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Ashrafi S, Alam S, Sultana A, Raj A, Emon NU, Richi FT, Sharmin T, Moon M, Park MN, Kim B. Papaverine: A Miraculous Alkaloid from Opium and Its Multimedicinal Application. Molecules 2023; 28:3149. [PMID: 37049912 PMCID: PMC10095881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological actions of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are quite substantial, and have recently attracted much attention. One of the principle benzylisoquinoline alkaloids has been found in the unripe seed capsules of Papaver somniferum L. Although it lacks analgesic effects and is unrelated to the compounds in the morphine class, it is a peripheral vasodilator and has a direct effect on vessels. It is reported to inhibit the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase in smooth muscles, and it has been observed to increase intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. It induces coronary, cerebral, and pulmonary artery dilatation and helps to lower cerebral vascular resistance and enhance cerebral blood flow. Current pharmacological research has revealed that papaverine demonstrates a variety of biological activities, including activity against erectile dysfunction, postoperative vasospasms, and pulmonary vasoconstriction, as well as antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and gestational actions. It was recently demonstrated that papaverine has the potential to control SARS-CoV-2 by preventing its cytopathic effect. These experiments were carried out both in vitro and in vivo and require an extensive understanding of the mechanisms of action. With its multiple mechanisms, papaverine can be considered as a natural compound that is used to develop therapeutic drugs. To validate its applications, additional research is required into its precise therapeutic mechanisms as well as its acute and chronic toxicities. Therefore, the goal of this review is to discuss the major studies and reported clinical studies looking into the pharmacological effects of papaverine and the mechanisms of action underneath these effects. Additionally, it is recommended to conduct further research via significant pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Arifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Asef Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Akram F, Waheed HM, Shah FI, Haq IU, Nasir N, Akhtar MT, Farooq Gohar U. Burgeoning therapeutic strategies to curb the contemporary surging viral infections. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106088. [PMID: 37004965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts and initiatives were already made in the health care systems, however in the last few years; our world is facing emergences of viral infections which potentially leading to considerable challenges in terms of higher morbidity, mortality, increased and considerable financial loads on the affected populations. Over ten major epidemics or pandemics have been recorded in the twenty-first century, the ongoing coronavirus pandemic being one of them. Viruses being distinct obligate pathogens largely dependent on living beings are considered as one of the prominent causes of death globally. Although effective vaccines and antivirals have led to the eradication of imperative viral pathogens, the emergences of new viral infections as well as novel drug-resistant strains have necessitated the implementation of ingenious and efficient therapeutic approaches to treat viral outbreaks in the future. Nature being a constant source of tremendous therapeutical resources has inspired us to develop multi-target antiviral drugs, overcoming the challenges and limitations faced by pharmaceutical industry. Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of viral reproduction have laid the groundwork for potential treatment approaches including antiviral gene therapy relying on the application of precisely engineered nucleic acids for disabling pathogen replication. The development of RNA interference and advancements in genome manipulating tools have proven to be especially significant in this regard. In this review, we discussed mode of actions and pathophysiological events associated with the viral infections; followed by distributions, and advancement made towards the detection strategies for timely diagnosis. In the later section, current approaches to cope up the viral pathogens and their key limitations have also been elaborated. Lastly, we also explored some novel and potential targets to treat such infections, where attentions were made on next generation gene editing technologies.
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3
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Mboumba Bouassa RS, Gombert B, Mwande-Maguene G, Mannarini A, Bélec L. In vitro inhibitory activity against HPV of the monoterpenoid zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07232. [PMID: 34159277 PMCID: PMC8203719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate (or drug "C14") is a synthetic monoterpenoid derivative that has potent anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral properties of C14 against human papillomavirus (HPV). Inhibition assay of HPV-16-pseudovirus (PsVs) adsorption on COS-7 cells by C14 was used. C14 inhibited HPV-16-PsVs adsorption with IC50 ranging between 2.9 and 8.3 μM and therapeutic indexes between >410 to >3,300. Pretreatment of COS-7 cells with C14 before addition of HPV-16-PsV was associated with more potent anti-HPV activity than simultaneous deposition on COS-7 of HPV-16-PsV and C14, suggesting that C14 is more effective in preventing HPV attachment to target cells than post-HPV adsorption viral events. Overall, these in vitro studies suggest that the monoterpenoid zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate molecule may be suitable for further clinical evaluations as potential microbicide or therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Infectiologie Tropicale de Franceville, BP: 246, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Gabin Mwande-Maguene
- Faculté de Sciences, Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP: 901, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
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4
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Shoaib A, Azmi L, Shukla I, Alqahtani SS, Alsarra IA, Shakeel F. Properties of Ethnomedicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds: Possible Use for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1579-1587. [PMID: 33155905 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201106092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the global scenario. To date, there are no treatment or preventive options. The discovery of a new drug will take time. In addition, the new drug will have side effects, and the virus will gradually become resistant to it. Therefore, it is important to search for a drug with a natural origin. OBJECTIVE In this review, we analyzed and summarized various ethnomedicinal plants and their bioactive compounds as a source of antiviral agents for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS From the literature, we selected different natural compounds that can act as potential targets at low cost with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. RESULTS Of the 200 Chinese herbal extracts tested for their possible role against SARS-CoV, Lycoris radiata, Artemisia annua, Pyrrosia lingua, and Lindera aggregate showed anti-SARS-CoV effects with the median effective concentration = 2.4-88.2 μg/mL. CONCLUSION Ethnomedicinal herbs can be used as an alternative source of novel, promising antiviral agents that might directly or indirectly inhibit the COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Azmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ila Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, Jivika College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alsarra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Wu HF, Morris-Natschke SL, Xu XD, Yang MH, Cheng YY, Yu SS, Lee KH. Recent advances in natural anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2339-2385. [PMID: 32666531 DOI: 10.1002/med.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009-2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti-HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure-activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Wu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Kaur R, Sharma P, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar D. Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E2070. [PMID: 32365518 PMCID: PMC7249135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Girish K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot 145001, India;
