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Boucetta H, Zhang L, Sosnik A, He W. Pulmonary arterial hypertension nanotherapeutics: New pharmacological targets and drug delivery strategies. J Control Release 2024; 365:236-258. [PMID: 37972767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, serious, and incurable disease characterized by high lung pressure. PAH-approved drugs based on conventional pathways are still not exhibiting favorable therapeutic outcomes. Drawbacks like short half-lives, toxicity, and teratogenicity hamper effectiveness, clinical conventionality, and long-term safety. Hence, approaches like repurposing drugs targeting various and new pharmacological cascades and/or loaded in non-toxic/efficient nanocarrier systems are being investigated lately. This review summarizes the status of conventional, repurposed, either in vitro, in vivo, and/or in clinical trials of PAH treatment. In-depth description, discussion, and classification of the new pharmacological targets and nanomedicine strategies with a description of all the nanocarriers that showed promising efficiency in delivering drugs are discussed. Ultimately, an illustration of the different nucleic acids tailored and nanoencapsulated within different types of nanocarriers to restore the pathways affected by this disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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2
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Sarkar T, Isbatan A, Moinuddin SM, Chen J, Ahsan F. Catheterization of Pulmonary and Carotid Arteries for Concurrent Measurement of Mean Pulmonary and Systemic Arterial Pressure in Rat Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4737. [PMID: 37645695 PMCID: PMC10461069 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a group of pulmonary vascular disorders in which mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) becomes abnormally high because of various pathological conditions, including remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, lung and heart disorders, or congenital conditions. Various animal models, including mouse and rat models, have been used to recapitulate elevated mPAP observed in PH patients. However, the measurement and recording of mPAP and mean systemic arterial pressure (mSAP) in small animals require microsurgical procedures and a sophisticated data acquisition system. In this paper, we describe the surgical procedures for right heart catheterizations (RHC) to measure mPAP in rats. We also explain the catheterization of the carotid artery for simultaneous measurement of mPAP and mSAP using the PowerLab Data Acquisition system. We enumerate the surgical steps involved in exposing the jugular vein and the carotid artery for catheterizing these two blood vessels. We list the tools used for microsurgery in rats, describe the methods for preparing catheters, and illustrate the process for inserting the catheters in the pulmonary and carotid arteries. Finally, we delineate the steps involved in the calibration and setup of the PowerLab system for recording both mPAP and mSAP. This is the first protocol wherein we meticulously explain the surgical procedures for RHC in rats and the recording of mPAP and mSAP. We believe this protocol will be essential for PH research. Investigators with little training in animal handling can reproduce this microsurgical procedure for RHC in rats and measure mPAP and mSAP in rat models of PH. Further, this protocol is likely to help master RHC in rats that are performed for other conditions, such as heart failure, congenital heart disease, heart valve disorders, and heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Ayman Isbatan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sakib M. Moinuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, USA
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3
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Rothman A, Restrepo H, Evans WN, Sarukhanov V, Mann D. CAR Selectively Enhances the Pulmonary Vasodilatory Effect of Fasudil in a Microsphere Model of Pulmonary Hypertension. Open Respir Med J 2023; 17:e187430642303160. [PMID: 37916136 PMCID: PMC10351346 DOI: 10.2174/18743064-v17-e230404-2022-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the approval of several medications for pulmonary hypertension, morbidity and mortality are unacceptably high. Systemic hypotension may limit the use of pulmonary hypertension medications. Objectives This study aimed to assess whether the homing peptide CAR (CARSKNKDC) improves the vasodilatory selectivity of fasudil in the pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation in a porcine pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods Pulmonary hypertension (to approximately 2/3-3/4 systemic pressure levels) was induced by chronic and acute administration of microspheres in 3 micro Yucatan pigs (mean weight 19.9 kg, mean age 4.3 months). Fasudil (0.3 mg/kg) was administered without and with CAR (1.5 mg/kg), and the effect on aortic (Ao) and right ventricular (RV) pressure was recorded with indwelling catheters. Results Immediately after fasudil administration, there was a decrease in Ao pressure followed by prompt recovery to baseline. The RV pressure decrease was progressive and sustained. Fasudil alone resulted in a 12% decrease in RV pressure, whereas co-administration of CAR with fasudil resulted in a 22% decrease in RV pressure (p < 0.0001). Fasudil alone caused an average decrease of 34% in the RV/Ao pressure ratio, and fasudil + CAR caused an average decrease of 40% in the RV/Ao pressure ratio (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The homing peptide CAR selectively enhanced the acute vasodilatory effects of fasudil on the pulmonary vascular bed in a porcine experimental model of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Rothman
- Children’s Heart Center, Nevada3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Medicine, 2040 W Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
| | - Humberto Restrepo
