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Panaitescu PȘ, Răzniceanu V, Mocrei-Rebrean ȘM, Neculicioiu VS, Dragoș HM, Costache C, Filip GA. The Effect of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions on Neuroinflammation and Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease Animal Models-A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3946-3974. [PMID: 38785512 PMCID: PMC11120577 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome-targeted interventions such as fecal transplant, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotic gut depletion are speculated to be of potential use in delaying the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease by rebalancing the gut microbiome in the context of the gut-brain axis. Our study aims to organize recent findings regarding these interventions in Parkinson's disease animal models to identify how they affect neuroinflammation and motor outcomes. A systematic literature search was applied in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS for gut microbiome-targeted non-dietary interventions. Studies that investigated gut-targeted interventions by using in vivo murine PD models to follow dopaminergic cell loss, motor tests, and neuroinflammatory markers as outcomes were considered to be eligible. A total of 1335 studies were identified in the databases, out of which 29 were found to be eligible. A narrative systematization of the resulting data was performed, and the effect direction for the outcomes was represented. Quality assessment using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was also performed. Out of the 29 eligible studies, we found that a significant majority report that the intervention reduced the dopaminergic cell loss (82.76%, 95% CI [64.23%, 94.15%]) produced by the induction of the disease model. Also, most studies reported a reduction in microglial (87.5%, 95% CI [61.65%, 98.45%]) and astrocytic activation (84,62%, 95% CI [54.55%, 98.08%]) caused by the induction of the disease model. These results were also mirrored in the majority (96.4% 95% CI [81.65%, 99.91%]) of the studies reporting an increase in performance in behavioral motor tests. A significant limitation of the study was that insufficient information was found in the studies to assess specific causes of the risk of bias. These results show that non-dietary gut microbiome-targeted interventions can improve neuroinflammatory and motor outcomes in acute Parkinson's disease animal models. Further studies are needed to clarify if these benefits transfer to the long-term pathogenesis of the disease, which is not yet fully understood. The study had no funding source, and the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database with the ID number CRD42023461495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Ștefan Panaitescu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Vlad Răzniceanu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Ștefania-Maria Mocrei-Rebrean
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Hanna-Maria Dragoș
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Costache
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
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Grotewold N, Albin RL. Update: Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:106000. [PMID: 38233324 PMCID: PMC10922566 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We review the descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease (PD). PD is a prevalent neurologic disorder in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) nations with rising prevalence in low and middle SDI nations. PD became a prevalent disorder in high SDI nations during the 20th century. Population growth, population aging, and increased disease duration are major drivers of rising PD prevalence. Exposure to industrial toxicants may also be a contributor to rising PD prevalence. PD is an age-related disorder with incidence likely peaking in the 8th decade of life and prevalence in the 9th decade of life. PD is notable for significant sex difference in PD risk with greater risk in men. There may be ancestral differences in PD prevalence and risk. PD is associated with moderately increased mortality though this may be underestimated. Despite significant research, there is considerable uncertainty about basic features of PD epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Grotewold
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan Parkinson's Foundation Research Center of Excellence, USA.
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Caldas BT, Ribeiro FCV, Pereira JS, Souza WC, Lopes AJ, de Melo PL. Oscillometry of the respiratory system in Parkinson's disease: physiological changes and diagnostic use. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:406. [PMID: 37884922 PMCID: PMC10605979 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung function analysis in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often difficult due to the demand for adequate forced expiratory maneuvers. Respiratory oscillometry exams require onlyquiet tidal breathing and provide a detailed analysis of respiratory mechanics. We hypothesized that oscillometry would simplify the diagnosis of respiratory abnormalitiesin PD and improve our knowledge about the pathophysiological changes in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study includes 20 controls and 47 individuals with PD divided into three groups (Hoehn and Yahr Scale 1-1.5; H&Y scale 2-3 and PD smokers).The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by investigating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Initial stages are related to increased peripheral resistance (Rp; p = 0.001). In more advanced stages, a restrictive pattern is added, reflected by reductions in dynamic compliance (p < 0.05) and increase in resonance frequency (Fr; p < 0.001). Smoking PD patients presented increased Rp (p < 0.001) and Fr (p < 0.01). PD does not introduce changes in the central airways. Oscillometric changes were correlated with respiratory muscle weakness (R = 0.37, p = 0.02). Rp showed adequate accuracy in the detection of early respiratory abnormalities (AUC = 0.858), while in more advanced stages, Fr showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.948). The best parameter to identify changes in smoking patients was Rp (AUC = 0.896). CONCLUSION The initial stages of PD are related to a reduction in ventilation homogeneity associated with changes in peripheral airways. More advanced stages also include a restrictive ventilatory pattern. These changes were correlated with respiratory muscle weakness and were observed in mild and moderate stages of PD in smokers and non-smokers. Oscillometry may adequately identify respiratory changes in the early stages of PD and obtain high diagnostic accuracy in more advanced stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tavares Caldas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João Santos Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilma Costa Souza
- Carioca Parkinson Association, Municipal Rehabilitation Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo José Lopes
- Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Function Testing Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopes de Melo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Dommershuijsen LJ, Darweesh SKL, Ben-Shlomo Y, Kluger BM, Bloem BR. The elephant in the room: critical reflections on mortality rates among individuals with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:145. [PMID: 37857675 PMCID: PMC10587193 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Grants
- S.K.L. Darweesh was supported in part by a Parkinson’s Foundation—Postdoctoral Fellowship (PF-FBS-2026) and a ZonMW Veni Award (09150162010183), and serves as an associate editor of Frontiers of Neurology and as an editorial board member of Brain Sciences.
- Parkinson’s UK
- Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum (Radboudumc)
- B.R. Bloem currently serves as Editor in Chief for the Journal of Parkinson’s disease, serves on the editorial board of Practical Neurology and Digital Biomarkers, has received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory board for Abbvie, Biogen and UCB, has received fees for speaking at conferences from AbbVie, Zambon, Roche, GE Healthcare and Bial, and has received research support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Michael J Fox Foundation, UCB, Abbvie, the Stichting Parkinson Fonds, the Hersenstichting Nederland, the Parkinson’s Foundation, Verily Life Sciences, Horizon 2020, the Topsector Life Sciences and Health, the Gatsby Foundation and the Parkinson Vereniging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne J Dommershuijsen
- Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Raheel K, Deegan G, Di Giulio I, Cash D, Ilic K, Gnoni V, Chaudhuri KR, Drakatos P, Moran R, Rosenzweig I. Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1204104. [PMID: 37545736 PMCID: PMC10398394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1204104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Past research indicates a higher prevalence, incidence, and severe clinical manifestations of alpha-synucleinopathies in men, leading to a suggestion of neuroprotective properties of female sex hormones (especially estrogen). The potential pathomechanisms of any such effect on alpha-synucleinopathies, however, are far from understood. With that aim, we undertook to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies using a bench-to-bedside approach. Methods In this systematic review, studies investigating sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behavior Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) from 2012 to 2022 were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Embase and Ovid. Results One hundred sixty-two studies were included; 5 RBD, 6 MSA, 20 DLB and 131 PD studies. Overall, there is conclusive evidence to suggest sex-and gender-specific manifestation in demographics, biomarkers, genetics, clinical features, interventions, and quality of life in alpha-synucleinopathies. Only limited data exists on the effects of distinct sex hormones, with majority of studies concentrating on estrogen and its speculated neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Future studies disentangling the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of alpha-synucleinopathies are urgently needed in order to enable novel sex-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Deegan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalyn Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Menezes-Rodrigues FS, de Oliveira MP, Araújo EA, Ferraz HB, Finsterer J, Olszewer E, Taha MO, Scorza CA, Caricati-Neto A, Scorza FA. Role of cardiac β 1-adrenergic and A 1-adenosine receptors in severe arrhythmias related to Parkinson's disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100243. [PMID: 37459671 PMCID: PMC10757299 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although reduced life expectancy in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients has been related to severe cardiac arrhythmias due to autonomic dysfunctions, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the role of cardiac β1-Adrenergic (β1AR) and A1-Adenosine (A1R) receptors in these dysfunctions, the pharmacological effects of stimulation of cardiac β1AR (isoproterenol, ISO), in the absence and presence of cardiac β1AR (atenolol, AT) or A1R (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine, DPCPX) blockade, on the arrhythmias induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion (CIR) in an animal PD model were studied. METHODS PD was produced by dopaminergic lesions (confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis) caused by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 6 μg) in rat striatum. CIR was produced by a surgical interruption for 10 min followed by reestablishment of blood circulation in the descendent left coronary artery. On the incidence of CIR-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias (VA), Atrioventricular Block (AVB), and Lethality (LET), evaluated by Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, the effects of intravenous treatment with ISO, AT and DPCPX (before CIR) were studied. RESULTS VA, AVB and LET incidences were significantly higher in 6-OHDA (83%, 92%, 100%, respectively) than in control rats (58%, 67% and 67%, respectively). ISO treatment significantly reduced these incidences in 6-OHDA (33%, 33% and 42%, respectively) and control rats (25%, 25%, 33%, respectively), indicating that stimulation of cardiac β1AR induced cardioprotection. This response was prevented by pretreatment with AT and DPCPX, confirming the involvement of cardiac β1AR and A1R. CONCLUSION Pharmacological modulation of cardiac β1AR and A1R could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce severe arrhythmias and increase life expectancy in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; PostGraduate Program in Cardiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pires de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIFAS, União Metropolitana para a Educação e Cultura, Lauro de Freitas, BA, Brazil
| | - Erisvaldo Amarante Araújo
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballalai Ferraz
- Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Efrain Olszewer
