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Seidita A, Cusimano A, Giuliano A, Meli M, Carroccio A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L. Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38929170 PMCID: PMC11201095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Meli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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2
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Heden TD, Chen C, Leland G, Mashek MM, Najt CP, Shang L, Chow LS, Mashek DG. Isolated and combined impact of dietary olive oil and exercise on markers of health and energy metabolism in female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109040. [PMID: 35533899 PMCID: PMC9626252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An olive oil (OO) rich diet or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) independently improve markers of health and energy metabolism, but it is unknown if combining OO and HIIT synergize to improve these markers. This study characterized the isolated and combined impact of OO and HIIT on markers of health and energy metabolism in various tissues in C57BL/6J female mice. Nine-week-old mice were divided into four groups for a 12-week diet and/or exercise intervention including: (1) Control Diet without HIIT (CD), (2) Control Diet with HIIT (CD+HIIT), (3) OO diet (10% kcal from olive oil) without HIIT, and (4) OO diet with HIIT (OO+HIIT). Neither dietary OO or HIIT altered body weight, glucose tolerance, or serum lipids. HIIT, regardless of diet, increased aerobic capacity and HDL cholesterol levels. In liver and heart tissue, OO resulted in similar adaptations as HIIT including increased mitochondrial content and fatty acid oxidation but combining OO with HIIT did not augment these effects. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased mitochondrial content in type II fibers similarly between diets. An RNA sequencing analysis on type I fibers revealed OO reduced muscle regeneration and lipid metabolism gene abundance, whereas HIIT increased the abundance of these genes, independent of diet. HIIT training, independent of diet, induced subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) hypertrophy, whereas OO induced gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) hypertrophy, an effect that was augmented with HIIT. These data highlight the pleiotropic effects of OO and HIIT, although their combination does not synergize to further improve most markers of health and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Heden
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Grace Leland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mara M Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Charles P Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Linshan Shang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Minneapolis, MN.
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3
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Chen X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou L, McClements DJ, Liu W. A review of recent progress in improving the bioavailability of nutraceutical-loaded emulsions after oral intake. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3963-4001. [PMID: 35912644 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the health benefits of specific constituents in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other whole foods has sparked a broader interest in the potential health benefits of nutraceuticals. Many nutraceuticals are hydrophobic substances, which means they must be encapsulated in colloidal delivery systems. Oil-in-water emulsions are one of the most widely used delivery systems for improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of these nutraceuticals. The composition and structure of emulsions can be designed to improve the water dispersibility, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability of the encapsulated nutraceuticals. The nature of the emulsion used influences the interfacial area and properties of the nutraceutical-loaded oil droplets in the gastrointestinal tract, which influences their digestion, as well as the bioaccessibility, metabolism, and absorption of the nutraceuticals. In this article, we review recent in vitro and in vivo studies on the utilization of emulsions to improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. The findings from this review should facilitate the design of more efficacious nutraceutical-loaded emulsions with increased bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers & Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Seidita A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Di Stefano V, Citarrella R, Mirarchi L, Cusimano A, Augello G, Carroccio A, Iovanna JL, Cervello M. The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980429. [PMID: 35990331 PMCID: PMC9386289 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For years it has been established that the only truly effective treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) is lifestyle modification to prevent its cardiovascular (e.g., coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis), metabolic (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and hepatic (e.g., steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) complications. The focal points of this approach are to increase physical activity and intake of a diet characterized by high quantities of fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products, the so called mediterranean diet (MD); however, the added value of MD is the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations (range 50–800 mg/kg) of phenols (oleuropein, ligstroside, and oleocanthal, and their derivatives, phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). Phenolic compounds not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but, theoretically, make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. Although many studies have been carried out on EVOO’s clinical effects and attention toward this dietary approach (healthy and palatable food with strong nutraceutical activity) has become increasingly pressing, there are still many dark sides to be clarified, both in terms of actual clinical efficacy and biochemical and molecular activity. Thus, we reviewed the international literature, trying to show the state of the art about EVOO’s clinical properties to treat MS (along with correlated complications) and the future prospective of its nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Jiménez-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Remón-Ruiz PJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP. Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071440. [PMID: 35406067 PMCID: PMC9003415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedD). In this narrative review, we synthesize and illustrate the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components—such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein—in the field of clinical nutrition and dietetics. The evidence is split into diet therapy, oleic acid-based enteral nutrition formulations and oral supplementation formulations, oleic acid-based parenteral nutrition, and nutraceutical supplementation of minor components of EVOO. EVOO has diverse beneficial health properties, and current evidence supports the use of whole EVOO in diet therapy and the supplementation of its minor components to improve cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes mellitus in clinical nutrition. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed to chisel specific recommendations for its therapeutic use through different formulations in other specific diseases and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Torrecárdenas, C. Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús Remón-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Luis Pereira-Cunill
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
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6
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The source of the fat significantly affects the results of high-fat diet intervention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4315. [PMID: 35279685 PMCID: PMC8918335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is widely used in animal models of many diseases, it helps to understand the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. Several dietary fats were commonly used in HFD, such as corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and lard. However, it was reported that different dietary fat could have completely different effects on physiological indicators and the gut microbiome, and the sources of dietary fat used in high-fat diet research have not been comprehensively compared. In this research, we conduct comparative experiments on various sources of dietary fats to test their different effects during the high-fat diet intervention. We investigated the effects of twelve common dietary fats in high-fat diet intervention of mice, body/liver weight changes, four blood lipid indices, and gut microbiome were analyzed. Our results showed that the source of dietary fat used in high-fat diet significantly affects the changes of body/liver weight and triglyceride (TRIG) in the blood. Furthermore, the intervention of canola oil increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota, and lard has decreased diversity compared with the control group. The composition of saturated fatty acid (SFA) in fat has the most significant effects on the gut microbiome. All dietary fats treatments have an increasing Firmicutes abundance and a reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in gut microbiome, while the canola oil has a slight variation compared to other intervention groups, and the lard group has the largest changes. This study showed that different types of dietary fat have different effects on the body indicators and intestinal microbiota of mice, and canola oil produced less disturbance than other types of dietary fats in high-fat diet.
