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Floroiu A, Loretz B, Krämer J, Lehr CM. Drug solubility in biorelevant media in the context of an inhalation-based biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114206. [PMID: 38316234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
An inhalation-based Biopharmaceutics Classification System for pulmonary drugs (iBCS) holds the perspective to allow for scientifically sound prediction of differences in the in vivo performance of orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs). A set of nine drug substances were selected, that are administered via both the oral and pulmonary routes. Their solubility was determined in media representative for the oral (Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF)) and pulmonary (Alveofact medium and Simulated Lung Fluid (SLF)) routes of administration to confirm the need for a novel approach for inhaled drugs. The complexity of these media was then stepwise reduced with the purpose of understanding the contribution of their components to the solubilizing capacity of the media. A second reason for varying the complexity was to identify a medium that would allow robust but accurate dissolution testing. Hence, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) as a medium used in many in vitro biological tests, non-buffered saline solution, and water were included. For some drug substances (salbutamol sulfate, tobramycin, isoniazid, and tiotropium bromide), no significant differences were observed between the solubility in the media used. For other drugs, however, we observed either just small (rifampicin, budesonide, salmeterol) or unexpectedly large differences (beclomethasone dipropionate). Based on the minimum theoretical solubility required for their common pulmonary dose in 10 ml of lung lining fluid, drug solubility was classified as either high or low. Two high solubility and two low solubility compounds were then selected for refined solubility testing in pulmonary relevant media by varying their content of phospholipids, surfactant proteins and other proteins. The solubility of drug substances in simulated lung lining fluids was found to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the drug substance and the composition of the media. While a pulmonary dissolution medium that would fit all drugs could not be established, our approach may provide guidance for finding the most suitable dissolution medium for a given drug substance and better designing in vitro tests for predicting the in vivo performance of inhalable drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Floroiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Eurofins PHAST Development GmbH & Co. KG, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Simitopoulos A, Tsekouras A, Macheras P. Coupling Drug Dissolution with BCS. Pharm Res 2024; 41:481-491. [PMID: 38291164 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to develop a Temporal Biopharmaceutic Classification System (T-BCS), linking Finite Dissolution Time (F.D.T.) and Mean Dissolution Time (M.D.T.) for Class I/III drugs and Mean Dissolution Time for saturation (M.D.T.s.) for Class II/IV drugs. METHODS These parameters are estimated graphically or by fitting dissolution models to experimental data and coupled with the dose-to-solubility ratio (q) for each drug normalized in terms of the actual volume of dissolution medium (900 mL). RESULTS Class I/III drugs consistently exhibited q values less than 1, aligning with expectations based on their solubility, while some Class II/IV drugs presented a deviation from anticipated q values, with observations of q < 1. This irregularity was rendered to the dissolution volume of 250 mL used for biopharmaceutical classification purposes instead of 900 mL applied as well as the dual classification of some sparingly soluble drugs. Biowaivers were also analyzed in terms of M.D.T., F.D.T. estimates and the regulatory dissolution time limits for rapidly and very-rapidly dissolved drugs. CONCLUSIONS The T-BCS is useful for establishing correlations and assessing the magnitude of M.D.T., F.D.T., or M.D.T.s. for inter- and intra-class comparisons of different drugs and provide relationships between these parameters across all the models that were utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Simitopoulos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsekouras
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- PharmaInformatics Unit, ATHENA Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Macheras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- PharmaInformatics Unit, ATHENA Research Center, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Junkert AM, Lazo REL, Deffert F, Carneiro J, Borba HHL, de Campos ML, Pontarolo R. Pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in adult patients: A scoping review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:528-547. [PMID: 37850318 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To map the literature on oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics and its implications for dose adjustments in specific populations. METHODS A scoping review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and JBI and reported following the PRISMA-ScR. Systematic searches on electronic databases were conducted to integrate the current evidence on ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics. The quality of the included studies was assessed using ClinPK's checklist. RESULTS The search yielded 55 relevant studies. Within the traditional pharmacokinetics studies (n = 46), 86 profiles were examined (72 involving healthy patients and 14 with various clinical conditions). Oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics were influenced by covariates such as drug interactions (ferrous ions, calcium carbonate, diclofenac and itraconazole), food interactions (calcium-rich foods), elderly populations and renal impairment. Notably, variability in pharmacokinetic parameters existed among subjects, regardless of their health status, underscoring the need for comprehensive population descriptions. Population pharmacokinetic studies (n = 9) identified significant covariates for hospitalized patients, such as creatinine clearance, plasma bicarbonate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal replacement therapy, age, sex, total bilirubin, fat-free mass, dietary factors in renal disease, rifampicin for clearance models and body weight for volume of distribution models. Most pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessments concluded that 1200 mg/day provides a high probability of target attainment for bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration <0.5 mg L-1 , aiming for an area under the curve for 24 h/minimum inhibitory concentration >125 h. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a comprehensive overview regarding oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics across various health conditions. It highlights the complexities of ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors in dose adjustments.
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Bobrowska K, Sadowska K, Stolarczyk K, Prześniak-Welenc M, Golec P, Bilewicz R. Bovine Serum Albumin - Hydroxyapatite Nanoflowers as Potential Local Drug Delivery System of Ciprofloxacin. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6449-6467. [PMID: 38026518 PMCID: PMC10640833 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hybrid nanoflowers are structures consisting of organic (enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids) and inorganic components (mostly metal phosphates) with a flower-like hierarchical structure. Novel hybrid nanoflowers based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained and characterized. Study on BSA-HA nanoflowers as potential drug delivery system is reported for the first time. Methods Embedding ciprofloxacin in the structure of hybrid nanoflowers was confirmed by ATR-FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. The inorganic phase of the nanoflowers was determined by X-ray diffraction. UV‒Vis spectroscopy was used to evaluate the release profiles of ciprofloxacin from nanoflowers in buffer solutions at pH 7.4 and 5. The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoflowers against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Bovine serum albumin - hydroxyapatite nanoflowers were obtained with diameters of ca. 1-2 µm. The kinetics of ciprofloxacin release from nanoflowers were described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoflowers was demonstrated against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, two main pathogens found in osteomyelitis. Conclusion The formulated nanoflowers may act as an efficient local antibiotic delivery system. Due to the use of nonhazardous, biodegradable components and benign synthesis, hybrid nanoflowers are very promising drug delivery systems that could be applied in the treatment of skeletal system infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Bobrowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Sadowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Prześniak-Welenc
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Golec
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yoshida T, Kojima H. Oral Drug Delivery Systems Applied to Launched Products: Value for the Patients and Industrial Considerations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5312-5331. [PMID: 37856863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) control the amount, rate, and site of administration of drug substances in the body as well as their release and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). Among the various types of DDS, amount-controlled DDS for solubilization and absorption increase the bioavailability. Time- and amount-controlled DDS are controlled release formulations classified as (1) membrane-type, (2) matrix-type, (3) osmotic-type, and (4) ion-exchange type. Timed-release formulations also control the time and amount of release and the absorption of drugs. Site- and amount-controlled DDS are characterized by colonic delivery and intestinal lymph-targeting to improve release and ADME of drug substances. Finally, site-, time-, and amount-controlled DDS are gastroretentive formulations and local delivery in the oral cavity to improve site retention, release, and ADME of drugs. DDS can enhance efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and optimize the dosing frequency of various drug products to increase patient value. This review focuses on patient value and industrial considerations of launched oral DDS. We provide a technological overview of candidate and marketed DDS, as well as the pros/cons of the technologies for industrialization with consideration to excipients, manufacturing, and storage stability. Moreover, to demonstrate the usefulness of the technology and support the selection and development of the best technologies for patients, we also describe patient value from clinical studies and analyses, particularly with regard to increased new medical options, higher efficacy, reduced adverse effects, reduced number of doses and clinic visits, easier administration, higher quality of life, greater adherence, and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
