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Merchant HN, Portugal SJ, Bennett NC, Janse van Vuuren AK, Faulkes CG, Bowen J, Hart DW. New insights into morphological adaptation in common mole-rats ( Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) along an aridity gradient. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11301. [PMID: 38651162 PMCID: PMC11033624 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphological adaptation is the change in the form of an organism that benefits the individual in its current habitat. Mole-rats (family Bathyergidae), despite being subterranean, are impacted by both local and broad-scale environmental conditions that occur above ground. Common mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) present an ideal mammalian model system for the study of morphological variation in response to ecology, as this species is found along an aridity gradient and thus can be sampled from geographically non-overlapping populations of the same species along an environmental longitudinal cline. Using the mass of five internal organs, ten skeletal measurements and 3D morphometric analyses of skulls, we assessed the morphology of wild non-breeding individuals from five common mole-rat populations in South Africa. We found that the body mass and mean relative mass of the spleen and kidneys in arid populations was larger, and individuals from arid regions possessed shorter legs and larger inter-shoulder widths compared to individuals from mesic regions. Additionally, arid populations demonstrated greater skull depth, and shape change of features such as angular processes of the lower jaw than mesic individuals, indicating that these distinct geographic populations show differences corresponding to the aridity gradient, potentially in response to environmental factors such as the variation in food sources found between different habitats, in addition to different soil compositions found in the different regions. Arid populations potentially require a stronger jaw and neck musculature associated with mastication to chew xeric-adapted plants and to dig through hard soil types, whereas mesic populations excavate through soft, looser soil and may make use of their front limbs to aid the movement of soils when digging. Aridity influences the morphology of this species and could indicate the impact of environmental changes on speciation and mammalian skull morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana N. Merchant
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham, SurreyUK
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham, SurreyUK
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | | | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - James Bowen
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and MathematicsOpen UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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2
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Weisbecker V, Beck RMD, Guillerme T, Harrington AR, Lange-Hodgson L, Lee MSY, Mardon K, Phillips MJ. Multiple modes of inference reveal less phylogenetic signal in marsupial basicranial shape compared with the rest of the cranium. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220085. [PMID: 37183893 PMCID: PMC10184248 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating morphological data into modern phylogenies allows integration of fossil evidence, facilitating divergence dating and macroevolutionary inferences. Improvements in the phylogenetic utility of morphological data have been sought via Procrustes-based geometric morphometrics (GMM), but with mixed success and little clarity over what anatomical areas are most suitable. Here, we assess GMM-based phylogenetic reconstructions in a heavily sampled source of discrete characters for mammalian phylogenetics-the basicranium-in 57 species of marsupial mammals, compared with the remainder of the cranium. We show less phylogenetic signal in the basicranium compared with a 'Rest of Cranium' partition, using diverse metrics of phylogenetic signal (Kmult, phylogenetically aligned principal components analysis, comparisons of UPGMA/neighbour-joining/parsimony trees and cophenetic distances to a reference phylogeny) for scaled, Procrustes-aligned landmarks and allometry-corrected residuals. Surprisingly, a similar pattern emerged from parsimony-based analyses of discrete cranial characters. The consistent results across methods suggest that easily computed metrics such as Kmult can provide good guidance on phylogenetic information in a landmarking configuration. In addition, GMM data may be less informative for intricate but conservative anatomical regions such as the basicranium, while better-but not necessarily novel-phylogenetic information can be expected for broadly characterized shapes such as entire bones. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Weisbecker
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Thomas Guillerme
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Leonie Lange-Hodgson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael S Y Lee
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre of Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Phillips
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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3
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Barbero S, Teta P, Cassini GH. An ecomorphological approach to the relationship between craniomandibular morphology and diet in sigmodontine rodents from central-eastern Argentina. ZOOLOGY 2023; 156:126066. [PMID: 36563591 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key role of the skull in food intake and processing implicates its morphology should be to some extent adapted to the functional demands present in different diets, while also showing similarities between those which are closely related. Sigmodontine rodents, with a generalist body plan and broad dietary habits, are an interesting case study to explore these relationships. We used linear morphometrics to assess craniomandibular morphology, and explored its relationship with dietary composition and phylogeny in a sample of sigmodontines from central-eastern Argentina, representative of this subfamily's morphological and ecological diversity. We took 26 measurements performed on 558 specimens belonging to 22 species, and resorted to bibliographic information for proportion of food items in their diets, dietary categories, and phylogeny. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed a strong evolutionary integration between morphological traits of crania and mandibles, and a conspicuous relationship between them and dietary composition in our study group, independent of phylogeny. Species of larger sizes exhibited more robust skulls and a tendency towards folivorous diets, whereas smaller species had more gracile craniomandibular apparatuses and diets richer in seeds and invertebrates. Additionally, we used the observed patterns to made predictions of dietary categories for the three species of this region with unknown diets, completing the map of feeding ecology of one of the most researched group of sigmodontines and enabling future studies to further explore this topic. The present work contributes to understanding the link between morphology, ecology and phylogeny in small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Barbero
- Laboratorio de Biología Integral de Sistemas Evolutivos, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Pablo Teta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Cassini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y, Av. Constitución, Luján, B6700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Gomes Rodrigues H, Damette M. Incipient morphological specializations associated with fossorial life in the skull of ground squirrels (Sciuridae, Rodentia). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21540. [PMID: 36533735 PMCID: PMC10107104 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and biological specializations have been studied extensively in fossorial rodents, especially in subterranean species, such as mole-rats or pocket-gophers. Sciurids (i.e., squirrels) are mostly known for their diverse locomotory behaviors, and encompass many arboreal species. They also include less specialized fossorial species, such as ground squirrels that are mainly scratch diggers. The skull of ground squirrels remains poorly investigated in a fossorial context, while it may reflect incipient morphological specializations associated with fossorial life, especially due to the putative use of incisors for digging in some taxa. Here, we present the results of a comparative analysis of the skull of five fossorial sciurid species, and compare those to four arboreal sciurids, one arboreal/fossorial sciurid and one specialized fossorial aplodontiid. The quantification of both cranial and mandibular shapes, using three dimensional geometric morphometrics, reveals that fossorial species clearly depart from arboreal species. Fossorial species from the Marmotini tribe, and also Xerini to a lesser extent, show widened zygomatic arches and occipital plate on the cranium, and a wide mandible with reduced condyles. These shared characteristics, which are present in the aplodontiid species, likely represent fossorial specializations rather than relaxed selection on traits related to the ancestral arboreal condition of sciurids. Such cranial and mandibular configurations combined with proodont incisors might also be related to the frequent use of incisors for digging (added to forelimbs), especially in Marmotini evolving in soft to hard soil conditions. This study provides some clues to understand the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the skull of fossorial rodents, in relation to the time spent underground and to the nature of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Gomes Rodrigues