- Children’s Heart Center, Nevada3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Medicine, 2040 W Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
| | - William N. Evans
- Children’s Heart Center, Nevada3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Medicine, 2040 W Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
| | - Valeri Sarukhanov
- Children’s Heart Center, Nevada3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
| | - David Mann
- Vascular BioSciences, 72 Santa Felicia Dr, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
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4
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Mirhadi E, Kesharwani P, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Nanomedicine-mediated therapeutic approaches for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103599. [PMID: 37116826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has emerged as a field in which there are opportunities to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of incurable diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is known as a severe and fatal disease affecting children and adults. Conventional treatments have not produced optimal effectiveness in treating this condition. Several reasons for this include drug instability, poor solubility of the drug and a shortened duration of pharmacological action. The present review focuses on new approaches for delivering anti-PAH drugs using nanotechnology with the aim of overcoming these shortcomings and increasing their efficacy. Solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, metal-organic frameworks and polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated advantages for the potential treatment of PAH, including increased drug bioavailability, drug solubility and accumulation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mirhadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Que Y, Yang Y, Zafar H, Wang D. Tetracycline-grafted mPEG-PLGA micelles for bone-targeting and osteoporotic improvement. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:993095. [PMID: 36188546 PMCID: PMC9515468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.993095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to create a nano drug delivery system with tetracycline (TC)-grafted methoxy poly-(ethylene-glycol)‒poly-(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG‒PLGA) micelles (TC‒mPEG‒PLGA) with TC and mPEG‒PLGA for potential bone targeting. Prospectively, TC‒mPEG‒PLGA aims to deliver bioactive compounds, such as astragaloside IV (AS), for osteoporotic therapy. Methods: Preparation and evaluation of TC‒mPEG‒PLGA were accomplished via nano-properties, cytotoxicity, uptake by MC3T3-E1 cells, ability of hydroxyapatite targeting and potential bone targeting in vivo, as well as pharmacodynamics in a rat model. Results: The measured particle size of AS-loaded TC‒mPEG‒PLGA micelles was an average of 52.16 ± 2.44 nm, which exhibited a sustained release effect compared to that by free AS. The TC‒mPEG‒PLGA demonstrated low cytotoxicity and was easily taken by MC3T3-E1 cells. Through assaying of bone targeting in vitro and in vivo, we observed that TC‒mPEG‒PLGA could effectively increase AS accumulation in bone. A pharmacodynamics study in mice suggested potentially increased bone mineral density by AS-loaded TC‒mPEG‒PLGA in ovariectomized rats compared to that by free AS. Conclusion: The nano drug delivery system (TC‒mPEG‒PLGA) could target bone in vitro and in vivo, wherein it may be used as a novel delivery method for the enhancement of therapeutic effects of drugs with osteoporotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduan Que
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Gaochun Economic Development Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hajra Zafar, ; Dongming Wang,
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Gaochun Economic Development Zone, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hajra Zafar, ; Dongming Wang,
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Liang Y, Sun L, Rong F, Han X, Ma X, Deng X, Cheng M, Shan J, Li W, Fu T. Inhalation of tetrandrine liposomes for the treatment of bleomycin induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Dhoble S, Patravale V, Weaver E, Lamprou DA, Patravale T. Comprehensive Review on Novel Targets and Emerging Therapeutic Modalities for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121792. [PMID: 35513217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is the progressive increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (≥ 20 mmHg at rest). Current treatment strategies include the drugs targeting at nitric oxide pathway, endothelin receptors, prostaglandin receptors, thromboxane receptors and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which provides the symptomatic relief. Despite of these treatments, the mortality amongst the PAH patients remains high due to non-reversal of the condition. This review primarily covers the introduction of PAH and the current treatments of the disease. This is followed by the newer disease targets expressed in the pathobiology of the disease like Rho Kinase Pathway, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Pathway, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Serotonin signalling pathway, Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel pathway. Newer formulation strategies for targeting at these specific receptors were covered and includes nano formulations like liposomes, Micelles, Polymeric Nanoparticles, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), Bioresorbable stents, NONOates, Cell-Based Therapies, miRNA therapy for PAH. Novel targets were identified for their role in the pathogenesis of the PAH and needs to be targeted with new molecules or existing molecules effectively. Nanosystems have shown their potential as alternative carriers on the virtue of their better performance than traditional drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dhoble
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400 019, India.
