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Li Y, Wang S, Liang F, Teng S, Wang F. Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus among children under 5 years of age in China: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364429. [PMID: 38690265 PMCID: PMC11058642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence and circulating strains of rotavirus (RV) among Chinese children under 5 years of age after the implantation of the RV vaccine. Material and methods Studies published between 2019 and 2023, focused on RV-based diarrhea among children less than 5 years were systematically reviewed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed Data. We synthesized their findings to examine prevalence and genetic diversity of RV after the RV vaccine implementation using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of RV was found to be 19.00%. The highest infection rate was noted in children aged 12-23months (25.79%), followed by those aged 24-35 months (23.91%), and 6-11 months (22.08%). The serotype G9 emerged as the most predominant RV genotype, accounting for 85.48% of infections, followed by G2 (7.70%), G8 (5.74%), G1 (4.86%), and G3 (3.21%). The most common P type was P[8], representing 64.02% of RV cases. Among G-P combinations, G9P[8] was the most frequent, responsible for 78.46% of RV infections, succeeded by G8P[8] (31.22%) and G3P[8] (8.11%). Conclusion Despite the variation of serotypes observed in China, the G1, G2, G3, G8 and G9 serotypes accounted for most RV strains. The genetic diversity analysis highlights the dynamic nature of RV genotypes, necessitating ongoing surveillance to monitor changes in strain distribution and inform future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Major Infectious Disease and Biosafety, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE&MoH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sashuang Teng
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Central Administrative Office, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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2
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Hoque SA, Kotaki T, Pham NTK, Onda Y, Okitsu S, Sato S, Yuki Y, Kobayashi T, Maneekarn N, Kiyono H, Hayakawa S, Ushijima H. Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:176-191. [PMID: 37058225 PMCID: PMC10103036 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viruses remain the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Recently, we reported the abundance of AGE viruses in raw sewage water (SW) during the COVID-19 pandemic, when viral AGE patients decreased dramatically in clinics. Since clinical samples were not reflecting the actual state, it remained important to determine the circulating strains in the SW for preparedness against impending outbreaks. Raw SW was collected from a sewage treatment plant in Japan from August 2018 to March 2022, concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation method, and investigated for major gastroenteritis viruses by RT-PCR. Genotypes and evolutionary relationships were evaluated through sequence-based analyses. Major AGE viruses like rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) GI and GII, and astrovirus (AstV) increased sharply (10-20%) in SW during the COVID-19 pandemic, though some AGE viruses like sapovirus (SV), adenovirus (AdV), and enterovirus (EV) decreased slightly (3-10%). The prevalence remained top in the winter. Importantly, several strains, including G1 and G3 of RVA, GI.1 and GII.2 of NoV, GI.1 of SV, MLB1 of AstV, and F41 of AdV, either emerged or increased amid the pandemic, suggesting that the normal phenomenon of genotype changing remained active over this time. This study crucially presents the molecular characteristics of circulating AGE viruses, explaining the importance of SW investigation during the pandemic when a clinical investigation may not produce the complete scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuko Onda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 OyaguchiKamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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3
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Mwangi PN, Potgieter RL, Simwaka J, Mpabalwani EM, Mwenda JM, Mogotsi MT, Magagula N, Esona MD, Steele AD, Seheri ML, Nyaga MM. Genomic Analysis of G2P[4] Group A Rotaviruses in Zambia Reveals Positive Selection in Amino Acid Site 7 of Viral Protein 3. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020501. [PMID: 36851715 PMCID: PMC9965253 DOI: 10.3390/v15020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The G2P[4] genotype is among the rotavirus strains that circulate commonly in humans. Several countries have reported its immediate upsurge after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination, raising concern about sub-optimal vaccine effectiveness against this genotype in the long term. This study aimed to gain insight into the evolution of post-vaccine Zambian G2P[4] group A rotavirus (RVA) strains and their overall genetic make-up by analysis of sequence alignments at the amino acid (AA) level. Twenty-nine Zambian G2P[4] rotavirus strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq® platform. All the