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie-Paris (CR2P), UMR CNRS 7207, CP38, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Damette
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie-Paris (CR2P), UMR CNRS 7207, CP38, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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5
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Law CJ, Blackwell EA, Curtis AA, Dickinson E, Hartstone-Rose A, Santana SE. Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals. Evolution 2022; 76:2959-2974. [PMID: 35875871 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between skull morphology and diet is a prime example of adaptive evolution. In mammals, the skull consists of the cranium and the mandible. Although the mandible is expected to evolve more directly in response to dietary changes, dietary regimes may have less influence on the cranium because additional sensory and brain-protection functions may impose constraints on its morphological evolution. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the evolutionary patterns of cranium and mandible shape and size across 100+ species of carnivoran mammals with distinct feeding ecologies. Our results show decoupled modes of evolution in cranial and mandibular shape; cranial shape follows clade-based evolutionary shifts, whereas mandibular shape evolution is linked to broad dietary regimes. These results are consistent with previous hypotheses regarding hierarchical morphological evolution in carnivorans and greater evolutionary lability of the mandible with respect to diet. Furthermore, in hypercarnivores, the evolution of both cranial and mandibular size is associated with relative prey size. This demonstrates that dietary diversity can be loosely structured by craniomandibular size within some guilds. Our results suggest that mammal skull morphological evolution is shaped by mechanisms beyond dietary adaptation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Law
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105.,Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024.,Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024.,Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024
| | - Emily A Blackwell
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024.,Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024.,Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024.,Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063
| | - Abigail A Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Edwin Dickinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695.,Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, New York, 11545
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
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6
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Bite Force Performance from wild Derived mice has Undetectable Heritability Despite Having Heritable Morphological Components. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFitness-related traits tend to have low heritabilities. Conversely, morphology tends to be highly heritable. Yet, many fitness-related performance traits such as running speed or bite force depend critically on morphology. Craniofacial morphology correlates with bite performance in several groups including rodents. However, within species, this relationship is less clear, and the genetics of performance, morphology and function are rarely analyzed in combination. Here, we use a half-sib design in outbred wild-derived Mus musculus to study the morphology-bite force relationship and determine whether there is additive genetic (co-)variance for these traits. Results suggest that bite force has undetectable additive genetic variance and heritability in this sample, while morphological traits related mechanically to bite force exhibit varying levels of heritability. The most heritable traits include the length of the mandible which relates to bite force. Despite its correlation with morphology, realized bite force was not heritable, which suggests it is less responsive to selection in comparison to its morphological determinants. We explain this paradox with a non-additive, many-to-one mapping hypothesis of heritable change in complex traits. We furthermore propose that performance traits could evolve if pleiotropic relationships among the determining traits are modified.
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7
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Incongruences between morphology and molecular phylogeny provide an insight into the diversification of the Crocidura poensis species complex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10531. [PMID: 35732784 PMCID: PMC9217945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Untangling the factors of morphological evolution has long held a central role in the study of evolutionary biology. Extant speciose clades that have only recently diverged are ideal study subjects, as they allow the examination of rapid morphological variation in a phylogenetic context, providing insights into a clade’s evolution. Here, we focus on skull morphological variability in a widely distributed shrew species complex, the Crocidura poensis species complex. The relative effects of taxonomy, size, geography, climate and habitat on skull form were tested, as well as the presence of a phylogenetic signal. Taxonomy was the best predictor of skull size and shape, but surprisingly both size and shape exhibited no significant phylogenetic signal. This paper describes one of the few cases within a mammal clade where morphological evolution does not match the phylogeny. The second strongest predictor for shape variation was size, emphasizing that allometry can represent an easily accessed source of morphological variability within complexes of cryptic species. Taking into account species relatedness, habitat preferences, geographical distribution and differences in skull form, our results lean in favor of a parapatric speciation model within this complex of species, where divergence occurred along an ecological gradient, rather than a geographic barrier.
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Hinckley A, Sanchez-Donoso I, Comas M, Camacho-Sanchez M, Hawkins MTR, Hasan NH, Leonard JA. Challenging ecogeographical rules: Phenotypic variation in the Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana) along tropical elevational gradients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268213. [PMID: 35714073 PMCID: PMC9205479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules were defined to describe macroecological patterns across latitudinal gradients. Bergmann observed a positive association between body size and latitude for endothermic species while Allen described shorter appendages as latitude increases. Almost two centuries later, there is still ongoing discussion about these patterns. Temperature, the common variable in these two rules, varies predictably across both latitude and elevation. Although these rules have been assessed extensively in mammals across latitude, particularly in regions with strong seasonality, studies on tropical montane mammals are scarce. We here test for these patterns and assess the variation of several other locomotory, diet-associated, body condition, and thermoregulatory traits across elevation in the Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana) on tropical mountains in Borneo. Based on morphological measurements from both the field and scientific collections, we found a complex pattern: Bergmann’s rule was not supported in our tropical mountain system, since skull length, body size, and weight decreased from the lowest elevations (<1000 m) to middle elevations (2000–2500 m), and then increased from middle elevations to highest elevations. Allen’s rule was supported for relative tail length, which decreased with elevation, but not for ear and hindfoot length, with the former remaining constant and the latter increasing with elevation. This evidence together with changes in presumed diet-related traits (rostrum length, zygomatic breadth and upper tooth row length) along elevation suggest that selective pressures other than temperature, are playing a more important role shaping the morphological variation across the distribution of the Mountain Treeshrew. Diet, food acquisition, predation pressure, and/or intra- and inter-specific competition, are some of the potential factors driving the phenotypic variation of this study system. The lack of variation in body condition might suggest local adaptation of this species across its elevational range, perhaps due to generalist foraging strategies. Finally, a highly significant temporal effect was detected in several traits but not in others, representing the first phenotypic variation temporal trends described on treeshrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlo Hinckley
- Conservation & Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH); (JAL)
| | - Ines Sanchez-Donoso
- Conservation & Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Mar Comas
- Conservation & Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Miguel Camacho-Sanchez
- Conservation & Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA), Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain
| | - Melissa T. R. Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Noor Haliza Hasan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer A. Leonard
- Conservation & Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH); (JAL)