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Usmani MT, Shoaib MH, Siddiqui F, Ahmed FR, Yousuf RI, Saleem MT. Formulation development, in vivo bioequivalence and pediatric PBPK modeling studies of taste-masked ciprofloxacin chewable tablets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16070. [PMID: 37752265 PMCID: PMC10522605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A taste-masked chewable tablet of ciprofloxacin using ion exchange resin Kyron T-134 for enhancing compliance for the paediatric population was developed. The drug-to-resin ratio was optimized for maximum taste masking by studying the effects of soaking time (X1) and mixing time (X2) on complexation (%) using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The resin complexes were characterized by bitterness score, DSC, FTIR, and PXRD. The complex was further formulated and optimized into chewable tablets through full factorial design, The optimized formulation was subjected to a bioequivalence study, and a virtual approach of PBPK modelling was adapted to predict the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the paediatric group. The drug resin ratio of 1:1.5 yielded an optimum drug loading of 99.05%. The optimized formulation shows minimum disintegration time with more than 99% drug release within 30 min. The formulation F-9 was found to be bioequivalent with a geometric mean ratio of Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ within 90% CI. It was concluded that quality by design approach can successfully be applied to optimize the drug resin ratio and PBPK modeling is a successful predictive tool for estimating the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin HCl in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Usmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Research Facility, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Research Facility, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Maeda Y, Teraoka H, Okada A, Yamamoto M, Natsuyama S, Hieda Y, Nagatsuka Y, Sato Y, Goromaru T, Murakami T. Development and Evaluation of EDTA-Treated Rabbits for Bioavailability Study of Chelating Drugs Using Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Hemiacetal Ester Prodrugs, and Tetracycline. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1589. [PMID: 37376038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory rabbits are fed foods rich with cationic metals, and while fasting cannot empty gastric contents because of their coprophagic habits. This implies that, in rabbits, the oral bioavailability of chelating drugs could be modulated by the slow gastric emptying rates and the interaction (chelation, adsorption) with gastric metals. In the present study, we tried to develop a rabbit model with low amounts of cationic metals in the stomach for preclinical oral bioavailability studies of chelating drugs. The elimination of gastric metals was achieved by preventing food intake and coprophagy and administering a low concentration of EDTA 2Na solution one day before experiments. Control rabbits were fasted but coprophagy was not prevented. The efficacy of rabbits treated with EDTA 2Na was evaluated by comparing the gastric contents, gastric metal contents and gastric pH between EDTA-treated and control rabbits. The treatment with more than 10 mL of 1 mg/mL EDTA 2Na solution decreased the amounts of gastric contents, cationic metals and gastric pH, without causing mucosal damage. The absolute oral bioavailabilities (mean values) of levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), chelating antibiotics, were significantly higher in EDTA-treated rabbits than those in control rabbits as follows: 119.0 vs. 87.2%, 9.37 vs. 13.7%, and 4.90 vs. 2.59%, respectively. The oral bioavailabilities of these drugs were significantly decreased when Al(OH)3 was administered concomitantly in both control and EDTA-treated rabbits. In contrast, the absolute oral bioavailabilities of ethoxycarbonyl 1-ethyl hemiacetal ester (EHE) prodrugs of LFX and CFX (LFX-EHE, CFX-EHE), which are non-chelating prodrugs at least in in vitro condition, were comparable between control and EDTA-treated rabbits irrespective of the presence of Al(OH)3, although some variation was observed among rabbits. The oral bioavailabilities of LFX and CFX from their EHE prodrugs were comparable with LFX and CFX alone, respectively, even in the presence of Al(OH)3. In conclusion, LFX, CFX and TC exhibited higher oral bioavailabilities in EDTA-treated rabbits than in control rabbits, indicating that the oral bioavailabilities of these chelating drugs are reduced in untreated rabbits. In conclusion, EDTA-treated rabbits were found to exhibit low gastric contents including metals and low gastric pH, without causing mucosal damage. Ester prodrug of CFX was effective in preventing chelate formation with Al(OH)3 in vitro and in vivo, as well as in the case of ester prodrugs of LFX. EDTA-treated rabbits are expected to provide great advantages in preclinical oral bioavailability studies of various drugs and dosage formulations. However, a marked interspecies difference was still observed in the oral bioavailability of CFX and TC between EDTA-treated rabbits and humans, possibly due to the contribution of adsorptive interaction in rabbits. Further study is necessary to seek out the usefulness of the EDTA-treated rabbit with less gastric contents and metals as an experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorinobu Maeda
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Honoka Teraoka
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Ami Okada
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Mirei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Shintaro Natsuyama
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuhzo Hieda
- Common Resources Center, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagatsuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuhki Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Goromaru
- Laboratory of Drug Information Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Teruo Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima 739-2631, Japan
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Liang YK, Cheng WT, Chen LC, Sheu MT, Lin HL. Development of a Swellable and Floating Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System ( sfGRDDS) of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051428. [PMID: 37242670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sangelose® (SGL) is a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) derivative that has been hydrophobically modified. Due to its high viscosity, SGL has the potential as a gel-forming and release-rate-controlled material for application in swellable and floating gastroretentive drug delivery systems (sfGRDDS). The aim of this study was to develop ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded sfGRDDS tablets comprised of SGL and HPMC in order to extend CIP exposure in the body and achieve optimal antibiotic treatment regimes. Results illustrated that SGL-HPMC-based sfGRDDS could swell to a diameter above 11 mm and showed a short floating lag time (<4 s) and long total floating time (>24 h) to prevent gastric emptying. In dissolution studies, CIP-loaded SGL-HPMC sfGRDDS demonstrated a specific biphasic release effect. Among the formulations, the SGL/type-K HPMC 15,000 cps (HPMC 15K) (50:50) group exhibited typical biphasic release profiles, with F4-CIP and F10-CIP individually releasing 72.36% and 64.14% CIP within 2 h dissolution, and sustaining release to 12 h. In pharmacokinetic studies, the SGL-HPMC-based sfGRDDS demonstrated higher Cmax (1.56-1.73 fold) and shorter Tmax (0.67 fold) than HPMC-based sfGRDDS. Furthermore, SGL 90L in GRDDS indicated an excellent biphasic release effect and a maximum elevation of relative bioavailability (3.87 fold). This study successfully combined SGL and HPMC to manufacture sfGRDDS that retain CIP in the stomach for an optimal duration while improving its pharmacokinetic characteristics. It was concluded that the SGL-HPMC-based sfGRDDS is a promising biphasic antibiotic delivery system that can both rapidly achieve the therapeutic antibiotic concentration and maintain the plasma antibiotic concentration for an extended period to maximize antibiotic exposure in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Liang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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9
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Li J, Wang Y, Fan Z, Tang P, Wu M, Xiao H, Zeng Z. Toxicity of Tetracycline and Metronidazole in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3623. [PMID: 36834317 PMCID: PMC9964688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have become a new kind of organic pollutant as they are widely used in the water environment of China. Tetracycline (TC) is a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics produced or semi-synthesized by actinomycetes. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the first generation of typical nitroimidazoles. The content of nitroimidazoles is relatively high in medical wastewater, and their ecotoxicity is worthy of attention because they are difficult to completely eliminate. In this paper, the effects of TC and MTZ on the growth, cell morphology, extracellular polymer and oxidative stress of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were studied, and the toxic interactions between TC and MTZ mixture components were analyzed. The results showed that the 96h-EC50 of TC and MTZ was 8.72 mg/L and 45.125 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of TC to C. pyrenoidosa was higher than that of MTZ, and the combined toxicity effect of TC and MTZ was synergistic after the combined action of a 1:1 toxicity ratio. In addition, the algal cells of C. pyrenoidosa died to varying degrees, the membrane permeability of algal cells was increased, the membrane was damaged, the surface of algal cells exposed to higher concentration of pollutants was wrinkled, and their morphology was changed. The extracellular polymer of C. pyrenoidosa was affected by a change in concentration. The effect of pollutants on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of C. pyrenoidosa also had an obvious dose-effect relationship. This study contributes to the assessment of the possible ecological risks to green algae due to the presence of TC and MTZ in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Ziqi Fan
- Sichuan SEP Analytical Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Panyang Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Zhenxing Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
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10