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Estudo na Área de Saúde (FAPES), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Murched Omar Taha
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fúlvio Alexandre Scorza
- Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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McMahon L, Blake C, Lennon O. A systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1481-1504. [PMID: 36779856 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and associated with increased hospital admission and mortality rates. Central and peripheral mechanisms have been proposed in PD. To date no systematic review identifies the extent and type of respiratory impairments in PD compared with healthy controls. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Pedro, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and OpenGrey were searched from inception to December 2021 to identify case-control studies reporting respiratory measures in PD and matched controls. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, the majority with low risk of bias across Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) domains. Data permitted pooled analysis for 26 distinct respiratory measures. High-to-moderate certainty evidence of impairment in PD was identified for vital capacity (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.75; 95% CI 0.45-1.05; p < 0.00001; I2 = 10%), total chest wall volume (SMD 0.38; 95% CI 0.09-0.68; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%), maximum inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.91; 95% CI 0.64-1.19; p < 0.00001; I2 = 43%) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.58; 95% CI 0.30-0.87; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis provided high-moderate certainty evidence of impairment for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s during medication ON phases and increased respiratory rate during OFF phases. Lower certainty evidence identified impairments in PD for maximum expiratory pressure, tidal volume, maximum voluntary ventilation and peak cough flow. CONCLUSIONS Strong evidence supports a restrictive pattern with inspiratory muscle weakness in PD compared with healthy controls. Limited data for central impairment were identified with inconclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McMahon
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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de Sousa JAC, Azul FVCS, de Araújo AB, Tomé RC, Silva FRM, de Vasconcelos SMM, Rios FJ, Leal LKAM. Epiisopiloturine, an Alkaloid from Pilocarpus microphyllus, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation by Interfering in the TLR4/NF- κB-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Microglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4752502. [PMID: 37151606 PMCID: PMC10162877 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4752502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is present in the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a prominent role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Epiisopiloturine (EPI) is an imidazole alkaloid obtained as a by-product of pilocarpine extracted from Pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi) and has shown promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPI on the inflammatory response in microglial cells (BV-2 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored putative underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was not affected by EPI (1-100 μg/mL) as assessed by both LDH activity and the MTT test. Pretreatment with EPI (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) significantly reduced the proinflammatory response induced by LPS, as observed by a decrease in nitrite oxide production and iNOS protein expression. EPI (25 μg/mL) reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production, by 40% and 34%, respectively. However, no changes were observed in the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Mechanistically, EPI inhibited the TLR4 expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2) induced by LPS, but no changes were observed in TREM2 receptor expression in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory properties of EPI in microglial cells. These effects are associated with the reduction of TLR4 expression and inhibition of intracellular signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Costa de Sousa
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vinícius Clemente Serra Azul
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bruna de Araújo
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Colares Tomé
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Raysse Mesquita Silva
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco José Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Oliveira RTD, Santos FMD, Ramos AG, Seki KLM, Müller PDT, Christofoletti G. Pulmonary function and medication effect in mild-stage subjects with Parkinson's disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:1233-1238. [PMID: 36580961 PMCID: PMC9800167 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) causes a series of movement disorders, many of them starting in the early stage. OBJECTIVE To analyze the pulmonary function of mild-stage subjects with PD and to investigate the effects of levodopa on it. METHODS We included 21 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 healthy control subjects. The participants were submitted to spirometry and impulse oscillometry assessments. The PD patients were evaluated during the "off" and "on" phases of their anti-PD medication, which was was converted to levodopa in an equivalent daily dose. A statistical analysis was performed with cross-sectional (PD patients "off" medication versus controls) and paired (PD patients "off" medication versus PD patients "on" medication) tests. The effect of levodopa was calculated with partial Eta-squared (η2 ρ). Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS The PD patients presented normal values in the impulse oscillometry. Regarding spirometry, the results indicated an incipient obstructive ventilatory disorder in the PD group - confirmed by patients' flow-volume curves. The PD patients received a daily dose of 354.7 ± 148.2 mg of levodopa. The paired analyses showed a small effect of anti-PD medication on pulmonary parameters (η2 ρ = 0.197 for spirometry and η2 ρ= 0.043 for impulse oscillometry). CONCLUSION Patients with PD in the mild stage of the disease present pulmonary compliance and resistance compatible with normal parameters. The differences regarding the spirometric results indicate an incipient obstructive ventilatory disorder in patients with PD. Levodopa had small effect on pulmonary function in the mild stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Terra de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Maria dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Karla Luciana Magnani Seki
- Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Saúde, Programa em Ciências do Movimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo de Tarso Müller
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Saúde, Programa em Ciências do Movimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Christofoletti
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Saúde e Desenvolvimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Saúde, Programa em Ciências do Movimento, Campo Grande MS, Brazil.,Address for correspondence Gustavo Christofoletti
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10
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Chia K, Klingseisen A, Sieger D, Priller J. Zebrafish as a model organism for neurodegenerative disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:940484. [PMID: 36311026 PMCID: PMC9606821 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.940484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is increasingly recognized as a model organism for translational research into human neuropathology. The zebrafish brain exhibits fundamental resemblance with human neuroanatomical and neurochemical pathways, and hallmarks of human brain pathology such as protein aggregation, neuronal degeneration and activation of glial cells, for example, can be modeled and recapitulated in the fish central nervous system. Genetic manipulation, imaging, and drug screening are areas where zebrafish excel with the ease of introducing mutations and transgenes, the expression of fluorescent markers that can be detected in vivo in the transparent larval stages overtime, and simple treatment of large numbers of fish larvae at once followed by automated screening and imaging. In this review, we summarize how zebrafish have successfully been employed to model human neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of choosing zebrafish as a model for these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelda Chia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Klingseisen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dirk Sieger,
| | - Josef Priller
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DZNE, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Josef Priller,
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11
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Shang Y, Chen X, Ai M, Gao X, Dai S, Zhao M, Yang C, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhong L, Bao T, Liu X. Association of Essential Tremor With Dementia and Affective Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:842732. [PMID: 35370922 PMCID: PMC8967984 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.842732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe dementia and affective disorders are common non-motor features in patients with essential tremor (ET). However, the relationship of ET with cognitive impairments and affective disorders remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the association of ET with dementia and affective disorders.MethodsOriginal studies published from January 1999 to October 2019 were systematically searched from the database of Medline (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD, random effect model), odds ratios (ORs), relative risk (RR), and 95% CI were calculated.ResultsCompared with the Non-ET group, patients with ET had significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (SMD, −1.16; 95% CI, −1.75 to −0.58; p = 0.0001) and had significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms scale score (SMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22–0.87; p = 0.0009). The OR for dementia and affective disorders in individuals with ET compared with individuals without ET was 2.49 (95% CI, 2.17–2.85, p < 0.00001). While there was no significant difference in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between ET and Non-ET groups (SMD, −0.52; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.13; p = 0.23), there was a significant difference in the risk of mortality between ET and Non-ET groups (RR = 4.69, 95% CI, 2.18–10.07).ConclusionThe non-motor symptoms should not be neglected among patients with ET. However, the causal relationship between ET and dementia, depression, and anxiety is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Mingda Ai
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoran Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingjie Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Bothwin Clinical Study Consultant, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center, Kunming, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tianhao Bao
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Liu
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12
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Landers MR, Nilsson MH. A theoretical framework for addressing fear of falling avoidance behavior in Parkinson's disease. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 39:895-911. [PMID: 35180834 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2029655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postural instability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with several downstream consequences that ultimately lead to a greater risk of falling. Among the prominent downstream consequences is fear of falling (FOF), which is both common and problematic in PD. It can lead to a vicious cycle of FOF avoidance behavior that results in more sedentary behavior, physical deconditioning, and weakening of already impaired balance systems. This, in turn, may make the person with PD more susceptible to a future fall even with benign daily tasks. While FOF activity avoidance can be adaptive (appropriate), it can also be maladaptive (inappropriate or exaggerated). When this adaptive and maladaptive FOF avoidance behavior is contextualized to gait/balance performance, it provides a theoretical framework that can be used by clinicians to match patterns of behavior to a concordant treatment approach. In the theoretical framework proposed in this perspective, four different patterns related to FOF avoidance behavior and gait/balance performance are suggested: appropriate avoiders, appropriate non-avoiders, inappropriate avoiders, and inappropriate non-avoiders. For each of the four FOF avoidance behavior patterns, this paper also provides suggested treatment focuses, approaches and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill R Landers