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Terray L, Denys C, Goodman SM, Soarimalala V, Lalis A, Cornette R. Skull morphological evolution in Malagasy endemic Nesomyinae rodents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263045. [PMID: 35120158 PMCID: PMC8815910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a large island to the south-east of Africa and in many ways continental in size and ecological complexity. Here we aim to define how skull morphology of an endemic and monophyletic clade of rodents (sub-family Nesomyinae), that show considerable morphological variation, have evolved and how their disparity is characterized in context of the geographical and ecological complexity of the island. We performed a two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis on 370 dorsal and 399 ventral skull images of 19 species (comprising all nine extant endemic genera) and tested the influence of three ecological parameters (climate, locomotor habitat and nychthemeral cycle) in a phylogenetic context on size and shape. The results indicate that skull shape appears to importantly reflect phylogeny, whereas skull size does not carry a significant phylogenetic signal. Skull shape is significantly influenced by climate while, skull size is not impacted by any of the ecological factors tested, which is controversial to expectations in an insular context. In conclusion, Nesomyinae must have evolved under unusual types of local constraints, preventing this radiation from demonstrating strong ecological release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Terray
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Voahangy Soarimalala
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’Environnement, University of Fianarantsoa, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | - Aude Lalis
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Paris, France
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11
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Raidan C, de Andrade Costa BM, Marroig G, Aprígio Assis AP, Paresque R. Morphological integration and cranial modularity in six genera of echimyid rodents (Rodentia: Echimyidae). J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rodents of the family Echimyidae present a wide variety of life histories and ecomorphological adaptations. This study evaluated morphological integration patterns, modularity, and evolutionary flexibility in six Echimyid genera representing ecomorphological extremes within the family. The relationships between traits were evaluated by comparing estimated covariance and correlations matrices of populations. The presence of modules was investigated by comparing the patterns of integration between traits and using hypothetical matrices based on shared development/function and masticatory stress. The results point to a common covariance and correlation pattern among the six echimyid genera, suggesting a conserved pattern of covariation (associations among traits) throughout the evolution of this group. The overall magnitude of integration, however, varied greatly. We also found a high degree of modularity in all six echimyid genera. Finally, we observed a clear association between flexibility, i.e., the ability of a species to respond to the direction of selection, with the overall magnitude of integration and degree of modularization. The results of this study provide hypotheses concerning the underlying effects of the association among traits, which may have facilitated or constrained the evolution of morphological variation in the diverse family Echimyidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Raidan
- Pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas (curso Biologia Animal), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito, UFES, 29075-010, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriel Marroig
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Aprígio Assis
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Roberta Paresque
- Pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas (curso Biologia Animal), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito, UFES, 29075-010, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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12
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Csanády A, Mošanský L. Sex and age differences in skull size in Myodes glareolus from Slovakia. ANIM BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The results of a craniometric analysis of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) were evaluated in this study. Twenty cranial variables were measured and evaluated on 149 skulls (78 males, 71 females) with respect to sex and age. The main aim of this study was to test the sexual dimorphism in skull size. Overall, our results showed that on average, the values for adult and subadult females of M. glareolus were higher than for males. Results presented here thus reveal sexual differences in the measured cranial traits, most expressed for the length of the mandible and the height of the mandible. The effect size was very large for the length of the first upper molar. Comparison of our results with those from other countries confirmed that there are regional differences. These findings highlight the need for craniometric analysis of species also at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Csanády
- University of Prešov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, 17. novembra 1, SK-081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
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13
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Segura V, Flores D, Jayat P, Martin G. Evolutionary patterns of cranial ontogeny in Sigmodontines (Rodentia, Cricetidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Fundación Miguel Lillo San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - David Flores
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Fundación Miguel Lillo San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- Instituto de Vertebrados Fundación Miguel Lillo San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Pablo Jayat
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Fundación Miguel Lillo San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Gabriel Martin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco Esquel Argentina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco Esquel Argentina
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14
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Vujić V, Ilić B, Lučić L, Tomić V, Jovanović Z, Pavković-Lučić S, Makarov S. Morphological integration of the head capsule in the millipede Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda: Julida): can different modules be recognized? ZOOLOGY 2021; 149:125970. [PMID: 34628210 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Covariation of multiple morphological traits and modularity have been widely studied in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. Subunits of a morphological structure can evolve separately from each other in a modular fashion. The aims of our study therefore were: i) to test the hypothesis of modularity in the dorsal part of the head capsule and the gnathochilarium separately during late postembryogenesis in the julidan millipede Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) using geometric morphometrics; and ii) to investigate the influence of allometry on overall morphological integration in the dorsal part of the head capsule and the gnathochilarium in the mentioned species. Individuals from different ontogenetic stadia (stadium VI - stadium XI) were included in the analyses. Significant influence of fluctuating asymmetry on the dorsal part of the head capsule shape was detected by Procrustes ANOVA. Regressions were significant for the symmetric component of both analysed morphological traits, while non-significant regression was detected for the asymmetric component of the head capsule's dorsal part. Hypotheses of modularity for the dorsal part of the head capsule and the gnathochilarium are rejected because our results indicate that a small proportion of alternate partitions has higher covariation between subsets of structure than between the hypothesized modules. Contrary to our expectations, results of the present study show that allometry does not increase the level of morphological integration in the dorsal part of the head capsule and the gnathochilarium in M. unilineatum. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the dorsal part of the head capsule and the gnathochilarium are not composed of independent modules and that in the case of the capsule's dorsal part, developmental processes affect morphological integration in different ways at different levels of shape variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vukica Vujić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojan Ilić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Luka Lučić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Tomić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zvezdana Jovanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sofija Pavković-Lučić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slobodan Makarov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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15
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Barbero S, Teta P, Cassini GH. A comprehensive review of dietary strategies of sigmodontine rodents of central-eastern Argentina: linking diet, body mass, and stomach morphology. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Information on dietary ecology plays a key role in a wide array of biological research and conservation decisions, but its availability is biased towards large and charismatic taxa, whereas small mammals are underrepresented. Of the scarce publications on the Neotropical sigmodontine rodents, most are concentrated in central-eastern Argentina and, up until now, no revision of the totality of these data has been made available. In this work, we performed a thorough review of the dietary information from over 50 publications on 22 species, finding omissions and errors propagated up to the present time. This resulted in a robust database, the proposal of a posteriori dietary categories, and a list of the species that have been neglected in feeding ecology research. In turn, we used that database to test whether the patterns which associate diet and morphology in medium-sized and large mammals could be replicated in these small rodents, despite their overall generalist habits and the restrictions characteristic to their size. We found that larger species tend towards a low-protein diet. Additionally, we identified some stomach types that are restricted to specific diets. These results are consistent with the observations for larger species and shed light on the biology of small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Barbero