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Relationship between Dietary Fatty Acid Intake with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis in People with HIV. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103462. [PMID: 34684463 PMCID: PMC8539489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between food intake of lipids with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or liver fibrosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In this cross-sectional study, transient elastography was used to detect the presence of NAFLD and/or liver fibrosis. The dietary intake of fats and fatty acids (FA) were assessed by two 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) (n = 451). Multivariate logistic regression models were performed. Participants with higher intake of total fat were associated with higher odds for NAFLD compared to those with lower consumption [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.91 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.06-3.44)]. Furthermore, participants with intermediate intake of n6-PUFA (n6-poly-unsaturated FA) and lauric FA had lower odds for NAFLD, respectively aOR = 0.54 (95% CI 0.3-0.98) and aOR = 0.42 (95% CI 0.22-0.78). Additionally, a higher intake of myristoleic FA (fourth quartile) was a significant protective factor for NAFLD [aOR = 0.56 (95% CI 0.32-0.99)]. Participants with higher intake of lauric FA [0.38 (95% CI 0.18-0.80)], myristic FA [0.38 (0.17-0.89)], palmitoleic FA [0.40 (0.19-0.82)] and oleic FA [0.35 (0.16-0.79)] had positively less odds of having liver fibrosis. On the other hand, higher intake of n-6 PUFA was significantly associated with fibrosis [aOR = 2.45 (95% CI 1.12-5.32)]. Dietary assessment of total fat and FA should be incorporated into HIV care as a tool for preventing NAFLD and fibrosis in PLWHA.
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Aquino de Oliveira D, Araújo NCDM, Rabello Freire A, Silva Albuquerque G, de Santana Muniz G, Nascimento ED. Delay first active-phase meal, breakfast-skipping model, increases the risk of metabolic disorders in females rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1973203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giselia de Santana Muniz
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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9
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Sánchez-Calvo B, Cassina A, Mastrogiovanni M, Santos M, Trias E, Kelley EE, Rubbo H, Trostchansky A. Olive oil-derived nitro-fatty acids: protection of mitochondrial function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108646. [PMID: 33838229 PMCID: PMC8197755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive liver fat deposition in the absence of significant alcohol intake. Since extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) reduces fat accumulation, we analyzed the involvement of nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) on the beneficial effects of EVOO consumption on NAFLD. Nitro-fatty acids formation was observed during digestion in mice supplemented with EVOO and nitrite. Mice fed with a high-fat diet (HF) presented lower plasma NO2-FA levels than normal chow, and circulating concentrations recovered when the HF diet was supplemented with 10% EVOO plus nitrite. Under NO2-FA formation conditions, liver hemoxygenase-1 expression significantly increased while decreased body weight and fat liver accumulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD while NO2-FA has been shown to protect from mitochondrial oxidative damage. Accordingly, an improvement of respiratory indexes was observed when mice were supplemented with both EVOO plus nitrite. Liver mitochondrial complexes II and V activities were greater in mice with EVOO supplementation and further improved in the presence of nitrite. Overall, our results strongly suggest a positive correlation between NO2-OA formation from EVOO and the observed improvement of mitochondrial function in NAFLD. The formation of NO2-FA can account for the health benefits associated with EVOO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Nutrición Básica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariela Santos
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, United States
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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10
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Extra virgin olive oil improved body weight and insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese LDLr-/-.Leiden mice without attenuation of steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8250. [PMID: 33859314 PMCID: PMC8050103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Fatty acid composition is critical for IR and subsequent NAFLD development. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the main source of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in Mediterranean diets. This study examined whether EVOO-containing high fat diets may prevent diet-induced NAFLD using Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice. In female Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, the effects of the following high fat diets (HFDs) were examined: a lard-based HFD (HFD-L); an EVOO-based HFD (HFD-EVOO); a phenolic compounds-rich EVOO HFD (HFD-OL). We studied changes in body weight (BW), lipid profile, transaminases, glucose homeostasis, liver pathology and transcriptome. Both EVOO diets reduced body weight (BW) and improved insulin sensitivity. The EVOOs did not improve transaminase values and increased LDL-cholesterol and liver collagen content. EVOOs and HFD-L groups had comparable liver steatosis. The profibrotic effects were substantiated by an up-regulation of gene transcripts related to glutathione metabolism, chemokine signaling and NF-kappa-B activation and down-regulation of genes relevant for fatty acid metabolism. Collectivelly, EVOO intake improved weight gain and insulin sensitivity but not liver inflammation and fibrosis, which was supported by changes in hepatic genes expression.