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Tanmay Patravale
- Department of General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, India
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8
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Ibarra-Sánchez LÁ, Gámez-Méndez A, Martínez-Ruiz M, Nájera-Martínez EF, Morales-Flores BA, Melchor-Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Nanostructures for drug delivery in respiratory diseases therapeutics: Revision of current trends and its comparative analysis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 70:103219. [PMID: 35280919 PMCID: PMC8896872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability in developing and developed countries. The burden of acute and chronic respiratory diseases has been rising throughout the world and represents a major problem in the public health system. Acute respiratory diseases include pneumonia, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS viral infections; while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and, occupational lung diseases (asbestosis, pneumoconiosis) and other parenchymal lung diseases namely lung cancer and tuberculosis are examples of chronic respiratory diseases. Importantly, chronic respiratory diseases are not curable and treatments for acute pathologies are particularly challenging. For that reason, the integration of nanotechnology to existing drugs or for the development of new treatments potentially benefits the therapeutic goals by making drugs more effective and exhibit fewer undesirable side effects to treat these conditions. Moreover, the integration of different nanostructures enables improvement of drug bioavailability, transport and delivery compared to stand-alone drugs in traditional respiratory therapy. Notably, there has been great progress in translating nanotechnology-based cancer therapies and diagnostics into the clinic; however, researchers in recent years have focused on the application of nanostructures in other relevant pulmonary diseases as revealed in our database search. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles and micelles are the most studied nanostructures in a wide range of diseases; however, liposomal nanostructures are recognized to be some of the most successful commercial drug delivery systems. In conclusion, this review presents an overview of the recent and relevant research in drug delivery systems for the treatment of different pulmonary diseases and outlines the trends, limitations, importance and application of nanomedicine technology in treatment and diagnosis and future work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Ibarra-Sánchez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Ana Gámez-Méndez
- Universidad de Monterrey, Department of Basic Sciences, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte., 66238, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Erik Francisco Nájera-Martínez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Brando Alan Morales-Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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9
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Khursheed R, Paudel KR, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Jha NK, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Dua K, Singh SK. Expanding the arsenal against pulmonary diseases using surface-functionalized polymeric micelles: breakthroughs and bottlenecks. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:881-911. [PMID: 35332783 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, asthma and tuberculosis have remained one of the common challenges globally. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have emerged as an effective technique for achieving targeted drug delivery for a local as well as a systemic effect. These PMs encapsulate and protect hydrophobic drugs, increase pulmonary targeting, decrease side effects and enhance drug efficacy through the inhalation route. In the current review, emphasis has been placed on the different barriers encountered by the drugs given via the pulmonary route and the mechanism of PMs in achieving drug targeting. The applications of PMs in different pulmonary diseases have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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10
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Muralidharan P, Hayes D, Fineman JR, Black SM, Mansour HM. Advanced Microparticulate/Nanoparticulate Respirable Dry Powders of a Selective RhoA/Rho Kinase (Rock) Inhibitor for Targeted Pulmonary Inhalation Aerosol Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2188. [PMID: 34959469 PMCID: PMC8707591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that eventually leads to heart failure and potentially death for some patients. There are many unique advantages to treating pulmonary diseases directly and non-invasively by inhalation aerosols and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) possess additional unique advantages. There continues to be significant unmet medical needs in the effective treatment of PH that target the underlying mechanisms. To date, there is no FDA-approved DPI indicated for the treatment of PH. Fasudil is a novel RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that has shown great potential in effectively treating pulmonary hypertension. This systematic study is the first to report on the design and development of DPI formulations comprised of respirable nanoparticles/microparticles using particle engineering design by advanced spray drying. In addition, comprehensive physicochemical characterization, in vitro aerosol aerosol dispersion performance with different types of human DPI devices, in vitro cell-drug dose response cell viability of different human respiratory cells from distinct lung regions, and in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as air-interface culture (AIC) demonstrated that these innovative DPI fasudil formulations are safe on human lung cells and have high aerosol dispersion performance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Muralidharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Don Hayes