strains exhibited the typical DS-1-like genotype constellation, and the nucleotide sequences of the 11 genome segments showed high nucleotide similarities (>97%). Phylogenetic analyses together with representative global G2P[4] RVA showed that Zambian strains clustered into human lineages IV (for VP2, VP4, VP7, NSP1, and NSP5), V (for VP1, VP3, VP6, NSP2, and NSP3), and XXIII (for NSP4). The AA differences between the lineages where the study strains clustered and lineages of global reference strains were identified and analyzed. Selection pressure analysis revealed that AA site seven in the Viral Protein 3 (VP3) genome segment was under positive selection. This site occurs in the region of intrinsic disorder in the VP3 protein, and Zambian G2P[4] strains could potentially be utilizing this intrinsically disordered region to survive immune pressure. The Zambian G2P[4] strains from 2012 to 2016 comprised the G2P[4] strains that have been circulating globally since the early 2000s, highlighting the epidemiological fitness of these contemporary G2P[4] strains. Continuous whole-genome surveillance of G2P[4] strains remains imperative to understand their evolution during the post-vaccination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Robyn-Lee Potgieter
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Julia Simwaka
- Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Evans M. Mpabalwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Ridgeway, Lusaka RW50000, Zambia
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Milton T. Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Magagula
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Mathew D. Esona
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - A. Duncan Steele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Mapaseka L. Seheri
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Martin M. Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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4
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Makori TO, Bargul JL, Lambisia AW, Mwanga MJ, Murunga N, de Laurent ZR, Lewa CS, Mutunga M, Kellam P, Cotten M, Nokes DJ, Phan M, Agoti CN. Genomic epidemiology of the rotavirus G2P[4] strains in coastal Kenya pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction, 2012-8. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead025. [PMID: 37207000 PMCID: PMC10190042 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the national immunization programme in many countries has led to a decline in childhood diarrhoea disease burden. Coincidentally, the incidence of some rotavirus group A (RVA) genotypes has increased, which may result from non-vaccine-type replacement. Here, we investigate the evolutionary genomics of rotavirus G2P[4] which has shown an increase in countries that introduced the monovalent Rotarix® vaccine. We examined sixty-three RVA G2P[4] strains sampled from children (aged below 13 years) admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya, pre- (2012 to June 2014) and post-(July 2014 to 2018) rotavirus vaccine introduction. All the sixty-three genome sequences showed a typical DS-1-like genome constellation (G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). Pre-vaccine G2 sequences predominantly classified as sub-lineage IVa-3 and co-circulated with low numbers of sub-lineage IVa-1 strains, whereas post-vaccine G2 sequences mainly classified into sub-lineage IVa-3. In addition, in the pre-vaccine period, P[4] sub-lineage IVa strains co-circulated with low numbers of P[4] lineage II strains, but P[4] sub-lineage IVa strains predominated in the post-vaccine period. On the global phylogeny, the Kenyan pre- and post-vaccine G2P[4] strains clustered separately, suggesting that different virus populations circulated in the two periods. However, the strains from both periods exhibited conserved amino acid changes in the known antigenic epitopes, suggesting that replacement of the predominant G2P[4] cluster was unlikely a result of immune escape. Our findings demonstrate that the pre- and post-vaccine G2P[4] strains circulating in Kilifi, coastal Kenya, differed genetically but likely were antigenically similar. This information informs the discussion on the consequences of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike J Mwanga
- Epidemiology and Demography Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Off Hospital Road, P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nickson Murunga
- Epidemiology and Demography Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Off Hospital Road, P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Zaydah R de Laurent
- Epidemiology and Demography Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Off Hospital Road, P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Clement S Lewa
- Epidemiology and Demography Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Off Hospital Road, P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Martin Mutunga
- Epidemiology and Demography Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Off Hospital Road, P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Kymab Ltd, The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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5