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Maria H Nilsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Iring A, Tóth A, Baranyi M, Otrokocsi L, Módis LV, Gölöncsér F, Varga B, Hortobágyi T, Bereczki D, Dénes Á, Sperlágh B. The dualistic role of the purinergic P2Y12-receptor in an in vivo model of Parkinson's disease: Signalling pathway and novel therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106045. [PMID: 34968684 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative condition; characterized with the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and neuroinflammation. During PD progression, microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) display altered activity, but their role in maintaining PD development has remained unclear to date. The purinergic P2Y12-receptor (P2Y12R), which is expressed on the microglia in the CNS has been shown to regulate microglial activity and responses; however, the function of the P2Y12R in PD is unknown. Here we show that MPTP-induced PD symptoms in mice are associated with marked neuroinflammatory changes and P2Y12R contribute to the activation of microglia and progression of the disease. Surprisingly, while pharmacological or genetic targeting of the P2Y12R augments acute mortality in MPTP-treated mice, these interventions protect against the neurodegenerative cell loss and the development of neuroinflammation in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of receptors during disease development reverses the symptoms of PD and halts disease progression. We found that P2Y12R regulates ROCK and p38 MAPK activity and control cytokine production. Our principal finding is that the receptor has a dualistic role in PD: functional P2Y12Rs are essential to initiate a protective inflammatory response, since the lack of the receptor leads to reduced survival; however, at later stages of neurodegeneration, P2Y12Rs are apparently responsible for maintaining the activated state of microglia and stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Understanding protective and detrimental P2Y12R-mediated actions in the CNS may reveal novel approaches to control neuroinflammation and modify disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrián Tóth
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of Ph.D. Studies, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Otrokocsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László V Módis
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Flóra Gölöncsér
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Varga
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of Ph.D. Studies, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Dániel Bereczki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of Ph.D. Studies, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Aquino YC, Cabral LM, Miranda NC, Naccarato MC, Falquetto B, Moreira TS, Takakura AC. Respiratory disorders of Parkinson's disease. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1-15. [PMID: 34817281 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00363.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, mainly affecting people over 60 yr of age. Patients develop both classic symptoms (tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability) and nonclassical symptoms (orthostatic hypotension, neuropsychiatric deficiency, sleep disturbances, and respiratory disorders). Thus, patients with PD can have a significantly impaired quality of life, especially when they do not have multimodality therapeutic follow-up. The respiratory alterations associated with this syndrome are the main cause of mortality in PD. They can be classified as peripheral when caused by disorders of the upper airways or muscles involved in breathing and as central when triggered by functional deficits of important neurons located in the brainstem involved in respiratory control. Currently, there is little research describing these disorders, and therefore, there is no well-established knowledge about the subject, making the treatment of patients with respiratory symptoms difficult. In this review, the history of the pathology and data about the respiratory changes in PD obtained thus far will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin C Aquino
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís M Cabral
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole C Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique C Naccarato
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Falquetto
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Barbieri MA, Bagnato G, Ioppolo C, Versace AG, Irrera N. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Neurological Disorders: Focus on Patients with Dementia. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:1017-1026. [PMID: 35021982 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220111124928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) represents a public health problem worldwide. COVID-19 triggers a maladaptive cytokine release commonly referred to as cytokine storm syndrome with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which also appears to contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders' appearance, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 might enter the central nervous system through binding with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors which are highly expressed in glial cells and neurons. For this reason, an association between COVID-19, its dependent cytokine storm, and the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders might be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on the possible increased mortality risk and/or deterioration of the clinical course of pre-existing chronic neurological diseases in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Barbieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Ioppolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Versace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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16
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Fujita T, Babazono A, Kim SA, Jamal A, Li Y. Effects of physician visit frequency for Parkinson's disease treatment on mortality, hospitalization, and costs: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:707. [PMID: 34911495 PMCID: PMC8672617 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients with Parkinson’s disease among older adults is rapidly increasing. Such patients mostly take medication and require regular physician visits. However, the effect of physician visit frequency for the treatment for Parkinson’s disease has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physician visit frequency for Parkinson’s disease treatment on mortality, healthcare days, and healthcare and long-term care costs among older adults. Methods This study employed a retrospective cohort design utilizing claims data from the Fukuoka Prefecture Wide-Area Association of Latter-Stage Elderly Healthcare Insurance and Long-Term Care Insurance. Patients aged ≥75 years who were newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2014 were included in this study, following the onset of Parkinson’s disease to March 31, 2019. We calculated the restricted mean survival time to evaluate mortality, focusing on the frequency of physician visits for Parkinson’s disease treatment. Inpatient days, outpatient days, and healthcare and long-term care costs per month were calculated using a generalized linear model. Results There were 2224 participants, with 46.5% mortality among those with a higher frequency of physician visits and 56.4% among those with a lower frequency of physician visits. A higher frequency of physician visits was associated with a significant increase in survival time (1.57 months at 24 months and 5.00 months at 60 months) after the onset of Parkinson’s disease and a decrease in inpatient days and healthcare costs compared to a lower frequency of physician visits. Conclusions A higher frequency of physician visits was significantly associated with longer survival time, fewer inpatient days, and lower healthcare costs. Caregivers should support patients with Parkinson’s disease to visit physicians regularly for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Fujita
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akira Babazono
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sung-A Kim
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aziz Jamal
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Health Administration Program, Department of International Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Campsus, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Hortobágyi T, Sipos D, Borbély G, Áfra G, Reichardt-Varga E, Sántha G, Nieboer W, Tamási K, Tollár J. Detraining Slows and Maintenance Training Over 6 Years Halts Parkinsonian Symptoms-Progression. Front Neurol 2021; 12:737726. [PMID: 34867721 PMCID: PMC8641297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.737726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are scant data to demonstrate that the long-term non-pharmaceutical interventions can slow the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms and lower drug dose in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: After randomization, the Exercise-only (E, n = 19) group completed an initial 3-week-long, 15-session supervised, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program designed to improve the postural stability. The Exercise + Maintenance (E + M, n = 22) group completed the 3-week program and continued the same program three times per week for 6 years. The no exercise and no maintenance control (C, n = 26) group continued habitual living. In each patient, 11 outcomes were measured before and after the 3-week initial exercise program and then, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months. Results: The longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling of each variable was fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for baseline and covariates. The exercise program strongly improved the primary outcome, Motor Experiences of Daily Living, by ~7 points and all secondary outcomes [body mass index (BMI), disease and no disease-specific quality of life, depression, mobility, and standing balance]. In E group, the detraining effects lasted up to 12 months. E+M group further improved the initial exercise-induced gains up to 3 months and the gains were sustained until year 6. In C group, the symptoms worsened steadily. By year 6, levodopa (L-dopa) equivalents increased in all the groups but least in E + M group. Conclusion: A short-term, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program improved the PD symptoms up to a year during detraining but the subsequent 6-year maintenance program was needed to further increase or sustain the initial improvements in the symptoms, quality of life, and drug dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dávid Sipos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Áfra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Reichardt-Varga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Sántha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ward Nieboer
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Katalin Tamási
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - József Tollár
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Digital Development Center, Széchényi István University, Györ, Hungary
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18
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Cognitive and Behavior Deficits in Parkinson's Disease with Alteration of FDG-PET Irrespective of Age. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6040110. [PMID: 34842741 PMCID: PMC8628799 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Post-mortem studies are an important step and could help to comprehend not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other clinical domains, including cognition, behavior and impulse control disorders (ICDs). The correlation of neuropathological extension of the disease with the clinical stages remains challenging. Molecular imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computed tomography (SPECT), could allow for bridging the gap by providing in vivo evidence of disease extension. In the last decade, we have observed a plethora of reports describing improvements in the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. These data contribute to increasing the accuracy of PD diagnosis, differentiating PD from other causes of parkinsonism and also obtaining a surrogate marker of disease progression. FDG-PET has been used to measure cerebral metabolic rates of glucose, a proxy for neuronal activity, in PD. Many studies have shown that this technique could be used in early PD, where reduced metabolic activity correlates with disease progression and could predict histopathological diagnosis. The aim of this work is to report two particular cases of PD in which the assessment of brain metabolic activity (from FDG-PET) has been combined with clinical aspects of non-motor symptoms. Integration of information on neuropsychological and metabolic imaging allows us to improve the treatment of PD patients irrespective of age.
