteoporosis type-dependent manner. These results suggest that circulating EVs could represent a new tool for monitoring the onset and the progression of diverse types of the disease in mice, paving the way for their exploitation to diagnose human osteoporosis in liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cappariello
- Research Laboratories, Department of Onco-Haematology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Rodrigues BM, Mathias LS, Deprá IDC, Cury SS, de Oliveira M, Olimpio RMC, De Sibio MT, Gonçalves BM, Nogueira CR. Effects of Triiodothyronine on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells: Novel Insights From a Global Transcriptome Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886136. [PMID: 35784485 PMCID: PMC9248766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a significant role in bone development and maintenance, with triiodothyronine (T3) particularly being an important modulator of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. However, details of the biological processes (BPs) and molecular pathways affected by T3 in osteoblasts remain unclear.Methods: To address this issue, primary cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to our previously established osteoinduction protocol, and the resultant osteoblast-like cells were treated with 1 nm or 10 nm T3 for 72 h. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed using the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the raw data using Kallisto and DESeq2. Enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed against the Gene Ontology Consortium database for BP terms using the R package clusterProfiler and protein network analysis by STRING.Results: Approximately 16,300 genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq, with 343 DEGs regulated in the 1 nm T3 group and 467 upregulated in the 10 nm T3 group. Several independent BP terms related to bone metabolism were significantly enriched, with a number of genes shared among them (FGFR2, WNT5A, WNT3, ROR2, VEGFA, FBLN1, S1PR1, PRKCZ, TGFB3, and OSR1 for 1nM T3; and FZD1, SMAD6, NOG, NEO1, and ENG for 10 nm T3). An osteoblast-related search in the literature regarding this set of genes suggests that both T3 doses are unfavorable for osteoblast development, mainly hindering BMP and canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling.Conclusions: Therefore, this study provides new directions toward the elucidation of the mechanisms of T3 action on osteoblast metabolism, with potential future implications for the treatment of endocrine-related bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Igor de Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Célia Regina Nogueira,
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yuan G, Yang G. circKLF4 Upregulates Klf4 and Endoglin to Promote Odontoblastic Differentiation of Mouse Dental Papilla Cells via Sponging miRNA-1895 and miRNA-5046. Front Physiol 2022; 12:760223. [PMID: 35222058 PMCID: PMC8865004 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a broad and diverse endogenous subfamily of non-coding RNAs, regulating the gene expression by acting as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge. However, the biological functions of circRNAs in odontoblast differentiation remain largely unknown. Our preliminary study identified an unknown mouse circRNA by circRNA sequencing generated from mouse dental papilla and we termed it circKLF4. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization were used and demonstrated that circKLF4 was upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation. Gene knockdown and overexpression assays indicated that circKLF4 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Mechanistically, we found that circKLF4 increased the linear KLF4 expression in a microRNA-dependent manner. By mutating the binding sites of microRNA and circKLF4, we further confirmed that circKLF4 acted as sponge of miRNA-1895 and miRNA-5046 to promote the expression of KLF4. We then also found that ENDOGLIN was also up-regulated by circKLF4 by transfection of circKLF4 overexpression plasmids with or without microRNA inhibitor. In conclusion, circKLF4 increases the expression of KLF4 and ENDOGLIN to promote odontoblastic differentiation via sponging miRNA-1895 and miRNA-5046.
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PPARγ-Induced Global H3K27 Acetylation Maintains Osteo/Cementogenic Abilities of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168646. [PMID: 34445348 PMCID: PMC8395443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is a soft connective tissue embedded between the alveolar bone and cementum, the surface hard tissue of teeth. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) actively express osteo/cementogenic genes, which contribute to periodontal tissue homeostasis. However, the key factors maintaining the osteo/cementogenic abilities of PDLF remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that PPARγ was expressed by in vivo periodontal ligament tissue and its distribution pattern correlated with alkaline phosphate enzyme activity. The knockdown of PPARγ markedly reduced the osteo/cementogenic abilities of PDLF in vitro, whereas PPARγ agonists exerted the opposite effects. PPARγ was required to maintain the acetylation status of H3K9 and H3K27, active chromatin markers, and the supplementation of acetyl-CoA, a donor of histone acetylation, restored PPARγ knockdown-induced decreases in the osteo/cementogenic abilities of PDLF. An RNA-seq/ChIP-seq combined analysis identified four osteogenic transcripts, RUNX2, SULF2, RCAN2, and RGMA, in the PPARγ-dependent active chromatin region marked by H3K27ac. Furthermore, RUNX2-binding sites were selectively enriched in the PPARγ-dependent active chromatin region. Collectively, these results identified PPARγ as the key transcriptional factor maintaining the osteo/cementogenic abilities of PDLF and revealed that global H3K27ac modifications play a role in the comprehensive osteo/cementogenic transcriptional alterations mediated by PPARγ.