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Okitsu S, Khamrin P, Hikita T, Thongprachum A, Pham NTK, Hoque SA, Hayakawa S, Maneekarn N, Ushijima H. Changing distribution of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis in outpatient clinic, 2014-2020. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:816-825. [PMID: 35759807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and children worldwide. In Japan, two kinds of rotavirus vaccines have been introduced as voluntary vaccines in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and launched into the national vaccine program in October 2020. METHODS In this study, we investigated prevalence of RVA and their molecular characterization in the stool samples collected from infants and children with AGE who visited one outpatient clinic in Japan, from July 2014 to June 2020, during voluntary vaccination with two kinds of rotavirus vaccines. RESULTS The RVA detection rates decreased from 44.7 % in 2014-2015 to 35.4 % in 2018-2019, whereas in 2019-2020 the numbers of samples collected were dramatically decreased and none of RVA was detected. During this study period, rotavirus vaccination rates in this area increased from 32.4 % to 62.2 %. Distribution of RVA VP7 (G), VP4 (P), and VP6 (I) genotypes in this area had changed year by year; the major genotype combinations were G1P[8]I1 and G1P[8]I2 in 2014-2015, G2P[4]I2 and G9P[8]I1 in 2015-2016, G1P[8]I1 and G8P[8]I2 in 2017-2018, and G8P[8]I2 in 2018-2019. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that VP7 nucleotide sequences of G1 were genetically diverse compared with those of other G genotypes in this study. Meanwhile, predominance of unusual G2P[8]I1, G2P[8]I2 and mixed P genotypes were observed only in 2016-2017, but did not carry on in 2017-2019. The equine-like G3 was detected only in 2016-2017. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed diversity of RVA genotypes and the genotype combinations have changed year by year in Japan, during the study period of 2016-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Aksara Thongprachum
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Mwangi PN, Page NA, Seheri ML, Mphahlele MJ, Nadan S, Esona MD, Kumwenda B, Kamng'ona AW, Donato CM, Steele DA, Ndze VN, Dennis FE, Jere KC, Nyaga MM. Evolutionary changes between pre- and post-vaccine South African group A G2P[4] rotavirus strains, 2003-2017. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35446251 PMCID: PMC9453071 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient upsurge of G2P[4] group A rotavirus (RVA) after Rotarix vaccine introduction in several countries has been a matter of concern. To gain insight into the diversity and evolution of G2P[4] strains in South Africa pre- and post-RVA vaccination introduction, whole-genome sequencing was performed for RVA positive faecal specimens collected between 2003 and 2017 and samples previously sequenced were obtained from GenBank (n=103; 56 pre- and 47 post-vaccine). Pre-vaccine G2 sequences predominantly clustered within sub-lineage IVa-1. In contrast, post-vaccine G2 sequences clustered mainly within sub-lineage IVa-3, whereby a radical amino acid (AA) substitution, S15F, was observed between the two sub-lineages. Pre-vaccine P[4] sequences predominantly segregated within sub-lineage IVa while post-vaccine sequences clustered mostly within sub-lineage IVb, with a radical AA substitution R162G. Both S15F and R162G occurred outside recognised antigenic sites. The AA residue at position 15 is found within the signal sequence domain of Viral Protein 7 (VP7) involved in translocation of VP7 into endoplasmic reticulum during infection process. The 162 AA residue lies within the hemagglutination domain of Viral Protein 4 (VP4) engaged in interaction with sialic acid-containing structure during attachment to the target cell. Free energy change analysis on VP7 indicated accumulation of stable point mutations in both antigenic and non-antigenic regions. The segregation of South African G2P[4] strains into pre- and post-vaccination sub-lineages is likely due to erstwhile hypothesized stepwise lineage/sub-lineage evolution of G2P[4] strains rather than RVA vaccine introduction. Our findings reinforce the need for continuous whole-genome RVA surveillance and investigation of contribution of AA substitutions in understanding the dynamic G2P[4] epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nicola A Page
- Centre for Enteric Disease, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mapaseka L Seheri
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Jeffrey Mphahlele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2351, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sandrama Nadan
- Centre for Enteric Disease, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mathew D Esona
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Kumwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Arox W Kamng'ona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre3, Malawi.,Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melboune 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Duncan A Steele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Valantine N Ndze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
