1
|
Brakel BA, Sussman MS, Majeed H, Teitel J, Man C, Rayner T, Weiss R, Moineddin R, Blanchette V, Doria AS. T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage in hemophilia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102182. [PMID: 37767061 PMCID: PMC10520564 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In hemophilia, recurrent hemarthrosis may lead to irreversible arthropathy. T2 mapping MRI may reflect cartilage changes at an earlier reversible stage of arthropathy as opposed to structural MRI. Objectives To evaluate interval changes of T2 mapping compared with the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) structural MRI scores of ankle cartilage in boys with hemophilia receiving prophylaxis. Methods Eight boys with hemophilia A (median age, 13; range, 9-17 years), 7 age- and sex-matched healthy boys (controls, median age, 15; range, 7-16 years). A multiecho spin-echo T2-weighted MRI sequence at 3.0T was used to obtain T2 maps of cartilage of boys with hemophilia and controls. Structural joint status was evaluated using the IPSG MRI score. Results T2 relaxation times of ankle cartilage increased significantly over time in both persons with hemophilia and controls (P = .002 and P = .00009, respectively). Changes in T2 relaxation time strongly correlated with changes in IPSG cartilage scores (rs = 0.93 to rs = 0.78 [P = .0007 to P = .023]), but not with changes in age (P = .304 to P = .840). Responsiveness of T2 relaxation times were higher than that of IPSG cartilage scores, with standardized response means >1.4 for T2 mapping in all regions-of-interest compared with 0.84 for IPSG cartilage scores. Baseline T2 relaxation time strongly correlated with timepoint 2 IPSG cartilage score (rs = 0.93 to rs = 0.82 [P = .001 to P = .012]) and T2 relaxation time (rs = 0.98 to rs = 0.88 [P = .00003 to P = .004]) changes in most regions-of-interest. Conclusion T2 mapping shows sensitivity to biochemical changes in cartilage prior to detectable damage using conventional MRI, offering potential for early detection of bleed-related cartilage damage in boys with hemophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Brakel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marshall S. Sussman
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haris Majeed
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Teitel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carina Man
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tammy Rayner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Division of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Blanchette
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea S. Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding Z, Cong S, Xie Y, Feng S, Chen S, Chen J. Location of the Suture Anchor in Hill-Sachs Lesion Could Influence Glenohumeral Cartilage Quality and Limit Range of Motion After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and Remplissage. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2628-2637. [PMID: 32804547 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520945723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has reported clinical evidence for cartilage change in the glenohumeral joint or the cause of loss in range of motion (ROM) after arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage technique (BR). PURPOSE To investigate the postoperative features of glenohumeral joint cartilage, ROM, and anchor placement for remplissage at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up after BR and to analyze the correlations. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 21 patients who underwent BR received follow-up for a minimum of 2 years. At both preoperative assessment and final follow-up, passive shoulder ROM, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation score were assessed. All patients underwent 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination at final follow-up. The clinical outcomes, glenohumeral cartilage or Hill-Sachs lesion-related MRI parameters, and their potential correlations were analyzed. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 55.0 months (range, 24-119 months). Compared with preoperative assessment, all functional scores significantly improved (P < .001). At the final follow-up, a significant ROM loss (>15°) of external rotation (ER) at the side (ER0) was found in 12 patients, among whom 8 patients had significant ROM loss of ER at 90° of abduction as well. Further, 12 patients with decreased ER had significantly higher signal intensity of cartilage on the anterior, middle, and posterior humeral head (anterior, P = .002; middle, P < .001; posterior, P < .001) than 9 patients with normal ER. The ratio of the width of the remplissage anchor to the diameter of the humeral head (w:d ratio) was significantly greater (P = .031) in the decreased ER group than in the normal ER group. Correlation analysis showed that signal intensity on the posterior humeral head and ER0 loss (ΔER0) had a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.516; P = .034), while the w:d ratio and ΔER0 had a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.519; P = .039). CONCLUSION At a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, patients who underwent BR showed significant clinical improvement compared with preoperative assessment, except for limitations in ER. The glenohumeral cartilage degeneration (higher signal intensity) after BR had a significantly positive correlation with the postoperative ER loss, which was found to be associated with a relatively medial placement of the remplissage anchor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheci Ding