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7
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Endoglin in the Spotlight to Treat Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063186. [PMID: 33804796 PMCID: PMC8003971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A spotlight has been shone on endoglin in recent years due to that fact of its potential to serve as both a reliable disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Indeed, endoglin has now been assigned many roles in both physiological and pathological processes. From a molecular point of view, endoglin mainly acts as a co-receptor in the canonical TGFβ pathway, but also it may be shed and released from the membrane, giving rise to the soluble form, which also plays important roles in cell signaling. In cancer, in particular, endoglin may contribute to either an oncogenic or a non-oncogenic phenotype depending on the cell context. The fact that endoglin is expressed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment suggests new possibilities for targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to review and discuss the many roles played by endoglin in different tumor types, as well as the strong evidence provided by pre-clinical and clinical studies that supports the therapeutic targeting of endoglin as a novel clinical strategy.
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8
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Schoonraad SA, Trombold ML, Bryant SJ. The Effects of Stably Tethered BMP-2 on MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts Encapsulated in a PEG Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1065-1079. [PMID: 33555180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a clinically used osteoinductive growth factor. With a short half-life and side effects, alternative delivery approaches are needed. This work examines thiolation of BMP-2 for chemical attachment to a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel using thiol-norbornene click chemistry. BMP-2 retained bioactivity post-thiolation and was successfully tethered into the hydrogel. To assess tethered BMP-2 on osteogenesis, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were encapsulated in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogels containing RGD and either no BMP-2, soluble BMP-2 (5 nM), or tethered BMP-2 (40-200 nM) and cultured in a chemically defined medium containing dexamethasone for 7 days. The hydrogel culture supported MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis regardless of BMP-2 presentation, but tethered BMP-2 augmented the osteogenic response, leading to significant increases in osteomarkers, Bglap and Ibsp. The ratio, Ibsp-to-Dmp1, highlighted differences in the extent of differentiation, revealing that without BMP-2, MC3T3-E1 cells showed a higher expression of Dmp1 (low ratio), but an equivalent expression with tethered BMP-2 and more abundant bone sialoprotein. In addition, this work identified that dexamethasone contributed to Ibsp expression but not Bglap or Dmp1 and confirmed that tethered BMP-2 induced the BMP canonical signaling pathway. This work presents an effective method for the modification and incorporation of BMP-2 into hydrogels to enhance osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael L Trombold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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9
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Lim JC, Bae SH, Lee G, Ryu CJ, Jang YJ. Activation of β-catenin by TGF-β1 promotes ligament-fibroblastic differentiation and inhibits cementoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1612-1623. [PMID: 32930424 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are known to be essential for the development of periodontal tissue. In this study, we examined the crosstalk between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ligament-fibroblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased the expression of ligament-fibroblastic markers, but such expression was preventing by treatment with SB431542, a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor. As well as phosphorylation of Smad3, TGF-β1 increased β-catenin activation. The depletion of β-catenin reduced the expression of ligament-fibroblastic markers, suggesting that β-catenin is essential for ligament differentiation. The effect of TGF-β1 on β-catenin activation did not seem to be much correlated with Wnt stimuli, but endogenous DKK1 was suppressed by TGF-β1, indicating that β-catenin activation could be increased much more by TGF-β1. In addition to DKK1 suppression, Smad3 phosphorylation by TGF-β1 facilitated the nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic β-catenin. In contrast to ligament-fibroblastic differentiation, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling was needed for cementoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs. BMP7 treatment accompanied by inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling had a synergistic effect on cementoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, β-catenin activation by TGF-β1 caused ligament-fibroblastic differentiation of hPDLCs, and the presence of TGF-β1 stimuli basically determined whether hPDLCs are differentiated into ligament progenitor or cementoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Lim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Gyutae Lee
- Yonsei Wooil Dental Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Fan FY, Deng R, Qiu L, Wen Q, Zeng Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Kong P, Zhong J, Zeng N, Li Z, Su Y, Zhang X. miR-203a-3p.1 is involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation by directly targeting Smad9 in MM-MSCs. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6339-6346. [PMID: 31788111 PMCID: PMC6865574 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of bone development and regeneration. The aim of the present study was to determine whether miR-203a-3p.1 is involved in osteogenic differentiation of multiple myeloma (MM)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the potential underlying mechanism. MSCs were isolated from patients with MM and normal subjects and confirmed by flow cytometry using specific surface markers. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of MM-MSCs was identified by Alizarin Red S calcium deposition staining and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of typical osteoblast differentiation markers. The role of miR-203a-3p.1 in the osteoblast differentiation of MM-MSCs was determined by gain or loss of function experiments. The target of miR-203a-3p.1 was identified using bioinformatics (including the miRNA target prediction database TargetScan, miRDB, DIANA TOOLS and venny 2.1.0), luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and western blotting. The expression levels of proteins involved in the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by western blot analysis. The results revealed that the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MM-MSCs was reduced when compared with normal (N)-MSCs, as demonstrated by a decrease in calcium deposition and mRNA expression of typical osteoblast differentiation markers, including ALP, OPN and OC. In addition, miR-203a-3p.1 was downregulated in N-MSCs following osteoblast induction, whereas no changes were observed in MM-MSCs. The downregulation of miR-203a-3p.1 resulted in increased osteogenic potential, as indicated by the increase in the mRNA expression levels of the typical osteoblast differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC). Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay analysis indicated that mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 (Smad9) may be a direct target of miR-203a-3p.1 in N-MSCs. The RT-qPCR and western blot assays revealed that overexpression of smad9 significantly enhanced the effect of miR-203a-3p.1 inhibitors on osteoblast markers, which indicated that miR-203a-3p.1 inhibitors may regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MM-MSCs by upregulating Smad9. In addition, the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated following miR-203a-3p.1 inhibition. These results suggest that miR-203a-3p.1 may serve an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of MM-MSCs by regulating Smad9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yunjing Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Peiyan Kong
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfan Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ningyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Endoglin is a conserved regulator of vasculogenesis in zebrafish - implications for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182320. [PMID: 31064821 PMCID: PMC6527926 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a progressive vascular disease with high mortality and prevalence. There is no effective treatment of HHT due to the lack of comprehensive knowledge of its underlying pathological mechanisms. The majority of HHT1 patients carry endoglin (ENG) mutations. Here, we used Danio rerio (zebrafish) as an in vivo model to investigate the effects of endoglin knockdown on vascular development. According to phylogenetic analyses and amino acid sequence similarity analyses, we confirmed that endoglin is conserved in vertebrates and descended from a single common ancestor. Endoglin is highly expressed in the vasculature beginning at the segmentation period in zebrafish. Upon endoglin knockdown by morpholinos, we observed disruption in the intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and decreased expression of several vascular markers. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results implied that the BMP-binding endothelial regulator (bmper) is a gene affected by endoglin knockdown. Rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpression of bmper significantly increased the number of endothelial cells (ECs) and reduced the defects at ISVs in zebrafish. Moreover, there was enhanced tube formation in ENG mutant ECs derived from a HHT patient after human recombinant BMPER (hrBMPER) stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest that bmper, a potential downstream gene of ENG, could be targeted to improve vascular integrity in HHT.
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Feigenson M, Jonason JH, Shen J, Loiselle AE, Awad HA, O'Keefe RJ. Inhibition of the Prostaglandin EP-1 Receptor in Periosteum Progenitor Cells Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation and Fracture Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:927-939. [PMID: 30980293 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex and integrated process that involves mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) recruitment, proliferation and differentiation that eventually results in bone regeneration. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important regulator of bone metabolism and has an anabolic effect on fracture healing. Prior work from our laboratory showed EP1-/- mice have enhanced fracture healing, stronger cortical bones, higher trabecular bone volume and increased in vivo bone formation. We also showed that bone marrow MSCs from EP1-/- mice exhibit increased osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. In this study we investigate the changes in the periosteal derived MPCs (PDMPCs), which are crucial for fracture repair, upon EP1 deletion. EP1-/- PDMPCs exhibit increased numbers of total (CFU-F) and osteoblastic colonies (CFU-O) as well as enhanced osteoblastic and chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, we tested the possible therapeutic application of a specific EP1 receptor antagonist to accelerate fracture repair. Our findings showed that EP1 antagonist administration to wild type mice in the early stages of repair similarly resulted in enhanced CFU-F, CFU-O, and osteoblast differentiation in PDMPCs and resulted in enhanced fracture callus formation at 10 days post fracture and increased bone volume and improved biomechanical healing of femur fractures at 21 days post fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Feigenson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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13
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Yu YH, Wilk K, Waldon PL, Intini G. In vivo identification of Bmp2-correlation networks during fracture healing by means of a limb-specific conditional inactivation of Bmp2. Bone 2018; 116:103-110. [PMID: 30048819 PMCID: PMC6613210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bmp2 is known to play an essential role in the initiation of fracture healing via periosteal activation. Specifically, activation and subsequent differentiation of periosteal progenitor cells requires Bmp2 signaling for activation of the osteo-chondrogenic pathway. Here, we explored the interactive transcriptional gene-gene interplays between Bmp2 and 150 known candidate genes during fracture repair. We constructed the interactive Bmp2 signaling pathways in vivo, by comparing gene expression levels prior and 24 h post femur fracture, in presence (wild type) and in absence of Bmp2 (Bmp2c/c;Prx1::cre limb-specific conditional knockout). Twenty-six differentially expressed genes (pre- vs. post-fracture), which demonstrated high correlations within each experimental condition, were used to construct the co-expression networks. Topological dynamic shifts across different co-expression networks characterized the 26 differentially expressed genes as non-redundant focal linking hubs, redundant connecting hubs, periphery genes, or non-existent. Top-ranked up- or down-regulated genes were identified and discussed. Protein-protein interactions in public databases support our findings. Thus, the co-expression networks from this study can be used for future experimental hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hua Yu
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Dept. of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - PhiAnh L Waldon
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USAa.