| | - Francis E Dennis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O Box LG581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Center for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L697BE, Liverpool, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Martin M Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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7
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Salamanca de la Cueva I, Pahud B, Huang LM, Leonardi M, Garcia-Sicilia J, Céspedes J, Abdelnour A, Tamura T, Kuroki H, Chiu NC, Virta M, Kokko S, Horn M, Panzer F, Kim JH, Lee J, Moerman L, Debacq C, Parra J, Ugarte A, Bi D. Immunogenicity and safety of porcine circovirus-free human rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants: a phase III, randomized trial. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:jiaa210. [PMID: 32365189 PMCID: PMC9200154 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) material was detected in the human rotavirus vaccine (HRV) in 2010. In this study (NCT02914184) we compared immunogenicity and safety of the PCV-free HRV vaccine (PCV-free HRV) with HRV. PCV-free HRV is an HRV with no detection of PCV-1 and PCV-2 according to the limit of detection of the tests used. METHODS Healthy infants 6-12 weeks of age were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive 2 doses of 1 of the 3 lots of PCV-free HRV or HRV. The study objectives were to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency of the PCV-free HRV and non-inferiority of PCV-free HRV as compared to HRV in terms of immunogenicity, 1-2 months post-dose 2. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 1612 infants were enrolled and 1545 completed the study. Study objectives were demonstrated since the pre-defined criteria were met. Among participants receiving PCV-free HRV and HRV, 79.27% and 81.76% seroconverted and geometric mean concentrations were 159.5 and 152.8 U/mL, respectively. The incidences of adverse events and serious adverse events were similar between the pooled PCV-free HRV and HRV groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3 PCV-free HRV lots demonstrated consistency and PCV-free HRV was non-inferior compared to HRV in terms of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pahud
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Li-Min Huang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Arturo Abdelnour
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Miia Virta
- Tampere Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Kokko
- Tampere Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michael Horn
- Pediatric Office, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany
| | - Falko Panzer
- Pediatric Office Dres. Panzer and Colleagues, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ugarte
- Janssen Pharmaceutica companies of Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dan Bi
- GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre, Belgium
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8
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Distribution of rotavirus genotypes in Japan from 2015 to 2018: Diversity in genotypes before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine 2020; 38:3980-3986. [PMID: 32307276 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity in group A rotavirus (RVA) strains after introduction of RV-vaccines remains an emerging concern worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) from 2015 to 2018. In addition, a comparison of the genotypes in pre-vaccination (2006-2012) and post-vaccination (2012-2018) periods was conducted to understand the impact of these vaccines on genotype distribution. METHODS Fecal samples were collected regularly from outpatient clinics in six localities: Hokkaido, Tokyo, Shizuoka, Osaka, Kyoto, and Saga. RVA were screened and genotyped by RT-PCR and sequence-based genotyping. RESULTS During the period 2015-2018, RVA was detected in 307 (19.7%) samples out of 1557 specimens: 29.9% (95% CI: 25.8% to 34.3%), 17.9% (95% CI: 14.7% to 21.5%), and 13% (95% CI: 10.3% to 16.0%) were detected RVA-positive in 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, respectively. The average detection of RVA in pre-vaccination (2006-2012) and post-vaccination (2012-2018) era remained almost similar (18%-20%). The G2P[4]I2 (52.1%, 95% CI: 43.5%-60.6%) remained the most common genotype in 2015-2016, whereas G8P[8]I2 (55.9%, 95% CI: 45.2%-66.2%) dominated in 2016-2017. In 2017-2018, G9P[8]I2 (42.0%, 95% CI: 30.5%-53.9%) prevailed, followed by G9P[8]I1 (23.0%, 95% CI: 14.0%-34.2%). The detection rate of some common genotypes of pre-vaccination era like G1P[8] and G3P[8] has been reduced after introduction of RV-vaccine, whereas genotypes that were sporadic before the introduction of vaccines like G2P[4], G2P[8], G9P[8] and G8P[8] were emerged/reemerged in post-vaccination period. CONCLUSIONS Our study presented the diversity in circulating RVA genotypes in Japan before and after introduction of RV-vaccines. Sudden emergence of DS-1-like (I2) unusual strains in post-vaccination era remains alarming. Continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is therefore indispensable to refine future vaccine strategy.