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
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7
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Mohammadi Pour P, Fakhri S, Asgary S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. The Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Targets of Antiviral Agents: Focusing on the Antiviral Approaches and Clinical Perspectives of Anthocyanins in the Management of Viral Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1207. [PMID: 31787892 PMCID: PMC6856223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of death worldwide, viruses significantly affect global health. Despite the rapid progress in human healthcare, there are few viricidal and antiviral therapies that are efficient enough. The rapid emergence of resistance, and high costs, as well as the related side effects of synthetic antiviral drugs, raise the need to identify novel, effective, and safe alternatives against viral diseases. Nature has been of the most exceptional help and source of inspiration for developing novel multi-target antiviral compounds, affecting several steps of the viral life cycle and host proteins. For that matter and due to safety and efficacy limitations, as well as high resistance rate of conventional therapies, hundreds of natural molecules are preferred over the synthetic drugs. Besides, natural antiviral agents have shown acceptable antiviral value in both preclinical and clinical trials.This is the first review regarding molecular and cellular pathways of the virus life cycle, treatment strategies, and therapeutic targets of several viral diseases with a particular focus on anthocyanins as promising natural compounds for significant antiviral enhancements. Clinical applications and the need to develop nano-formulation of anthocyanins in drug delivery systems are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Laila U, Akram M, Shariati MA, Hashmi AM, Akhtar N, Tahir IM, Ghauri AO, Munir N, Riaz M, Akhter N, Shaheen G, Ullah Q, Zahid R, Ahmad S. Role of medicinal plants in HIV/AIDS therapy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1063-1073. [PMID: 31365763 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the potentially life-threatening and chronic disease called acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The main target of this viral disease is to suppress the immune system and make the body unresponsive to external stimuli. According to global health observatory data since epidemic, more than 78 million people were affected by HIV and 39 million people died globally. Until 2017, 36.5 million people were living with HIV. An estimated 0.8% (0.6%-0.9%) of adults aged 15-49 years worldwide is living with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the African region remains most severely affected, with nearly one in every 25 adults (4.1%) living with HIV and accounting for nearly two-thirds of the people living with HIV worldwide. WHO reported that globally only 21.7 million (19.1 million-22.6 million) people have had access to antiretroviral therapy up to 2017. Currently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is available for the control of HIV but has serious associated side effects such as lipodystrophy. Because of the limitations, associated with ART, researchers throughout the world are trying to explore and develop more reliable and safe drugs from natural resources to manage HIV infection. A wide range of medicinal plants have been studied and have reported significant potential against HIV. Plants like Rheum palmatum L., Rheum officinale, Trigonostem axyphophylloides, Vatica astrotricha, Vernonia amygdalina, Hypoxias pelargonium, Sidoides hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens etc. have high efficacy to cure HIV. The exact mechanism of action is still not known but various phytoconstituents isolated from medicinal plants such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins, proteins and coumarins have the potential to interrupt the life cycle of HIV as well as act as immunomodulators to enhance the immune system of infected patients with no well reported side effects. It could be concluded that medicinal plants have potential for the management of HIV/AIDS but more studies are needed to reveal rigorous efficacy and safety concerns by conducting clinical trials at vast level to explore therapeutic impact of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Laila
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Asif Mehmmod Hashmi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Owais Ghauri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rayaz College of Eastern Medicine, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Ullah
- Live Stock and Dairy Development Department (Research), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zahid
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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9
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Wu H, Ma G, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Huang L, Tian Y, Yang X, Zhang M, Chen CH, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang M, Xu X, Lee KH. Discovery and synthesis of novel beesioside I derivatives with potent anti-HIV activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:159-166. [PMID: 30703659 PMCID: PMC6464118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 12 known cycloartane triterpenoids (1-12) with four different skeletons isolated from the roots of Souliea vaginata were screened for the first time for in vitro anti-HIV activity using AZT as a standard. Among the compounds, beesioside I (1) showed the highest potency against HIV-1NL4-3 with an EC50 value of 2.32 μM (CC50 > 40 μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on 1 indicated that simple modification of its aglycone (13) could significantly influence the antiviral activity. Particularly, the introduction of an acyl group at the C-3 position of 13 led to significant improvement in both anti-HIV potency and selectivity index. Among all synthetically modified derivatives, compound 13g was the most potent compound with an EC50 value of 0.025 μM and TI value greater than 800, comparable to those of 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid (DSB, bevirimat). Other analogues exhibited strong to weak inhibition of HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells. The length, carboxylic terminus, and C-3' dimethyl substitution of the C-3 side chain substantially affected the anti-HIV activity. Finally, compound 13g was an effective agent against HIV with high potential for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Qinwen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yindi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Surgical Oncology Research Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Menghan Zhang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Oncology Research Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Meihua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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10