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Programs, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- UCSF School of Medicine & Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA;
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA;
- The BIO5 Research Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Institute of the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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11
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Vähätupa M, Salonen N, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Järvinen TAH. Selective Targeting and Tissue Penetration to the Retina by a Systemically Administered Vascular Homing Peptide in Oxygen Induced Retinopathy (OIR). Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111932. [PMID: 34834347 PMCID: PMC8618640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is the hallmark of ischemic retinal diseases among them retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and a widely used model for ischemic retinopathies. We explored whether the vascular homing peptide CAR (CARSKNKDC) which recognizes angiogenic blood vessels can be used to target the retina in OIR. We were able to demonstrate that the systemically administered CAR vascular homing peptide homed selectively to the preretinal neovessels in OIR. As a cell and tissue-penetrating peptide, CAR also penetrated into the retina. Hyperoxia used to induce OIR in the retina also causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the lungs. We showed that the CAR peptide is not targeted to the lungs in normal mice but is targeted to the lungs after hyperoxia-/hypoxia-treatment of the animals. The site-specific delivery of the CAR peptide to the pathologic retinal vasculature and the penetration of the retinal tissue may offer new opportunities for treating retinopathies more selectively and with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
| | - Niklas Salonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
- Eye Centre & Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
- Eye Centre & Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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12
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Baghy K, Reszegi A, Tátrai P, Kovalszky I. Decorin in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:17-38. [PMID: 32845500 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a determining role in cancer development through a plethora of interactions between the extracellular matrix and tumor cells. Decorin is a prototype member of the SLRP family found in a variety of tissues and is expressed in the stroma of various forms of cancer. Decorin has gained recognition for its essential roles in inflammation, fibrotic disorders, and cancer, and due to its antitumor properties, it has been proposed to act as a "guardian from the matrix." Initially identified as a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β, soluble decorin is emerging as a pan-RTK inhibitor targeting a multitude of RTKs, including EGFR, Met, IGF-IR, VEGFR2, and PDGFR. Besides initiating signaling, decorin/RTK interaction can induce caveosomal internalization and receptor degradation. Decorin also triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and evokes antimetastatic and antiangiogenic processes. In addition, as a novel regulatory mechanism, decorin was shown to induce conserved catabolic processes, such as endothelial cell autophagy and tumor cell mitophagy. Therefore, decorin is a promising candidate for combatting cancer, especially the cancer types heavily dependent on RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mietzner R, Kade C, Froemel F, Pauly D, Stamer WD, Ohlmann A, Wegener J, Fuchshofer R, Breunig M. Fasudil Loaded PLGA Microspheres as Potential Intravitreal Depot Formulation for Glaucoma Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080706. [PMID: 32727014 PMCID: PMC7464914 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors allow for causative glaucoma therapy. Unfortunately, topically applied ROCK inhibitors suffer from high incidence of hyperemia and low intraocular bioavailability. Therefore, we propose the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres as a depot formulation for intravitreal injection to supply outflow tissues with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil over a prolonged time. Fasudil-loaded microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The chemical integrity of released fasudil was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The biological activity was measured in cell-based assays using trabecular meshwork cells (TM cells), Schlemm’s canal cells (SC cells), fibroblasts and adult retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). Cellular response to fasudil after its diffusion through vitreous humor was investigated by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Microspheres ranged in size from 3 to 67 µm. The release of fasudil from microspheres was controllable and sustained for up to 45 days. Released fasudil reduced actin stress fibers in TM cells, SC cells and fibroblasts. Decreased collagen gel contraction provoked by fasudil was detected in TM cells (~2.4-fold), SC cells (~1.4-fold) and fibroblasts (~1.3-fold). In addition, fasudil readily diffused through vitreous humor reaching its target compartment and eliciting effects on TM cells. No negative effects on ARPE-19 cells were observed. Since fasudil readily diffuses through the vitreous humor, we suggest that an intravitreal drug depot of ROCK inhibitors could significantly improve current glaucoma therapy particularly for patients with comorbid retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Mietzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Kade
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Franziska Froemel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (F.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (J.W.)