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Teta
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H. Cassini
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución s/n, Luján (6700), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Gálvez-López E, Kilbourne B, Cox PG. Cranial shape variation in mink: Separating two highly similar species. J Anat 2021; 240:210-225. [PMID: 34569054 PMCID: PMC8742963 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
European and American minks (Mustela lutreola and Neovison vison, respectively) are very similar in their ecology, behavior, and morphology. However, the American mink is a generalist predator and seems to adapt better to anthropized environments, allowing it to outcompete the European mink in areas where it has been introduced, threatening the survival of the native species. To assess whether morphological differences may be contributing to the success of the American mink relative to the European mink, we analyzed shape variation in the cranium of both species using 3D geometric morphometrics. A set of 38 landmarks and 107 semilandmarks was used to study shape variation between and within species, and to assess how differences in size factored into that variation. Sexual dimorphism in both size and shape was also studied. Significant differences between species were found in cranial shape, but not in size. Relative to American mink, European mink have a shorter facial region with a rounder forehead and wider orbits, a longer neurocranium with less developed crests and processes, and an antero-medially placed tympanic bullae with an anteriorly expanded cranial border. Within species, size-related sexual dimorphism is highly significant, but sexual dimorphism in shape is only significant in American mink, not in European mink. Additionally, two trends common to both species were discovered, one related to allometric changes and another to sexual size dimorphism. Shape changes related to increasing size can be subdivided into two, probably related, groups: increased muscle force and growth. The first group somewhat parallels the differences between both mink species, while the second group of traits includes an anterodorsal expansion of the face, and the neurocranium shifting from a globous shape in small individuals to a dorsoventrally flattened ellipse in the largest ones. Finally, the sexual dimorphism trend, while also accounting for differences in muscle force, seems to be related to the observed dietary differences between males and females. Overall, differences between species and sexes, and shape changes with increasing size, seem to mainly relate to differences in masticatory-muscle volume and therefore muscle force and bite force, which, in turn, relate to a wider range of potential prey (bigger prey, tougher shells). Thus, muscle force (and dietary range) would be larger in American mink than in European mink, in males than in females, and in larger individuals than in smaller ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Gálvez-López
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon Kilbourne
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip G Cox
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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17
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Evolution Towards Fossoriality and Morphological Convergence in the Skull of Spalacidae and Bathyergidae (Rodentia). J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Neaux D, Blanc B, Ortiz K, Locatelli Y, Schafberg R, Herrel A, Debat V, Cucchi T. Constraints associated with captivity alter craniomandibular integration in wild boar. J Anat 2021; 239:489-497. [PMID: 33713426 PMCID: PMC8273579 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestication process is associated with substantial phenotypic changes through time. However, although morphological integration between biological structures is purported to have a major influence on the evolution of new morphologies, little attention has been paid to the influence of domestication on the magnitude of integration. Here, we assessed the influence of constraints associated with captivity, considered as one of the crucial first steps in the domestication process, on the integration of cranial and mandibular structures. We investigated the craniomandibular integration in Western European Sus scrofa using three-dimensional (3D) landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Our results suggest that captivity is associated with a lower level of integration between the cranium and the mandible. Plastic responses to captivity can thus affect the magnitude of integration of key functional structures. These findings underline the critical need to develop integration studies in the context of animal domestication to better understand the processes accountable for the set-up of domestic phenotypes through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Neaux
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique : Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Paléontologie Evolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Obterre, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Obterre, France.,Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS UPMC EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Obterre, France.,Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247, INRAE CNRS Université de Tours IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Renate Schafberg
- Central Natural Science Collections, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS UPMC EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cucchi
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique : Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
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19
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Varón-González C, Whelan S, Klingenberg CP. Estimating Phylogenies from Shape and Similar Multidimensional Data: Why It Is Not Reliable. Syst Biol 2021; 69:863-883. [PMID: 31985800 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been controversy whether multidimensional data such as geometric morphometric data or information on gene expression can be used for estimating phylogenies. This study uses simulations of evolution in multidimensional phenotype spaces to address this question and to identify specific factors that are important for answering it. Most of the simulations use phylogenies with four taxa, so that there are just three possible unrooted trees and the effect of different combinations of branch lengths can be studied systematically. In a comparison of methods, squared-change parsimony performed similarly well as maximum likelihood, and both methods outperformed Wagner and Euclidean parsimony, neighbor-joining and UPGMA. Under an evolutionary model of isotropic Brownian motion, phylogeny can be estimated reliably if dimensionality is high, even with relatively unfavorable combinations of branch lengths. By contrast, if there is phenotypic integration such that most variation is concentrated in one or a few dimensions, the reliability of phylogenetic estimates is severely reduced. Evolutionary models with stabilizing selection also produce highly unreliable estimates, which are little better than picking a phylogenetic tree at random. To examine how these results apply to phylogenies with more than four taxa, we conducted further simulations with up to eight taxa, which indicated that the effects of dimensionality and phenotypic integration extend to more than four taxa, and that convergence among internal nodes may produce additional complications specifically for greater numbers of taxa. Overall, the simulations suggest that multidimensional data, under evolutionary models that are plausible for biological data, do not produce reliable estimates of phylogeny. [Brownian motion; gene expression data; geometric morphometrics; morphological integration; squared-change parsimony; phylogeny; shape; stabilizing selection.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceferino Varón-González
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Whelan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Peter Klingenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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20