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19
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de la Rosa T, Calvo VS, Gonçalves VC, Scerni DA, Scorza FA. 6-hydroxydopamine and ovariectomy has no effect on heart rate variability parameters of females. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e3175. [PMID: 34644736 PMCID: PMC8478141 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In addition to the classic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), patients also present with non-motor symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, which is present in almost 90% of patients with PD, affecting the quality of life and mortality. Regarding sex differences in prevalence and presentation, there is increasing concern about how sex affects autonomic dysfunction. However, there are no previous data on autonomic cardiac function in females after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) striatal injection. METHODS Wistar female rats were ovariectomized. After 20 days, the animals received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA (total dose per animal: 48 µg) or a vehicle solution in the striatum. Thirty days after 6-OHDA injection, subcutaneous electrodes were implanted for electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Ten days after electrode implantation, ECG signals were recorded. Analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were performed, and the 6-OHDA lesion was confirmed by analyzing the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). RESULTS A high dose of 6-OHDA did not affect HRV of females, independent of ovariectomy. As expected, ovariectomy did not affect HRV or lesions in the SNpc after 6-OHDA injection. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that females with 6-OHDA present with cardioprotection, independent of ovarian hormones, which could be related to female vagal predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás de la Rosa
- Departamento de Neurologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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20
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Moustafa SA, Mohamed S, Dawood A, Azar J, Elmorsy E, Rizk NAM, Salama M. Gut brain axis: an insight into microbiota role in Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1545-1557. [PMID: 34370175 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of alpha-synuclein containing Lewy Bodies in the substantia nigra of the brain with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra and the enteric nervous system (ENS) drew attention to the possibility of a correlation between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication system, which explains how through the vagus nerve, the gut microbiota can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including brain functions related to the ENS, as well as how CNS can alter various gut secretions and immune responses. As a result, this dysbiosis or alteration in gut microbiota can be an early sign of PD with reported changes in short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and lipids. This gave rise to the use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation as alternative approaches to improve the symptoms of patients with PD. The aim of this review is to discuss investigations that have been done to explore the gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson's disease, the effect of dysbiosis, and potential therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayman Moustafa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Shrouk Mohamed
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdelhameed Dawood
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University-ARAR, North Region, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A M Rizk
- Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Cubo E, Martínez-Martín P, González-Bernal J, Casas E, Arnaiz S, Miranda J, Gámez P, Santos-García D. Effects of Motor Symptom Laterality on Clinical Manifestations and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:1611-1620. [PMID: 32741839 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The asymmetry of motor manifestations present in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests the existence of differences between both hemispheres. As a consequence, this asymmetry might contribute to different PD clinical phenotypes. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between motor symptom laterality with motor, non-motor symptoms (NMS), freezing of gait (FOG), and quality of life (QoL) impairment in PD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured motor symptoms severity and complications with the Unified Parkinsons' disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), FOG with the FOG questionnaire, QoL with the 39-item PD Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index, and NMS with the NMS, Visual Analogue Scales for Pain and Fatigue, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders, and PD Sleep and Cognitive Rating scales. We defined left and right motor laterality using the UPDRS part III. We used comparative, regression, and effect size analyses to evaluate the impact of asymmetry on motor and NMS, FOG, and QoL. RESULTS 342 left (LPD) and 310 right (RPD) patients, with a mean age of 62.0±8.8 years, were included. In multivariate regression analysis, LPD was associated with a greater motor (OR = 1,50, 95% CI 1.02-2.21), FOG (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.01-2.41), and overall NMS impairment (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.001-2.06), and better QoL (OR = 0.52 95% CI 0.32-0.85). Overall, only a mild effect size was found for all comparisons in which significant differences were present. CONCLUSION In this large multicenter study, motor symptom laterality seems to carry a mild but significant impact on PD clinical manifestations, and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cubo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Casas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sandra Arnaiz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Javier Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pedro Gámez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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22
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Troisi J, Landolfi A, Cavallo P, Marciano F, Barone P, Amboni M. Metabolomics in Parkinson's disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:107-149. [PMID: 34462054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder in which environmental (lifestyle, dietary, infectious disease) factors as well as genetic make-up play a role. Metabolomics, an evolving research field combining biomarker discovery and pathogenetics, is particularly useful in studying complex pathophysiology in general and Parkinson's disease (PD) specifically. PD, the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of intraneural inclusions of α-synuclein aggregates. Although considered a predominantly movement disorder, PD is also associated with number of non-motor features. Metabolomics has provided useful information regarding this neurodegenerative process with the aim of identifying a disease-specific fingerprint. Unfortunately, many disease variables such as clinical presentation, motor system involvement, disease stage and duration substantially affect biomarker relevance. As such, metabolomics provides a unique approach to studying this multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy; Theoreo Srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, SA, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Istituto Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
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23
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Hustad E, Myklebust TÅ, Gulati S, Aasly JO. Increased Mortality in Young-Onset Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2021; 14:214-220. [PMID: 34315208 PMCID: PMC8490197 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Few studies have followed Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from the time of diagnosis to the date of death. This study compared mortality in the Trondheim PD cohort to the general population, investigated causes of death and analyzed the associations between mortality and age at disease onset (AAO) and cognitive decline defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 26. Methods
The cohort was followed longitudinally from 1997. By the end of January 2020, 587 patients had died. Comparisons to the Norwegian population were performed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Survival curves were estimated using the standard Kaplan-Meier estimator, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were estimated to investigate associations. Results
SMR was 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13–2.44] for the whole cohort. For participants with AAO 20–39 years, the SMR was 5.55 (95% CI: 3.38–8.61). Median survival was 15 years (95% CI: 14.2–15.5) for the whole cohort. Early-onset PD (EOPD) patients (AAO < 50 years) had the longest median survival time. For all groups, there was a significant shortening in median survival time and an almost 3-fold higher age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for death when the MoCA score decreased below 26. Conclusion
PD patients with an AAO before 40 years had a more than fivefold higher mortality rate compared to a similar general population. EOPD patients had the longest median survival; however, their life expectancy was reduced to a greater degree than that of late-onset PD patients. Cognitive impairment was strongly associated with mortality in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldbjørg Hustad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Department of Research and Innovation, More and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Rozas NS, Tribble GD, Jeter CB. Oral Factors That Impact the Oral Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081616. [PMID: 34442695 PMCID: PMC8402101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, their primary cause of death. Their oral microbiota differs from healthy controls, exacerbating this risk. Our goal was to explore if poor oral health, poor oral hygiene, and dysphagia status affect the oral microbiota composition of these patients. In this cross-sectional case-control study, the oral microbiota from hard and soft tissues of patients with PD (n = 30) and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (n = 30) was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification. Study participants completed dietary, oral hygiene, drooling, and dysphagia questionnaires, and an oral health screening. Significant differences in soft tissue beta-diversity (p < 0.005) were found, and a higher abundance of opportunistic oral pathogens was detected in patients with PD. Factors that significantly influenced soft tissue beta-diversity and microbiota composition include dysphagia, drooling (both p < 0.05), and salivary pH (p < 0.005). Thus, patients with PD show significant differences in their oral microbiota compared to the controls, which may be due, in part, to dysphagia, drooling, and salivary pH. Understanding factors that alter their oral microbiota could lead to the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies that improve the quality of life and survivability of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Rozas
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 7500 Cambridge St., Suite 5371, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS-5318, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Cameron B. Jeter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 7500 Cambridge St., Suite 5371, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(713)-486-4427
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25