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Motamedi-Rad M, Farahmand M, Arashkia A, Jalilvand S, Shoja Z. VP7 and VP4 genotypes of rotaviruses cocirculating in Iran, 2015 to 2017: Comparison with cogent sequences of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccine strains before their use for universal mass vaccination. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1110-1123. [PMID: 31774174 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to analyze the genotypic diversity of circulating species A rotavirus (RVA) strains in Iran and also to investigate comparative analysis between the genotypes of VP4 and VP7 of cocirculating RVA and vaccine strains before the vaccine is introduced in the national immunization program. The G3-lineage I was found in this study as the most common G genotype which was followed by G9-lineage III, G1-lineages I, II, G12-lineage III, G2-lineage IV, and G4-lineage I. Also, P[8]-lineages III, IV was found as the predominant P genotype which was followed by P[4]-lineage V, and P[6]-lineage I. Overally, G3P[8] was determined as the most common combination. Moreover, the analysis of the VP7 antigenic epitopes showed that several amino acid differences existed between circulating Iranian and the vaccine strains. The comparison of genotype G1 of Iranian and vaccine strains (RotaTeq and Rotarix), and genotypes G2, G3, and G4 of Iranian and RotaTeq vaccine strains revealed three to five amino acids differences on the VP7 antigenic epitopes. Furthermore, analyzing of the VP8* epitopes of Iranian P[8] strains indicated that they contained up to 11 and 14 amino acid differences with Rotarix and RotaTeq, respectively. Based on different patterns of amino acid substitutions in circulating and vaccine strains, the emergence of antibody escaping mutants and potentially the decrease of immune protection might ensue in vaccinated children. However, considering the broad cross-protective activity of RVA vaccines, their efficacy should be monitored after the introduction in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Diversity of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Botswana before and after introduction of the Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:6324-6328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Roczo-Farkas S, Cowley D, Bines JE. Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program: Annual Report, 2017. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019. [DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2019.43.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This report, from the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program and collaborating laboratories Australia-wide, describes the rotavirus genotypes identified in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 January to 31 December 2017. During this period, 2,285 faecal specimens were referred for rotavirus G and P genotype analysis, including 1,103 samples that were confirmed as rotavirus positive. Of these, 1,014/1,103 were wildtype rotavirus strains and 89/1,103 were identified as rotavirus vaccine-like. Genotype analysis of the 1,014 wildtype rotavirus samples from both children and adults demonstrated that G2P[4] was the dominant genotype nationally, identified in 39% of samples, followed by equine-like G3P[8] and G8P[8] (25% and 16% respectively). Multiple outbreaks were recorded across Australia, including G2P[4] (Northern Territory, Western Australia, and South Australia), equine-like G3P[8] (New South Wales), and G8P[8] (New South Wales and Victoria). This year also marks the change in the Australian National Immunisation Program to the use of Rotarix exclusively, on 1 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Roczo-Farkas
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052
| | - Daniel Cowley
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052
| | - Julie E Bines
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052; Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052
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12
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Zeng Y, Li T, Zhao B, Lai F, Tang X, Qiao Y, Chen W, Yu F, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ge S, Xu H, Xia N. Molecular epidemiology of group A rotavirus in outpatient diarrhea infants and children in Chongqing, China, 2011-2015. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1788-1796. [PMID: 31241179 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distribution of RVA in the Midwest of China. Sentinel-based surveillance of acute diarrhea was conducted at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2011 to 2015. RVA was tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The partial VP4 genes and VP7 genes of rotavirus were amplified and sequenced, and genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Among the 2236 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis, 681 (30.46%) were positive for RVA. The majority of children (89.28%) who tested positive for RVA were children aged ≤2 years. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the winter. As for genotype, four strain combinations, G9P[8], G3P[8], G1P[8], and G2P[4] contributed to 75.62% (515/681) of the RVA-associated diarrhea cases. After a marked increase in G9P[8] (30.77%) in 2013, G9P[8] became the predominant genotype in 2014 and 2015, whilst the prevalence of G1P[8] was decreased to 2.72% in 2015. Unusual G-P combinations (eg, G1P[4], G9P[4], G4P[6], G3P[4], G2P[8]) were also detected sporadically over the study period. Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the VP7 sequences of G9 strains were clustered into two main lineages, and 77.34% of them were clustered into lineage VI, with the highest nucleotide similarity to the strain JS12-17(China). VP4 gene sequences of P[8] strains were almost P[8]-lineage 3. Substantial temporal variation in the circulation of various genotypes of rotavirus in Chongqing was observed during 2011-2015, and highlights the need for continuous surveillance of RVA infection for better understanding and control of RVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Biyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingqin Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanbin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Athiyyah AF, Utsumi T, Wahyuni RM, Dinana Z, Yamani LN, Soetjipto, Sudarmo SM, Ranuh RG, Darma A, Juniastuti, Raharjo D, Matsui C, Deng L, Abe T, Doan YH, Fujii Y, Shimizu H, Katayama K, Lusida MI, Shoji I. Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Rotavirus Infection Among Pediatric Patients in East Java, Indonesia During 2015-2018: Dynamic Changes in Rotavirus Genotypes From Equine-Like G3 to Typical Human G1/G3. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 31130934 PMCID: PMC6510320 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis among children worldwide, and effective RVA vaccines have been introduced in many countries. Here we performed a molecular epidemiological analysis of RVA infection among pediatric patients in East Java, Indonesia, during 2015-2018. A total of 432 stool samples were collected from hospitalized pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis. None of the patients in this cohort had been immunized with an RVA vaccine. The overall prevalence of RVA infection was 31.7% (137/432), and RVA infection was significantly more prevalent in the 6- to 11-month age group than in the other age groups (P < 0.05). Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that the most common G-P combination was equine-like G3P[8] (70.8%), followed by equine-like G3P[6] (12.4%), human G1P[8] (8.8%), G3P[6] (1.5%), and G1P[6] (0.7%). Interestingly, the equine-like strains were exclusively detected until May 2017, but in July 2017 they were completely replaced by a typical human genotype (G1 and G3), suggesting that the dynamic changes in RVA genotypes from equine-like G3 to typical human G1/G3 in Indonesia can occur even in the country with low RVA vaccine coverage rate. The mechanism of the dynamic changes in RVA genotypes needs to be explored. Infants and children with RVA-associated gastroenteritis presented more frequently with some dehydration, vomiting, and watery diarrhea, indicating a greater severity of RVA infection compared to those with non-RVA gastroenteritis. In conclusion, a dynamic change was found in the RVA genotype from equine-like G3 to a typical human genotype. Since severe cases of RVA infection were prevalent, especially in children aged 6 to 11 months or more generally in those less than 2 years old, RVA vaccination should be included in Indonesia's national immunization program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha Fardah Athiyyah
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Takako Utsumi
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rury Mega Wahyuni
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zayyin Dinana
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reza Gunadi Ranuh
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andy Darma
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Juniastuti
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lin Deng
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yen Hai Doan
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Fritzen JTT, Oliveira MV, Lorenzetti E, Miyabe FM, Viziack MP, Rodrigues CA, Ayres H, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Longitudinal surveillance of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in a high milk yield dairy cattle herd after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:260-264. [PMID: 30827398 PMCID: PMC7117106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RVA vaccination program reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in dairy calves. The vaccination immune pressure can select specific genotypes in RVA field strains. RVA genotype G10P[11] in fecal samples of calves from G6P[5] vaccinated dairy cattle herds.