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Fuchshofer
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (F.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-941-943-4828
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14
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Keshavarz A, Kadry H, Alobaida A, Ahsan F. Newer approaches and novel drugs for inhalational therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:439-461. [PMID: 32070157 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1729119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by remodeling of small pulmonary arteries leading to increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Existing treatments acts to normalize vascular tone via three signaling pathways: the prostacyclin, the endothelin-1, and the nitric oxide. Although over the past 20 years, there has been considerable progress in terms of treatments for PAH, the disease still remains incurable with a disappointing prognosis.Areas covered: This review summarizes the pathophysiology of PAH, the advantages and disadvantages of the inhalation route, and assess the relative advantages various inhaled therapies for PAH. The recent studies concerning the development of controlled-release drug delivery systems loaded with available anti-PAH drugs have also been summarized.Expert opinion: The main obstacles of current pharmacotherapies of PAH are their short half-life, stability, and formulations, resulting in reducing the efficacy and increasing systemic side effects and unknown pathogenesis of PAH. The pulmonary route has been proposed for delivering anti-PAH drugs to overcome the shortcomings. However, the application of approved inhaled anti-PAH drugs is limited. Inhalational delivery of controlled-release nanoformulations can overcome these restrictions. Extensive studies are required to develop safe and effective drug delivery systems for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hossam Kadry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Järvinen TA, Pemmari T. Systemically Administered, Target-Specific, Multi-Functional Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins in Regenerative Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E226. [PMID: 32013041 PMCID: PMC7075297 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, chemokines and cytokines guide tissue regeneration after injuries. However, their applications as recombinant proteins are almost non-existent due to the difficulty of maintaining their bioactivity in the protease-rich milieu of injured tissues in humans. Safety concerns have ruled out their systemic administration. The vascular system provides a natural platform for circumvent the limitations of the local delivery of protein-based therapeutics. Tissue selectivity in drug accumulation can be obtained as organ-specific molecular signatures exist in the blood vessels in each tissue, essentially forming a postal code system ("vascular zip codes") within the vasculature. These target-specific "vascular zip codes" can be exploited in regenerative medicine as the angiogenic blood vessels in the regenerating tissues have a unique molecular signature. The identification of vascular homing peptides capable of finding these unique "vascular zip codes" after their systemic administration provides an appealing opportunity for the target-specific delivery of therapeutics to tissue injuries. Therapeutic proteins can be "packaged" together with homing peptides by expressing them as multi-functional recombinant proteins. These multi-functional recombinant proteins provide an example how molecular engineering gives to a compound an ability to home to regenerating tissue and enhance its therapeutic potential. Regenerative medicine has been dominated by the locally applied therapeutic approaches despite these therapies are not moving to clinical medicine with success. There might be a time to change the paradigm towards systemically administered, target organ-specific therapeutic molecules in future drug discovery and development for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A.H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland & Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Keshavarz A, Alobaida A, McMurtry IF, Nozik-Grayck E, Stenmark KR, Ahsan F. CAR, a Homing Peptide, Prolongs Pulmonary Preferential Vasodilation by Increasing Pulmonary Retention and Reducing Systemic Absorption of Liposomal Fasudil. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3414-3429. [PMID: 31194563 PMCID: PMC7035787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we sought to elucidate the role of CAR (a cyclic peptide) in the accumulation and distribution of fasudil, a drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), in rat lungs and in producing pulmonary specific vasodilation in PAH rats. As such, we prepared liposomes of fasudil and CAR-conjugated liposomal fasudil and assessed the liposomes for CAR conjugation, physical properties, entrapment efficiencies, in vitro release profiles, and stabilities upon incubation in cell culture media, storage, and aerosolization. We also studied the cellular uptake of fasudil in different formulations, quantified heparan sulfate (HS) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and investigated the distribution of the liposomes in the lungs of PAH rats. We assessed the drug accumulation in a close and recirculating isolated perfused rat lung model and studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological efficacy of the drug and formulations in Sugen/hypoxia-induced PAH rats. The entrapment efficiency of the liposomal fasudil was 95.5 ± 4.5%, and the cumulative release was 93.95 ± 6.22%. The uptake of CAR liposomes by pulmonary arterial cells and their distribution and accumulation in the lungs were much greater than those of no-CAR-liposomes. CAR-induced increase in the cellular uptake was associated with an increase in HS expression by rat PAH-PASMCs. CAR, when conjugated with liposomal fasudil and given via an intratracheal instillation, extended the elimination half-life of the drug by four-fold compared with fasudil-in-no-CAR-liposomes given via the same route. CAR-conjugated liposomal fasudil, as opposed to fasudil-in-no-CAR-liposomes and CAR pretreatment followed by fasudil-in-no-CAR-liposomes, reduced the mean pulmonary arterial pressure by 40-50% for 6 h, without affecting the mean systemic arterial pressure. On the whole, this study suggests that CAR aids in concentrating the drug in the lungs, increasing the cellular uptake, extending the half-life of fasudil, and eliciting a pulmonary-specific vasodilation when the peptide remains conjugated on the liposomal surface, but not when CAR is given as a pretreatment or alone as an admixture with the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Ivan F. McMurtry