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Zhang X, Guarin D, Mohammadzadehhonarvar N, Chen X, Gao X. Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 17 million participants. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046329. [PMID: 34215604 PMCID: PMC8256737 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and qualitatively evaluate epidemiological evidence on associations between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer via meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, until March 2021. STUDY SELECTION Included were publications that (1) were original epidemiological studies on PD and cancer; (2) reported risk estimates; (3) were in English. Exclusion criteria included: (1) review/comments; (2) biological studies; (3) case report/autopsy studies; (4) irrelevant exposure/outcome; (5) treated cases; (6) no measure of risk estimates; (7) no confidence intervals/exact p values and (8) duplicates. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed in data extraction. Two-step screening was performed by two authors blinded to each other. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We included publications that assessed the risk of PD in individuals with vs without cancer and the risk of cancer in individuals with vs without PD. RESULTS A total of 63 studies and 17 994 584 participants were included. Meta-analysis generated a pooled RR of 0.82 (n=33; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.88; p<0.001) for association between PD and total cancer, 0.76 (n=21; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.85; p<0.001) for PD and smoking-related cancer and 0.92 (n=19; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; p=0.03) for non-smoking-related cancer. PD was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (n=29; pooled RR=1.75; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.14; p<0.001) but not for other skin cancers (n=17; pooled RR=0.90; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.34; p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS PD and total cancer were inversely associated. This inverse association persisted for both smoking-related and non-smoking-related cancers. PD was positively associated with melanoma. These results provide evidence for further investigations for possible mechanistic associations between PD and cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020162103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Guarin
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiqun Chen
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Mahmood A, Shah AA, Umair M, Wu Y, Khan A. Recalling the pathology of Parkinson's disease; lacking exact figure of prevalence and genetic evidence in Asia with an alarming outcome: A time to step-up. Clin Genet 2021; 100:659-677. [PMID: 34195994 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common and progressive neurodegenerative disease globally, with major symptoms like bradykinesia, impaired posture, and tremor. Several genetic and environmental factors have been identified but elucidating the main factors have been challenging due to the disease's complex nature. Diagnosis, prognosis, and management of such diseases are challenging and require effective targeted attention in developing countries. Recently, PD is growing rapidly in many crowded Asian countries as an alarming threat with inadequate knowledge of its prevalence, genetic architecture, and geographic distribution. This study gave an in-depth overview of the prevalence, incidence and genomic/genetics studies published so far in the Asian population. To the best of our knowledge, PD has increased significantly in several Asian countries, including China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Israel over the past few years, requiring a greater level of care and attention. Genetic screening of families with PD at national levels and establishing an official database of PD cases are essential to get a comprehensive and conclusive view of the exact prevalence and genetic diversity of PD in the Asian population to properly manage and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiming Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
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27
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Yoon SY, Shin J, Kim YW, Chang JS, Won Kim H. The mortality rate of Parkinson's disease and related comorbidities: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study in Korea. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1182-1188. [PMID: 33219665 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND previous studies on mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled a relatively small number of participants and were conducted in western countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate mortality rate of PD using a large nationwide cohort in Korea and to evaluate effects comorbidities have on mortality in PD. METHODS the nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data. Patients with a primary diagnosis of PD were selected from the database. A matched cohort without PD was enrolled through randomly matching patients by sex, age, year of diagnosis, residential area and income level to the PD group with a ratio of 1:9. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess mortality risk between the two cohorts. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify mortality risk factors in PD cohort. RESULTS in total, 25,620 patients were enrolled. The Cox proportional regression model had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.479 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.272-2.704] for mortality in PD cohort. Comorbidities, such as ischaemic stroke [odds ratios (OR) = 2.314, 95% CI, 1.895-2.824], haemorrhagic stroke (OR = 2.281, 95% CI, 1.466-3.550) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.307, 95% CI, 1.048-1.630) were associated with increased mortality, whereas dyslipidemia (OR = 0.285, 95% CI, 0.227-0.358) was negatively correlated with mortality. CONCLUSION over the 10 year follow-up period, the PD cohort's mortality rate was 2.5 times higher than the comparison cohort. Understanding the effects that comorbidities have on morality in PD would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Suk Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Razali K, Othman N, Mohd Nasir MH, Doolaanea AA, Kumar J, Ibrahim WN, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mohamed WMY. The Promise of the Zebrafish Model for Parkinson's Disease: Today's Science and Tomorrow's Treatment. Front Genet 2021; 12:655550. [PMID: 33936174 PMCID: PMC8082503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly is Parkinson's disease (PD). Its etiology is unclear and there are no available disease-modifying medicines. Therefore, more evidence is required concerning its pathogenesis. The use of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is the basis of most animal models of PD. MPTP is metabolized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) to MPP + and induces the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in mammals. Zebrafish have been commonly used in developmental biology as a model organism, but owing to its perfect mix of properties, it is now emerging as a model for human diseases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are cheap and easy to sustain, evolve rapidly, breed transparent embryos in large amounts, and are readily manipulated by different methods, particularly genetic ones. Furthermore, zebrafish are vertebrate species and mammalian findings obtained from zebrafish may be more applicable than those derived from genetic models of invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The resemblance cannot be taken for granted, however. The goal of the present review article is to highlight the promise of zebrafish as a PD animal model. As its aminergic structures, MPTP mode of action, and PINK1 roles mimic those of mammalians, zebrafish seems to be a viable model for studying PD. The roles of zebrafish MAO, however, vary from those of the two types of MAO present in mammals. The benefits unique to zebrafish, such as the ability to perform large-scale genetic or drug screens, should be exploited in future experiments utilizing zebrafish PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiah Razali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Noratikah Othman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
- Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Wael M. Y. Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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29
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Akbar U, McQueen RB, Bemski J, Carter J, Goy ER, Kutner J, Johnson MJ, Miyasaki JM, Kluger B. Prognostic predictors relevant to end-of-life palliative care in Parkinson's disease and related disorders: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:jnnp-2020-323939. [PMID: 33789923 PMCID: PMC8142437 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and related disorders (PDRD) are the second most common neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of death. However, patients with PDRD receive less end-of-life palliative care (hospice) than other illnesses, including other neurologic illnesses. Identification of predictors of PDRD mortality may aid in increasing appropriate and timely referrals. To systematically review the literature for causes of death and predictors of mortality in PDRD to provide guidance regarding hospice/end-of-life palliative care referrals. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases (1970-2020) of original quantitative research using patient-level, provider-level or caregiver-level data from medical records, administrative data or survey responses associated with mortality, prognosis or cause of death in PDRD. Findings were reviewed by an International Working Group on PD and Palliative Care supported by the Parkinson's Foundation. Of 1183 research articles, 42 studies met our inclusion criteria. We found four main domains of factors associated with mortality in PDRD: (1) demographic and clinical markers (age, sex, body mass index and comorbid illnesses), (2) motor dysfunction and global disability, (3) falls and infections and (4) non-motor symptoms. We provide suggestions for consideration of timing of hospice/end-of-life palliative care referrals. Several clinical features of advancing disease may be useful in triggering end-of-life palliative/hospice referral. Prognostic studies focused on identifying when people with PDRD are nearing their final months of life are limited. There is further need for research in this area as well as policies that support need-based palliative care for the duration of PDRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Akbar
- Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Julienne Bemski
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Goy
- Department of Neurology, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jean Kutner
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Miriam J Johnson
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Janis M Miyasaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benzi Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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30
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Jungling A, Reglodi D, Maasz G, Zrinyi Z, Schmidt J, Rivnyak A, Horvath G, Pirger Z, Tamas A. Alterations of Nigral Dopamine Levels in Parkinson's Disease after Environmental Enrichment and PACAP Treatment in Aging Rats. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010035. [PMID: 33429934 PMCID: PMC7827131 DOI: 10.3390/life11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of environmental enrichment and PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) are well-described in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the beneficial effects of these factors in aging parkinsonian rats. Newborn Wistar rats were divided into standard and enriched groups according to their environmental conditions. Standard animals were raised under regular conditions. During the first five postnatal weeks, enriched pups were placed in larger cages with different objects. Aging animals received (1) saline, (2) 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA), or (3) 6-OHDA + PACAP injections into the left substantia nigra (s.n.). On the seventh postoperative day, the left and right s.n. were collected. The s.n. of young and aging unoperated animals were also examined in our experiment. We determined the dopamine (DA) levels by the HPLC-MS technique, while the sandwich ELISA method was used to measure the Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) protein levels. In healthy animals, we found an age-related decrease of DA levels. In aging parkinsonian-enriched rats, the operation did not result in a significant DA loss. PACAP treatment could prevent the DA loss in both the standard and enriched groups. All injured PACAP-treated rats showed remarkably higher protective PARK7 levels. The protective effect of PACAP correlated with the increase of the DA and PARK7 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Jungling
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Dora Reglodi
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Gabor Maasz
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Janos Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Adam Rivnyak
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Gabor Horvath
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Andrea Tamas
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-72-536-001 (ext. 36421)