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Ercoli MD, Álvarez A, Youlatos D, Moyano SR, Candela AM. Tracing the Paleobiology of Paedotherium and Tremacyllus (Pachyrukhinae, Notoungulata), the Latest Sciuromorph South American Native Ungulates – Part II: Orbital, Auditory, and Occipito-Cervical Regions. J MAMM EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Ferreira-Cardoso S, Fabre PH, de Thoisy B, Delsuc F, Hautier L. Comparative masticatory myology in anteaters and its implications for interpreting morphological convergence in myrmecophagous placentals. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9690. [PMID: 32983632 PMCID: PMC7491420 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological adaptations of mammals are reflected in the morphological diversity of their feeding apparatus, which includes differences in tooth crown morphologies, variation in snout size, or changes in muscles of the feeding apparatus. The adaptability of their feeding apparatus allowed them to optimize resource exploitation in a wide range of habitats. The combination of computer-assisted X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) with contrast-enhancing staining protocols has bolstered the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) models of muscles. This new approach allows for accurate descriptions of muscular anatomy, as well as the quick measurement of muscle volumes and fiber orientation. Ant- and termite-eating (myrmecophagy) represents a case of extreme feeding specialization, which is usually accompanied by tooth reduction or complete tooth loss, snout elongation, acquisition of a long vermiform tongue, and loss of the zygomatic arch. Many of these traits evolved independently in distantly-related mammalian lineages. Previous reports on South American anteaters (Vermilingua) have shown major changes in the masticatory, intermandibular, and lingual muscular apparatus. These changes have been related to a functional shift in the role of upper and lower jaws in the evolutionary context of their complete loss of teeth and masticatory ability. METHODS We used an iodine staining solution (I2KI) to perform contrast-enhanced µ-CT scanning on heads of the pygmy (Cyclopes didactylus), collared (Tamandua tetradactyla) and giant (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) anteaters. We reconstructed the musculature of the feeding apparatus of the three extant anteater genera using 3D reconstructions complemented with classical dissections of the specimens. We performed a description of the musculature of the feeding apparatus in the two morphologically divergent vermilinguan families (Myrmecophagidae and Cyclopedidae) and compared it to the association of morphological features found in other myrmecophagous placentals. RESULTS We found that pygmy anteaters (Cyclopes) present a relatively larger and architecturally complex temporal musculature than that of collared (Tamandua) and giant (Myrmecophaga) anteaters, but shows a reduced masseter musculature, including the loss of the deep masseter. The loss of this muscle concurs with the loss of the jugal bone in Cyclopedidae. We show that anteaters, pangolins, and aardvarks present distinct anatomies despite morphological and ecological convergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Ferreira-Cardoso
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Fabre
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Montpellier, France
- Mammal Section, Life Sciences, Vertebrate Division, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Kwata NGO, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Frédéric Delsuc
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Hautier
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Montpellier, France
- Mammal Section, Life Sciences, Vertebrate Division, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D. Verde Arregoitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia CP 5090000 Chile
| | - Guillermo D’Elía
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia CP 5090000 Chile
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23
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Zherebtsova O, Platonov V. Evolutionary transformation of the subcutaneous muscle in rodents of Ctenohystrica (Rodentia: Diatomyidae, Ctenodactylidae, and Hystricognathi). J Morphol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zherebtsova
- Laboratory of Theriology Zoological Institute of RAS Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladimir Platonov
- Laboratory of Theriology Zoological Institute of RAS Saint Petersburg Russia
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24
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Skull-shape variation and modularity in two Japanese field mice, Apodemus speciosus and Apodemus argenteus (Rodentia: Muridae). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Álvarez A, Ercoli MD, Olivares AI, De Santi NA, Verzi DH. Evolutionary Patterns of Mandible Shape Diversification of Caviomorph Rodents. J MAMM EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Verde Arregoitia LD, Teta P, D’Elía G. Patterns in research and data sharing for the study of form and function in caviomorph rodents. J Mammal 2020; 101:604-612. [PMID: 32454535 PMCID: PMC7236905 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of morphometrics, phylogenetic comparative methods, and open data sets has renewed interest in relating morphology to adaptation and ecological opportunities. Focusing on the Caviomorpha, a well-studied mammalian group, we evaluated patterns in research and data sharing in studies relating form and function. Caviomorpha encompasses a radiation of rodents that is diverse both taxonomically and ecologically. We reviewed 41 publications investigating ecomorphology in this group. We recorded the type of data used in each study and whether these data were made available, and we re-digitized all provided data. We tracked two major lines of information: collections material examined and trait data for morphological and ecological traits. Collectively, the studies considered 63% of extant caviomorph species; all extant families and genera were represented. We found that species-level trait data rarely were provided. Specimen-level data were even less common. Morphological and ecological data were too heterogeneous and sparse to aggregate into a single data set, so we created relational tables with the data. Additionally, we concatenated all specimen lists into a single data set and standardized all relevant data for phylogenetic hypotheses and gene sequence accessions to facilitate future morphometric and phylogenetic comparative research. This work highlights the importance and ongoing use of scientific collections, and it allows for the integration of specimen information with species trait data. Recientemente ha resurgido el interés por estudiar la relación entre morfología, ecología, y adaptación. Esto se debe al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas morfométricas y filogenéticas, y al acceso a grandes bases de datos para estudios comparados. Revisamos 41 publicaciones sobre ecomorfología de roedores caviomorfos, un grupo diverso y bien estudiado, para evaluar los patrones de investigación y la transparencia para la liberación de datos. Registramos los tipos de datos que se utilizaron para cada estudio y si los datos están disponibles. Cuando estos datos se compartieron, los redigitalizamos. Nos enfocamos en los ejemplares consultados, y en datos que describen rasgos ecológicos y morfológicos para las especies estudiadas. Los estudios que revisamos abarcan el 63% de las especies de caviomorfos que actualmente existen. Encontramos que raramente fueron compartidos los datos que se tomaron para especies, y menos aún para ejemplares. Los datos morfológicos y ecológicos eran demasiado heterogéneos e exiguos para consolidar en un solo banco de datos; debido a esta circunstancia, creamos tablas relacionales con los datos. Además, enlazamos todas las listas individuales de especímenes para crear un solo banco de datos y estandarizamos todos los datos pertinentes a hipótesis filogenéticas, así como los números de acceso de secuencias genéticas, para así facilitar eventuales estudios comparados de morfometría y filogenia. Este trabajo resalta la importancia de las colecciones científicas y documenta su uso, además permitiendo la futura integración de datos derivados de ejemplares con datos sobre rasgos ecomorfológicos a nivel de especie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Verde Arregoitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia CP, Chile
| | - Pablo Teta
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D’Elía
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia CP, Chile
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27
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Barbero S, Teta P, Cassini GH. An Ecomorphological Comparative Study of Extant and Late Holocene Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Cricetidae) Assemblages from Central-Eastern Argentina. J MAMM EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Zherebtsova OV, Potapova EG. Pathways and Level of Morphological Adaptations in Modern Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae (Rodentia). BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Pereira FMAM, Bete SBDS, Inamassu LR, Mamprim MJ, Schimming BC. Anatomy of the skull in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using radiography and 3D computed tomography. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:317-324. [PMID: 31981432 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are the largest rodent found throughout South America and are present in almost all the Brazilian territory, however, still lack basic descriptions about the species, such as about their cranial anatomy. This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical features in the capybara skull. Eight skulls and two heads, without sexual distinction, were used for the osteological, radiographic and tomographic identification of their structures. The skull of the capybara could be divided into a neurocranium and a viscerocranium. The capybara had a more robust and rectangular skull, elongated face caudally, thinned in the nasal region and slightly convex in the parietal region. The zygomatic arch was expanded and wide, the orbit had a circular shape, the infraorbital foramen was well developed, external acoustic meatus and tympanic bulla were relatively small, and the paracondylar process was large. These anatomical characteristics are compatible with the eating habit and semi-aquatic life of capybaras, which can be compared with characteristics reported for animals of similar habits. The radiographic image allowed to identify structures such as the frontal sinus, whereas 3D tomographic reconstruction was essential to have a spatial view of the skull of the capybara.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stela Bonadia de Souza Bete