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Hibbard T, Nyambura B, Scholes P, Totolici M, Shankland K, Al-Obaidi H. Preparation and Physiochemical Analysis of Novel Ciprofloxacin / Dicarboxylic Acid Salts. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:195-203. [PMID: 35948159 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of four novel dicarboxylic acid salts of ciprofloxacin (CFX) with modified physicochemical properties, prepared by mechanochemical synthesis and solvent crystallization, are reported. A series of dicarboxylic acids of increasing molecular weight was chosen, predicted to interact via a carboxylic acid:secondary amine synthon. These were succinic (SA), glutaric (GA), adipic (AA) and pimelic (PA) acids (4, 5, 6, 7 carbon atoms respectively). Characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and aqueous solubility measurements, these salts showed distinct physicochemical properties relative to ciprofloxacin base. Searches of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) confirmed CFX-SA, CFX-GA, CFX-AA and CFX-PA to be novel crystal structures. Furthermore, the GA salt has substantially higher solubility than the widely available hydrochloride monohydrate salt (CFX-HCl·H2O). CFX-SA, CFX-GA and CFX-AA showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.008 g/L and CFX-PA showed MIC of 0.004 g/L. The prepared CFX salts retained antibacterial activity exhibiting equivalent antimicrobial activity to CFX-HCl·H2O. These salts have positive implications for increasing the application of CFX beyond conventional oral formulations and highlight mechanochemical activation as suitable production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hibbard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | | | - Peter Scholes
- Quotient Sciences, 5 Boulton Road, Reading, RG2 0NH, UK
| | | | | | - Hisham Al-Obaidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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Sanchez MF, Guzman ML, Flores-Martín J, Cruz Del Puerto M, Laino C, Soria EA, Donadio AC, Genti-Raimondi S, Olivera ME. Ionic complexation improves wound healing in deep second-degree burns and reduces in-vitro ciprofloxacin cytotoxicity in fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16035. [PMID: 36163445 PMCID: PMC9513095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new treatments capable of controlling infections and pain related to burns continues to be a challenge. Antimicrobials are necessary tools, but these can be cytotoxic for regenerating cells. In this study, antibiotic-anesthetic (AA) smart systems obtained by ionic complexation of polyelectrolytes with ciprofloxacin and lidocaine were obtained as films and hydrogels. Ionic complexation with sodium alginate and hyaluronate decreased cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin above 70% in a primary culture of isolated fibroblasts (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative levels of the proteins involved in cell migration, integrin β1 and p-FAK, increased above 1.5 times (p < 0.05) with no significant differences in cell mobility. Evaluation of the systems in a deep second-degree burn model revealed that reepithelization rate was AA-films = AA-hydrogels > control films > no treated > reference cream (silver sulfadiazine cream). In addition, appendage conservation and complete dermis organization were achieved in AA-films and AA-hydrogels. Encouragingly, both the films and the hydrogels showed a significantly superior performance compared to the reference treatment. This work highlights the great potential of this smart system as an attractive dressing for burns, which surpasses currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Guzman
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jesica Flores-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Cruz Del Puerto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Laino
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (CENIIT), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, 5300, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Elio Andrés Soria
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Donadio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Genti-Raimondi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Olivera
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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12
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Uhljar LÉ, Alshweiat A, Katona G, Chung M, Radacsi N, Kókai D, Burián K, Ambrus R. Comparison of Nozzle-Based and Nozzle-Free Electrospinning for Preparation of Fast-Dissolving Nanofibers Loaded with Ciprofloxacin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081559. [PMID: 36015184 PMCID: PMC9413034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to prepare ciprofloxacin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun nanofibers for oral drug delivery, using a conventional nozzle-based and a lab-built nozzle-free electrospinning equipment. To produce nanofibers, electrospinning is the process most often used. However, from the industry’s point of view, conventional electrospinning does not have sufficiently high productivity. By omitting the nozzle, productivity can be increased, and so the development of nozzle-free processes is worthwhile. In this study, a solution of ciprofloxacin and polyvinylpyrrolidone was electrospun under similar conditions, using both single-nozzle and nozzle-free methods. The two electrospinning methods were compared by investigating the morphological and physicochemical properties, homogeneity, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity. The stability of the nanofibers was monitored from different aspects in a 26 month stability study. The results showed that the use of the nozzle-free electrospinning was preferable due to a higher throughput, improved homogeneity, and the enhanced stability of nanofiber mats, compared to the nozzle-based method. Nevertheless, fast dissolving nanofibers loaded with poorly water-soluble ciprofloxacin were produced by both electrospinning methods. The beneficial properties of these nanofibers can be exploited in innovative drug development; e.g., nanofibers can be formulated into orodispersible films or per os tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Éva Uhljar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (G.K.)
| | - Areen Alshweiat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Gábor Katona
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (G.K.)
| | - Michael Chung
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; (M.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; (M.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Estradé O, Vozmediano V, Carral N, Isla A, González M, Poole R, Suarez E. Key Factors in Effective Patient-Tailored Dosing of Fluoroquinolones in Urological Infections: Interindividual Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Variability. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050641. [PMID: 35625285 PMCID: PMC9137891 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a critical group of antimicrobials prescribed in urological infections as they have a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity and a favorable tissue penetration at the site of infection. However, their clinical practice is not problem-free of treatment failure, risk of emergence of resistance, and rare but important adverse effects. Due to their critical role in clinical improvement, understanding the dose-response relation is necessary to optimize the effectiveness of FQs therapy, as it is essential to select the right antibiotic at the right dose for the right duration in urological infections. The aim of this study was to review the published literature about inter-individual variability in pharmacological processes that can be responsible for the clinical response after empiric dose for the most commonly prescribed urological FQs: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, particularly in elimination, may contribute to treatment failure. Clearance related to creatinine clearance should be specifically considered for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Likewise, today, undesired interregional variability in FQs antimicrobial activity against certain microorganisms exists. FQs pharmacology, patient-specific characteristics, and the identity of the local infecting organism are key factors in determining clinical outcomes in FQs use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Estradé
- Department of Urology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Valvanera Vozmediano
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32612, USA; (V.V.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Nerea Carral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursey, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arantxa Isla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Margarita González
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32612, USA; (V.V.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Rachel Poole
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32612, USA; (V.V.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Elena Suarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursey, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Shi C, Ignjatović J, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang L, Cvijić S, Cun D, Yang M. Evaluating the pharmacokinetics of intrapulmonary administered ciprofloxacin solution for respiratory infections using in vivo and in silico PBPK rat model studies. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Liu H, Liu Y, Li X, Zheng X, Feng X, Yu A. Adsorption and Fenton-like Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Using Corncob Biochar-Based Magnetic Iron–Copper Bimetallic Nanomaterial in Aqueous Solutions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040579. [PMID: 35214908 PMCID: PMC8880508 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An economical corncob biochar-based magnetic iron–copper bimetallic nanomaterial (marked as MBC) was successfully synthesized and optimized through a co-precipitation and pyrolysis method. It was successfully used to activate H2O2 to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solutions. This material had high catalytic activity and structural stability. Additionally, it had good magnetic properties, which can be easily separated from solutions. In MBC/H2O2, the removal efficiency of CIP was 93.6% within 360 min at optimal reaction conditions. The conversion of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 51.0% under the same situation. The desorption experiments concluded that adsorption and catalytic oxidation accounted for 34% and 66% on the removal efficiency of CIP, respectively. The influences of several reaction parameters were systematically evaluated on the catalytic activity of MBC. OH was proved to play a significant role in the removal of CIP through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and a free radical quenching experiment. Additionally, such outstanding removal efficiency can be attributed to the excellent electronic conductivity of MBC, as well as the redox cycle reaction between iron and copper ions, which achieved the continuous generation of hydroxyl radicals. Integrating HPLC-MS, ion chromatography and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, and possible degradation of the pathways of the removal of CIP were also thoroughly discussed. These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the removal of CIP in water.