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11
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Lemus-Conejo A, Grao-Cruces E, Toscano R, Varela LM, Claro C, Pedroche J, Millan F, Millan-Linares MC, Montserrat-de la Paz S. A lupine (Lupinus angustifolious L.) peptide prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:2943-2952. [PMID: 32267269 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are related to the prevention and treatment of many diseases. GPETAFLR is an octapeptide that has been isolated from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and shows anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential activity of GPETAFLR to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or HFD. Two of the groups fed the HFD diet were treated with GPETAFLR in drinking water at 0.5 mg kg-1 day-1 or 1 mg kg-1 day-1. To determine the ability of GPETAFLR to improve the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, histological studies, hepatic enzyme profiles, inflammatory cytokine and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins were analysed. Our results suggested that HFD-induced inflammatory metabolic disorders were alleviated by treatment with GPETAFLR. In conclusion, dietary lupine consumption can repair HFD-induced hepatic damage possibly via modifications of liver's lipid signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lemus-Conejo
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla. Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Grao-Cruces
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla. Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio Toscano
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla. Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes M Varela
- Institute de Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysic, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Claro
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millan
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Millan-Linares
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain and Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC. Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla. Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain
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12
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Hypothalamic Renin-Angiotensin System and Lipid Metabolism: Effects of Virgin Olive Oil versus Butter in the Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020480. [PMID: 33572630 PMCID: PMC7912484 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been recently involved in the homeostatic regulation of energy. Our goal was to analyse the influence of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (butter) against one enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil) on hypothalamic RAS, and their relationship with the metabolism of fatty acids. Increases in body weight and visceral fat, together with an increase in aminopeptidase A expression and reductions in AngII and AngIV were observed in the hypothalamus of animals fed with the butter diet. In this group, a marked reduction in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (LPL, CD36, and CPT-1) was observed in liver and muscle. No changes were found in terms of body weight, total visceral fat and the expression of hepatic genes related to fatty acid metabolism in the olive oil diet. The expressions of LPL and CD36 were reduced in the muscles, although the decrease was lower than in the butter diet. At the same time, the fasting levels of leptin were reduced, no changes were observed in the hypothalamic expression of aminopeptidase A and decreases were noted in the levels of AngII, AngIV and AngIII. These results support that the type of dietary fat is able to modify the hypothalamic profile of RAS and the body energy balance, related to changes in lipid metabolism.