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Inamassu
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Wild Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Wild Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cesar Schimming
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Wild Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Hedrick BP, Dickson BV, Dumont ER, Pierce SE. The evolutionary diversity of locomotor innovation in rodents is not linked to proximal limb morphology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:717. [PMID: 31959908 PMCID: PMC6970985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most species-rich order within Mammalia and have evolved disparate morphologies to accommodate numerous locomotor niches, providing an excellent opportunity to understand how locomotor innovation can drive speciation. To evaluate the connection between the evolutionary success of rodents and the diversity of rodent locomotor ecologies, we used a large dataset of proximal limb CT scans from across Myomorpha and Geomyoidea to examine internal and external limb shape. Only fossorial rodents displayed a major reworking of their proximal limbs in either internal or external morphology, with other locomotor modes plotting within a generalist morphospace. Fossorial rodents were also the only locomotor mode to consistently show increased rates of humerus/femur morphological evolution. We propose that these rodent clades were successful at spreading into ecological niches due to high behavioral plasticity and small body sizes, allowing them to modify their locomotor mode without requiring major changes to their proximal limb morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Hedrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Blake V Dickson
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Stephanie E Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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31
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Dickinson E, Kolli S, Schwenk A, Davis CE, Hartstone‐Rose A. DiceCT Analysis of the Extreme Gouging Adaptations Within the Masticatory Apparatus of the Aye‐Aye (
Daubentonia madagascariensis
). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:282-294. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Dickinson
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Shruti Kolli
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Alysa Schwenk
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Cassidy E. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Adam Hartstone‐Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
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32
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Weisbecker V, Guillerme T, Speck C, Sherratt E, Abraha HM, Sharp AC, Terhune CE, Collins S, Johnston S, Panagiotopoulou O. Individual variation of the masticatory system dominates 3D skull shape in the herbivory-adapted marsupial wombats. Front Zool 2019; 16:41. [PMID: 31695725 PMCID: PMC6824091 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within-species skull shape variation of marsupial mammals is widely considered low and strongly size-dependent (allometric), possibly due to developmental constraints arising from the altricial birth of marsupials. However, species whose skulls are impacted by strong muscular stresses – particularly those produced through mastication of tough food items – may not display such intrinsic patterns very clearly because of the known plastic response of bone to muscle activity of the individual. In such cases, allometry may not dominate within-species shape variation, even if it is a driver of evolutionary shape divergence; ordination of shape in a geometric morphometric context through principal component analysis (PCA) should reveal main variation in areas under masticatory stress (incisor region/zygomatic arches/mandibular ramus); but this main variation should emerge from high individual variability and thus have low eigenvalues. Results We assessed the evidence for high individual variation through 3D geometric morphometric shape analysis of crania and mandibles of three species of grazing-specialized wombats, whose diet of tough grasses puts considerable strain on their masticatory system. As expected, we found little allometry and low Principal Component 1 (PC1) eigenvalues within crania and mandibles of all three species. Also as expected, the main variation was in the muzzle, zygomatic arches, and masticatory muscle attachments of the mandibular ramus. We then implemented a new test to ask if the landmark variation reflected on PC1 was reflected in individuals with opposite PC1 scores and with opposite shapes in Procrustes space. This showed that correspondence between individual and ordinated shape variation was limited, indicating high levels of individual variability in the masticatory apparatus. Discussion Our results are inconsistent with hypotheses that skull shape variation within marsupial species reflects a constraint pattern. Rather, they support suggestions that individual plasticity can be an important determinant of within-species shape variation in marsupials (and possibly other mammals) with high masticatory stresses, making it difficult to understand the degree to which intrinsic constraints act on shape variation at the within-species level. We conclude that studies that link micro- and macroevolutionary patterns of shape variation might benefit from a focus on species with low-impact mastication, such as carnivorous or frugivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Weisbecker
- 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Guillerme
- 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cruise Speck
- 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hyab Mehari Abraha
- 3Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alana C Sharp
- 4Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.,5Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire E Terhune
- 6Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Simon Collins
- 7School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Johnston
- 7School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Olga Panagiotopoulou
- 3Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Álvarez A, Ercoli MD, Verzi DH. Integration and diversity of the caviomorph mandible (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha): assessing the evolutionary history through fossils and ancestral shape reconstructions. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCaviomorph rodents constitute a highly diverse clade of Neotropical mammals. They are recorded since at least the late Middle Eocene and have a long and complex evolutionary history. Using geometric morphometric data, we analysed the variation in mandibular shape of this clade through integration analyses, allometry and shape optimizations onto a phylogenetic tree of 104 extant and extinct species. The analyses of shape variation revealed a strong influence of phylogenetic structure and life habits. A remarkable allometric effect was observed for specific mandibular traits. Morphological changes occurring in the alveolar and muscular functional units were moderately associated. Interestingly, the coordinated evolution of these two functional units was decoupled in the clade of extant abrocomids. A sequential and nearly synchronic acquisition of convergent traits has occurred in chinchillids and derived cavioids since at least the early Middle Oligocene, probably derived from grass-feeding habits or similar adaptations to other abrasive items. Convergences between fossorial taxa evolved in two main events through the Oligocene and middle Late Miocene. Morphological analysis of the fossil representatives allowed a better understanding of the timing of trait acquisitions during the evolutionary history of caviomorphs and its relationship with global and regional palaeoenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Álvarez
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CONICET, IdGyM, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcos D Ercoli
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CONICET, IdGyM, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Diego H Verzi
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Dickinson E, Basham C, Rana A, Hartstone‐Rose A. Visualization and Quantification of Digitally Dissected Muscle Fascicles in the Masticatory Muscles of
Callithrix jacchus
Using Nondestructive DiceCT. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1891-1900. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Dickinson
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Colin Basham
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | | | - Adam Hartstone‐Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
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35