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Sanna C, Scognamiglio M, Fiorentino A, Corona A, Graziani V, Caredda A, Cortis P, Montisci M, Ceresola ER, Canducci F, Poli F, Tramontano E, Esposito F. Prenylated phloroglucinols from Hypericum scruglii, an endemic species of Sardinia (Italy), as new dual HIV-1 inhibitors effective on HIV-1 replication. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195168. [PMID: 29601601 PMCID: PMC5877874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a search for new potential multitarget anti-HIV compounds from natural products, we have identified in Hypericum scruglii, an endemic and exclusive species of Sardinia (Italy), a potent plant lead. The phytochemical study of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from its leaves led to the isolation of its most abundant secondary metabolites, belonging to different chemical classes. In particular, three phloroglucinols derivatives were identified, confirming their significance as chemotaxonomic markers of the Hypericum genus. Among them, the 3-(13-hydroxygeranyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)phloroglucinol was reported here for the first time. All six isolated compounds have been evaluated firstly for the inhibition of both Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated DNA Polymerase (RDDP) and Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities, for the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (IN) in biochemical assays, and also for their effect on viral replication. Among the isolated metabolites, three phloroglucinol derivatives and quercitrin were effective on both RT-associated RDDP and RNase H activities in biochemical assays. The same active compounds affected also HIV-1 IN strand transfer function, suggesting the involvement of the RNase H active site. Furthermore, phloroglucinols compounds, included the newly identified compound, were able to inhibit the HIV-1 replication in cell based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Graziani
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cortis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariofilippo Montisci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Rita Ceresola
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, San Raffaele Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Mishra SK, Tripathi G, Kishore N, Singh RK, Singh A, Tiwari VK. Drug development against tuberculosis: Impact of alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Han YS, Xiao WL, Xu H, Kramer VG, Quan Y, Mesplède T, Oliveira M, Colby-Germinario SP, Sun HD, Wainberg MA. Identification of a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan as a HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:28-38. [PMID: 26149264 DOI: 10.1177/2040206614566580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to resistance to all classes of anti-HIV drugs and drug toxicity, there is a need for the discovery and development of new anti-HIV drugs. METHODS HIV-1 inhibitors were identified and biologically characterized for mechanism of action. RESULTS We identified a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, termed HDS2 that possessed anti-HIV activity against a wide variety of viral strains with EC50 values in the 1-3 µM range. HDS2 was shown to act as an NNRTI by qPCR and in vitro enzyme assays. CONCLUSIONS This compound provides a new scaffold for further optimization of activity through structure-guided design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor G Kramer
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maureen Oliveira
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan P Colby-Germinario
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Characteristics of Herb-Derived Khellactone Derivatives, A Class of Anti-HIV and Anti-Hypertensive: A Review. Molecules 2016; 21:314. [PMID: 27005602 PMCID: PMC6273974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast number of structural modifications have been performed for khellactone derivatives (KDs) that have been widely concerned owing to their diverse biological properties, including anti-hypertension, anti-HIV, reversing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance, and anti-inflammation effects, to find the most active entity. However, extensive metabolism of KDs results in poor oral bioavailability, thus hindering the clinical trial performance of those components. The primary metabolic pathways have been revealed as hydrolysis, oxidation, acyl migration, and glucuronidation, while carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450 3A (CPY3A), as well as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) primarily mediate these metabolic pathways. Attention was mainly paid to the pharmacological features, therapeutic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of KDs in previous reviews, whereas their pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics have seldom been discussed. In the present review, KDs' metabolism and their pharmacokinetic properties are summarized. In addition, the structure-metabolism relationships of KDs and the potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) induced by KDs were also extensively discussed. The polarity, the acyl groups substituted at C-3' and C-4' positions, the configuration of C-3' and C-4', and the moieties substituted at C-3 and C-4 positions play the determinant roles for the metabolic profiles of KDs. Contributions from CYP3A4, UGT1A1, P-gp, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 have been disclosed to be primary for the potential DDIs. The review is expected to provide meaningful information and helpful guidelines for the further development of KDs.
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14
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Kuczynska K, Cmoch P, Rárová L, Oklešťková J, Korda A, Pakulski Z, Strnad M. Influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on regioselectivity of glycosylation. Synthesis of lupane-type saponins bearing the OSW-1 saponin disaccharide unit and its isomers. Carbohydr Res 2016; 423:49-69. [PMID: 26878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of lupane-type saponins bearing OSW-1 disaccharide unit as well as its regio- and stereoisomers were prepared and used for the structure-activity relationships (SAR) study. Unexpected preference for 1→4-linked regioisomers and an unusual inversion of the conformation of the sugar rings were noted. Cytotoxic activity of new lupane compounds was evaluated in vitro and revealed that some saponins exhibited an interesting bioactivity profile against human cancer cell lines. Influence of the protecting groups on the cytotoxicity was investigated. These results open the way to the synthesis of various lupane-type triterpene and saponin derivatives as potential anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kuczynska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklešťková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Korda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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15
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Liu Q, Guo T, Li F, Li D. Concise synthesis of a new triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana and its derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The natural triterpenoid saponin 1 and its derivatives 2–3 were synthesized and exhibited potent inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Fahui Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Weifang University
- Weifang
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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16
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Kuczynska K, Pakulski Z. Synthesis of lupane saponins from acetylated glycosyl donors by acetonitrile directed glycosylation. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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From the traditional Chinese medicine plant Schisandra chinensis new scaffolds effective on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resistant to non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Microbiol 2015; 53:288-93. [PMID: 25740376 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-4652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is still an extremely attractive pharmaceutical target for the identification of new inhibitors possibly active on drug resistant strains. Medicinal plants are a rich source of chemical diversity and can be used to identify novel scaffolds to be further developed by chemical modifications. We investigated the ability of the main lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits, commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, to affect HIV-1 RT functions. We purified 6 lignans from Schisandra chinensis fruits and assayed their effects on HIV-1 RT and viral replication. Among the S. chinensis fruit lignans, Schisandrin B and Deoxyschizandrin selectively inhibited the HIV-1 RT-associated DNA polymerase activity. Structure activity relationship revealed the importance of cyclooctadiene ring substituents for efficacy. In addition, Schisandrin B was also able to impair HIV-1 RT drug resistant mutants and the early phases of viral replication. We identified Schisandrin B and Deoxyschizandrin as new scaffold for the further development of novel HIV-1 RT inhibitors.