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13
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Rajcic D, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Exchanging dietary fat source with extra virgin olive oil does not prevent progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237946. [PMID: 32881925 PMCID: PMC7470337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we assess the effect of exchanging dietary fat source from butterfat to extra virgin olive oil on the progression of an already existing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% from butterfat) or control diet (C, 12%E from soybean oil) for 13 weeks. In week 9, fat sources of some BFC- and C-fed mice were switched either to 25E% or 12E% olive oil (OFC and CO). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and markers of liver damage and glucose metabolism were assessed. After 6 weeks of feeding, BFC-fed mice had developed marked signs of insulin resistance, which progressed to week 12 being not affected by the exchange of fat sources. Liver damage was similar between BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Markers of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in liver and of insulin signaling in liver and muscle were also similarly altered in BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that exchanging butterfat with extra virgin olive oil has no effect on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glucose tolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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14
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Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, Arranz S, Frost G, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082200. [PMID: 32718098 PMCID: PMC7468985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive information of the beneficial effects of virgin olive oil (VOO), especially on cardiovascular diseases. Some VOO healthy properties have been attributed to their phenolic-compounds (PCs). The aim of this review is to present updated data on the effects of olive oil (OO) PCs on the gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity, as well as on the crosstalk among them. We summarize experiments and clinical trials which assessed the specific effects of the olive oil phenolic-compounds (OOPCs) without the synergy with OO-fats. Several studies have demonstrated that OOPC consumption increases Bacteroidetes and/or reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which have both been related to atheroprotection. OOPCs also increase certain beneficial bacteria and gut-bacteria diversity which can be therapeutic for lipid-immune disorders and obesity. Furthermore, some of the mechanisms implicated in the crosstalk between OOPCs and these disorders include antimicrobial-activity, cholesterol microbial metabolism, and metabolites produced by bacteria. Specifically, OOPCs modulate short-chain fatty-acids produced by gut-microbiota, which can affect cholesterol metabolism and the immune system, and may play a role in weight gain through promoting satiety. Since data in humans are scarce, there is a necessity for more clinical trials designed to assess the specific role of the OOPCs in this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Li P, Huang J, Xiao N, Cai X, Yang Y, Deng J, Zhang LH, Du B. Sacha inchi oil alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and improves hepatic lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:5827-5841. [PMID: 32648886 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are beneficial for humans against the development of hyperlipidaemia, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that oral consumption of sacha inchi oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid, alleviated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Sacha inchi oil administration reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered the gut microbiota metabolome and in particular prevented bile acid dysmetabolism caused by a HFD. Sacha inchi oil intake ameliorated hepatic lipid dysmetabolism in HFD-fed rats, via potentiating the biosynthesis and reuptake of bile acids, reducing the de novo lipogenesis, promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation, and alleviating the dysregulation of glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolisms. The results showed that dietary sacha inchi oil can alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduce lipid dysmetabolism in HFD rats, and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs prevent the development of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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16
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Meza-Torres C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Fang L, Bui Thanh T, Rodríguez-Bies E, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Resveratrol Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in CoQ Synthesis in Liver in Mice Fed with High Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050431. [PMID: 32429295 PMCID: PMC7278683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a bioactive natural molecule that induces antioxidant activity and increases protection against oxidative damage. RSV could be used to mitigate damages associated to metabolic diseases and aging. Particularly, RSV regulates different aspects of mitochondrial metabolism. However, no information is available about the effects of RSV on Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a central component in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we report for the first time that RSV modulates COQ genes and parameters associated to metabolic syndrome in mice. Mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) presented a higher weight gain, triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol levels while RSV reverted TGs to control level but not weight or cholesterol. HFD induced a decrease of COQs gene mRNA level, whereas RSV reversed this decrease in most of the COQs genes. However, RSV did not show effect on CoQ9, CoQ10 and total CoQ levels, neither in CoQ-dependent antioxidant enzymes. HFD influenced mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers. RSV modulated the levels of PINK1 and PARKIN and their ratio, indicating modulation of mitophagy. In summary, we report that RSV influences some of the metabolic adaptations of HFD affecting mitochondrial physiology while also regulates COQs gene expression levels in a process that can be associated with mitochondrial dynamics and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Meza-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Luis Fang
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Group, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Tung Bui Thanh
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- Departamento de Deporte e Informática, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-9384
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17
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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18
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Lian Z, Perrard XYD, Peng X, Raya JL, Hernandez AA, Johnson CG, Lagor WR, Pownall HJ, Hoogeveen RC, Simon SI, Sacks FM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. Replacing Saturated Fat With Unsaturated Fat in Western Diet Reduces Foamy Monocytes and Atherosclerosis in Male Ldlr-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:72-85. [PMID: 31619061 PMCID: PMC6991890 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil and nuts prevents cardiovascular disease in clinical studies, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated whether the preventive effect of the diet could be due to inhibition of atherosclerosis and foamy monocyte formation in Ldlr-/- mice fed with a diet in which milkfat in a Western diet (WD) was replaced with extra-virgin olive oil and nuts (EVOND). Approach and Results: Ldlr-/- mice were fed EVOND or a Western diet for 3 (or 6) months. Compared with the Western diet, EVOND decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels but increased unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in plasma. EVOND also lowered intracellular lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes, indicating less formation of foamy monocytes, compared with the Western diet. In addition, compared with the Western diet, EVOND reduced monocyte expression of inflammatory cytokines, CD36, and CD11c, with decreased monocyte uptake of oxLDL (oxidized LDL [low-density lipoprotein]) ex vivo and reduced CD11c+ foamy monocyte firm arrest on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin-coated slides in an ex vivo shear flow assay. Along with these changes, EVOND compared with the Western diet reduced the number of CD11c+ macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and lowered atherosclerotic lesion area of the whole aorta and aortic sinus. CONCLUSIONS A diet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil and nuts, compared with a Western diet high in saturated fat, lowered plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, inhibited foamy monocyte formation, inflammation, and adhesion, and reduced atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Lian
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xueying Peng
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P)
| | - Joe L Raya
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alfredo A Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Collin G Johnson
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (H.J.P.)