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14
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Comparative differentiation analysis of distinct oral tissue-derived cells in response to osteogenic stimulation. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1077-1089. [PMID: 29955966 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed cell populations from oral tissues may be superior to pure stem cells for regenerative approaches. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the osteogenic potential of mixed cells derived from oral connective tissues compared to alveolar osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cells were isolated from the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and gingiva. Following characterization by colony formation, growth capacity and flow cytometry, all cells were subjected to osteogenic differentiation induction and screened for a large panel of osteogenic markers using western blots, qPCR arrays, and matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase quantification. RESULTS Non-induced mixed cells from gingiva showed higher colony formation efficiency but decreased proliferation compared to non-induced periodontal mixed cells, while both entities revealed similar surface markers tested in this setup. Following osteogenic induction, all cell populations individually expressed receptors with distinctively activated downstream effectors. Gene expression of induced periodontal mixed cells was similar to alveolar osteoblasts, but was differently modulated in gingival mixed cells. The latter failed to achieve osteogenic differentiation in terms of matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity, which was well observed in periodontal mixed cells and osteoblasts. CONCLUSION Mixed cells from periodontal ligament but not from gingiva feature an inherent osteogenic capacity in vitro. From these results, it can be concluded that periodontal cells do not require further stem cell enrichment in order to qualify for bone regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data contribute to the development of novel cell-based therapies using mixed cells from the periodontal ligament in regenerative periodontics.
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15
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Gu X, Li M, Jin Y, Liu D, Wei F. Identification and integrated analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs reveal the potential ceRNA networks during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. BMC Genet 2017; 18:100. [PMID: 29197342 PMCID: PMC5712120 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have been exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) osteogenic differentiation. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were shown to function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on their target genes during cell differentiation. However, comprehensive identification and integrated analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs acting as ceRNAs during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation have not been performed. Results PDLSCs were derived from healthy human periodontal ligament and cultured separately with osteogenic induction and normal media for 7 days. Cultured PDLSCs were positive for STRO-1 and CD146 and negative for CD31 and CD45. Osteo-induced PDLSCs showed increased ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity and up-regulated expression levels of the osteogenesis-related markers ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin. Then, a total of 960 lncRNAs and 1456 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed by RNA sequencing. The expression profiles of eight lncRNAs and eight circRNAs were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were shown to agree with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, the potential functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs as ceRNAs were predicted based on miRanda and were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In total, 147 lncRNAs and 1382 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 148 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 744 messenger RNAs. These mRNAs were predicted to significantly participate in osteoblast differentiation, the MAPK pathway, the Wnt pathway and the signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Among them, lncRNAs coded as TCONS_00212979 and TCONS_00212984, as well as circRNA BANP and circRNA ITCH, might interact with miRNA34a and miRNA146a to regulate PDLSC osteogenic differentiation via the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This study comprehensively identified lncRNAs/circRNAs and first integrated their potential ceRNA function during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that specific lncRNAs and circRNAs might function as ceRNAs to promote PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and periodontal regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Effects of rhBMP-2 gene transfection to periodontal ligament cells on osteogenesis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160585. [PMID: 28396514 PMCID: PMC5484033 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone
morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament (PDL)
cells. The expression vector of rhBMP-2 (pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2) was established. PDL cells
were obtained through the enzymatic digestion and tissue explant methods and verified
by immunohistochemistry. Cells were classified into experimental (cells transfected
with pcDNA3.1/rhBMP-2-EGFP), blank (cells with no transfection) and control
group (cells transfected with empty plasmid). rhBMP-2 expression was assessed via
Western blotting analysis. The mineralization ability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
activity and level of related osteogenic biomarkers were detected to evaluate the
osteogenic characteristics of PDL cells. The rhBMP-2 expression vector
(pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2) was successfully established. Primary PDL cells displayed a star
or long, spindle shape. The cultured cells were long, spindle-shaped, had a plump
cell body and homogeneous cytoplasm and the ellipse nucleus contained two or three
nucleoli. Cells displayed a radial, sheaf-like or eddy-like arrangement after
adherence growth. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that cells originated from
mesenchymal opposed to epithelium. The experimental group exhibited an enhanced
mineralization ability, higher ALP activity and increased expression of rhBMP-2 and
osteogenic biomarkers (Runx2, collagen type I and osteocalcin) than the blank and
control group. The present study demonstrated that rhBMP-2 transfection enhances the
osteogenesis of PDL cells and provides a possibility for the application of rhBMP-2
expression products in dental disease treatment.