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Nugraha YP, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H. Ciprofloxacin salt and salt co-crystal with dihydroxybenzoic acids. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:259-263. [PMID: 35371545 PMCID: PMC8900500 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a ciprofloxacin salt with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and a ciprofloxacin hydrochloride salt co-crystal with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid are reported. The crystal structure of two multi-component crystals of ciprofloxacin [systematic name: 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid], a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, namely, ciprofloxacin 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate salt, C17H19FN3O3+·C7H5O4−, (I), and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride–3,5-dihydroxybenzoic–water (1/1/1), C17H19FN3O3+·Cl−·C7H6O4·H2O, (II), were determined. In (I) and (II), the ciprofloxacin cations are connected via head-to-tail N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Both structures show an alternating layered arrangement between ciprofloxacin and dihydroxybenzoic acid.
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17
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Oesterreicher Z, Eberl S, Wulkersdorfer B, Matzneller P, Eder C, van Duijn E, Vaes WHJ, Reiter B, Stimpfl T, Jäger W, Nussbaumer-Proell A, Marhofer D, Marhofer P, Langer O, Zeitlinger M. Microdosing as a Potential Tool to Enhance Clinical Development of Novel Antibiotics: A Tissue and Plasma PK Feasibility Study with Ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:697-707. [PMID: 34997559 PMCID: PMC9095552 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective In microdose studies, drug pharmacokinetics is measured in humans after administration of subtherapeutic doses. While previous microdose studies focused primarily on plasma pharmacokinetics, we set out to evaluate the feasibility of microdosing for a pharmacokinetic assessment in subcutaneous tissue and epithelial lining fluid. Methods Healthy subjects received a single intravenous bolus injection of a microdose of [14C]ciprofloxacin (1.1 µg, 7 kBq) with (cohort A, n = 9) or without (cohort B, n = 9) a prior intravenous infusion of a therapeutic dose of unlabeled ciprofloxacin (400 mg). Microdialysis and bronchoalveolar lavage were applied for determination of subcutaneous and intrapulmonary drug concentrations. Microdose [14C]ciprofloxacin was quantified by accelerator mass spectrometry and therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The pharmacokinetics of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin (cohort A) in plasma, subcutaneous tissue, and epithelial lining fluid was in accordance with previous data. In plasma and subcutaneous tissue, the dose-adjusted area under the concentration–time curve of microdose ciprofloxacin was similar in cohorts A and B and within an 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold range of the area under the concentration–time curve of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin. Penetration of microdose ciprofloxacin into subcutaneous tissue was similar in cohorts A and B and comparable to that of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin with subcutaneous tissue-to-plasma area under the concentration–time curve ratios of 0.44, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively. Penetration of microdose ciprofloxacin into epithelial lining fluid was highly variable and failed to predict the epithelial lining fluid penetration of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our study confirms the feasibility of microdosing for pharmacokinetic measurements in plasma and subcutaneous tissue. Microdosing combined with microdialysis is a potentially useful tool in clinical antimicrobial drug development, but its applicability for the assessment of pulmonary pharmacokinetics with bronchoalveolar lavage requires further studies. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03177720 (registered 6 June, 2017). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40262-021-01091-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Oesterreicher
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Sabine Eberl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Wulkersdorfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Matzneller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Eder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Birgit Reiter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Nussbaumer-Proell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Marhofer
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Marhofer
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial assessment of selected ciprofloxacin salts. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:365-382. [PMID: 36654099 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of salts is considered a simple strategy to modify the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, seven novel binary and ternary organic salts of ciprofloxacin (CP) were prepared with benzoic acid (BA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), p-coumaric acid (PCMA) and p-aminosalicylic acid (PASA). They were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and differential scanning calorimetry. Solubility and partition coefficients values were also measured. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the organic salts against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis revealed that most of the new salts had higher antimicrobial activity than CPHCl against both strains. The most active compounds against S. epidermidis and S. aureus were CP-PASA and CPPCMA, resp., which were up to fourteen times more potent than parent CP-HCl. Our findings indicated a strong correlation between the lipophilicity of the formed salts and their antimicrobial activity and showed that an optimum value of lipophilicity (log P = 0.75) seemed to be necessary to maximize the antimicrobial activity. These findings highlighted the improved physical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of the new salts of CP that can aid in providing higher bioavailability than CP-HCl.
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Kamel R, El-Wakil NA, Abdelkhalek AA, Elkasabgy NA. Topical cellulose nanocrystals-stabilized nanoemulgel loaded with ciprofloxacin HCl with enhanced antibacterial activity and tissue regenerative properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Uhljar LÉ, Kan SY, Radacsi N, Koutsos V, Szabó-Révész P, Ambrus R. In Vitro Drug Release, Permeability, and Structural Test of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Nanofibers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040556. [PMID: 33921031 PMCID: PMC8071406 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibers of the poorly water-soluble antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) were fabricated in the form of an amorphous solid dispersion by using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a polymer matrix, by the low-cost electrospinning method. The solubility of the nanofibers as well as their in vitro diffusion were remarkably higher than those of the CIP powder or the physical mixture of the two components. The fiber size and morphology were optimized, and it was found that the addition of the CIP to the electrospinning solution decreased the nanofiber diameter, leading to an increased specific surface area. Structural characterization confirmed the interactions between the drug and the polymer and the amorphous state of CIP inside the nanofibers. Since the solubility of CIP is pH-dependent, the in vitro solubility and dissolution studies were executed at different pH levels. The nanofiber sample with the finest morphology demonstrated a significant increase in solubility both in water and pH 7.4 buffer. Single medium and two-stage biorelevant dissolution studies were performed, and the release mechanism was described by mathematical models. Besides, in vitro diffusion from pH 6.8 to pH 7.4 notably increased when compared with the pure drug and physical mixture. Ciprofloxacin-loaded poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibers can be considered as fast-dissolving formulations with improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Éva Uhljar
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Sheng Yuan Kan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; (S.Y.K.); (N.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; (S.Y.K.); (N.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; (S.Y.K.); (N.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.É.U.); (P.S.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Al-Soud YA, Al-Ahmad AH, Abu-Qatouseh L, Shtaiwi A, Alhelal KAS, Al-Suod HH, Alsawakhneh SO, Al-Qawasmeh RA. Nitroimidazoles Part 9. Synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluations of piperazine-tagged imidazole derivatives. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
New piperazine-tagged imidazole derivatives were synthesized via reaction of 1-alkyl/aryl-5-bromo-2-alkyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazoles 1–3 with piperazine nucleophiles. Nine selected compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative inhibition potency against five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3, Du145, HepG2 and Dermal/Fibroblast). Compounds 7 and 10 are the most potent anticancer agents on HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of (5.6 ± 0.5 µm) and (29.6 ± 7.6 µm) respectively, and on MCF-7 with IC50 values of (32.1 ± 5.6 µm) and (46.2 ± 8.2 µm) respectively. The molecular docking of compounds 7 and 10 has been studied, and the results reveal that the newly designed piperazine-tagged imidazole derivatives bind to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contact with high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen A. Al-Soud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Al al-Bayt University , Al-Mafraq 25113 , Jordan
| | - Ala’a H. Al-Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Al al-Bayt University , Al-Mafraq 25113 , Jordan
| | | | - Amneh Shtaiwi
- School of Pharmacy , Middle East University , Queen Alia Airport Street , Amman 11118 , Jordan
| | - Kafa’ A. S. Alhelal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Al al-Bayt University , Al-Mafraq 25113 , Jordan
| | - Hossam H. Al-Suod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Al al-Bayt University , Al-Mafraq 25113 , Jordan
| | - Sondos O. Alsawakhneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Al al-Bayt University , Al-Mafraq 25113 , Jordan
| | - Raed A. Al-Qawasmeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , UAE
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Jordan , Amman 11942 , Jordan