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (F.M.S.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention (C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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19
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57bl/6 Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123067. [PMID: 31888190 PMCID: PMC6949901 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have a range of animal models in which to study Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Induction of NAFLD by a high-fat diet in the C57BL/6 strain is the most widely used among mice. In this study, we review works that performed NAFLD induction by a high-fat diet using the C57BL/6 strain, focusing on experiments on the effects of lipid ingestion. Studies are initially distinguished into researches in which mice received lipids by oral gavage and studies in which lipid was added to the diet, and each of these designs has peculiarities that must be considered. Oral gavage can be stressful for animals and needs trained handlers but allows accurate control of the dose administered. The addition of oils to the diet can prevent stress caused to mice by gavage, but possible changes in the consistency, taste, and smell of the diet should be considered. Regarding the experimental design, some variables, such as animal sex, treatment time, and diet-related variables, appear to have a definite pattern. However, no pattern was found regarding the number of animals per group, age at the beginning of the experiment, time of adaptation, the substance used as a vehicle, and substance used as a control.
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20
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Oleic Acid Protects against Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4842592. [PMID: 31915509 PMCID: PMC6930725 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4842592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious complication in patients who have undergone hepatic surgery such as orthotopic liver transplantation and partial hepatectomy. Recently, a new cytoprotective agent, ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA-LPE), was reported to protect against hepatic I/R injury. However, the protective mechanism of UDCA-LPE is not fully understood. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore its underlying mechanism. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the liver lipid metabolism changes in mice during I/R. KEGG enrichment indicated that UDCA-LPE is likely to exert its protective role by regulating fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Further analysis found that UDCA-LPE significantly increased the ratio of oleic acid (OA) to palmitic acid (PA). We found that mice pretreated with OA improved tolerance to hepatic I/R injury. In addition, the phosphorylation level of AKT was markedly upregulated during oxidative stress to promote p65 nuclear translocation, triggering an inflammatory response that exacerbated cell damage and OA treatment significantly inhibited this process. Notably, OA was found to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we found that OA supplementation to the medium did not result in a significant increase in intracellular OA, but marked increase in the ratio of OA to PA, which may be an important mechanism for the inflammatory response induced by oxidative stress during I/R. Finally, we demonstrated that OA increased the level of autophagy in HepG2 cells, which may be one of the protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. Collectively, this study revealed that FA metabolism functionally determines the oxidative stress-related inflammation caused by hepatic I/R. We hypothesize that OA treatment may be a promising strategy for preventing and treating I/R-induced liver damage.
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21
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Extra virgin olive oil diet intervention improves insulin resistance and islet performance in diet-induced diabetes in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11311. [PMID: 31383924 PMCID: PMC6683141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Monounsaturated fatty acid consumption has been positively associated with improved insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. We examined whether an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) high fat diet (HFD) can improve glucose homeostasis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or a lard-based HFD to induce type 2 diabetes. Then, HFD mice were fed with three different based HFD (lard, EVOO and EVOO rich in phenolic compounds) for 24 weeks. HFD-EVOO diets significantly improved glycemia, insulinemia, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin degradation. Moreover, EVOO diets reduced β-cell apoptosis, increased β-cell number and normalized islet glucose metabolism and glucose induced insulin secretion. No additional effects were observed by higher levels of phenolic compounds. Thus, EVOO intake regulated glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, in a type 2 diabetes HFD animal model.
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22
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Trovato FM, Castrogiovanni P, Malatino L, Musumeci G. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevention: role of Mediterranean diet and physical activity. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:167-169. [PMID: 31098370 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Cheng N, Chen S, Liu X, Zhao H, Cao W. Impact of SchisandraChinensis Bee Pollen on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota in HighFat Diet Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E346. [PMID: 30736329 PMCID: PMC6412546 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandrachinensisbee pollen has been used as a health food in China for centuries; however, its bioactive constituents and functions are not very clear. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compounds of Schisandrachinensisbee pollen extract (SCPE) by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS/HPLC-DAD-ECD and its prevention from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and modulation of gut microbiota in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that 12 phenolic compounds were identified in SCPE, and naringenin, rutin and chrysin were the main constituents. The content of naringenin reached 1.89 mg/g, and total phenolic content (TPC) of SCPE were 101.83 mg GA/g. After obese mice were administrated with SCPE at 7.86 and 15.72 g/kg BW for 8 weeks, body weight gains were reduced by 18.23% and 19.37%. SCPE could decrease fasting blood glucose, cut down the lipid accumulation in serum and liver, lessen oxidative injury and inflammation in obesity mice. Moreover, SCPE could effectively inhibit the formation of NAFLD by inhibition of LXR-α, SREBP-1c and FAS genes expression, and modulate the structural alteration of gut microbiota in obesity mice. These findings suggested that SCPE could attenuate the features of the metabolism syndrome in obesity mice, which can be used to prevent obesity and NAFLD of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Sinan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xinyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Haoan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China.