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Cong
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxue Xie
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Feng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Staines K, Poulet B, Wentworth D, Pitsillides A. The STR/ort mouse model of spontaneous osteoarthritis - an update. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:802-808. [PMID: 27965138 PMCID: PMC5446355 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and a world-wide healthcare burden. Characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone thickening and osteophyte formation, osteoarthritis inflicts much pain and suffering, for which there are currently no disease-modifying treatments available. Mouse models of osteoarthritis are proving critical in advancing our understanding of the underpinning molecular mechanisms. The STR/ort mouse is a well-recognized model which develops a natural form of osteoarthritis very similar to the human disease. In this Review we discuss the use of the STR/ort mouse in understanding this multifactorial disease with an emphasis on recent advances in its genetics and its bone, endochondral and immune phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K.A. Staines
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK,School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: K.A. Staines, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK.Edinburgh Napier UniversitySchool of Applied SciencesSighthill CampusEdinburghEH11 4BNUK
| | - B. Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Musculoskeletal Biology 1, University of Liverpool, Room 286, Second Floor, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - D.N. Wentworth
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - A.A. Pitsillides
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juras V, Bohndorf K, Heule R, Kronnerwetter C, Szomolanyi P, Hager B, Bieri O, Zbyn S, Trattnig S. A comparison of multi-echo spin-echo and triple-echo steady-state T2 mapping for in vivo evaluation of articular cartilage. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:1905-12. [PMID: 26334512 PMCID: PMC4863907 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical relevance of T2 relaxation times, measured by 3D triple-echo steady-state (3D-TESS), in knee articular cartilage compared to conventional multi-echo spin-echo T2-mapping. METHODS Thirteen volunteers and ten patients with focal cartilage lesions were included in this prospective study. All subjects underwent 3-Tesla MRI consisting of a multi-echo multi-slice spin-echo sequence (CPMG) as a reference method for T2 mapping, and 3D TESS with the same geometry settings, but variable acquisition times: standard (TESSs 4:35min) and quick (TESSq 2:05min). T2 values were compared in six different regions in the femoral and tibial cartilage using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The local ethics committee approved this study, and all participants gave written informed consent. RESULTS The mean quantitative T2 values measured by CPMG (mean: 46±9ms) in volunteers were significantly higher compared to those measured with TESS (mean: 31±5ms) in all regions. Both methods performed similarly in patients, but CPMG provided a slightly higher difference between lesions and native cartilage (CPMG: 90ms→61ms [31%],p=0.0125;TESS 32ms→24ms [24%],p=0.0839). CONCLUSIONS 3D-TESS provides results similar to those of a conventional multi-echo spin-echo sequence with many benefits, such as shortening of total acquisition time and insensitivity to B1 and B0 changes. KEY POINTS • 3D-TESS T 2 mapping provides clinically comparable results to CPMG in shorter scan-time. • Clinical and investigational studies may benefit from high temporal resolution of 3D-TESS. • 3D-TESS T 2 values are able to differentiate between healthy and damaged cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Juras
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Klaus Bohndorf
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rahel Heule
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kronnerwetter
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Benedikt Hager
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zbyn
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Markhardt BK, Chang EY. Hypointense signal lesions of the articular cartilage: a review of current concepts. Clin Imaging 2014; 38:785-91. [PMID: 24928821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discussion of articular cartilage disease detection by MRI usually focuses on the presence of bright signal on T2-weighted sequences, such as in Grade 1 chondromalacia and cartilage fissures containing fluid. Less emphasis has been placed on how cartilage disease may be manifested by dark signal on T2-weighted sequences. The appearance of the recently described "cartilage black line sign" of the femoral trochlea highlights these lesions and further raises the question of their etiology. We illustrate various hypointense signal lesions that are not restricted to the femoral trochlea of the knee joint and discuss the possible etiologies for these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Keegan Markhardt