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17
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Feigenson M, Eliseev RA, Jonason JH, Mills BN, O'Keefe RJ. PGE2 Receptor Subtype 1 (EP1) Regulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Modulating Cellular Energy Metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4383-4393. [PMID: 28444901 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors capable of differentiation into osteoblasts and can potentially serve as a source for cell-based therapies for bone repair. Many factors have been shown to regulate MSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage such as the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)/Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathway that is critical for bone repair. PGE2 binds four different receptors EP1-4. While most studies focus on the role PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 in MSC differentiation, our study focuses on the less studied, receptor subtype 1 (EP1) in MSC function. Recent work from our laboratory showed that EP1-/- mice have enhanced fracture healing, stronger cortical bones, higher trabecular bone volume and increased in vivo bone formation, suggesting that EP1 is a negative regulator of bone formation. In this study, the regulation of MSC osteogenic differentiation by EP1 receptor was investigated using EP1 genetic deletion in EP1-/- mice. The data suggest that EP1 receptor functions to maintain MSCs in an undifferentiated state. Loss of the EP1 receptor changes MSC characteristics and permits stem cells to undergo more rapid osteogenic differentiation. Notably, our studies suggest that EP1 receptor regulates MSC differentiation by modulating MSC bioenergetics, preventing the shift to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by maintaining high Hif1α activity. Loss of EP1 results in inactivation of Hif1α, increased oxygen consumption rate and thus increased osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4383-4393, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Feigenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620
| | - Bradley N Mills
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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18
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Park KH, Cho EH, Bae WJ, Kim HS, Lim HC, Park YD, Lee MO, Cho ES, Kim EC. Role of PIN1 on in vivo periodontal tissue and in vitro cells. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:617-627. [PMID: 28198538 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) was reported in bone tissue, the precise role of PIN1 in periodontal tissue and cells remain unclear. MATERIAL & METHODS To elucidate the roles of PIN1 in periodontal tissue, its expression in periodontal tissue and cells, and effects on in vitro 4 osteoblast differentiation and the underlying signaling mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS PIN1 was expressed in mouse periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), cementoblasts and osteoblasts at the developing root formation stage (postnatal, PN14) and functional stage of tooth (PN28). Treatment of PIN1 inhibitor juglone, and gene silencing by RNA interference promoted osteoblast differentiation in PDLCs and cementoblasts, whereas the overexpression of PIN1 inhibited. Moreover, osteogenic medium-induced activation of AMPK, mTOR, Akt, ERK, p38 and NF-jB pathways were enhanced by PIN1 siRNA, but attenuated by PIN1 overexpression. Runx2 expressions were induced by PIN1 siRNA, but downregulated by PIN1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue, and in vitro PDLCs and cementoblasts. PIN1 inhibition stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and thus may play an important role in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-H Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-C Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-D Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-O Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-S Cho
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Yoo SH, Kim JG, Kim BS, Lee J, Pi SH, Lim HD, Shin HI, Cho ES, You HK. BST2 Mediates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP2 Signaling Pathway in Human Alveolar-Derived Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158481. [PMID: 27359105 PMCID: PMC4928849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells into osteoblasts remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) influences differentiation toward the osteoblasts lineage. BST2 mRNA expression in human alveolar-derived bone marrow stromal cells (hAD-BMSCs) increased during differentiation into osteoblasts. hAD-BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and the mRNA expression of the bone-specific markers alkaline phosphatase, collagen type α 1, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osterix were reduced by BST2 knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, BST2 knockdown in hAD-BMSCs resulted in decreased RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression. We hypothesized that BST2 is involved in differentiation of into osteoblasts via the BMP2 signaling pathway. Accordingly, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, BMP receptors (BMPR1 and 2), and the downstream signaling molecules SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in BST2 knockdown cells. BMP2 expression following the induction of differentiation was significantly lower in BST2 knockdown cells than in cells treated with a non-targeting control siRNA. Similar results were found for the knockdown of the BMP2 receptor- BMPR1A. We also identified significantly lower expression of SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in the BST2 knockdown cells than control cells. Our data provide the first evidence that BST2 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells via the regulation of the BMP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyang Yoo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Goo Kim
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
- Bone Cell Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Pi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dae Lim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun You