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24
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Khalatbari-Soltani S, Imamura F, Brage S, De Lucia Rolfe E, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, Marques-Vidal P, Forouhi NG. The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and hepatic steatosis: cross-sectional analysis of two independent studies, the UK Fenland Study and the Swiss CoLaus Study. BMC Med 2019; 17:19. [PMID: 30674308 PMCID: PMC6345041 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The risk of hepatic steatosis may be reduced through changes to dietary intakes, but evidence is sparse, especially for dietary patterns including the Mediterranean diet. We investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and prevalence of hepatic steatosis. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of data from two population-based adult cohorts: the Fenland Study (England, n = 9645, 2005-2015) and CoLaus Study (Switzerland, n = 3957, 2009-2013). Habitual diet was assessed using cohort-specific food frequency questionnaires. Mediterranean diet scores (MDSs) were calculated in three ways based on adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pyramid, dietary cut-points derived from a published review, and cohort-specific tertiles of dietary consumption. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by abdominal ultrasound and fatty liver index (FLI) in Fenland and by FLI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) score in CoLaus. FLI includes body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride; NAFLD includes diabetes, fasting insulin level, fasting aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), and AST/alanine transaminase ratio. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS In Fenland, the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 23.9% and 27.1% based on ultrasound and FLI, respectively, and in CoLaus, 25.3% and 25.7% based on FLI and NAFLD score, respectively. In Fenland, higher adherence to pyramid-based MDS was associated with lower prevalence of hepatic steatosis assessed by ultrasound (prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.86 (0.81, 0.90) per one standard deviation of MDS). This association was attenuated [0.95 (0.90, 1.00)] after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Associations of similar magnitude were found for hepatic steatosis assessed by FLI in Fenland [0.82 (0.78, 0.86)] and in CoLaus [0.85 (0.80, 0.91)], and these were also attenuated after adjustment for BMI. Findings were similar when the other two MDS definitions were used. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower prevalence of hepatic steatosis, largely explained by adiposity. These findings suggest that an intervention promoting a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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25
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Coppey L, Davidson E, Shevalye H, Obrosov A, Yorek M. Effect of Early and Late Interventions with Dietary Oils on Vascular and Neural Complications in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5020465. [PMID: 31485451 PMCID: PMC6702827 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Determine the effect of dietary oils enriched in different mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e., olive oil (18 : 1, oleic acid), safflower oil (18 : 2 n-6, linoleic acid), flaxseed oil (18 : 3 n-3, alpha linolenic acid), evening primrose oil (18 : 3 n-6, gamma linolenic acid), or menhaden oil (20:5/22 : 6 n-3 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids), on vascular and neural complications in high-fat-fed low-dose streptozotocin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, an animal model for late-stage type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal as fat primarily derived from lard) for 8 weeks and then treated with a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) in order to induce hyperglycemia. After an additional 8 (early intervention) or 20 (late intervention) weeks, the different groups of rats were fed diets with 1/2 of the kcal of fat derived from lard replaced by the different dietary oils. In addition, a control group fed a standard diet (4.25% kcal as fat) and a diabetic group maintained on the high-fat diet were maintained. The treatment period was approximately 16 weeks. The endpoints evaluated included vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal and corneal sensitivity, and innervation of sensory nerves in the cornea and skin. RESULTS Our findings show that menhaden and flaxseed oil provided the greatest benefit for correcting peripheral nerve damage caused by diabetes, whereas enriching the high-fat diet with menhaden oil provided the most benefit to acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. Enriching the diets with fatty acids derived from the other oils provided none to partial improvements. CONCLUSIONS These studies imply that long-chain n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil being the most effective.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/diet therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/diet therapy
- Diabetic Neuropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Fatty Liver/physiopathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sciatic Nerve/drug effects
- Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology
- Streptozocin
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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26
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Djohan YF, Badia E, Bonafos B, Fouret G, Lauret C, Dupuy AM, Pinot E, Sutra T, Gaillet S, Lambert K, Raynaud F, Gayrard N, Jover B, Monde AA, Cristol JP, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C. High dietary intake of palm oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3091-3107. [PMID: 30392135 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Palm (PO) and olive oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used oils in the world for food elaboration. These oils should not be confused with the solid palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity. METHODS Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed. RESULTS The major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Badia
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | - Céline Lauret
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Edith Pinot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU-Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Sutra
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU-Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Raynaud
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bernard Jover
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Absalome Aké Monde
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Côte d'Ivoire
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27