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79430, United States
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17
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Järvinen TAH, Ruoslahti E. Generation of a multi-functional, target organ-specific, anti-fibrotic molecule by molecular engineering of the extracellular matrix protein, decorin. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:16-25. [PMID: 29847688 PMCID: PMC6284330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules play important roles in regulating processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Decorin is a proteoglycan that binds to ('decorates') collagen fibrils in the ECM. Decorin also interacts with many growth factors and their receptors, the most notable of these interactions being its inhibitory activity on TGF-β, the growth factor responsible for fibrosis formation. We have generated a recombinant, multi-functional, fusion-protein consisting of decorin as a therapeutic domain and a vascular homing and cell-penetrating peptide as a targeting vehicle. This recombinant decorin (CAR-DCN) accumulates at the sites of the targeted disease at higher levels and, as a result, has substantially enhanced biological activity over native decorin. CAR-DCN is an example of how molecular engineering can give a compound the ability to seek out sites of disease and enhance its therapeutic potential. CAR-DCN will hopefully be used to treat severe human diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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18
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Hanson SFL, Terry MH, Moretta DT, Power GG, Wilson SM, Alam F, Ahsan F, Blood AB, Giri PC. Inhaled Fasudil Lacks Pulmonary Selectivity in Thromboxane-Induced Acute Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborn Lambs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:472-480. [PMID: 29756460 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418772814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potentially deadly disease for infants and adults with few existing medical interventions and no cure. In PH, increased blood pressure in the pulmonary artery eventually leads to heart failure. Fasudil, an antagonist of Rho-kinase, causes vasodilation leading to decreased systemic artery pressure and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). This study compared the effects of fasudil administered as either an intravenous infusion or inhaled aerosol in newborn lambs. HYPOTHESIS Inhaled aerosol delivery of fasudil will provide selective pulmonary vasodilation when compared with intravenous administration. METHODS Newborn lambs (∼11 days) were surgically instrumented and mechanically ventilated under anesthesia. A pulmonary artery catheter and ultrasonic flow probe were inserted to measure hemodynamics. Acute PH was pharmaceutically induced via continuous intravenous infusion of thromboxane. After achieving a 2- to 3-fold elevation of PAP, fasudil was administered either as intravenous infusion (2.5 mg/kg) or inhaled aerosol (100 mg of fasudil in 2 mL of saline). Changes in PAP, mean systemic arterial pressure (MABP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output, and heart rate were assessed. In addition, plasma concentrations of fasudil were measured. RESULTS Both routes of fasudil delivery produced significant decreases in PAP and PVR but also produced similar decreases in MABP and SVR. The Cmax for intravenous fasudil was greater than that for inhaled fasudil. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest inhaled fasudil lacks pulmonary selectivity when compared with intravenous fasudil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn F L Hanson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Terry
- 2 Department of Respiratory Care, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dafne T Moretta
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gordon G Power
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- 4 Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- 4 Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Farzana Alam
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- 4 Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paresh C Giri
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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19
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Rashid J, Nahar K, Raut S, Keshavarz A, Ahsan F. Fasudil and DETA NONOate, Loaded in a Peptide-Modified Liposomal Carrier, Slow PAH Progression upon Pulmonary Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29528655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of a combination therapy comprising fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and DETA NONOate (diethylenetriamine NONOate, DN), a long-acting nitric oxide donor, both loaded in liposomes modified with a homing peptide, CAR (CARSKNKDC), in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We first prepared and characterized unmodified and CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil and DN. Using individual drugs alone or a mixture of fasudil and DN as controls, we studied the efficacy of the two liposomal preparations in reducing mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in monocrotaline (MCT) and SUGEN-hypoxia-induced PAH rats. We also conducted morphometric studies (degree of muscularization, arterial medial wall thickness, and collagen deposition) after treating the PAH rats with test and control formulations. When the rats were treated acutely and chronically, the reduction in mPAP was more pronounced in the liposomal formulation-treated rats than in plain drug-treated rats. CAR-modified liposomes were more selective in reducing mPAP than unmodified liposomes of the drugs. Both drugs, formulated in CAR-modified liposomes, reduced the degree of muscularization, medial arterial wall thickness, and collagen deposition more than the combination of plain drugs did. As seen with the in vivo data, CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil or DN increased the levels of the vasodilatory signaling molecule, cGMP, in the smooth muscle cells of PAH-afflicted human pulmonary arteries. Overall, fasudil and DN, formulated in liposomes, could be used as a combination therapy for a better management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