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ali IHA, Brazil DP. Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists: current and emerging clinical uses. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3620-32. [PMID: 24758361 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGFβ superfamily of secreted cysteine knot proteins that includes TGFβ1, nodal, activins and inhibins. BMPs were first discovered by Urist in the 1960s when he showed that implantation of demineralized bone into intramuscular tissue of rabbits induced bone and cartilage formation. Since this seminal discovery, BMPs have also been shown to play key roles in several other biological processes, including limb, kidney, skin, hair and neuronal development, as well as maintaining vascular homeostasis. The multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive targets for the treatment of several pathologies, including bone disorders, kidney and lung fibrosis, and cancer. This review will summarize current knowledge on the BMP signalling pathway and critically evaluate the potential of recombinant BMPs as pharmacological agents for the treatment of bone repair and tissue fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H A Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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21
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Fan W, Li J, Wang Y, Pan J, Li S, Zhu L, Guo C, Yan Z. CD105 promotes chondrogenesis of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells through Smad2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:338-344. [PMID: 27107692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be suitable for cell-based tissue regeneration. Expressions of different cell surface markers confer distinct differentiation potential to different sub-populations of MSCs. Understanding the effect of cell surface markers on MSC differentiation is essential to their targeted application in different tissues. Although CD105 positive MSCs possess strong chondrogenic capacity, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we observed a considerable heterogeneity with respect to CD105 expression among MSCs isolated from synovium. The CD105(+) and CD105(-) synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) were sorted to compare their differentiation capacities and relative gene expressions. CD105(+) subpopulation had higher gene expressions of AGG, COL II and Sox9, and showed a stronger affinity for Alcian blue and immunofluorescent staining for aggrecan and collagenase II, as compared to those in CD105(-) cells. However, no significant difference was observed with respect to gene expressions of ALP, Runx2, LPL and PPARγ. CD105(+) SMSCs showed increased levels of Smad2 phosphorylation, while total Smad2 levels were similar between the two groups. There was no difference in activation of Smad1/5. These results were further confirmed by CD105-knockdown in SMSCs. Our findings suggest a stronger chondrogenic potential of CD105(+) SMSCs in comparison to that of CD105(-) SMSCs and that CD105 enhances chondrogenesis of SMSCs by regulating TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway, but not Smad1/5. Our study provides a better understanding of CD105 with respect to chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghuan Li
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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22
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Ishibashi O, Inui T. Dataset of microarray analysis to identify endoglin-dependent bone morphogenetic protein-2-responsive genes in the murine periodontal ligament cell line PDL-L2. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 2:24-6. [PMID: 26484060 PMCID: PMC4535841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL), connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and alveolar bone of the mandibula, plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. We previously reported that endoglin was involved in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse PDL cells, which is associated with Smad-2 phosphorylation but not Smad-1/5/8 phosphorylation. Further, we found that the BMP-2-induced Smad-2 phosphorylation was, at least in part, dependent upon endoglin. In this study, to elucidate the detailed mechanism underlying the BMP-2-induced signaling pathway unique to PDL cells, we performed a cDNA microarray analysis to identify endoglin-dependent BMP-2-responsive genes in PDL-L2, a mouse PDL-derived cell line. Here we provide experimental methods and obtained dataset to correspond with our data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Inui
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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23
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Quinoline compound KM11073 enhances BMP-2-dependent osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via activation of p38 signaling and exhibits in vivo bone forming activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120150. [PMID: 25789987 PMCID: PMC4366212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 has been approved by the FDA for clinical application, but its use is limited due to high cost and a supra-physiological dose for therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the generation of new therapeutic small molecules to induce bone formation or potentiate the osteogenic activity of BMP-2. Here, we show that [4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazino][1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methanone (KM11073) strongly enhances the BMP-2-stimulated induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an early phase biomarker of osteoblast differentiation, in bi-potential mesenchymal progenitor C2C12 cells. The KM11073-mediated ALP induction was inhibited by the BMP antagonist noggin, suggesting that its osteogenic activity occurs via BMP signaling. In addition, a pharmacological inhibition study suggested the involvement of p38 activation in the osteogenic action of KM11073 accompanied by enhanced expression of BMP-2, -6, and -7 mRNA. Furthermore, the in vivo osteogenic activity of KM11073 was confirmed in zebrafish and mouse calvarial bone formation models, suggesting the possibility of its single use for bone formation. In conclusion, the combination of rhBMP-2 with osteogenic small molecules could reduce the use of expensive rhBMP-2, mitigating the undesirable side effects of its supra-physiological dose for therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, due to their inherent physical properties, small molecules could represent the next generation of regenerative medicine.