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Utama DT, Jeong H, Kim J, Lee SK. Formula Optimization of a Perilla-canola Oil (O/W) Emulsion and Its Potential Application as an Animal Fat Replacer in Meat Emulsion. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:580-592. [PMID: 30018501 PMCID: PMC6048378 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.3.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of an oil/water (o/w) emulsion made up of a mixture of perilla
oil and canola oil (30/70 w/w) was optimized using a response surface
methodology to find a replacement for animal fat in an emulsion-type meat
product. A 12 run Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen the effect
of potential ingredients in the (o/w) emulsion, including polyglycerol
polyricinoleate (PGPR), fish gelatin, soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium
caseinate, carrageenan (CR), inulin (IN) and sodium tripolyphosphate. The PBD
showed that SPI, CR and IN showed promise but required further optimization, and
other ingredients did not affect the technological properties of the (o/w)
emulsion. The PBD also showed that PGPR played a critical role in inhibiting an
emulsion break. The level of PGPR was then fixed at 3.2% (w/w total emulsion)
for an optimization study. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to
optimize the addition levels of SPI, CR or IN in an (o/w) emulsion and to
observe their effects on emulsion stability, cooking loss and the textural
properties of a cooked meat emulsion. Significant interactions between SPI and
CR increased the cooking loss in the meat emulsion. In contrast, IN showed
interactions with SPI leading to a reduction in cooking loss. Thus, CR was also
removed from the formulation. After optimization, the level of SPI (4.48% w/w)
and IN (14% w/w) was validated, leading to a perilla-canola oil (o/w) emulsion
with the ability to replace animal fat in an emulsion-type meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Tri Utama
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Haeseong Jeong
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Juntae Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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28
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Mohammadian M, Mianabadi M, Zargari M, Karimpour A, Khalafi M, Amiri FT. Effects of Olive Oil supplementation on Sodium Arsenate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:59. [PMID: 30079156 PMCID: PMC6052740 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_165_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium arsenate (As), a toxic substance with induced oxidative stress, lead to hepatotoxicity. Olive oil (OO) with antioxidant property has protective effect on toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effect of OO on sodium As-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Subjects and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult male BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups: control group (received only normal saline, the same volume as other groups), OO (0.4 mL/day, gavage), sodium As (15 mg/kg, gavage), and OO + sodium As (received OO 1 h before sodium As). Drugs were given for 30 consecutive days. After the last receipt of the drugs, oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)] in tissue, liver function parameters [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] in serum, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in plasma, and histopathological assays were performed. Results: Sodium As induced hepatic injury as indicated by significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in serum and pathologic evidences. It also induces hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers as indicated by significant increase in levels of MDA and significant decrease in FRAP and GSH concentration. OO administration significantly improved oxidative stress parameters, histopathological changes, and enzymatic markers of liver injury. Conclusions: It was concluded that antioxidant activity of OO has hepatoprotective effect on As-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohammadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Manijeh Mianabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimpour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khalafi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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29
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Luque-Sierra A, Alvarez-Amor L, Kleemann R, Martín F, Varela LM. Extra-Virgin Olive Oil with Natural Phenolic Content Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Adipose Tissue and Attenuates the Severity of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800295. [PMID: 29763526 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study investigates the effect of olive oils with different phenolic content in high-fat diets (HFDs) on hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue and associated atherosclerosis, in the context of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were fed three different HFDs for 32 weeks and were compared with mice fed the standard low-fat diet (LFD). The different fats provided in the HFDs were lard (HFD-L), extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO; 79 mg kg-1 of phenolic compounds, HFD-EVOO), or EVOO rich in phenolic compounds (OL, 444 mg kg-1 of phenolic compounds, HFD-OL). All HFD-fed mice became obese, but only HFD-L-induced adipocyte hypertrophy. HFD-EVOO mice exhibited the greatest levels of Adiponectin in adipose tissue and presented atherosclerotic lesions similar to the LFD group, with a very low count of monocyte/macrophage compared with HFD-L and HFD-OL mice. Enrichment of the phenolic content of olive oil reduced the secretion of nitrites/nitrates in the aorta, but atherosclerosis was not attenuated in HFD-OL mice compared to other HFD mice. CONCLUSION Consumption of olive oil with a natural content of phenolic compounds attenuates adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation and exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in mice. A higher phenolic content of olive oil did not provide further benefits in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Leticia Alvarez-Amor
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, 2301 CE, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Lourdes M Varela
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain
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30
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Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Dávalos A, Visioli F. Pharma-Nutritional Properties of Olive Oil Phenols. Transfer of New Findings to Human Nutrition. Foods 2018; 7:E90. [PMID: 29891766 PMCID: PMC6025313 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been long associated with improved cardiovascular prognosis, chemoprevention, and lower incidence of neurodegeneration. Of the multiple components of this diet, olive oil stands out because its use has historically been limited to the Mediterranean basin. The health benefits of olive oil and some of its components are being rapidly decoded. In this paper we review the most recent pharma-nutritional investigations on olive oil biophenols and their health effects, chiefly focusing on recent findings that elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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31