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18
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Liu CP, Xu JB, Han YS, Wainberg MA, Yue JM. Trichiconins A–C, Limonoids with New Carbon Skeletons from Trichilia connaroides. Org Lett 2014; 16:5478-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5027552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Biao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Shan Han
- McGill University Aids Centre, The Lady Davis Institute
for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University Aids Centre, The Lady Davis Institute
for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Xu JB, Zhang H, Gan LS, Han YS, Wainberg MA, Yue JM. Logeracemin A, an Anti-HIV Daphniphyllum Alkaloid Dimer with a New Carbon Skeleton from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7631-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503995b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-She Gan
- Institute
of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Shan Han
- McGill
University Aids Centre, The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill
University Aids Centre, The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Cmoch P, Korda A, Rárová L, Oklešt'ková J, Strnad M, Gwardiak K, Karczewski R, Pakulski Z. Synthesis of Lupane-Type Saponins Containing an Unusual α-D-Idopyranoside Fragment as Potent Cytotoxic Agents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of cytotoxic lupane-type 3β-O-monodesmosidic saponins with an extended C-28 side chain. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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23
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Bibila Mayaya Bisseyou Y, Abou A, Djandé A, Danger G, Kakou-Yao R. 2-Oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl propionate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o1125-6. [PMID: 24046679 PMCID: PMC3770394 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813016358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C12H10O4, the atoms of the 2-oxo-2H-chromene ring system and the non-H atoms of the 4-substituent all lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. The molecular structure exhibits an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, molecules form R32(12) trimeric units via C—H⋯O interactions which propagate into layers parallel to the ac plane. These layers are linked by weak C—H⋯O interactions along the [010] direction, generating a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon Bibila Mayaya Bisseyou
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Physique Moléculaire, UFR SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
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Ding C, Zhang Y, Chen H, Yang Z, Wild C, Chu L, Liu H, Shen Q, Zhou J. Novel nitrogen-enriched oridonin analogues with thiazole-fused A-ring: protecting group-free synthesis, enhanced anticancer profile, and improved aqueous solubility. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5048-58. [PMID: 23746196 PMCID: PMC3712786 DOI: 10.1021/jm400367n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin (1), a complex ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Isodon rubescens , has demonstrated great potential in the treatment of various human cancers due to its unique and safe anticancer pharmacological profile. Nevertheless, the clinical development of oridonin for cancer therapy has been hampered by its relatively moderate potency, limited aqueous solubility, and poor bioavailability. Herein, we report the concise synthesis of a series of novel nitrogen-enriched oridonin derivatives with thiazole-fused A-ring through an efficient protecting group-free synthetic strategy. Most of them, including compounds 7-11, 13, and 14, exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer cells with low micromolar to submicromolar IC50 values as well as markedly enhanced aqueous solubility. These new analogues obtained by rationally modifying the natural product have been demonstrated not only to significantly induce the apoptosis and suppress growth of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo but also effective against drug-resistant ER-positive MCF-7 clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Ding
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Haijun Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Zhengduo Yang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Christopher Wild
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Lili Chu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Huiling Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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26
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Yang J, Li L, Jin H, Tan S, Qiu J, Yang L, Ding Y, Jiang ZH, Jiang S, Liu S. Vaginal gel formulation based on theaflavin derivatives as a microbicide to prevent HIV sexual transmission. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1498-508. [PMID: 22867271 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a commercially available natural product preparation with high content (>90%) of theaflavin derivatives (TFmix) exhibited potent anti-HIV activities. Here we developed a TFmix gel formulation as a topical microbicide candidate. The effect of TFmix on the amyloid fibril formation of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) peptide was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of the TFmix gel was evaluated using human vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines and rabbit vaginal irritation models, respectively. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and GM-CSF) in cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were measured by ELISA kits. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was performed to evaluate inflammation in the vaginal tissues. TFmix gel could degrade SEVI-specific amyloid fibrils and showed low cytotoxicity to epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract. No apparent cervicovaginal toxicity was observed at any time point evaluated following the intravaginal administration of TFmix gel to rabbits, whereas application of N-9 gel resulted in damage to the vaginal epithelium. Neither proinflammatory nor immunoregulatory cytokine production was triggered by TFmix gel. Only low expression of PCNA was observed in vaginal tissues of TFmix gel-treated rabbits. The concentration of TFmix in plasma was very low (below the lower limit of quantitation) 1 h after a single vaginal administration of TFmix gel. However, TFmix was still detected in the cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) 6 h after treatment, indicating that it could be retained in the vaginal cavity for a long period of time. With its potent anti-HIV-1 activity, marked stability at acidic condition, low mucosal toxicity, and lack of systemic absorption, TFmix gel can be considered as an inexpensive and safe microbicide candidate for the