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Ishibashi O, Inui T. Identification of endoglin-dependent BMP-2-induced genes in the murine periodontal ligament cell line PDL-L2. J Mol Signal 2014; 9:5. [PMID: 24949082 PMCID: PMC4062770 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The periodontal ligament (PDL), connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and alveolar bone of the mandibula, plays an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. We reported previously that endoglin was involved in the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse PDL cells, which is associated with Smad-2 phosphorylation but not Smad-1/5/8 phosphorylation. In this study, to elucidate the detailed mechanism underlying the BMP-2 signalling pathway unique to PDL cells, we performed a microarray analysis to identify BMP-2-inducible genes in PDL-L2 cells, a mouse PDL-derived cell line, with or without endoglin knockdown. Findings Sixty-four genes were upregulated more than twofold by BMP-2 in PDL-L2 cells. Of these genes, 11 were endoglin-dependent, including Id4, which encodes ID4, a helix-loop-helix transcription factor closely associated with TGF-β signaling and osteoblast differentiation. The endoglin-dependent induction of ID4 by BMP-2 was also verified at a protein level. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ID4 could be a signal mediator involved in the BMP-2-induced endoglin-dependent osteogenic differentiation of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Inui
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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Wada N, Maeda H, Hasegawa D, Gronthos S, Bartold PM, Menicanin D, Fujii S, Yoshida S, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Semaphorin 3A induces mesenchymal-stem-like properties in human periodontal ligament cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2225-36. [PMID: 24380401 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have recently been proposed as a novel option in periodontal regenerative therapy. However, one of the issues is the difficulty of stably generating PDLSCs because of the variation of stem cell potential between donors. Here, we show that Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) can induce mesenchymal-stem-like properties in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Sema3A expression was specifically observed in the dental follicle during tooth development and in parts of mature PDL tissue in rodent tooth and periodontal tissue. Sema3A expression levels were found to be higher in multipotential human PDL cell clones compared with low-differentiation potential clones. Sema3A-overexpressing PDL cells exhibited an enhanced capacity to differentiate into both functional osteoblasts and adipocytes. Moreover, PDL cells treated with Sema3A only at the initiation of culture stimulated osteogenesis, while Sema3A treatment throughout the culture had no effect on osteogenic differentiation. Finally, Sema3A-overexpressing PDL cells upregulated the expression of embryonic stem cell markers (NANOG, OCT4, and E-cadherin) and mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD166), and Sema3A promoted cell division activity of PDL cells. These results suggest that Sema3A may possess the function to convert PDL cells into mesenchymal-stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Wada
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Carreira AC, Lojudice FH, Halcsik E, Navarro RD, Sogayar MC, Granjeiro JM. Bone morphogenetic proteins: facts, challenges, and future perspectives. J Dent Res 2014; 93:335-45. [PMID: 24389809 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513518561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily, acting as potent regulators during embryogenesis and bone and cartilage formation and repair. Cell and molecular biology approaches have unveiled the great complexity of BMP action, later confirmed by transgenic animal studies. Genetic engineering allows for the production of large amounts of BMPs for clinical use, but they have systematically been associated with a delivery system, such as type I collagen and calcium phosphate ceramics, to ensure controlled release and to maximize their biological activity at the surgical site, avoiding systemic diffusion. Clinical orthopedic studies have shown the benefits of FDA-approved recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) 2 and 7, but side effects, such as swelling, seroma, and increased cancer risk, have been reported, probably due to high BMP dosage. Several studies have supported the use of BMPs in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting, and non-unions in oral surgery. However, the clinical use of BMPs is growing mainly in off-label applications, with robust evidence to ascertain rhBMPs' safety and efficacy through well-designed, randomized, and double-blind clinical trials. Here we review and discuss the critical data on BMP structure, mechanisms of action, and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, and Cell and Molecular Therapy Center NUCEL-NETCEM, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chatakun P, Núñez-Toldrà R, Díaz López EJ, Gil-Recio C, Martínez-Sarrà E, Hernández-Alfaro F, Ferrés-Padró E, Giner-Tarrida L, Atari M. The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:113-42. [PMID: 23568025 PMCID: PMC11113514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chatakun
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R. Núñez-Toldrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. J. Díaz López
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Gil-Recio
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Martínez-Sarrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Hernández-Alfaro
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Ferrés-Padró
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Fundacio Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Giner-Tarrida
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Atari
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Holtzhausen A, Golzio C, How T, Lee YH, Schiemann WP, Katsanis N, Blobe GC. Novel bone morphogenetic protein signaling through Smad2 and Smad3 to regulate cancer progression and development. FASEB J 2013; 28:1248-67. [PMID: 24308972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways have important roles in embryonic development and cellular homeostasis, with aberrant BMP signaling resulting in a broad spectrum of human disease. We report that BMPs unexpectedly signal through the canonical transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-responsive Smad2 and Smad3. BMP-induced Smad2/3 signaling occurs preferentially in embryonic cells and transformed cells. BMPs signal to Smad2/3 by stimulating complex formation between the BMP-binding TGF-β superfamily receptors, activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)3/6, and the Smad2/3 phosphorylating receptors ALK5/7. BMP signaling through Smad2 mediates, in part, dorsoventral axis patterning in zebrafish embryos, whereas BMP signaling through Smad3 facilitates cancer cell invasion. Consistent with increased BMP-mediated Smad2/3 signaling during cancer progression, Smad1/5 and Smad 2/3 signaling converge in human cancer specimens. Thus, the signaling mechanisms used by BMPs and TGF-β superfamily receptors are broader than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Holtzhausen
- 1Duke University Medical Center, 450 Research Drive, LSRC B354, Box 91004, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Kang KS, Hong JM, Seol YJ, Rhie JW, Jeong YH, Cho DW. Short-term evaluation of electromagnetic field pretreatment of adipose-derived stem cells to improve bone healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:1161-71. [PMID: 23281198 DOI: 10.1002/term.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An electromagnetic field is an effective stimulation tool because it promotes bone defect healing, albeit in an unknown way. Although electromagnetic fields are used for treatment after surgery, many patients prefer cell-based tissue regeneration procedures that do not require daily treatments. This study addressed the effects of an electromagnetic field on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to investigate the feasibility of pretreatment to accelerate bone regeneration. After identifying a uniform electromagnetic field inside a solenoid coil, we observed that a 45 Hz electromagnetic field induced osteogenic marker expression via bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt signalling pathways based on microarray analyses. This electromagnetic field increased osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphate activity and nodule formation in vitro within 2 weeks, indicating that this pretreatment may provide osteogenic potential to ASCs on three-dimensional (3D) ceramic scaffolds. This pretreatment effect of an electromagnetic field resulted in significantly better bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect model over 4 weeks compared to that in the untreated group. This short-term evaluation showed that the electromagnetic field pretreatment may be a future therapeutic option for bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Rhie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hun Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea. .,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea.