- Department of Radiology, Community Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marks R. Osteoarthritis and Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics and Novel Treatment Paradigms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aar.2014.34039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Garnov N, Gründer W, Thörmer G, Trampel R, Turner R, Kahn T, Busse H. In vivo MRI analysis of depth-dependent ultrastructure in human knee cartilage at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1412-1419. [PMID: 23801556 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal intensities of T2-weighted magnetic resonance images depend on the local fiber arrangement in hyaline cartilage. The aims of this study were to determine whether angle-sensitive MRI at 7 T can be used to quantify the cartilage ultrastructure of the knee in vivo and to assess potential differences with age. Ten younger (21-30) and ten older (55-76 years old) healthy volunteers were imaged with a T2-weighted spin-echo sequence in a 7 T whole-body MRI. A "fascicle" model was assumed to describe the depth-dependent fiber arrangement of cartilage. The R/T boundary positions between radial and transitional zones were assessed from intensity profiles in small regions of interest in the femur and tibia, and normalized to cartilage thickness using logistic curve fits. The quality of our highly resolved (0.3 × 0.3 × 1.0 mm(3)) MR cartilage images were high enough for quantitative analysis (goodness of fit R(2) = 0.91 ± 0.09). Between younger and older subjects, normalized positions of the R/T boundary, with value 0 at the bone-cartilage interface and 1 at the cartilage surface, were significantly (p < 0.05) different in femoral (0.51 ± 0.12 versus 0.41 ± 0.10), but not in tibial cartilage (0.65 ± 0.11 versus 0.57 ± 0.09, p = 0.119). Within both age groups, differences between femoral and tibial R/T boundaries were significant. Using a fascicle model and angle-sensitive MRI, the depth-dependent anisotropic fiber arrangement of knee cartilage could be assessed in vivo from a single 7 T MR image. The derived quantitative parameter, thickness of the radial zone, may serve as an indicator of the structural integrity of cartilage. This method may potentially be suitable to detect and monitor early osteoarthritis because the progressive disintegration of the anisotropic network is also indicative of arthritic changes in cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Garnov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim NSJ, Hamed Z, Yeow CH, Chan C, Huang Z. Early detection of biomolecular changes in disrupted porcine cartilage using polarized Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:017003. [PMID: 21280924 DOI: 10.1117/1.3528006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the feasibility of applying polarized Raman spectroscopy in probing the early biochemical compositions and orientation changes in impacted porcine cartilage explants. We divide 100 fresh tibial cartilage explants into four groups: control (unimpacted) and 3 groups of single impact at 15, 20, and 25 MPa. Each group is examined for biochemical changes using Raman microscopy, cell viability changes using confocal fluorescence microscopy, and histological changes using the modified Mankin score. For the 15-MPa impact group, the modified Mankin score (p>0.05, n=15) and cell viability test (p>0.05, n=5) reveal no significant changes when compared to the control, but polarized Raman spectroscopy detects significant biochemical changes. A significant decrease in the parallel polarized intensity of the pyranose ring band at 1126 cm(-1) suggests a possible decrease in the glycoaminoglycan content in early cartilage damage (one-way analysis of variance with a post hoc Bonferonni test, p<0.05, n=10). For impacts greater than 15 MPa, cell viability and modified Mankin score are consistent with the changes in the observed polarized Raman signals. This suggests that the polarized Raman spectroscopy technique has potential for diagnosis and detection of early cartilage damage at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sheng Jie Lim
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119074
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Järveläinen H, Puolakkainen P, Pakkanen S, Brown EL, Höök M, Iozzo RV, Sage EH, Wight TN. A role for decorin in cutaneous wound healing and angiogenesis. Wound Repair Regen 2006; 14:443-52. [PMID: 16939572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Decorin is known to influence tissue tensile strength and cellular phenotype. Therefore, decorin is likely to have an impact on tissue repair, including cutaneous wound healing. In this study, cutaneous healing of both excisional and incisional full-thickness dermal wounds was studied in decorin-deficient (Dcn(-/-)) animals. A statistically significant delay in excisional wound healing in the Dcn(-/-) mice occurred at 4 and 10 days postwounding and, in incisional wounds at 4, 10, and 18 days when compared with wild-type (Dcn(-/-)) controls. Fibrovascular invasion into polyvinylalcohol sponges was significantly increased by day 18 in Dcn(-/-) mice relative to Dcn(+/+) mice. The 18-day sponge implants in the Dcn(-/-) mice showed a marked accumulation of biglycan when compared with the corresponding implants in Dcn(+/+) mice. Thus, regulated production of decorin may serve as an excellent therapeutic approach for modifying impaired wound healing and harmful foreign body reactions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Blaney Davidson EN, Vitters EL, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) and the TGFbeta signalling molecule SMAD-2P in spontaneous and instability-induced osteoarthritis: role in cartilage degradation, chondrogenesis and osteophyte formation. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1414-21. [PMID: 16439443 PMCID: PMC1798346 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.045971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary feature of osteoarthritis is cartilage loss. In addition, osteophytes can frequently be observed. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) has been suggested to be associated with protection against cartilage damage and new cartilage formation as seen in osteophytes. OBJECTIVE To study TGFbeta and TGFbeta signalling in experimental osteoarthritis to gain insight into the role of TGFbeta in cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation during osteoarthritis progression. METHODS Histological sections of murine knee joints were stained immunohistochemically for TGFbeta3 and phosphorylated SMAD-2 (SMAD-2P). Expression patterns were studied in two murine osteoarthritis models, representing spontaneous (STR/ort model) and instability-associated osteoarthritis (collagenase-induced instability model). RESULTS TGFbeta3 and SMAD-2P staining was increasingly reduced in cartilage during osteoarthritis progression in both models. Severely damaged cartilage was negative for TGFbeta3. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression was increased. In chondrocyte clusters, preceding osteophyte formation, TGFbeta3 and SMAD-2P were strongly expressed. In early osteophytes, TGFbeta3 was found in the outer fibrous layer, in the peripheral chondroblasts and in the core. Late osteophytes expressed TGFbeta3 only in the fibrous layer. SMAD-2P was found throughout the osteophyte at all stages. In the late-stage osteophytes, BMP-2 was strongly expressed. CONCLUSION Data show that lack of TGFbeta3 is associated with cartilage damage, suggesting loss of the protective effect of TGFbeta3 during osteoarthritis progression. Additionally, our results indicate that TGFbeta3 is involved in early osteophyte development, whereas BMP might be involved in late osteophyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E N Blaney Davidson
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mosher TJ, Chen Q, Smith MB. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nanomelic chicken cartilage: effect of aggrecan depletion on cartilage T2. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 11:709-15. [PMID: 13129689 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of proteoglycan depletion on cartilage proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy T2 using nanomelic chicken cartilage, a genetic mutant that completely lacks aggrecan. DESIGN Proton MR spectroscopic T2 measurements of normal embryonic and nanomelic femoral epiphyseal cartilage were obtained using a 96-echo pulse sequence with inter-echo delay times increased logarithmically over the TE period of 60 micros to 1.7 s. The relative intensity and distribution of cartilage T2 components were determined by fitting signal decay curves to a multi-exponential function. The number of T2 components in the signal decay curves was determined by the degree of freedom limited r2 of the fit. RESULTS For normal fetal chicken cartilage, 97.6 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- 95% confidence interval) of the total signal comprises a long T2 component (179.1 +/- 1.3 ms) with a relatively small short T2 component (0.5 +/- 0.4 ms). The T2 distribution for nanomelic cartilage is more heterogeneous with four components identified: two short T2 components (0.5 +/- 0.02 and 7.3 +/- 0.6 ms), a large intermediate component (56.4 +/- 5.6 ms), and a broadly distributed long component (137.5 +/- 16.6 ms). In nanomelic cartilage there is greater heterogeneity of cartilage T2 indicating greater variation in water proton mobility and exchange of water with the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Absence of aggrecan in the extracellular cartilage matrix produces greater heterogeneity in cartilage T2, but will not increase T2 as has been previously reported with degenerative change of the collagen matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Mosher