prevention of HIV sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Seniya C, Yadav A, Uchadia K, Kumar S, Sagar N, Shrivastava P, Shrivastava S, Wadhwa G. Molecular docking of (5E)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(2- thienylmethylene)-1, 3-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: novel drug acting on enzyme. Bioinformation 2012; 8:678-83. [PMID: 23055609 PMCID: PMC3449371 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and animal models in last 31 years suggested that it is a causative agent of AIDS. This causes serious pandemic public health concern globally. It was reported that the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) played a critical role in the life cycle of HIV. Therefore, inhibition of HIV-1RT enzyme is one of the major and potential targets in the treatment of AIDS. The enzyme (HIV-1RT) was successfully targeted by non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). But frequent application of NNRTIs led drug resistance mutation on HIV infections. Therefore, there is a need to search new NNRTIs with appropriate pharmacophores. For the purpose, a virtually screened 3D model of unliganded HIV-1RT (1DLO) was explored. The unliganded HIV-1RT (1DLO) was docked with 4-thiazolidinone and its derivatives (ChemBank Database) by using AutoDock4. The best seven docking solutions complex were selected and analyzed by Ligplot. The analysis showed that derivative (5E)-3-(2- aminoethyl)-5-(2- thienylmethylene)-1, 3-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (CID 3087795) has maximum potential against unliganded HIV-1RT (1DLO). The analysis was done on the basis of scoring and binding ability. The derivative (5E)-3-(2- aminoethyl)-5-(2- thienylmethylene)-1, 3-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (CID 3087795) indicated minimum energy score and highest number of interactions with active site residue and could be a promising inhibitor for HIV-1 RT as Drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Seniya
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior – 474005, M. P., India
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior – 474005, M. P., India
| | - Kuldeep Uchadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior – 474005, M. P., India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Headquarter Lumami, Nagaland- 798601, India
| | - Nitin Sagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076
| | - Priyanka Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior – 474005, M. P., India
| | - Shilpi Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior – 474005, M. P., India
| | - Gulshan Wadhwa
- Apex Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, CGO complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003, India
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Leteane MM, Ngwenya BN, Muzila M, Namushe A, Mwinga J, Musonda R, Moyo S, Mengestu YB, Abegaz BM, Andrae-Marobela K. Old plants newly discovered: Cassia sieberiana D.C. and Cassia abbreviata Oliv. Oliv. root extracts inhibit in vitro HIV-1c replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by different modes of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:48-56. [PMID: 22326358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Despite advances in anti-retroviral therapy which has transformed HIV/AIDS from a fatal to a manageable chronic disease, increasing viral drug resistance, side effects and uneven access to anti-retroviral drugs remain considerable therapeutic challenges. Partly as a consequence of these shortcomings and partly based on the fact that HIV/AIDS gives rise to opportunistic infections whose symptoms have been managed in Africa in an HIV/AIDS-independent context by traditional healers for centuries, many HIV/AIDS patients use herbal medicines. The aim of this study was to screen selected medicinal plants from Botswana, used by traditional healers to treat/manage HIV/AIDS, for inhibitory activities on HIV replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on an ethnomedical survey, ethanolic tannin-containing and tannin-free extracts from 10 medicinal plants were tested for inhibitory properties against a clone of HIV-1c (MJ(4)) measuring cytopathic effect protection and levels of viral p24 antigen in infected PBMCs. RESULTS Cassia sieberiana D.C., Cassia abbreviata Oliv. Oliv. and Plumbago zeylanica L. extracts showed significant inhibition of HIV-1c (MJ(4)) replication. The inhibitory activity of the Plumbago zeylanica extract could be attributed to its tannin content. Anti-HIV activity of Cassia sieberiana root and bark extracts, and Cassia abbreviata root extracts occurred in a concentration-dependent manner with an effective concentration (EC(50)) of 65.1μg/ml, 85.3μg/ml and 102.8μg/ml, respectively. Experiments to elucidate possible mechanism(s) of action revealed that Cassia sieberiana root and bark extracts blocked HIV replication at its binding- (EC(50)=70.2μg/ml and 90.8μg/ml, respectively) and entry stage (EC(50)=88.9μg/ml and 100.5μg/ml, respectively) while Cassia abbreviata extracts did not. CONCLUSIONS We report here for the first time a direct inhibitory effect on HIV-1c replication of extracts from two extremely popular medicinal plants, Cassia sieberiana and Cassia abbreviata. Considering the traditional uses of both Cassia species, our findings strongly suggest pilot clinical observational studies involving traditional healers to further evaluate the therapeutic potential of the Cassia extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin M Leteane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Vidal V, Potterat O, Louvel S, Hamy F, Mojarrab M, Sanglier JJ, Klimkait T, Hamburger M. Library-based discovery and characterization of daphnane diterpenes as potent and selective HIV inhibitors in Daphne gnidium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:414-419. [PMID: 22148316 DOI: 10.1021/np200855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of an extended armamentarium of effective synthetic drugs to treat HIV, there is a continuing need for new potent and affordable drugs. Given the successful history of natural product based drug discovery, a library of close to one thousand plant and fungal extracts was screened for antiretroviral activity. A dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Daphne gnidium exhibited strong antiretroviral activity and absence of cytotoxicity. With the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling, the antiviral activity could be tracked to four daphnane derivatives, namely, daphnetoxin (1), gnidicin (2), gniditrin (3), and excoecariatoxin (4). Detailed anti-HIV profiling revealed that the pure compounds were active against multidrug-resistant viruses irrespective of their cellular tropism. Mode of action studies that narrowed the site of activity to viral entry events suggested a direct interference with the expression of the two main HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, at the cell surface by daphnetoxin (1).