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Sitasuwan P, Andrew Lee L, Bo P, Davis EN, Lin Y, Wang Q. A plant virus substrate induces early upregulation of BMP2 for rapid bone formation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:651-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Use and efficacy of bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture healing. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2011; 35:1271-80. [PMID: 21698428 PMCID: PMC3167450 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This review evaluates the application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in delayed bone repair, aiming at a broad audience from clinicians to scientists. Next to an overview of the role of the different BMPs, their antagonists and their current applications, special attention is focused on new scientific developments improving the effects of BMP-based therapy for bone repair. Methods Publication searches in PubMed and Embase revealed 850 relevant articles on the criteria ‘BMP’ AND ‘bone repair’ (as of May 2011). The abstracts were carefully reviewed and papers were selected according to the content. Results The resulting publications showed that BMP-2 and BMP-7 are clearly the most extensively evaluated BMPs, in general with positive results on bone healing, comparable to the use of unspecific preparations such as autologous bone grafts or platelet-rich plasma. Conclusions Although the efficacy of BMPs as stimulators of bone repair has been demonstrated in model systems and clinical studies, the use of BMPs to enhance fracture healing in the clinical setting is still controversial. Issues such as when, where and how much of which BMP is the most effective and profitable to use still have to be elucidated. But optimisation of the BMP products used in combination with cheaper production methods will inevitably stimulate the clinical use of BMPs for bone fracture healing in the near future.
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Lu Z, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Kwok PCL, Zreiqat H. Osteoblasts on rod shaped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles incorporated PCL film provide an optimal osteogenic niche for stem cell differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1651-61. [PMID: 21306280 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
After the clinical insertion of a bone biomaterial, the surrounding osteoblasts would migrate and attach to the implant surface and foster a microenvironment that largely determines the differentiation fate of the comigrated mesenchymal stem cells. Whether the fostered microenvironment is suitable for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is critical for the subsequent osseointegration. In this study, we determined (1) how the spherical or rod-shaped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) incorporated poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) films (PCL-spherical nHA, PCL-rod nHA) interact with primary human osteoblasts (HOBs); (2) how the microenvironment rendered by their interaction affects osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). HOBs were seeded on PCL, PCL-spherical nHA, and PCL-rod nHA films, respectively. When cultured alone, the HOBs on PCL-rod nHA films showed most efficient osteoblastic differentiation compared with those on PCL or PCL-spherical nHA films. When cocultured with ASCs in an indirect coculture system, only the HOBs on PCL-rod nHA films up-regulated the gene expression of Runx2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin of ASCs. Additionally, the HOBs on PCL-rod nHA films showed significant up-regulation of bone morphogenic protein 2 gene and protein expression and induced highest phosphorylated Smad1/5 protein level in ASCs. Treatment of the coculture medium with bone morphogenic protein 2 inhibitor (Noggin) largely abolished the osteogenic differentiation of the ASCs induced by the HOBs on PCL-rod nHA films. In conclusion, HOBs can not only best display their osteoblastic phenotype by culturing on PCL-rod nHA films but also render an optimal osteogenic niche for the differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuFu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Henry LA, Johnson DA, Sarrió D, Lee S, Quinlan PR, Crook T, Thompson AM, Reis-Filho JS, Isacke CM. Endoglin expression in breast tumor cells suppresses invasion and metastasis and correlates with improved clinical outcome. Oncogene 2010; 30:1046-58. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic and functional studies indicate that common components of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway play critical roles in regulating vascular development in the embryo and in promoting vascular homeostasis and disease in the adult. However, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo findings and distinct functional properties of the BMP signaling pathway in different vascular beds, have led to controversies in the field that have been difficult to reconcile. This review attempts to clarify some of these issues by providing an up to date overview of the biology and genetics of BMP signaling relevant to the intact vasculature.
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