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Han S, Moon I, Choi EK, Han KD, Cho HC, Lee SY, Yang S, Kwon S, Choi YJ, Lee HJ, Lee E, Lee SR, Oh S. Increased atrial fibrillation risk in Parkinson's disease: A nationwide population-based study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:238-246. [PMID: 33389803 PMCID: PMC7818085 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with various morbidities. Although the relationship between cardiovascular disease and PD has been studied, a paucity of information on PD and atrial fibrillation (AF) association exists. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether patients with PD have an increased risk of AF. METHODS This study included 57,585 patients with newly diagnosed PD (≥40-year-old, mean age 69.7 years, men 40.2%) and without a history of AF from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database between 2010 and 2015. Furthermore, an equal number of age- and sex-matched subjects without PD were selected for comparison. The primary outcome was new-onset AF. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of 3.4 ± 1.8 years, AF was newly diagnosed in 3,665 patients. A significantly higher incidence rate of AF was noted among patients with PD than among patients without PD (10.75 and 7.86 per 1000 person-year, respectively). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.36). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that AF risk was higher in the younger age subgroups, and compared with the non-PD group, the youngest PD group (age: 40-49 years) had a threefold increased risk of AF (HR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.20-7.77). INTERPRETATION Patients with PD, especially the younger age subgroups, have an increased risk of AF. Active surveillance and management of AF should be considered to prevent further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Poortvliet PC, Gluch A, Silburn PA, Mellick GD. The Queensland Parkinson's Project: An Overview of 20 Years of Mortality from Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2021; 14:34-41. [PMID: 33278869 PMCID: PMC7840238 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consensus is that life expectancy for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) is reduced, but estimations vary. We aimed to provide an overview of 20 years of mortality and risk factor data from the Queensland Parkinson's Project. METHODS The analysis included 1,334 PD and 1,127 control participants. Preliminary analysis of baseline characteristics (sex, age at onset, family history, smoking status, pesticide exposure, depression and neurosurgery) was conducted, and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for each potential risk factor. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated comparing this cohort to the general Australian population. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to analyze potential predictors of mortality. RESULTS In total, 625 (46.8%) PD and 237 (21.0%) control participants were deceased. Mean disease duration until death was 15.3 ± 7.84 years. Average ages at death were 78.0 ± 7.4 years and 80.4 ± 8.4 years for the deceased PD and control participants, respectively. Mortality was significantly increased for PD in general {SMR = 2.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53-2.96]; p = 0.001}. SMRs were slightly higher for women and those with an age of onset before 60 years. Multivariate analysis showed that deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment was associated with lower mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98], while occasional pesticide exposure increased mortality risk (HR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.88). Family history of PD, smoking and depression were not independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION Mortality in PD is increased. Sex, age at onset and occasional pesticide exposure were independent determinants of increased mortality, while DBS treatment was associated with reduced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cornelis Poortvliet
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Gluch
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A. Silburn
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Camerucci E, Stang CD, Hajeb M, Turcano P, Mullan AF, Martin P, Ross OA, Bower JH, Mielke MM, Savica R. Early-Onset Parkinsonism and Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study (2010-2015). JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1197-1207. [PMID: 33720851 PMCID: PMC8355040 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), occurring between ages 40 and 55, carries social, societal, and personal consequences and may progress, with fewer comorbidities than typical, later-onset disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and survival of EOPD and other Parkinsonism occurring before age 55 in the population-based cohort of residents in seven Minnesota counties. METHODS A movement-disorder specialist reviewed all the medical records in a 2010-2015 Parkinsonism-incident cohort to confirm diagnosis and subtypes. RESULTS We identified 27 patients diagnosed at ≤ 50 years with incident Parkinsonism 2010-15:11 (41%) cases of EOPD, 13 (48%) drug-induced Parkinsonism, and 3 (11%) other Parkinsonism; we also identified 69 incident cases of Parkinsonism ≤ 55 years, of which 28 (41%) were EOPD, 28 (41%) DIP, and 13 (19%) other Parkinsonism. Overall incidence for Parkinsonism ≤ 50 years was 1.98/100,000 person-years, and for EOPD was 0.81/100,000 person-years. In patients ≤ 55 years, Parkinsonism incidence was 5.05/100,000 person-years: in EOPD, 2.05/100,000 person-years. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia was present in 45%of EOPD (both ≤ 50 years and ≤ 55 years). Onset of cardinal motor symptoms was proximate to the diagnosis of EOPD, except for impaired postural reflexes, which occurred later in the course of EOPD. Among the 69 Parkinsonism cases ≤ 55 years, 9 (13%; all male) were deceased (only 1 case of EOPD). Men had a higher mortality risk compared to women (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION The incidence of EOPD ≤ 50 years was 0.81/100,000 person-years (1.98 in Parkinsonism all type); prior to ≤ 55 years was 2.05/100,000 person-years (5.05 in Parkinsonism all type) with higher incidence in men than women. Men with Parkinsonism, all type, had higher mortality compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cole D. Stang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mania Hajeb
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aidan F. Mullan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - James H. Bower
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Fabbri M, Kauppila LA, Ferreira JJ, Rascol O. Challenges and Perspectives in the Management of Late-Stage Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:S75-S83. [PMID: 32568114 PMCID: PMC7592689 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, with a continuously increasing prevalence. With improved clinical and therapeutic management of PD, more patients reach later stages of the disease, meaning they may face new clinical problems that were not commonly approached. This gave way to the description of a new PD stage, late-stage PD (LSPD), which is clinically discernible from the advanced-stage one. Therefore, LSPD patients have new and different needs, regarding pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions, including palliative care and multidisciplinary teams. LSPD patients constitute an‘orphan population’, who traditionally was excluded from previous studies, due to its high disability. With this manuscript, we intend to review specific management challenges of LSPD patients, covering this new concept and its clinical features, how to assess these patients, therapeutic recommendations, as well as discussing ongoing research and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Fabbri
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre; Toulouse University Hospital; INSERM; University of Toulouse 3; Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Linda Azevedo Kauppila
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.,CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre; Toulouse University Hospital; INSERM; University of Toulouse 3; Toulouse, France
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Anderson KM, Augusto DG, Dandekar R, Shams H, Zhao C, Yusufali T, Montero-Martín G, Marin WM, Nemat-Gorgani N, Creary LE, Caillier S, Mofrad MRK, Parham P, Fernández-Viña M, Oksenberg JR, Norman PJ, Hollenbach JA. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Variants Are Associated with Protection from Symptoms Associated with More Severe Course in Parkinson Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1323-1330. [PMID: 32709660 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysfunction plays a role in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). NK cells regulate immune functions and are modulated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). KIR are expressed on the surface of NK cells and interact with HLA class I ligands on the surface of all nucleated cells. We investigated KIR-allelic polymorphism to interrogate the role of NK cells in PD. We sequenced KIR genes from 1314 PD patients and 1978 controls using next-generation methods and identified KIR genotypes using custom bioinformatics. We examined associations of KIR with PD susceptibility and disease features, including age at disease onset and clinical symptoms. We identified two KIR3DL1 alleles encoding highly expressed inhibitory receptors associated with protection from PD clinical features in the presence of their cognate ligand: KIR3DL1*015/HLA-Bw4 from rigidity (p c = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.69) and KIR3DL1*002/HLA-Bw4i from gait difficulties (p c = 0.05, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.88), as well as composite symptoms associated with more severe disease. We also developed a KIR3DL1/HLA interaction strength metric and found that weak KIR3DL1/HLA interactions were associated with rigidity (pc = 0.05, OR = 9.73, 95% CI 2.13-172.5). Highly expressed KIR3DL1 variants protect against more debilitating symptoms of PD, strongly implying a role of NK cells in PD progression and manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tasneem Yusufali
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Wesley M Marin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Lisa E Creary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Stacy Caillier
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | | | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158;
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Motor/Nonmotor Symptoms and Progression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Prevalence and Risks in a Longitudinal Study. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:2735361. [PMID: 32655850 PMCID: PMC7322581 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2735361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously assessed the prevalence and risks of motor/nonmotor symptoms in a large sample of Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we longitudinally assessed the prevalence and risk of motor/nonmotor symptoms, changes in treatment, disease progression, and death in patients with Parkinson's disease. We enrolled 1,227 patients diagnosed and treated at our hospital in Tokyo at first evaluation. We were able to follow-up 445 patients until the second evaluation, 7.4 years later. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional-hazards model in 1,227 patients, motor/nonmotor symptoms were analyzed in association with the following events: pain, wearing-off, camptocormia, psychosis, orthostatic hypotension, pneumonia, tube feeding, modified Hoehn and Yahr stages (H-Y) 3 and 4 of the on state, and death. The mean age (standard deviation) at the first evaluation was 67.2 (9.9) years, while the mean ages at onset and disease duration were 57.8 (11.7) years and 9.3 (6.6) years, respectively. The mean H-Y of the on state was 2.7 (1.1) at the first evaluation. Age at onset and duration of levodopa use decreased the hazard ratios (HRs) (0.968 and 0.910, respectively) for wearing-off. Female sex increased the HRs (1.414) for wearing-off and decreased the HRs for orthostatic hypotension (0.540) and pneumonia (0.510). Older age at onset increased the HR for psychosis (1.035), orthostatic hypotension (1.033), H-Y 3 (1.048) and 4 (1.071), pneumonia (1.123), tube feeding (1.140), and death (1.095). Early onset of orthostatic hypotension itself increased the HR for numerous events, especially for death (0.893). Our results indicated that age, sex, and some nonmotor symptoms may predict many Parkinson's disease-related events. In addition, these data may provide a useful reference for the clinical course of Parkinson's disease.