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Cano-Vega MA, Deng M, Pinal R. Modular solid dosage form design - Application to pH-independent release of a weak-base API. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120518. [PMID: 33775729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to solid dosage form design is investigated, whereby instead of blending the ingredients and subsequently compacting the mixture, the dosage form is made by assembling prefabricated components, each with a specific function. The approach was used to formulate a weak-base API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), such that the modular dosage forms exhibited pH-independent drug release. Tablet-like dosage forms of ciprofloxacin (CPR), used as model weak-base drug, were prepared in order to generate dosage forms exhibiting pH-independent drug release. The dosage forms were made by assembling two types of prefabricated modules onto 3D stacks. The modules were hydroxypropyl methylcellulose circular film wafers, loaded with either CPR or citric acid (CA). CA-wafers served the function of pH-modifier modules in the microenvironment of the dosage form during the dissolution process. In vitro drug release from dosage forms consisting of CA- and CPR-wafers stacked in alternate sequence was compared with the release from assemblies containing CPR-wafers only, under pH = 1.2 and pH = 6.8 conditions. In the absence of CA-wafers, CPR release was ~25-fold slower at pH = 6.8 compared to pH = 1.2. Inclusion of CA-wafers in the dosage form assembly accelerated and decelerated drug release at pH = 6.8 and pH = 1.2, respectively, which resulted in overlapping drug release profiles under the two pH conditions. The two drug release profiles met the criteria for sameness as assessed by the f1 (difference) and f2 (similarity) factors. Modeling of drug release kinetics pointed toward polymer erosion as the primary mechanism of drug release for the overlapping pH = 1.2 and pH = 6.8 profiles. In terms of their drug release properties, the multi-modular dosage form assemblies exhibited the attributes and behavior of single bodies, rather than the combined contributions from multiple individually-operating modules. The initial geometry of the dosage form, characterized by the surface area (SA), volume (V) and SA/V ratio accounted for drug release kinetics in the same fashion as for traditional tablet compacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Cano-Vega
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rodolfo Pinal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Qureshi D, Behera KP, Mohanty D, Mahapatra SK, Verma S, Sukyai P, Banerjee I, Pal SK, Mohanty B, Kim D, Pal K. Synthesis of novel poly (vinyl alcohol)/tamarind gum/bentonite-based composite films for drug delivery applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Birk SE, Mazzoni C, Mobasharah Javed M, Borre Hansen M, Krogh Johansen H, Anders Juul Haagensen J, Molin S, Hagner Nielsen L, Boisen A. Co-delivery of ciprofloxacin and colistin using microcontainers for bacterial biofilm treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120420. [PMID: 33647404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In many infected patients, bacterial biofilms represent a mode of growth that significantly enhances the tolerance to antimicrobials, leaving the patients with difficult-to-cure infections. Therefore, there is a growing need for effective treatment strategies to combat biofilm infections. In this work, reservoir-based microdevices, also known as microcontainers (MCs), are co-loaded with two antibiotics: ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and colistin sulfate (COL), targeting both metabolically active and dormant subpopulations of the biofilm. We assess the effect of the two drugs in a time-kill study of planktonic P. aeruginosa and find that co-loaded MCs are superior to monotherapy, resulting in complete killing of the entire population. Biofilm consortia of P. aeruginosa grown in flow chambers were not fully eradicated. However, antibiotics in MCs work significantly faster than simple perfusion of antibiotics (62.5 ± 8.3% versus 10.6 ± 10.1% after 5 h) in biofilm consortia, showing the potential of the MC-based treatment to minimize the use of antimicrobials in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Egebro Birk
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Chiara Mazzoni
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Madeeha Mobasharah Javed
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Borre Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section 9301 Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4A, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Janus Anders Juul Haagensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Molin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Wu ZL, Zhao J, Xu R. Recent Advances in Oral Nano-Antibiotics for Bacterial Infection Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9587-9610. [PMID: 33293809 PMCID: PMC7719120 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the main infectious diseases and cause of death worldwide. Antibiotics are used to treat various infections ranging from minor to life-threatening ones. The dominant route to administer antibiotics is through oral delivery and subsequent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption. However, the delivery efficiency is limited by many factors such as low drug solubility and/or permeability, gastrointestinal instability, and low antibacterial activity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel and efficient tool for targeting drug delivery, and a number of promising nanotherapeutic strategies have been widely explored to overcome these obstacles. In this review, we explore published studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress in the area of orally deliverable nano-antibiotic formulations. The first part of this article discusses the functions and underlying mechanisms by which nanomedicines increase the oral absorption of antibiotics. The second part focuses on the classification of oral nano-antibiotics and summarizes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of nanoformulations including lipid, polymer, nanosuspension, carbon nanotubes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in oral delivery of antibiotics. Lastly, the challenges and future perspective of oral nano-antibiotics for infection disease therapy are discussed. Overall, nanomedicines designed for oral drug delivery system have demonstrated the potential for the improvement and optimization of currently available antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Liang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Pollap A, Baran K, Kuszewska N, Kochana J. Electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin and paracetamol in environmental water using titanium sol based sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Vivero-Lopez M, Xu X, Muras A, Otero A, Concheiro A, Gaisford S, Basit AW, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Goyanes A. Anti-biofilm multi drug-loaded 3D printed hearing aids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111606. [PMID: 33321650 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over 5% of the world's population has disabling hearing loss, which affects approximately one third of individuals over 65 years. Hearing aids are commonly used in this population group, but prolonged use of these devices may cause ear infections. We describe for the first time, the use of 3D printing to fabricate hearing aids loaded with two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone acetonide. Digital light processing 3D printing was employed to manufacture hearing aids from two polymer resins, ENG hard and Flexible. The inclusion of the antibiotics did not affect the mechanical properties of the hearing aids. All multi-drug-loaded devices exhibited a hydrophilic surface, excellent blood compatibility and anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Hearing aids loaded with ciprofloxacin (6% w/w) and fluocinolone acetonide (0.5% w/w) sustained drug release for more than two weeks and inhibited biofilm formation on the surface of the devices and bacteria growth in the surrounding medium. In summary, this work highlights the potential of vat photopolymerization 3D printing as a versatile manufacturing approach to fabricate high-fidelity patient-specific medical devices with anti-bacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Andrea Muras
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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Upadhyay R, Kumar R, Jangra M, Rana R, Nayal OS, Nandanwar H, Maurya SK. Synthesis of Bioactive Complex Small Molecule-Ciprofloxacin Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:440-445. [PMID: 32691584 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates between pharmaceuticals and small molecules enable access to a vast chemical space required for the discovery of new lead molecules with modified therapeutic potential. However, the dearth of specific chemical reactions that are capable of functionalizing drugs and bioactive natural products presents a formidable challenge for preparing their conjugates. Here, we report a support-free CuI-nanoparticle-catalyzed strategy for conjugating electron-deficient and electron-rich terminal alkynes with a ciprofloxacin methyl ester. Our conjugation technique exploits the late-stage functionalization of bioactive natural products such as tocopherol, vasicinone, amino acids, and pharmaceuticals such as aspirin and paracetamol to provide conjugates in excellent yields under mild and green conditions. This protocol also enabled the synthesis of (hetero)arene-ciprofloxacin 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in good yields and high regioselectivities. These synthesized ciprofloxacin conjugates were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against a panel of relevant bacteria. A significant number of conjugates showed comparable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, some conjugates exhibited less toxicity than ciprofloxacin against two mammalian cell lines, suggesting the utility for the future investigation of these compounds for in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhyay
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Manoj Jangra
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Rohit Rana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Onkar S. Nayal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Sushil K. Maurya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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Dissolution testing of modified release products with biorelevant media: An OrBiTo ring study using the USP apparatus III and IV. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:40-49. [PMID: 32882421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the OrBiTo project, our knowledge on the gastrointestinal environment has improved substantially and biorelevant media composition have been refined. The aim of this study was to propose optimized biorelevant testing conditions for modified release products, to evaluate the reproducibility of the optimized compendial apparatus III (USP apparatus III) and compendial apparatus IV (USP apparatus IV, open-loop mode) dissolution methods and to evaluate the usefulness of these methods to forecast the direction of food effects, if any, based on the results of two «ring» studies and by using two model modified release (MR) products, Ciproxin / Cipro XR and COREG CR. Six OrBiTo partners participated in each of the ring studies. All laboratories were provided with standard protocols, pure drug substance, and dose units. For the USP apparatus III, the dissolution methods applied to Ciproxin / Cipro XR, a monolithic MR product of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with moderate aqueous solubility, were robust with low intra- and inter-laboratory data variability. Data from all partners were in line on a qualitative basis with food effect data in humans. For the USP apparatus IV, the dissolution methods applied to COREG CR, a multiparticulate, pH dependent, MR product of an API with low and pH dependent solubility led to high intra- and inter- laboratory data variability. Data from all partners were in line, on a qualitative basis, with the previously observed food effects in humans.