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Yang J, Li L, Tan S, Jin H, Qiu J, Mao Q, Li R, Xia C, Jiang ZH, Jiang S, Liu S. A natural theaflavins preparation inhibits HIV-1 infection by targeting the entry step: potential applications for preventing HIV-1 infection. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:348-55. [PMID: 22155187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins are the major components of tea polyphenols in brewed black tea. We previously reported that theaflavin derivatives, such as TF3, inhibited HIV-1 entry by targeting gp41. However, it is difficult to purify the individual theaflavins and the purified compounds are highly unstable. To develop theaflavins as affordable anti-HIV-1 microbide for preventing HIV sexual transmission, we intended to use an economic natural preparation containing 90% of theaflavins (TFmix). Its antiviral activity against HIV-1 strains was evaluated in vitro using p24 production and luciferase assays. The mechanism by which TFmix inhibits HIV-1 infection was investigated using time-of-addition, cell-cell fusion and biophysical assays. The data suggested TFmix exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity on lab-adapted and primary HIV-1 strains with IC(50) less than 1.20 μM. It also effectively inhibited infection by T-20 resistant HIV-1 strains. The mechanism studies suggest that TFmix mainly inhibit the HIV-1 entry by targeting gp41 since it is effective in inhibiting gp41 six-helix bundle (6-HB) formation and HIV-1 envelope protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. TFmix could also inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, but the IC(50) is about 8-fold higher than that for inhibiting gp41 6-HB formation, suggesting RT is not a major target for TFmix. In conclusion, TFmix is an economic natural product preparation containing high content of theaflavins with potent anti-HIV-1 activity by targeting the viral entry step through the disruption of gp41 6-HB core structure. It has a potential to be developed as a safe and affordable topical microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Asakura N, Fujimoto S, Michihata N, Nishii K, Imagawa H, Yamada H. Synthesis of Chiral and Modifiable Hexahydroxydiphenoyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9711-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Asakura
- School of
Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337,
Japan
| | - Shohei Fujimoto
- School of
Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337,
Japan
| | - Naoki Michihata
- School of
Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337,
Japan
| | - Kentaro Nishii
- School of
Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180
Nishihamaboji, Yamashiro-cho,
Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamada
- School of
Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337,
Japan
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Hong KJ, Lee HS, Kim YS, Kim SS. Ingenol Protects Human T Cells From HIV-1 Infection. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011; 2:109-14. [PMID: 24159460 PMCID: PMC3766915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Many natural compounds have been investigated as drug candidates to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with low cytotoxicity. We tested whether ingenol from Euphorbia ingens exerts anti-HIV effects in human T cell lines. Methods and Results Ingenol effectively maintained high cell viability (CD50, >1 mM) in H9 and MT4 T cells. The efficacy of ingenol to inhibit HIV-1 infection was dose dependent. ED50 for 100 and 200 TCID50 of HIV-1 was 5.06 and 16.87 μM, respectively. Gag p24 antigen production in ingenol-treated MT4 cells was reduced by 24.5% on day 6 post-infection. While p24 antigen was reduced in ingenol-treated cells, levels of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-1 were increased. dUTP level related to late apoptotic events was increased on day 2 post-infection of HIV by ingenol treatment, whereas expression of annexin V was unchanged. Reduced levels of iNOS and ZAP-70 after HIV infection were recovered by ingenol treatment. Conclusion Ingenol helps T cells to survive longer against viremia after HIV-1 infection, without exerting cytotoxic effects. Ingenol can be considered a safe and efficacious candidate for immune-boosting therapy for AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Jong Hong
- Division of AIDS, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Hak Sung Lee
- Division of AIDS, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-shik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Division of AIDS, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Rodríguez-Díaz M, Delporte C, Cartagena C, Cassels BK, González P, Silva X, León F, Wessjohann LA. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of quillaic acid from Quillaja saponaria Mol. and some derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:718-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Quillaic acid is the major aglycone of the widely studied saponins of the Chilean indigenous tree Quillaja saponaria Mol. The industrial availability of quillaja saponins and the extensive functionalisation of this triterpenoid provide unique opportunities for structural modification and pose a challenge from the standpoint of selectivity in regard to one or the other secondary alcohol group, the aldehyde, and the carboxylic acid functions. The anti-inflammatory activity of this sapogenin has not been studied previously and it has never been used to obtain potential anti-inflammatory derivatives.
Methods
A series of quillaic acid derivatives were prepared and subjected to topical assays for the inhibition of inflammation induced by arachidonic acid or phorbol ester.
Key findings
Quillaic acid exhibited strong topical anti-inflammatory activity in both models. Most of its derivatives were less potent, but the hydrazone 8 showed similar potency to quillaic acid in the TPA assay.
Conclusions
The structural modifications performed and the biological results suggest that the aldehyde and carboxyl groups are relevant to the anti-inflammatory activity in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maité Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla, Chile
| | - Carla Delporte
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla, Chile
| | - Carlos Cartagena
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla, Chile
- Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ximena Silva
- Public Health Institute, Marathon, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fredy León
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg, Halle, Germany