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Chen Y, Zhu G, Liu D, Liu Y, Yuan T, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Du T, Zhang J. The morphology of thalamic subnuclei in Parkinson's disease and the effects of machine learning on disease diagnosis and clinical evaluation. J Neurol Sci 2020; 411:116721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nejm MB, Guimarães-Marques MJ, Oliveira LF, Damasceno L, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Fonseca F, Olszewer E, Leça R, de Almeida ACG, Scorza FA, Scorza CA. Assessment of vitamin D and inflammatory markers profile in cardiac tissue on Parkinson disease animal model. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:296-304. [PMID: 32124387 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular dysfunctions are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) that can result in reduced quality of life and even death. Research in animal models designed to characterize the pathological association between PD and cardiovascular abnormalities is still in its infancy. This study assessed the early impact of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage on cardiological features in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of PD. METHODS Male Wistar rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA and sham rats were injected with saline. Animals were studied 15 days later. Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the nigrostriatal system. Electrocardiogram recordings of heart rate were performed in conscious rats. Heart levels of vitamin D, inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein were assessed through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and turbidimetric method, respectively. RESULTS We found a post-injury reduction of TH-immunoreactivity of approximately 45% in the substantia nigra pars compacta and 20% in the striatum. Heart rate reduction was found in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats as compared with sham counterparts. Reduced levels of vitamin D and increased levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β) were detected in the heart tissue of PD rats in comparison with sham. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a link between cardiac tissue changes and cardiac functional changes early after the central dopaminergic damage induced by 6-OHDA. Knowledge of the cardiac abnormalities in the 6-OHDA model is critical in identifying future therapeutic targets and disease-modifying approaches for PD non-motor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bocca Nejm
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Jonathas Guimarães-Marques
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Freitas Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Damasceno
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Efrain Olszewer
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Estudo na Área de Saúde (FAPES), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Leça
- Departamento de Cirurgia II, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlo G de Almeida
- Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ), São João Del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Parkinson disease is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease associated with dopamine deficiency and both motor and nonmotor deficits. Many environmental and genetic factors influence Parkinson disease risk, with different factors predominating in different patients. These factors converge on specific pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Ultimately, treatment of Parkinson disease may focus on targeted therapies for pathophysiologically defined subtypes of Parkinson disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Simon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, 1635 Divisadero St., Suite 520-530, San Francisco, CA 94115; Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement St. (127P), San Francisco, CA 94121
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503-2518, USA
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Abstract
In a range of neurological conditions, including movement disorders, sex-related differences are emerging not only in brain anatomy and function, but also in pathogenesis, clinical features and response to treatment. In Parkinson disease (PD), for example, oestrogens can influence the severity of motor symptoms, whereas elevation of androgens can exacerbate tic disorders. Nevertheless, the real impact of sex differences in movement disorders remains under-recognized. In this article, we provide an up-to-date review of sex-related differences in PD and the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders, namely, essential tremor, dystonia, Huntington disease and other chorea syndromes, and Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders. We highlight the most relevant clinical aspects of movement disorders that differ between men and women. Increased recognition of these differences and their impact on patient care could aid the development of tailored approaches to the management of movement disorders and enable the optimization of preclinical research and clinical studies.
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Scorza FA, Menezes-Rodrigues FS, Olszewer E, Errante PR, Tavares JGP, Scorza CA, Ferraz HB, Finsterer J, Caricati-Neto A. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter: a new therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease-related cardiac dysfunctions? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1299. [PMID: 31939558 PMCID: PMC6945289 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fúlvio Alexandre Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociencia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Efraín Olszewer
- Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Estudos na Area de Saude (FAPES), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paolo Ruggero Errante
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - José Gustavo Patrão Tavares
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociencia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Henrique Ballalai Ferraz
- Departamento de Neurologia. Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Bloem BR, Ypinga JHL, Willis A, Canning CG, Barker RA, Munneke M, De Vries NM. Using Medical Claims Analyses to Understand Interventions for Parkinson Patients. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 8:45-58. [PMID: 29254108 PMCID: PMC5836412 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence to support the value of a range of non-pharmacological interventions for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasing. However, showing unequivocally that specific interventions are better than usual care is not straightforward because of generic drawbacks of clinical trials. Here, we address these challenges, specifically related to the context of evaluating complex non-pharmacological interventions for people with PD. Moreover, we discuss the potential merits of undertaking “real world” analyses using medical claims data. We illustrate this approach by discussing an interesting recent publication in The Lancet Neurology, which used such an approach to demonstrate the value of specialized physiotherapy for PD patients, over and above usual care physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H L Ypinga
- Department Care Purchasing, CZ Groep, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Allison Willis
- Departments of Neurology and of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen G Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marten Munneke
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M De Vries
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Motor and non-motor function predictors of mortality in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1409-1415. [PMID: 31385098 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Doubts persist regarding the influence of Parkinson's disease (PD) on mortality. Our objective was to assess mortality rates in a prospectively followed cohort of PD patients and the impact of motor and non-motor symptoms in survival. 130 consecutive PD patients were followed during a 4-year period or until death. Baseline assessment included motor function (UPDRSIII, Hoehn and Yahr-HY), incapacity (Schwab and England-S&E, UPDRS II), Health-Related quality of life (EuroQol), non-motor symptoms (Non-Motor Symptom Scale-NMSS, MoCA, REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms questionnaire) and comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI). These were used as predictor variables. Standardized mortality rates (SMR) were calculated, comparing with the general population. The association between mortality and predictors was tested with univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. Overall and gender-related SMRs were similar to the general population. SMR for pneumonia was five times higher than in the general population. Age, disease duration, CCI, EuroQol, dementia, MoCA, S&E, NMSS Hallucinations, HY, and PIGD motor phenotype were significantly associated with mortality. Adjusting for age, gender and disease duration, S&E remained significantly associated with mortality. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, death was significantly associated with disease duration, CCI and NMSS-mood/cognition scores. PD was not associated with an excess of mortality, but conferred a higher probability of dying from pneumonia. Comorbidity was a major determinant, but disease duration, baseline incapacity, cognition, psychosis, mood complaints and HRQL also contributed significantly to mortality.