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Cid AG, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Palena MC, Gonzo EE, Jimenez-Kairuz AF, Bermúdez JM. Dual Release Model to Evaluate Dissolution Profiles from Swellable Drug Polyelectrolyte Matrices. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:511-522. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512093115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Mathematical modeling in modified drug release is an important tool that allows
predicting the release rate of drugs in their surrounding environment and elucidates the transport
mechanisms involved in the process.
Objective:
The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model that allows evaluating the release
profile of drugs from polymeric carriers in which the swelling phenomenon is present.
Methods:
Swellable matrices based on ionic complexes of alginic acid or carboxymethylcellulose with
ciprofloxacin were prepared and the effect of adding the polymer sodium salt on the swelling process
and the drug release was evaluated. Experimental data from the ciprofloxacin release profiles were
mathematically adjusted, considering the mechanisms involved in each stage of the release process.
Results:
A proposed model, named “Dual Release” model, was able to properly fit the experimental
data of matrices presenting the swelling phenomenon, characterized by an inflection point in their release
profile. This entails applying the extended model of Korsmeyer-Peppas to estimate the percentage
of drug released from the first experimental point up to the inflection point and then a model called
Lumped until the final time, allowing to adequately represent the complete range of the drug release
profile. Different parameters of pharmaceutical relevance were calculated using the proposed model to
compare the profiles of the studied matrices.
Conclusion:
The “Dual Release” model proposed in this article can be used to predict the behavior of
complex systems in which different mechanisms are involved in the release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Graciela Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Quimica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - María Celeste Palena
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Elio Emilio Gonzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Quimica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Federico Jimenez-Kairuz
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - José María Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Quimica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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A Comprehensive Study of a New 1.75 Hydrate of Ciprofloxacin Salicylate: SCXRD Structure Determination, Solid Characterization, Water Stability, Solubility, and Dissolution Study. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One problem that often arises during the formulation of a dosage form is the solubility and dissolution of the active ingredients. This problem arises in ciprofloxacin, which is a BCS class IV fluoroquinolone antibiotic. A pseudopolymorph is a kind of polymorph in which the number of hydrates is different. In this study, a new pseudopolymorph comprised of ciprofloxacin and salicylic acid was found, namely the salt ciprofloxacin salicylate 1.75 hydrate form. This new solid phase was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis and proven by Powder X-ray Diffractometry (PXRD) analysis. The crystal structure was successfully determined by Single Crystal X-ray Diffractometry (SCXRD) analysis. It was found that the piperazinyl group of ciprofloxacin is protonated by H+ from the carboxylic group of salicylic acid. In the unit cell, two ciprofloxacin and two salicylic acid molecules were independent with four water molecules, in which one water molecule had 0.5 occupancy due to inversion symmetry. Interestingly, this hydrate crystal dehydrated by grinding for 105 minutes forms an anhydrous crystalline phase, which was analyzed with FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and PXRD. The solubility and dissolution tests were carried out using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and a multiple linear regression method. This new hydrate solid phase has a better profile than the original ciprofloxacin crystal, according to the solubility and dissolution tests.
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Tolentino-Hernández SJ, Cruz-Antonio L, Pérez-Urizar J, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Castañeda-Hernández G. Oral Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Mexican Volunteers and Other Populations: Is There Interethnic Variability? Arch Med Res 2020; 51:268-277. [PMID: 32143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that the pharmacokinetics of certain drugs in Mexicans may differ with respect to other ethnic groups. On the other hand, there is controversy about the existence of interethnic variability in the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. AIM OF THE STUDY To study oral ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in Mexicans at various dose levels and make comparisons with other populations in order to gain insight on interethnic variability. METHODS Healthy Mexican volunteers received oral ciprofloxacin as 250 mg and 500 mg immediate-release tablets or a 1,000 mg extended-release formulation. Plasma concentration against time curves were constructed, and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those reported for other populations. RESULTS Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in Mexicans was linear and no significant differences between males and females were detected. When several populations were compared, it appeared that bioavailability in Mexicans was similar to that of Caucasians, being lower than that of Asians. These variations were attenuated when data were normalized by body weight. CONCLUSIONS Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics exhibit interethnic variability, Asians exhibiting an increased bioavailability with regard to Mexicans and Caucasians. Data suggest that these differences are due to body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suset J Tolentino-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leticia Cruz-Antonio
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Pérez-Urizar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Héctor A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, México
| | - Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
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Zupančič Š, Casula L, Rijavec T, Lapanje A, Luštrik M, Fadda AM, Kocbek P, Kristl J. Sustained release of antimicrobials from double-layer nanofiber mats for local treatment of periodontal disease, evaluated using a new micro flow-through apparatus. J Control Release 2019; 316:223-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lim DJ, Skinner D, Mclemore J, Rivers N, Elder JB, Allen M, Koch C, West J, Zhang S, Thompson HM, McCormick JP, Grayson JW, Cho DY, Woodworth BA. In-vitro evaluation of a ciprofloxacin and azithromycin sinus stent for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 10:121-127. [PMID: 31692289 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation and bacterial infection. Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin are commonly prescribed antibiotics for CRS, but the ability to provide targeted release in the sinuses could mitigate side effects and improve drug concentrations at the infected site. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the novel ciprofloxacin-azithromycin sinus stent (CASS) in vitro. METHODS The CASS was created by coating ciprofloxacin (hydrophilic, inner layer) and azithromycin (hydrophobic, outer layer) onto a biodegradable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) stent. In-vitro evaluation included: (1) assessment of drug-coating stability within the stent using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (2) determination of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin release kinetics; and (3) assessment of anti-biofilm activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS The ciprofloxacin nanoparticle suspension in the inner layer was confirmed by zeta potential. Both ciprofloxacin (60 µg) and azithromycin (3 mg) were uniformly coated on the surface of the PLLA stents. The CASS showed ciprofloxacin/azithromycin sustained release patterns, with 80.55 ± 11.61% of ciprofloxacin and 93.85 ± 6.9% of azithromycin released by 28 days. The CASS also significantly reduced P aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with bare stents and controls (relative optical density units at 590-nm optical density: CASS, 0.037 ± 0.006; bare stent, 0.911 ± 0.015; control, 1.000 ± 0.000; p < 0.001; n = 3). CONCLUSION The CASS maintains a uniform coating and sustained delivery of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, providing anti-biofilm activities against P aeruginosa. Further studies evaluating the efficacy of CASS in a preclinical model are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John Mclemore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nick Rivers
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeffrey Brent Elder
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Connor Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John West
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Harrison M Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Justin P McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jessica W Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Schlender JF, Teutonico D, Coboeken K, Schnizler K, Eissing T, Willmann S, Jaehde U, Stass H. A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Describe Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics Over the Entire Span of Life. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:1613-1634. [PMID: 29737457 PMCID: PMC6267540 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has received growing interest as a useful tool for the assessment of drug pharmacokinetics by continuous knowledge integration. Objective The objective of this study was to build a ciprofloxacin PBPK model for intravenous and oral dosing based on a comprehensive literature review, and evaluate the predictive performance towards pediatric and geriatric patients. Methods The aim of this report was to establish confidence in simulations of the ciprofloxacin PBPK model along the development process to facilitate reliable predictions outside of the tested adult age range towards the extremes of ages. Therefore, mean data of 69 published clinical trials were identified and integrated into the model building, simulation and verification process. The predictive performance on both ends of the age scale was assessed using individual data of 258 subjects observed in own clinical trials. Results Ciprofloxacin model verification demonstrated no concentration-related bias and accurate simulations for the adult age range, with only 4.8% of the mean observed data points for intravenous administration and 12.1% for oral administration being outside the simulated twofold range. Predictions towards the extremes of ages for the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) over the entire span of life revealed a reliable estimation, with only two pediatric AUC observations outside the 90% prediction interval. Conclusion Overall, this ciprofloxacin PBPK modeling approach demonstrated the predictive power of a thoroughly informed middle-out approach towards age groups of interest to potentially support the decision-making process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40262-018-0661-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Frederik Schlender