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Sabde S, Bodiwala HS, Karmase A, Deshpande PJ, Kaur A, Ahmed N, Chauthe SK, Brahmbhatt KG, Phadke RU, Mitra D, Bhutani KK, Singh IP. Anti-HIV activity of Indian medicinal plants. J Nat Med 2011; 65:662-9. [PMID: 21365365 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients face great socio-economic difficulties in obtaining treatment. There is an urgent need for new, safe, and cheap anti-HIV agents. Traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source of novel anti-HIV agents and may offer alternatives to expensive medicines in future. Various medicinal plants or plant-derived natural products have shown strong anti-HIV activity and are under various stages of clinical development in different parts of the world. The present study was directed towards assessment of anti-HIV activity of various extracts prepared from Indian medicinal plants. The plants were chosen on the basis of similarity of chemical constituents with reported anti-HIV compounds or on the basis of their traditional usage as immunomodulators. Different extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid partitioning. Ninety-two extracts were prepared from 23 plants. Anti-HIV activity was measured in a human CD4+ T-cell line, CEM-GFP cells infected with HIV-1NL4.3. Nine extracts of 8 different plants significantly reduced viral production in CEM-GFP cells infected with HIV-1NL4.3. Aegle marmelos, Argemone mexicana, Asparagus racemosus, Coleus forskohlii, and Rubia cordifolia demonstrated promising anti-HIV potential and were investigated for their active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Xu SQ, Yan X, Chen Y, Xia P, Qian K, Yu D, Xia Y, Yang ZY, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Anti-AIDS agents 84. Synthesis and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of 2'-monomethyl-4-methyl- and 1'-thia-4-methyl-(3'R,4'R)-3',4'-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7203-11. [PMID: 20846868 PMCID: PMC2949462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing investigation into the pharmacophores and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of (3'R,4'R)-3',4'-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) as a potent anti-HIV agent, 2'-monomethyl substituted 1'-oxa, 1'-thia, 1'-sulfoxide, and 1'-sulfone analogs were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication in H9 lymphocytes. Among them, 2'S-monomethyl-4-methyl DCK (5a)(‡) and 2'S-monomethyl-1'-thia-4-methyl DCK (7a) exhibited potent anti-HIV activity with EC(50) values of 40.2 and 39.1 nM and remarkable therapeutic indexes of 705 and 1000, respectively, which were better than those of the lead compound DCK in the same assay. In contrast, the corresponding isomeric 2'R-monomethyl-4-methyl DCK (6) and 2'R-monomethyl-1'-thia-4-methyl DCK (8) showed much weaker inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the bioassay results suggest that the spatial orientation of the 2'-methyl group in DCK analogs can have important effects on anti-HIV activity of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Donglei Yu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Yi Xia
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Zheng-Yu Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Brahmbhatt KG, Ahmed N, Sabde S, Mitra D, Singh IP, Bhutani KK. Synthesis and evaluation of β-carboline derivatives as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4416-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xiong J, Kashiwada Y, Chen CH, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Takaishi Y. Conjugates of betulin derivatives with AZT as potent anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6451-69. [PMID: 20673723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen novel conjugates of 3,28-di-O-acylbetulins with AZT were prepared as anti-HIV agents, based on our previously reported potent anti-HIV triterpene leads, including 3-O-acyl and 3,28-di-O-acylbetulins. Nine of the conjugates (49-53, 55, 56, 59, and 60) exhibited potent anti-HIV activity at the submicromolar level, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.040 to 0.098muM in HIV-1(NL4-3) infected MT-4 cells. These compounds were equipotent or more potent than 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)betulinic acid (2), which is currently in Phase IIb anti-AIDS clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Pandey MK, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Betulinic acid suppresses STAT3 activation pathway through induction of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in human multiple myeloma cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:282-92. [PMID: 19937797 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 activation has been associated with survival, proliferation and invasion of various human cancers. Whether betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, can modulate the STAT3 pathway, was investigated in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We found that betulinic acid inhibited constitutive activation of STAT3, Src kinase, JAK1 and JAK2. Pervanadate reversed the betulinic acid-induced downregulation of STAT3 activation, suggesting the involvement of a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Furthermore, betulinic acid induced the expression of the PTP SHP-1 and silencing of the SHP-1 gene abolished the ability of betulinic acid to inhibit STAT3 activation and rescued betulinic acid-induced cell death. Betulinic acid also downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated gene products such as bcl-xL, bcl-2, cyclin D1 and survivin. This correlated with an increase in apoptosis as indicated by an increase in the sub-G1 cell population and an increase in caspase-3-induced PARP cleavage. Consistent with these results, overexpression of constitutive active STAT3 significantly reduced the betulinic acid-induced apoptosis. Betulinic acid also enhanced the apoptosis induced by thalidomide (from 10 to 55%) and bortezomib (from 5 to 70%) in MM cells. Overall, our results suggest that betulinic acid downregulates STAT3 activation through upregulation of SHP-1, and this may have potential in sensitization of STAT3 overexpressing tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lee KH. Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:500-16. [PMID: 20187635 PMCID: PMC2893734 DOI: 10.1021/np900821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have long been an excellent source of pharmaceutical agents. Accordingly, the long-term objectives of the author's research program are to discover and design new chemotherapeutic agents based on plant-derived compound leads by using a medicinal chemistry approach, which is a combination of chemistry and biology. Different examples of promising bioactive natural products and their synthetic analogues, including sesquiterpene lactones, quassinoids, naphthoquinones, phenylquinolones, dithiophenediones, neo-tanshinlactone, tylophorine, suksdorfin, DCK, and DCP, will be presented with respect to their discovery and preclinical development as potential clinical trial candidates. Research approaches include bioactivity- or mechanism of action-directed isolation and characterization of active compounds, rational drug design-based modification and analogue synthesis, and structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action studies. Current clinical trial agents discovered by the Natural Products Research Laboratories, University of North Carolina, include bevirimat (dimethyl succinyl betulinic acid), which is now in phase IIb trials for treating AIDS. Bevirimat is also the first in a new class of HIV drug candidates called "maturation inhibitors". In addition, an etoposide analogue, GL-331, progressed to anticancer phase II clinical trials, and the curcumin analogue JC-9 is in phase II clinical trials for treating acne and in development for trials against prostate cancer. The discovery and development of these clinical trial candidates will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA.