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Järvinen TAH, Rashid J, Valmari T, May U, Ahsan F. Systemically Administered, Target-Specific Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins and Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1273-1282. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty
of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu
1, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jahidur Rashid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Toini Valmari
- Faculty
of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu
1, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulrike May
- Faculty
of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu
1, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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Akter F, Coghlan G, de Mel A. Nitric oxide in paediatric respiratory disorders: novel interventions to address associated vascular phenomena? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 10:256-70. [PMID: 27215618 DOI: 10.1177/1753944716649893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a significant role in modulating the respiratory system and is being exploited therapeutically. Neonatal respiratory failure can affect around 2% of all live births and is responsible for over one third of all neonatal mortality. Current treatment method with inhaled NO (iNO) has demonstrated great benefits to patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. However, it is not without its drawbacks, which include the need for patients to be attached to mechanical ventilators. Notably, there is also a lack of identification of subgroups amongst abovementioned patients, and homogeneity in powered studies associated with iNO, which is one of the limitations. There are significant developments in drug delivery methods and there is a need to look at alternative or supplementary methods of NO delivery that could reduce current concerns. The addition of NO-independent activators and stimulators, or drugs such as prostaglandins to work in synergy with NO donors might be beneficial. It is of interest to consider such delivery methods within the respiratory system, where controlled release of NO can be introduced whilst minimizing the production of harmful byproducts. This article reviews current therapeutic application of iNO and the state-of-the-art technology methods for sustained delivery of NO that may be adapted and developed to address respiratory disorders. We envisage this perspective would prompt active investigation of such systems for their potential clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, UK
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Lecturer in Regenerative Medicine, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free NHS Trust Hospital, 9th Floor, Room 355, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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22
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Brady SM, Shapiro L, Mousa SA. Current and future direction in the management of scleroderma. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:461-71. [PMID: 27139430 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma is a heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology. As more information is gained about the underlying mechanisms and the improved classifications of scleroderma subtypes, treatments can be better personalized. Improving scleroderma patients' early diagnosis before end organ manifestations occur should improve clinical trial design and outcomes. Two recently FDA-approved antifibrotics for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be effective treatments in patients with pulmonary fibrosis secondary to scleroderma after further investigation. The potential impact of Nanobiotechnology in improving the efficacy and safety of existing antifibrotics and immunomodulators might present an exciting new approach in the management of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Brady
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Lee Shapiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Steffens Scleroderma Center, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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Decorin: A Growth Factor Antagonist for Tumor Growth Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:654765. [PMID: 26697491 PMCID: PMC4677162 DOI: 10.1155/2015/654765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is the best characterized member of the extracellular small leucine-rich proteoglycan family present in connective tissues, typically in association with or “decorating” collagen fibrils. It has substantial interest to clinical medicine owing to its antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Studies on DCN knockout mice have established that a lack of DCN is permissive for tumor development and it is regarded as a tumor suppressor gene. A reduced expression or a total disappearance of DCN has been reported to take place in various forms of human cancers during tumor progression. Furthermore, when used as a therapeutic molecule, DCN has been shown to inhibit tumor progression and metastases in experimental cancer models. DCN affects the biology of various types of cancer by targeting a number of crucial signaling molecules involved in cell growth, survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The active sites for the neutralization of different growth factors all reside in different parts of the DCN molecule. An emerging concept that multiple proteases, especially those produced by inflammatory cells, are capable of cleaving DCN suggests that native DCN could be inactivated in a number of pathological inflammatory conditions. In this paper, we review the role of DCN in cancer.