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Jones MEH, Button DJ, Barrett PM, Porro LB. Digital dissection of the head of the rock dove ( Columba livia) using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31205748 PMCID: PMC6558907 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rock dove (or common pigeon), Columba livia, is an important model organism in biological studies, including research focusing on head muscle anatomy, feeding kinematics, and cranial kinesis. However, no integrated computer-based biomechanical model of the pigeon head has yet been attempted. As an initial step towards achieving this goal, we present the first three-dimensional digital dissection of the pigeon head based on a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic dataset achieved using iodine potassium iodide as a staining agent. Our datasets enable us to visualize the skeletal and muscular anatomy, brain and cranial nerves, and major sense organs of the pigeon, including very small and fragile features, as well as maintaining the three-dimensional topology of anatomical structures. This work updates and supplements earlier anatomical work on this widely used laboratory organism. We resolve several key points of disagreement arising from previous descriptions of pigeon anatomy, including the precise arrangement of the external adductor muscles and their relationship to the posterior adductor. Examination of the eye muscles highlights differences between avian taxa and shows that pigeon eye muscles are more similar to those of a tinamou than they are to those of a house sparrow. Furthermore, we present our three-dimensional data as publicly accessible files for further research and education purposes. Digital dissection permits exceptional visualisation and will be a valuable resource for further investigations into the head anatomy of other bird species, as well as efforts to reconstruct soft tissues in fossil archosaurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc E. H. Jones
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - David J. Button
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Paul M. Barrett
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Laura B. Porro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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36
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Deep changes in masticatory patterns and masseteric musculature configurations accompanied the eco-morphological evolution of cavioid rodents (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha). Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Bertrand OC, San Martin‐Flores G, Silcox MT. Endocranial shape variation in the squirrel‐related clade and their fossil relatives using 3D geometric morphometrics: contributions of locomotion and phylogeny to brain shape. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. C. Bertrand
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Grant Institute Edinburgh UK
| | | | - M. T. Silcox
- Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
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38
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Camargo NF, Machado LF, Mendonça AF, Vieira EM. Cranial shape predicts arboreal activity of Sigmodontinae rodents. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. F. Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - L. F. Machado
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - A. F. Mendonça
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - E. M. Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
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39
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Gordon IJ, Prins HHT, Mallon J, Puk LD, Miranda EBP, Starling-Manne C, van der Wal R, Moore B, Foley W, Lush L, Maestri R, Matsuda I, Clauss M. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa. THE ECOLOGY OF BROWSING AND GRAZING II 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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40
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Ginot S, Herrel A, Claude J, Hautier L. Morphometric models for estimating bite force in Mus and Rattus: mandible shape and size do better than lever-arm ratios. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.204867. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphological traits are frequently used as proxies for functional outputs such as bite force performance. This allows researchers to infer and interpret the impacts of functional variation, notably in adaptive terms. Despite their mechanical bases, the predictive power of these proxies for performance is not always tested. In particular, their accuracy at the intraspecific level is rarely assessed, and they have sometimes been shown to be unreliable. Here, we compare the performance of several morphological proxies in estimating in vivo bite force, across five species of murine rodents, at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. Proxies used include the size and shape of the mandible, as well as individual and combined muscular mechanical advantages (temporal, superficial masseter and deep masseter). Maximum voluntary bite force was measured in all individuals included. To test the accuracy of predictions allowed by the proxies, we combined linear regressions with a leave-one-out approach, estimating an individual bite force based on the rest of the dataset. The correlations between estimated values and the in vivo measurements were tested. At the interspecific and intraspecific levels, size and shape were better estimators than mechanical advantages. Mechanical advantage showed some predictive power at the interspecific level, but generally not within species, except for the deep masseter in Rattus. In few species, size and shape did not allow us to predict bite force. Extrapolations of performance based on mechanical advantage should therefore be used with care, and are mostly unjustified within species. In the latter case, size and shape are preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ginot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR5554), Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (UMR5242), Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (UMR7179), Paris, France
| | - Julien Claude
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR5554), Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR5554), Montpellier, France
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41
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Magnus LZ, Machado RF, Cáceres N. Ecogeography of South-American Rodentia and Lagomorpha (Mammalia, Glires): Roles of size, environment, and geography on skull shape. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Usui K, Tokita M. Creating diversity in mammalian facial morphology: a review of potential developmental mechanisms. EvoDevo 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29946416 PMCID: PMC6003202 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals (class Mammalia) have evolved diverse craniofacial morphology to adapt to a wide range of ecological niches. However, the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the diversification of mammalian craniofacial morphology remain largely unknown. In this paper, we focus on the facial length and orofacial clefts of mammals and deduce potential mechanisms that produced diversity in mammalian facial morphology. Small-scale changes in facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as slight changes in facial length and the evolution of the midline cleft in some lineages of bats, could be attributed to heterochrony in facial bone ossification. In contrast, large-scale changes of facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as a truncated, widened face as well as the evolution of the bilateral cleft possessed by some bat species, could be brought about by changes in growth and patterning of the facial primordium (the facial processes) at the early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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43
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Hedrick BP, Yohe L, Vander Linden A, Dávalos LM, Sears K, Sadier A, Rossiter SJ, Davies KTJ, Dumont E. Assessing Soft-Tissue Shrinkage Estimates in Museum Specimens Imaged With Diffusible Iodine-Based Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (diceCT). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:284-291. [PMID: 29916341 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increased accessibility of soft-tissue data through diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) enables comparative biologists to increase the taxonomic breadth of their studies with museum specimens. However, it is still unclear how soft-tissue measurements from preserved specimens reflect values from freshly collected specimens and whether diceCT preparation may affect these measurements. Here, we document and evaluate the accuracy of diceCT in museum specimens based on the soft-tissue reconstructions of brains and eyes of five bats. Based on proxies, both brains and eyes were roughly 60% of the estimated original sizes when first imaged. However, these structures did not further shrink significantly over a 4-week staining interval, and 1 week in 2.5% iodine-based solution yielded sufficient contrast for differentiating among soft-tissues. Compared to six "fresh" bat specimens imaged shortly after field collection (not fixed in ethanol), the museum specimens had significantly lower relative volumes of the eyes and brains. Variation in field preparation techniques and conditions, and long-term storage in ethanol may be the primary causes of shrinkage in museum specimens rather than diceCT staining methodology. Identifying reliable tissue-specific correction factors to adjust for the shrinkage now documented in museum specimens requires future work with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Hedrick
- 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA 02138,USA
| | - Laurel Yohe
- 2Department of Ecology and Evolution,Stony Brook University,650 Life Sciences Building,Stony Brook,NY 11794,USA
| | - Abby Vander Linden
- 3Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,University of Massachusetts Amherst,Amherst,MA 01003,USA
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- 2Department of Ecology and Evolution,Stony Brook University,650 Life Sciences Building,Stony Brook,NY 11794,USA
| | - Karen Sears
- 4Department of Animal Biology,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL 61801,USA