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Ríos JL. Effects of triterpenes on the immune system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:1-14. [PMID: 20079412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triterpenes, which comprise a broad chemical group of active principles, are implicated in the mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects of many medicinal plants used in folk medicine against diseases in which the immune system is implicated. They have been described as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral agents, as well as being immunomodulator compounds. Several of them are implicated in the resolution of immune diseases, although their effects have not always been clearly correlated. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to compile relevant data on the mechanisms of action of triterpenes isolated from active ethnomedicinal plants and their role in the resolution of diseases in which the immune system is implicated to examine the mechanism by which they are useful as ethnopharmacological medicines. METHODS The selection of papers was made using the most relevant databases for the biomedical sciences on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. We principally chose those studies that examined the resolution of allergic responses in vivo and those that studied the effects of the more relevant mediators implicated in the immune response in vitro. RESULTS The number of compounds actually studied is limited compared with the high number of principles that have been isolated and identified. Many studies focus on specific pathologies such cancer or inflammation, but in many cases they are clearly correlated with the immune response. Lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and oleananes are probably the most interesting groups; however, other compounds are also of potential importance. CONCLUSIONS Studies of specific mechanisms against mediators or transcription factors could be the objective for future research on ethnomedicinal plants used to combat immune diseases since the results obtained with cucurbitacins or derivatives of oleanolic acid support the use of different medicinal plants, thereby opening up a new frontier for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Chauthe SK, Bharate SB, Sabde S, Mitra D, Bhutani KK, Singh IP. Biomimetic synthesis and anti-HIV activity of dimeric phloroglucinols. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2029-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bedoya LM, Abad MJ, Sánchez-Palomino S, Alcami J, Bermejo P. Ellagitannins from Tuberaria lignosa as entry inhibitors of HIV. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:69-74. [PMID: 19748255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Screening of plants from the Iberian Peninsula for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (-HIV) activity revealed that aqueous extract of Tuberaria lignosa gave positive results. Following an activity-guided procedure, the crude extract was counterextracted, and the subsequent fractions obtained tested for their anti-HIV activity in vitro. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract afforded an ellagitannin enriched fraction (EEF) isolated for the first time from this species. This EEF exhibited antiviral activity against HIV in MT-2 infected cells, with an IC(50) value of 2.33mug/ml (selectivity index greater than 21). Inhibition of HIV infection by EEF appears to be mediated by CD4 down-regulation, the main receptor for HIV entry. CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors were not affected by EEF, explaining why EEF is able to inhibit R5 and X4 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Bedoya
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crt. Majadahonda a Pozuelo, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Bodiwala HS, Sabde S, Mitra D, Bhutani KK, Singh IP. Anti-HIV Diterpenes from Coleus forskohlii¶. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various extracts of the aerial parts of Coleus forskohlii (Labiatae) were prepared and evaluated at their non cytotoxic concentration against HIV-1 NL4-3. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed 45.6, 66.5 and 37.7% inhibition of HIV, respectively in CEM-GFP cells infected with HIV-1NL4-3 at 5 μg/mL. Four diterpenes, 1-deoxyforskolin, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, forskolin and isoforskolin were isolated from the chloroform extract and tested against the virus. Six semi-synthetic derivatives of forskolin have been prepared to study SAR. 1-Deoxyforskolin and forskolin were found to be active against HIVNL4-3. This is first report of anti HIV activity of this plant and its isolated constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik S. Bodiwala
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160062, India
| | - Sudeep Sabde
- National Center for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra - 411007, India
| | - Debashis Mitra
- National Center for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra - 411007, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160062, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160062, India
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Aromatization and chemoselective alkylation of 1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and its derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kuo RY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Plant-derived triterpenoids and analogues as antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1321-44. [PMID: 19779642 DOI: 10.1039/b810774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reen-Yen Kuo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
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Yamai H, Sawada N, Yoshida T, Seike J, Takizawa H, Kenzaki K, Miyoshi T, Kondo K, Bando Y, Ohnishi Y, Tangoku A. Triterpenes augment the inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on growth of human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and suppress experimental metastasis in vivo. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:952-60. [PMID: 19462449 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic effects of combinations of anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and cisplatin) and triterpenes (ursolic acid, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and a Japanese apricot extract (JAE) containing triterpenes) on esophageal squamous carcinoma cells were examined by the WST-8 (2-(2-methoxy- 4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) assay in vitro and by an animal model in vivo. Triterpenes and JAE showed additive and synergistic cytotoxic effects, respectively, on esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (YES-2 cells) by combinational use of 5-fluorouracil. JAE and 5-fluorouracil induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and at S phase, respectively, and caused apoptosis in YES-2 cells. A new animal model of esophageal cancer causing tumor colonization of the peritoneal cavity and producing bloody ascites was made by injecting YES-2 cells into the peritoneal cavity of a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse. In this model, 5-fluorouracil inhibited colonization of tumor cells in the peritoneum. The addition of JAE to 5-fluorouracil augmented the suppression of experimental metastasis of the peritoneum. The numbers of peritoneal nodules of more than 2 mm in diameter in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil and JAE were less than those in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil alone or JAE alone. These results suggest that triterpenes, especially JAE, are effective supplements for enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil on esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Yamai
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Effects of betulinic acid on proliferation and apoptosis in Jurkat cells and its in vitro mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:634-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-008-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization of prochiral 1,3-diols and enzymatic resolution of monoprotected 1,3-diols based on α-tetralone and related multifunctional scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saïdi H, Jenabian MA, Gombert B, Charpentier C, Mannarini A, Bélec L. Pre-clinical development as microbicide of zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate, a novel terpenoid derivative: potent in vitro inhibitory activity against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 strains without significant in vivo mucosal toxicity. AIDS Res Ther 2008; 5:10. [PMID: 18522743 PMCID: PMC2426711 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terpenoid derivatives originating from many plants species, are interesting compounds with numerous biological effects, such as anti-HIV-1 activity. The zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate complex (or "C14"), a new monoterpenoid derivative was evaluated in vitro for its anti-HIV-1 activity on both R5- and X4-HIV-1 infection of primary target cells (macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells) and on HIV-1 transfer from dendritic cells to T cells. Results The toxicity study was carried out in vitro and also with the New Zealand White rabbit vaginal irritation model. C14 was found to be no cytotoxic at high concentrations (CC50 > 10 μM) and showed to be a potential HIV-1 inhibitor of infection of all the primary cells tested (EC50 = 1 μM). No significant changes could be observed in cervicovaginal tissue of rabbit exposed during 10 consecutive days to formulations containing up to 20 μM of C14. Conclusion Overall, these preclinical studies suggest that zinc tetra-ascorbo-camphorate derivative is suitable for further testing as a candidate microbicide to prevent male-to-female heterosexual acquisition of HIV-1.
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