- Penn State Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology, The Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kavanagh E, Osborne AC, Ashhurst DE, Pitsillides AA. Keratan sulfate epitopes exhibit a conserved distribution during joint development that remains undisclosed on the basis of glycosaminoglycan charge density. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:1039-47. [PMID: 12133907 DOI: 10.1177/002215540205000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and distribution are vital for joint development. However, their precise character has not been established. We have used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and "critical electrolyte" Alcian blue staining to assess such changes in developing chick and rabbit joints. IHC showed chondroitin sulfate labeling in chick epiphyseal cartilage but not in interzones. In contrast, prominent labeling for keratan sulfate (KS) was restricted to chick cartilage-interzone interfaces. In rabbit knees, KS labeling was also prominent at presumptive cavity borders, but weak in interzone and cartilage. Selective pre-digestion produced appropriate loss of label and undersulfated KS was undetectable. Quantification of Alcian blue staining by scanning and integrating microdensitometry showed prominent hyaluronan-like (HA-like) interzone staining, with chondroitin sulfate and weaker KS staining restricted to epiphyseal cartilage. Hyaluronidase decreased HA-like staining in the interzone. Surprisingly, keratanases also reduced HA-like but not sulfated GAG (sGAG-like) staining in the interzone. Chondroitinase ABC had little effect on HA-like staining but decreased sGAG staining in all regions. Rabbit joints also showed HA-like but not KS staining in the interzone and strong chondroitin sulfate-like staining in epiphyseal cartilage. Our findings show restricted KS distribution in the region close to the presumptive joint cavity of developing chick and rabbit joints. Alcian blue staining does not detect this moiety. Therefore, it appears that although histochemistry allows relatively insensitive quantitative assessment of GAGs, IHC increases these detection limits. This is particularly evident for KS, which exhibits immunolabeling patterns in joints from different species that is consistent with a conserved functional role in chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kavanagh
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mason RM, Chambers MG, Flannelly J, Gaffen JD, Dudhia J, Bayliss MT. The STR/ort mouse and its use as a model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9:85-91. [PMID: 11237655 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2000.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Mason
- Molecular Pathology Section, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anderson-MacKenzie JM, Billingham ME, Bailey AJ. Collagen remodeling in the anterior cruciate ligament associated with developing spontaneous murine osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 258:763-7. [PMID: 10329460 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The initiating factors in primary, idiopathic osteoarthritis are unknown, the characteristic bone and cartilage changes being late features of the disease. We have proposed that biochemical cruciate ligament alteration may be important in early osteoarthritis by mediating loading consequences on the bone and cartilage. Using the widely accepted STR/ORT mouse model of spontaneous osteoarthritis we have found biochemical evidence that, before radiological signs of osteoarthritis develop, cruciate ligament collagen metabolism is upregulated in the STR/ORT mouse when compared to controls. Also, importantly, at this time the anterior cruciate ligament is weaker in STR/ORT mice than in controls. This is the first biochemical evidence to show that alterations in cruciate ligament metabolism occur early in the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic, primary osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Anderson-MacKenzie
- Collagen Research Group, University of Bristol, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Langford Bristol, BS40 5DS, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This review describes recent contributions made by microscopy to the understanding of osteoarthritis, a clinical syndrome the pathological features of which are well defined by classical white light microscopy. The fluorescence and reflected light, conventional and scanning optical microscopy of excised osteoarthritic tissue preparations, from human and animal sources, has enabled the identification of cell proteins such as S100, of matrix components such as the proteoglycans and collagens, and of adhesion molecules including fibronectin, the integrins and tenascin. Comparable microscopic studies have been made of cell and tissue culture preparations of osteoarthritic cartilage and synovium. Scanning optical microscopy also allows the rapid measurement, in hydrated osteoarthritic tissues, of cell density, cell size, surface roughness and other parameters. The importance of water in sustaining the physical attributes of cartilage is accepted and new forms of electron microscopy can play important parts in the study of unfixed osteoarthritic cartilage. These methods include the low temperature scanning electron microscopy and electron probe x-ray microanalysis of hydrated bulk material and the high resolution transmission electron microscopy of low temperature replicas of cartilage surfaces. Understanding of osteoarthritis has been facilitated by these advances and will continue to be enhanced as new techniques of microscopy evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Gardner
- Department of Pathology, University Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|