| | - Alexa Sadier
- 4Department of Animal Biology,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL 61801,USA
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- 5School of Biological and Chemical Sciences,Queen Mary University of London,London E1 4NS,UK
| | - Kalina T J Davies
- 5School of Biological and Chemical Sciences,Queen Mary University of London,London E1 4NS,UK
| | - Elizabeth Dumont
- 6School of Natural Sciences,University of California-Merced,Merced,CA 95343,USA
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44
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McLean BS, Helgen KM, Goodwin HT, Cook JA. Trait‐specific processes of convergence and conservatism shape ecomorphological evolution in ground‐dwelling squirrels. Evolution 2018; 72:473-489. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S. McLean
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - H. Thomas Goodwin
- Department of Biology Andrews University Berrien Springs Michigan 49104
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131
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45
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Dickinson E, Stark H, Kupczik K. Non-Destructive Determination of Muscle Architectural Variables Through the Use of DiceCT. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:363-377. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Dickinson
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Heiko Stark
- Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
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46
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Shape Covariation (or the Lack Thereof) Between Vertebrae and Other Skeletal Traits in Felids: The Whole is Not Always Greater than the Sum of Parts. Evol Biol 2018; 45:196-210. [PMID: 29755151 PMCID: PMC5938317 DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Within carnivorans, cats show comparatively little disparity in overall morphology, with species differing mainly in body size. However, detailed shape analyses of individual osteological structures, such as limbs or skulls, have shown that felids display significant morphological differences that correlate with their observed ecological and behavioural ranges. Recently, these shape analyses have been extended to the felid axial skeleton. Results demonstrate a functionally-partitioned vertebral column, with regions varying greatly in level of correlation between shape and ecology. Moreover, a clear distinction is evident between a phylogenetically-constrained neck region and a selection-responsive posterior spine. Here, we test whether this regionalisation of function reflected in vertebral column shape is also translated into varying levels of phenotypic integration between this structure and most other skeletal elements. We accomplish this comparison by performing pairwise tests of integration between vertebral and other osteological units, quantified with 3D geometric morphometric data and analysed both with and without phylogenetic correction. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test for integration across a comprehensive sample of whole-skeleton elements. Our results show that, prior to corrections, strong covariation is present between vertebrae across the vertebral column and all other elements, with the exception of the femur. However, most of these significant correlations disappear after correcting for phylogeny, which is a significant influence on cranial and limb morphology of felids and other carnivorans. Our results thus suggest that the vertebral column of cats displays relative independence from other skeletal elements and may represent several distinct evolutionary morphological modules.
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47
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Patterns of integration in the canine skull: an inside view into the relationship of the skull modules of domestic dogs and wolves. ZOOLOGY 2017; 125:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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Tokita M, Yano W, James HF, Abzhanov A. Cranial shape evolution in adaptive radiations of birds: comparative morphometrics of Darwin's finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2015.0481. [PMID: 27994122 PMCID: PMC5182413 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is the rapid evolution of morphologically and ecologically diverse species from a single ancestor. The two classic examples of adaptive radiation are Darwin's finches and the Hawaiian honeycreepers, which evolved remarkable levels of adaptive cranial morphological variation. To gain new insights into the nature of their diversification, we performed comparative three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) scanning of dried cranial skeletons. We show that cranial shapes in both Hawaiian honeycreepers and Coerebinae (Darwin's finches and their close relatives) are much more diverse than in their respective outgroups, but Hawaiian honeycreepers as a group display the highest diversity and disparity of all other bird groups studied. We also report a significant contribution of allometry to skull shape variation, and distinct patterns of evolutionary change in skull morphology in the two lineages of songbirds that underwent adaptive radiation on oceanic islands. These findings help to better understand the nature of adaptive radiations in general and provide a foundation for future investigations on the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying diversification of these morphologically distinguished groups of birds. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wataru Yano
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Helen F James
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Hautier L, Billet G, de Thoisy B, Delsuc F. Beyond the carapace: skull shape variation and morphological systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3650. [PMID: 28828252 PMCID: PMC5562145 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus) has been mainly based on a handful of external morphological characters and classical measurements. Here, we studied the pattern of morphological variation in the skull of long-nosed armadillos species, with a focus on the systematics of the widely distributed nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Methods We present the first exhaustive 3D comparison of the skull morphology within the genus Dasypus, based on micro-computed tomography. We used geometric morphometric approaches to explore the patterns of the intra- and interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as taxonomy, geography, allometry, and sexual dimorphism. Results We show that the shape and size of the skull vary greatly among Dasypus species, with Dasypus pilosus representing a clear outlier compared to other long-nosed armadillos. The study of the cranial intraspecific variation in Dasypus novemcinctus evidences clear links to the geographic distribution and argues in favor of a revision of past taxonomic delimitations. Our detailed morphometric comparisons detected previously overlooked morphotypes of nine-banded armadillos, especially a very distinctive unit restricted to the Guiana Shield. Discussion As our results are congruent with recent molecular data and analyses of the structure of paranasal sinuses, we propose that Dasypus novemcinctus should be regarded either as a polytypic species (with three to four subspecies) or as a complex of several distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Mammal Section, Life Sciences, Vertebrate Division, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Guillaume Billet
- Sorbonne Universités, CR2P, UMR 7207, CNRS, Université Paris 06, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.,Kwata NGO, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Frédéric Delsuc
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Porro LB, Richards CT. Digital dissection of the model organism Xenopus laevis using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. J Anat 2017; 231:169-191. [PMID: 28547827 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is one of the most widely used model organisms in biological research. However, the most recent anatomical description of X. laevis was produced nearly a century ago. Compared with other anurans, pipid frogs - including X. laevis - exhibit numerous unusual morphological features; thus, anatomical descriptions of more 'typical' frogs do not detail many aspects of X. laevis skeletal and soft-tissue morphology. The relatively new method of using iodine-based agents to stain soft tissues prior to high-resolution X-ray imaging has several advantages over gross dissection, such as enabling dissection of very small and fragile specimens, and preserving the three-dimensional topology of anatomical structures. Here, we use contrast-enhanced computed tomography to produce a high-resolution three-dimensional digital dissection of a post-metamorphic X. laevis to successfully visualize: skeletal and muscular anatomy; the nervous, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems; and the major sense organs. Our digital dissection updates and supplements previous anatomical descriptions of this key model organism, and we present the three-dimensional data as interactive portable document format (PDF) files that are easily accessible and freely available for research and educational purposes. The data presented here hold enormous potential for applications beyond descriptive purposes, particularly for biological researchers using this taxon as a model organism, comparative anatomy and biomechanical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Porro
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Christopher T Richards
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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