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Systems Pharmacology and Medicine, Bayer AG, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Donato Teutonico
- Systems Pharmacology and Medicine, Bayer AG, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacometrics, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Katrin Coboeken
- Systems Pharmacology and Medicine, Bayer AG, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schnizler
- Systems Pharmacology and Medicine, Bayer AG, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eissing
- Systems Pharmacology and Medicine, Bayer AG, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Jaehde
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heino Stass
- Clinical Pharmacology, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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36
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Cyclodextrin-functionalized cellulose filter paper for selective capture of diclofenac. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Patil R, Torris A, Bhat S, Patil S. Mapping Fusogenicity of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Liposomes with Bacterial Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:180. [PMID: 31044335 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of liposome fusion with cellular membrane plays key role in delivering encapsulated drug molecule into the cell. This process becomes very important for molecules having low permeability as they fail to reach the site of action located inside the cell. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum BCS class IV antibiotic, has poor permeability. In the present work, CIP-loaded liposomes were prepared using solvent evaporation method and optimized by 32 factorial design approach. The optimized batch of CIP-loaded liposomes was characterized for size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, FTIR, and microbial susceptibility study on Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Confocal microscopy was used to study the fusogenicity process of CIP-loaded liposomes with bacterial cells. Additionally, the kinetics of fusogenicity process was studied using SAXS for the first time. Surprisingly, the rate of fusion of CIP-loaded liposomes with cell wall of S. aureus was twice when compared to the cell wall of E. coli. It is believed that the current work can act as a roadmap in selection of proper excipients while developing formulations which would expedite the fusogenicity and may execute pharmacological activity of poorly penetrable drug molecules at lower dose.
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Senthilkumar M, Sheelarani B, Joshi RG, Dash S. Solubilization and interaction of ciprofloxacin with pluronics and their mixed micelles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic drug ciprofloxacin in the core of mixed micelles of Pluronic F108 and Pluronic L81.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Senthilkumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
| | - B. Sheelarani
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
| | - R. G. Joshi
- Condensed Matter Physics Division
- Materials Science Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603102
- India
| | - Sasmita Dash
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
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Placente D, Benedini LA, Baldini M, Laiuppa JA, Santillán GE, Messina PV. Multi-drug delivery system based on lipid membrane mimetic coated nano-hydroxyapatite formulations. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:559-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Sharif Makhmal Zadeh B, Esfahani G, Salimi A. Permeability of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Including Ginsenoside as P-glycoprotein Inhibitor through a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer as an Intestinal Absorption Model. Molecules 2018; 23:E1904. [PMID: 30065147 PMCID: PMC6222528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The low oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin is associated with two distinct challenges: its low aqueous solubility and efflux by p-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the intestinal membrane. Several studies were conducted in order to improve its solubility and permeability through the gastrointestinal membrane. In this study, in a full factorial design study, eight polymeric micelles were prepared and their characteristics, including particle size, loading and release rate were evaluated. Polymeric micelles demonstrated particle sizes below 190 nm and 27⁻88% loading efficiency. Drug release was affected by drug solubility, polymeric micelle erosion and swelling in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. An optimized polymeric micelle was prepared based on appropriate characteristics such as high drug loading and low particle size; and was used for a permeation study on Caco-2 cells. Optimized polymeric micelles with and without ginsenoside and ginsenoside alone enhanced drug permeability through Caco-2 cells significantly in the absorptive direction. The effect of ginsenoside was dose dependent and the maximum effect was seen in 0.23 mg/mL concentration. Results showed that P-gp may not be responsible for ciprofloxacin secretion into the gut. The main mechanism of ciprofloxacin transport through Caco-2 cells in both directions is active diffusion and P-gp has inhibitory effects on ciprofloxacin permeability in the absorptive direction that was blocked by ginsenoside and micelles without ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Golbarg Esfahani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
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Zupančič Š, Preem L, Kristl J, Putrinš M, Tenson T, Kocbek P, Kogermann K. Impact of PCL nanofiber mat structural properties on hydrophilic drug release and antibacterial activity on periodontal pathogens. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:347-358. [PMID: 30017845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning enables to design and manufacture novel drug delivery systems capable of advancing the local antibacterial therapy. In this study, two hydrophilic drugs - metronidazole and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride - were loaded both individually and in combination into hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix using electrospinning. We aimed to develop prolonged release drug delivery systems suitable for the treatment of periodontal diseases and understand how different rarely studied structural features, such as nanofiber mat thickness, surface area, wettability, together with intrinsic properties, like solid state and localization of incorporated drugs in nanofibers, affect the drug release. Furthermore, the safety of nanofiber mats was assessed in vitro on fibroblasts, and their antibacterial activity was tested on selected strains of periodontopathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the structural properties of nanofiber mat are crucial in particular drug-polymer combinations, affecting the drug release and consequently the antibacterial activity. The hydrophobicity of a PCL nanofiber mat and its thickness are the key characteristics in prolonged hydrophilic drug release, but only when wetting is the rate-limiting step for the drug release. Combination of drugs showed beneficial effects by inhibiting the growth of all tested pathogenic bacterial strains important in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Zupančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Liis Preem
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Petra Kocbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Ciprofloxacin-lidocaine-based hydrogel: development, characterization, and in vivo evaluation in a second-degree burn model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1000-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh B, Kumar A. Network formation of Moringa oleifera gum by radiation induced crosslinking: Evaluation of drug delivery, network parameters and biomedical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:477-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guzmán ML, Romañuk CB, Sanchez MF, Luciani Giacobbe LC, Alarcón-Ramirez LP, Battistini FD, Alovero FL, Jimenez-Kairuz AF, Manzo RH, Olivera ME. Urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin after administration of extended release tablets in healthy volunteers. Swellable drug-polyelectrolyte matrix versus bilayer tablets. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:123-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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An in silico approach to determine challenges in the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin, a poorly soluble weak base with borderline solubility and permeability characteristics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 122:186-196. [PMID: 29111469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is administered as the hydrochloride salt in immediate release formulations for the treatment of various infectious diseases in different patient populations. Due to its weakly basic properties and poor solubility, the in vivo behaviour of this compound could be influenced by both physicochemical and physiological factors. The first aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of ciprofloxacin (Ciprobay® 500 mg tablets) in the human gastro-intestinal tract with in vitro dissolution, transfer and two-stage experiments. Ciprobay® IR tablets dissolved completely in FaSSGF-V2, but dissolution was incomplete in FaSSIF-V2 and in an achlorhydric medium (FaSSGF-achlorhydric) and slow precipitation was observed in all three media. Ciprofloxacin did not precipitate in the transfer model but in the two-stage test, a simplified version of the transfer model, some precipitation was detected. In the second part of this study the data obtained in the in vitro transfer experiment were integrated into a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model. Based on the in vitro results, it was concluded that precipitation of ciprofloxacin would be unlikely in vivo. When precipitation was assumed to be negligible in the PBPK model, good predictions of plasma concentration time profiles provided by Bayer Pharma AG and obtained from the open literature were attained. Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (PSA) was conducted on several parameters which may influence the in vivo behaviour of ciprofloxacin. It was shown that precipitation in the gastro-intestinal tract in humans after a dose of 500 mg is not a determinant of the PK profile. PSA further suggested that ciprofloxacin behaves in vivo as a BCS Class I drug according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), even though on the basis of available solubility and permeability data the compound has been categorised as a BCS II/IV drug. These findings illustrate the importance of coupling in vitro results with in silico PBPK models to better understand the in vivo behaviour of weakly basic drugs. The PBPK model of ciprofloxacin, which was set up for healthy volunteers, was also modified to predict the in vivo behaviour of ciprofloxacin in several different patient populations. It was shown on the basis of these simulations that the plasma concentration time profile may be less influenced by disease state than previously expected.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In pharmacotherapy, drugs are mostly taken orally to be absorbed systemically from the small intestine, and some drugs are known to have preferential absorption sites in the small intestine. It would therefore be valuable to know the absorption sites of orally administered drugs and the influencing factors. Areas covered:In this review, the author summarizes the reported absorption sites of orally administered drugs, as well as, influencing factors and experimental techniques. Information on the main absorption sites and influencing factors can help to develop ideal drug delivery systems and more effective pharmacotherapies. Expert opinion: Various factors including: the solubility, lipophilicity, luminal concentration, pKa value, transporter substrate specificity, transporter expression, luminal fluid pH, gastrointestinal transit time, and intestinal metabolism determine the site-dependent intestinal absorption. However, most of the dissolved fraction of orally administered drugs including substrates for ABC and SLC transporters, except for some weakly basic drugs with higher pKa values, are considered to be absorbed sequentially from the proximal small intestine. Securing the solubility and stability of drugs prior to reaching to the main absorption sites and appropriate delivery rates of drugs at absorption sites are important goals for achieving effective pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Murakami
- a Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
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47
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Sharma D, Patel RP, Zaidi STR, Sarker MMR, Lean QY, Ming LC. Interplay of the Quality of Ciprofloxacin and Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 28871228 PMCID: PMC5566961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, a second generation broad spectrum fluoroquinolone, is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has a high oral bioavailability and a large volume of distribution. It is used for the treatment of a wide range of infections including urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. However, the availability and use of substandard and spurious quality of oral ciprofloxacin formulations in the developing countries has been thought to have contributed toward increased risk of treatment failure and bacterial resistance. Therefore, quality control and bioequivalence studies of the commercially available oral ciprofloxacin formulations should be monitored. Appropriate actions should be taken against offending manufacturers in order to prevent the sale of substandard and spurious quality of ciprofloxacin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Sharma
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, HobartTAS, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, HobartTAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Qi Ying Lean
- Vector borne Diseases Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARABertam, Malaysia
| | - Long C Ming
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, HobartTAS, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University CollegeNegeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Thambavita D, Galappatthy P, Mannapperuma U, Jayakody L, Cristofoletti R, Abrahamsson B, Groot DW, Langguth P, Mehta M, Parr A, Polli JE, Shah VP, Dressman J. Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Amoxicillin Trihydrate. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2930-2945. [PMID: 28483422 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Literature and experimental data relevant to waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate-release solid oral dosage forms containing amoxicillin trihydrate are reviewed. Solubility and permeability characteristics according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), therapeutic uses, therapeutic index, excipient interactions, as well as dissolution and BE and bioavailability studies were taken into consideration. Solubility and permeability studies indicate that amoxicillin doses up to 875 mg belong to BCS class I, whereas 1000 mg belongs to BCS class II and doses of more than 1000 mg belong to BCS class IV. Considering all aspects, the biowaiver procedure can be recommended for solid oral products of amoxicillin trihydrate immediate-release preparations containing amoxicillin as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient at dose strengths of 875 mg or less, provided (a) only the excipients listed in this monograph are used, and only in their usual amounts, (b) the biowaiver study is performed according to the World Health Organization-, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-, or European Medicines Agency-recommended method using the innovator as the comparator, and (c) results comply with criteria for "very rapidly dissolving" or "similarly rapidly dissolving." Products containing other excipients and those containing more than 875 mg amoxicillin per unit should be subjected to an in vivo BE study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanusha Thambavita
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Priyadarshani Galappatthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Uthpali Mannapperuma
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Lal Jayakody
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Division of Bioequivalence, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Dirk W Groot
- RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Langguth
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mehul Mehta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Alan Parr
- BioCeutics LLC, Cary, North Carolina 28594
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Vinod P Shah
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Kothari BH, Fahmy R, Claycamp HG, Moore CMV, Chatterjee S, Hoag SW. A Systematic Approach of Employing Quality by Design Principles: Risk Assessment and Design of Experiments to Demonstrate Process Understanding and Identify the Critical Process Parameters for Coating of the Ethylcellulose Pseudolatex Dispersion Using Non-Conventional Fluid Bed Process. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1135-1157. [PMID: 27417225 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to utilize risk assessment techniques and statistical design of experiments (DoE) to gain process understanding and to identify critical process parameters for the manufacture of controlled release multiparticulate beads using a novel disk-jet fluid bed technology. The material attributes and process parameters were systematically assessed using the Ishikawa fish bone diagram and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) risk assessment methods. The high risk attributes identified by the FMEA analysis were further explored using resolution V fractional factorial design. To gain an understanding of the processing parameters, a resolution V fractional factorial study was conducted. Using knowledge gained from the resolution V study, a resolution IV fractional factorial study was conducted; the purpose of this IV study was to identify the critical process parameters (CPP) that impact the critical quality attributes and understand the influence of these parameters on film formation. For both studies, the microclimate, atomization pressure, inlet air volume, product temperature (during spraying and curing), curing time, and percent solids in the coating solutions were studied. The responses evaluated were percent agglomeration, percent fines, percent yield, bead aspect ratio, median particle size diameter (d50), assay, and drug release rate. Pyrobuttons® were used to record real-time temperature and humidity changes in the fluid bed. The risk assessment methods and process analytical tools helped to understand the novel disk-jet technology and to systematically develop models of the coating process parameters like process efficiency and the extent of curing during the coating process.
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Reddy NHS, Patnala S, Kanfer I. Investigation of Biowaivers for Immediate Release Formulations Containing BCS III Drugs, Acyclovir, Atenolol, and Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, Using Dissolution Testing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:424-431. [PMID: 27038483 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissolution of several products containing Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class III drugs, acyclovir, atenolol, and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, listed in the WHO essential drug list (EDL), was tested and compared with their respective comparator pharmaceutical products (CPPs) marketed in South Africa and India. US Pharmacopeia (USP) buffers of pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 were used as dissolution media and tested using USP apparatus 2 at 75 rpm and 900 ml. Nine acyclovir products were tested, and only three dissolved very rapidly in all media; i.e., they showed a release of >85% in 15 min. Eight atenolol products tested were all very rapidly dissolving in all three pH media. Ten ciprofloxacin hydrochloride products were tested, and the results showed that only five products met the WHO biowaiver criteria. This study indicates that not all marketed products containing the same BCS III active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in similar strength and dosage form are necessarily in vitro equivalent as per the WHO biowaiver criteria. Furthermore, selection and availability of an innovator product as CPP are important considerations that can affect the outcomes of such studies.
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