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Constantinescu R, Rosengren L, Eriksson B, Blennow K, Axelsson M. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light and tau protein as mortality biomarkers in parkinsonism. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 140:147-156. [PMID: 31070772 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality is increased in parkinsonian disorders, moderately in Parkinson's disease (PD) but markedly in atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), including multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Still, there are no reliable quantitative biomarkers for mortality. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegeneration biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain (NF-L), total tau (t-tau), and the tau pathology marker phosphorylated tau (p-tau) are related to mortality in other neurological disorders (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease), but have not been investigated in this respect in parkinsonian disorders. AIMS To investigate the CSF biomarkers' (NF-L, t-tau, and p-tau) relationship to mortality in parkinsonian disorders. METHODS Demographic, mortality, and CSF data were collected from 68 PD and 83 APD patients. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox regression, with age at lumbar puncture, gender, diagnosis, and levels of CSF biomarkers as predictors. RESULTS NF-L in CSF was associated with increased mortality in synucleinopathies (PD, MSA; HR 3.698 [2.196-6.228, 95% confidence interval (CI)], P < 0.001), in PSP (HR 2.767 [1.126-6.802 95% CI], P = 0.027), and in the entire cohort (HR 1.661 [1.082-2.55, 95% CI], P = 0.02). t-Tau in CSF was associated with increased mortality in PSP (HR 9.587 [1.143-80.418], P = 0.037). p-Tau in CSF was associated with decreased mortality in synucleinopathies (HR 0.196 [0.041-0.929, 95% CI], P = 0.040). Atypical parkinsonian disorders and tauopathies were associated with higher mortality (HR 8.798 [4.516-17.14, 95% CI] and HR 3.040 [1.904-4.854], respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION NF-L and tau protein in CSF might be useful for mortality prognosis in patients with parkinsonian disorders and should be investigated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Constantinescu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Rosengren
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Barbro Eriksson
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Menezes-Rodrigues FS, Scorza CS, Fiorini AC, Caricati-Neto A, Scorza CA, Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Sudden unexpected death in Parkinson’s disease: why is drinking water important? Neurodegener Dis Manag 2019; 9:241-246. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies over the last few years have shown that PD is accompanied by high rates of premature death compared with healthy controls. Death in PD patients is usually caused by determinant factors such as pneumonia, and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. During recent years it has emerged that dehydration may also contribute to mortality in PD. Interestingly, it has been documented that a substantial proportion of patients with PD die suddenly (known as sudden and unexpected death in PD). In this article, we focus on the magnitude of the problem of sudden and unexpected death in PD, with special reference to the daily water consumption of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Menezes-Rodrigues
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristiane S Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
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Forsyth AL, Joshi RY, Canning CG, Allen NE, Paul SS. Flexed Posture in Parkinson Disease: Associations With Nonmotor Impairments and Activity Limitations. Phys Ther 2019; 99:893-903. [PMID: 30830153 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Parkinson disease (PD) are twice as likely to develop flexed truncal posture as the general older population. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible beyond associations with age, axial motor impairments, and disease severity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore: (1) the associations of the nonmotor impairments of PD with flexed posture, and (2) the relationships of flexed posture with activity limitations. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Seventy people with PD participated. Posture was measured in standing as the distance between the seventh cervical vertebra and a wall. Nonmotor impairments (cognition, depression, pain, fatigue, and proprioception) and activity performance (upper limb activity, bed transfers, respiratory function, and speech volume) were variously assessed using objective measures and self-report questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to ascertain relationships between nonmotor impairments and truncal posture, and between truncal posture and activities. RESULTS Greater disease severity, greater axial impairment, poorer spinal proprioception, greater postural fatigue, and male sex were significantly associated with flexed truncal posture. The multivariate model containing these factors in addition to age explained 30% of the variability in flexed truncal posture, with male sex and axial motor impairment continuing to make independent contributions. A significant association was found between greater flexed truncal posture and poorer upper limb activity performance and respiratory function. LIMITATIONS A limitation to this study was that participants had mild-to-moderate disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Spinal proprioception and postural fatigue were the only nonmotor impairments to make significant contributions to flexed posture. Given the negative influence of flexed posture on upper limb activity and respiratory function, interventions targeting spinal proprioception and postural awareness should be considered for people with PD who might develop flexed posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi L Forsyth
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney; and Lady Davidson Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Riddhi Y Joshi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen G Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie E Allen
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Serene S Paul
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2141, Australia
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Rodrigues LD, Oliveira LF, Shinoda L, Scorza CA, Faber J, Ferraz HB, Britto LRG, Scorza FA. Cardiovascular alterations in rats with Parkinsonism induced by 6-OHDA and treated with Domperidone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8965. [PMID: 31222185 PMCID: PMC6586896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After Alzheimer, Parkinson disease (PD) is the most frequently occurring progressive, degenerative neurological disease. It affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in a variable fashion. Cardiovascular symptoms are present in almost all stages of PD and narrower heart rate variability is the earliest sign. Administration of Levodopa to PD patients has proven to provide some degree of neurological protection. This drug, however, causes side effects including nausea and vomiting, lessened by the administration of domperidone. Autopsies in PD patients led some researchers to suggest the involvement of the ventricular arrhythmia induced by domperidone. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the adjusted human maximal dose of domperidone, on cardiological features of Wistar rats. domperidone was administered to both 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinsonism models and regular Wistar rats. Quantitative analysis of ranges of heart beat variation showed significant abnormal distribution in both groups receiving domperidone as compared with respective sham counterparts. However, qualitative analysis of Poincaré plots showed that 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinsonism models receiving domperidone had the narrowest full range of heart beat and the worst distribution heart beat ranges as compared with all study groups corroborating with previous suggestion that domperidone administration to PD patients is likely to play a role in sudden unexpected death in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís D Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro F Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Shinoda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Faber
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique B Ferraz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics -University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
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Templeman L, Roberts F. Effectiveness of expiratory muscle strength training on expiratory strength, pulmonary function and cough in the adult population: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2019; 106:43-51. [PMID: 32026845 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory muscle strength declines in certain disease states, leading to impaired cough, reduced airway clearance and an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. Respiratory muscle training may therefore reduce this risk. OBJECTIVES To assess current evidence of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on maximum expiratory pressure, cough flow and spirometry. DATA SOURCES Databases including CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct and PEDRo were searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials investigating expiratory muscle strength training on maximum expiratory pressure, pulmonary function or cough in any adult population, published before December 2017. STUDY APPRAISAL Data were extracted to a trial description form and study quality evaluated by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed with calculation of mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Nine studies met inclusion criteria and ranged in size from 12 to 42 participants. Trials investigated EMST in healthy adults (2), multiple sclerosis (3), COPD (2), acute stroke (1) and spinal cord injury (1). Overall, EMST improved maximum expiratory pressure (15.95cmH2O; 95% CI: 7.77 to 24.12; P<0.01) with no significant impact on cough flow (4.63L/minute; 95%CI -27.48 to 36.74; P=0.78), forced vital capacity (-0.16L; 95%CI -0.35 to 0.02; P=0.09) or forced expiratory volume in 1second (-0.09L; 95%CI -0.10 to -0.08; P<0.001) vs control or sham training. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis indicated a small significant increase in maximum expiratory pressure following EMST. Improvements in maximum expiratory pressure did not lead to improvements in cough or pulmonary function. LIMITATIONS Variations in protocol design and population limited the overall effect size. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42018104190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Templeman
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QG, United Kingdom; NHS Grampian, Physiotherapy Outpatient Department, Woodend Hospital, Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6XS, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona Roberts
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QG, United Kingdom
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Pinto C, Salazar AP, Marchese RR, Stein C, Pagnussat AS. The Effects of Hydrotherapy on Balance, Functional Mobility, Motor Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. PM R 2019; 11:278-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pinto
- Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Salazar
- Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ritchele R Marchese
- Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cinara Stein
- Health Sciences Graduate ProgramUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline S Pagnussat
- Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate ProgramUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
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50
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Woo Y, Hyun MK. Effectiveness of Integrative Therapy for Parkinson's Disease Management. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:40. [PMID: 30863304 PMCID: PMC6399136 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of integrative therapy on prevalence and length of hospitalization and management of major complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the South Korea. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in the South Korea. Patients over 65 years old who were newly diagnosed with PD during 2007–2011 were identified. The integrative therapy group was defined as patients treated with both Korean medicine (KM) and biomedicine, and the monotherapy group consisted of patients treated with biomedicine alone. From PD diagnosis to 2013, the prevalence and annual length of hospitalization because of PD and major complications (dementia, depression and pneumonia/sepsis) were analyzed using logistic regression, ANOVA and t-tests after propensity score (PS) matching with a 1:1 ratio. Results: After PS estimation and matching, the cohort used in the analysis included 228 subjects (114 integrative therapy group, 114 monotherapy group). Sex, age, index year, comorbidity, severity of disability, neurologic care, and anti-parkinsonism medication (levodopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, selegiline) were adjusted in both groups. The prevalence of hospitalization due to pneumonia/sepsis was 0.50 times (95% C.I.: 0.26–0.96) lower in the integrative therapy group than the monotherapy group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.038). The prevalence and annual length of total hospitalization and hospitalization because of PD, dementia, and depression in the integrative therapy group showed positive results compared to the monotherapy group, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: It has not been clearly identified that integrative therapy with KM and biomedicine for PD management is better treatment for patients compared to biomedicine monotherapy; however, we found a clue of better result in integrated therapy. Therefore, further investigation by increasing the number of subjects is needed to confirm the findings presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
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