Worldwide, neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important health issues affecting dairy calves, and rotavirus A (RVA) is one of its primary causes. Among the measures to mitigate the risk of diarrhea outbreaks, cow vaccination stands out as one of the most important. However, the immune pressure resulting from routine vaccination may be able to select specific G and P genotypes in RVA field strains. This study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of neonatal diarrhea and the incidence of RVA and attempted to monitor the G and P genotypes present in the RVA strains circulating in a high milk yield cattle herd vaccinated with RVA G6P[5] strain. Fecal samples (n = 1220) from 122 Holstein heifer calves between 0–30 days old that were born from RVA-vaccinated cows were collected at 10 different time points, regardless of the presence or absence of diarrhea. The presence of RVA in fecal samples was determined by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique and confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). G and P amplicons from 10 RVA-positive fecal samples from calves of different ages and collections were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. The proportion of the calves and fecal samples that were positive for RVA were 62.3% (76/122) and 8.1% (99/1220), respectively. Using sequence analysis, all 10 RVA field strains presented genotype G10P[11]. The protection of G6P[5] vaccination is clear, as this genotype was not detected in this study, and it is known that vaccination against RVA reduces the incidence of diarrhea independent of genotype involved. This result demonstrates the importance of epidemiological monitoring of RVA genotypes circulating in vaccinated dairy cattle herds to the early detection of new potential pathogenic RVA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T T Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Viziack
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ/USP. 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rodrigues
- SAMVET, 1600, Getúlio Vargas Ave, Jardim São Paulo, 13570-390, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD Animal Health, 296, Dr. Chucri Zaidan Ave, Vila Cordeiro, 50030-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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15
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Tian Y, Chughtai AA, Gao Z, Yan H, Chen Y, Liu B, Huo D, Jia L, Wang Q, MacIntyre CR. Prevalence and genotypes of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under five years old with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2011-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:497. [PMID: 30285635 PMCID: PMC6168998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease, and one of the common causes of death in children aged under five years old. The dominant epidemic strains may change in different years in the same area. In order to provide evidence for rotavirus epidemic control and inform vaccine development, we analyzed epidemiological patterns and genetic characteristics of rotavirus in Beijing during 2011-2016. METHODS Stool specimens of outpatient children under five years old were collected from three children's hospitals on a weekly basis. Group A rotavirus antigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The partial VP4 genes and VP7 genes of rotavirus were both amplified and sequenced. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Logistic regression and Chi-square tests were performed to determine differences across age groups, districts and years in rotavirus prevalence and genotype distribution. RESULTS A total of 3668 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea identified through hospital-based surveillance were collected from 2011 to 2016 in Beijing. A total of 762 (20.8%) specimens tested positive for rotavirus. The rotavirus-positive rate was highest among the 1-2 years old age group (29.0%, 310/1070). November, December and January were the highest rotavirus-positive rate months each year. G9 was the most common G genotype (64.4%, 461/716), and P [8] was the most common P genotype (87.0%, 623/716) among the 716 rotavirus-positive specimens. G9P [8], G3P [8] and G2P [4] were the most common strains. The rotavirus-positive rates of samples in 2012 and 2013 were higher than that in 2011, and the dominant genotype changed from G3P [8] to G9P [8] in 2012 and 2013. VP7 gene sequences of G9 strains in this study clustered into two main lineages. Most of the G9 strains exhibited the highest nucleotide similarity (99.1%~ 100.0%) to the strain found in Japan (MI1128). VP4 gene sequences of P [8] strains were almost P[8]b. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus accounted for more than one fifth of childhood diarrhea in Beijing during the study period. Targeted measures such as immunization with effective rotavirus vaccines should be carried out to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiu Yan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da Huo
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chandini Raina MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- College of Public Service and Community Solutions, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
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