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Järvinen TAH, May U, Prince S. Systemically Administered, Target Organ-Specific Therapies for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23556-71. [PMID: 26437400 PMCID: PMC4632713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and other agents that could potentially enhance tissue regeneration have been identified, but their therapeutic value in clinical medicine has been limited for reasons such as difficulty to maintain bioactivity of locally applied therapeutics in the protease-rich environment of regenerating tissues. Although human diseases are treated with systemically administered drugs in general, all current efforts aimed at enhancing tissue repair with biological drugs have been based on their local application. The systemic administration of growth factors has been ruled out due to concerns about their safety. These concerns are warranted. In addition, only a small proportion of systemically administered drugs reach their intended target. Selective delivery of the drug to the target tissue and use of functional protein domains capable of penetrating cells and tissues could alleviate these problems in certain circumstances. We will present in this review a novel approach utilizing unique molecular fingerprints (“Zip/postal codes”) in the vasculature of regenerating tissues that allows target organ-specific delivery of systemically administered therapeutic molecules by affinity-based physical targeting (using peptides or antibodies as an “address tag”) to injured tissues undergoing repair. The desired outcome of targeted therapies is increased local accumulation and lower systemic concentration of the therapeutic payload. We believe that the physical targeting of systemically administered therapeutic molecules could be rapidly adapted in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A H Järvinen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ulrike May
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Stuart Prince
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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Vaidya B, Gupta V. Novel therapeutic approaches for pulmonary arterial hypertension: Unique molecular targets to site-specific drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 211:118-33. [PMID: 26036906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by increased blood pressure in the small arterioles supplying blood to lungs for oxygenation. Advances in understanding of molecular and cellular biology techniques have led to the findings that PAH is indeed a cascade of diseases exploiting multi-faceted complex pathophysiology, with cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling being the key pathogenic events along with several cellular pathways involved. While current therapies for PAH do provide for amelioration of disease symptoms and acute survival benefits, their full therapeutic potential is hindered by patient incompliance and off-target side effects. To overcome the issues related with current therapy and to devise a more selective therapy, various novel pathways are being investigated for PAH treatment. In addition, inability to deliver anti-PAH drugs to the disease site i.e., distal pulmonary arterioles has been one of the major challenges in achieving improved patient outcomes and improved therapeutic efficacy. Several novel carriers have been explored to increase the selectivity of currently approved anti-PAH drugs and to act as suitable carriers for the delivery of investigational drugs. In the present review, we have discussed potential of various novel molecular pathways/targets including RhoA/Rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and miRNA in PAH therapeutics. We have also discussed various techniques for site-specific drug delivery of anti-PAH therapeutics so as to improve the efficacy of approved and investigational drugs. This review will provide gainful insights into current advances in PAH therapeutics with an emphasis on site-specific drug payload delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, United States.
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Gupta N, Al-Saikhan FI, Patel B, Rashid J, Ahsan F. Fasudil and SOD packaged in peptide-studded-liposomes: Properties, pharmacokinetics and ex-vivo targeting to isolated perfused rat lungs. Int J Pharm 2015; 488:33-43. [PMID: 25888802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the feasibility of encapsulating two drugs, fasudil and superoxide dismutase (SOD), into liposomes for targeted and inhalational delivery to the pulmonary vasculature to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Nanosized liposomes were prepared by a thin-film formation and extrusion method, and the drugs were encapsulated by a modified freeze-thaw technique. The peptide CARSKNKDC (CAR), a pulmonary-specific targeting sequence, was conjugated on the surface of liposomes. Formulations were optimized for various physicochemical properties, tested for their ex-vivo and in-vivo drug absorption after intratracheal administration, and evaluated for short-term safety in healthy rats. The homogenous nanosized liposomes contained both SOD (~55% entrapment) and fasudil (~40% entrapment), and were stable at 4°C and after nebulization. Liposomes released the drugs in a controlled-release fashion. Compared with plain liposomes, CAR-liposomes increased the uptake by pulmonary endothelial and smooth muscle cells by ~2-fold. CAR-liposomes extended the biological half-lives of SOD and fasudil by ~3-fold. Ex-vivo studies demonstrated that CAR-liposomes were better retained in the lungs than plain liposomes. Bronchoalveolar lavage studies indicated the safety of peptide-equipped liposomes as pulmonary delivery carriers. Overall, this study demonstrates that CAR-liposomes may be used as inhalational carriers for SOD plus fasudil-based combination therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Fahad I Al-Saikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brijeshkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States.
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Patel B, Gupta N, Ahsan F. Particle engineering to enhance or lessen particle uptake by alveolar macrophages and to influence the therapeutic outcome. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:163-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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