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Meng Y, Zhang J, Yuan C, Zhang F, Fu Q, Su H, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Oleic acid stimulates HC11 mammary epithelial cells proliferation and mammary gland development in peripubertal mice through activation of CD36-Ca 2+ and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12982-12994. [PMID: 29560125 PMCID: PMC5849189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid, on HC11 mammary epithelial cells proliferation and peripubertal mammary gland development and explore the underlying mechanisms. HC11 cells and C57BL/6J mice were treated with OA. HC11 proliferation, peripubertal mammary gland development, and the involvement of CD36 and PI3K/Akt were assessed. In vitro, 100 μM OA significantly promoted HC11 proliferation by increasing Cyclin D1/3 and PCNA expression and decreasing p21 expression. Meanwhile, OA enhanced CD36 expression, elevated [Ca2+]i and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, knockdown of CD36, chelation of [Ca2+]i or inhibition of PI3K eliminated the OA-induced promotion of HC11 proliferation and change in proliferative markers expression. In vivo, peripubertal exposure to diet containing 2% OA stimulated mammary duct development, with increased terminal duct end (TDE) and ductal branch. Moreover, dietary OA increased the serum levels of IGF-1 and E2, enhanced the expression of CD36 and Cyclin D1, and activated PI3K/Akt pathway in mammary glands. In conclusion, OA stimulated HC11 cells proliferation and mammary gland development in peripubertal mice, which was associated with activation of CD36-[Ca2+]i and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These data provided new insights into the stimulation of mammary gland development by dietary oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Han Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and UBT Lipid Suite Functional Fatty Acids Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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Fatty Acids Consumption: The Role Metabolic Aspects Involved in Obesity and Its Associated Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101158. [PMID: 29065507 PMCID: PMC5691774 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated disorders, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic inflammation, dysbiosis, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, are involved in several molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that alter the metabolism. Food habit changes, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to treat and prevent these disorders. Some studies demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are considered detrimental for treating these disorders. A high fat diet rich in palmitic acid, a SFA, is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and it may also increase atherosclerosis parameters. On the other hand, a high intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids may promote positive effects, especially on triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are effective at limiting the hepatic steatosis process through a series of biochemical events, such as reducing the markers of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, increasing the gene expression of lipid metabolism, decreasing lipogenic activity, and releasing adiponectin. This current review shows that the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA, and especially EPA and DHA, which can be applied as food supplements, may promote effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as on metabolic inflammation, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolism.
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Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061188. [PMID: 28574454 PMCID: PMC5486011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies indicates that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Nutrients and dietary patterns are important environmental factors to consider in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. Nutritional genomics focuses on the interaction between bioactive food components and the genome and includes studies of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients. There is evidence supporting the existence of nutrient-gene and T2DM interactions coming from animal studies and family-based intervention studies. Moreover, many case-control, cohort, cross-sectional cohort studies and clinical trials have identified relationships between individual genetic load, diet and T2DM. Some of these studies were on a large scale. In addition, studies with animal models and human observational studies, in different countries over periods of time, support a causative relationship between adverse nutritional conditions during in utero development, persistent epigenetic changes and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information on the current state of nutrient-gene interactions and their role in T2DM pathogenesis, the relationship between individual genetic load and diet, and the importance of epigenetic factors in influencing gene expression and defining the individual risk of T2DM.
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Hsu CC, Ness E, Kowdley KV. Nutritional Approaches to Achieve Weight Loss in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:253-265. [PMID: 28298270 PMCID: PMC5347099 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can range in spectrum from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by lipotoxicity, hepatocellular ballooning, and inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis. Weight loss is the cornerstone treatment for NAFLD and NASH. Various randomized controlled trials have shown that weight loss of ≥5-10% leads to significant improvements in hepatic steatosis. Diets high in sodium and fructose have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Although some clinical studies suggest that an isocaloric high-fructose diet does not worsen NAFLD, these clinical studies are often short in duration. More recently, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, a sodium-restricted diet, has been associated with less prevalence of NAFLD and has been shown to improve NAFLD. In addition, the Mediterranean diet has been promising in improving hepatic steatosis, and a larger randomized controlled trial is currently enrolling subjects. For those who are unable to pursue weight loss through dietary approaches, bariatric surgery has been shown to improve hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. This method has been variable in improving hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, weight loss is crucial to the improvement of NAFLD and NASH, and patients should attempt various diets in an attempt to achieve weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | | | - Kris V Kowdley
- Swedish Liver Care Network, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA
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