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Xu S, Xie B, Liu H, Liu J, Wang M, Zhong L, Zhou J, Wen Z, Zhang L, Chen X, Zhang S. 5 mC modification of steroid hormone biosynthesis-related genes orchestrates feminization of channel catfish induced by high-temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124310. [PMID: 38838810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism behind channel catfish feminization induced by high temperature, gonad samples were collected from XY pseudo-females and wild-type females and subjected to high-throughput sequencing for Whole-Genome-Bisulfite-Seq (WGBS) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). The analysis revealed 50 differentially methylated genes between wild-type females and XY pseudo-females, identified through the analysis of KEGG pathways and GO enrichment in the promoter of the genome and differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Among these genes, multiple differential methylation sites observed within the srd5a2 gene. Repeatability tests confirmed 7 differential methylation sites in the srd5a2 gene in XY pseudo-females compared to normal males, with 1 specific differential methylation site (16608174) distinguishing XY pseudo-females from normal females. Interestingly, the expression of these genes in the transcriptome showed no difference between wild-type females and XY pseudo-females. Our study concluded that methylation of the srd5a2 gene sequence leads to decreased expression, which inhibits testosterone synthesis while promoting the synthesis of 17β-estradiol from testosterone. This underscores the significance of the srd5a2 gene in the sexual differentiation of channel catfish, as indicated by the ipu00140 KEGG pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Bingjie Xie
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ju Liu
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhengyong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Genetic Breeding Center of Channel Catfish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210027, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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2
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Jiang B, Lu S, Li Y, Badran MF, Dong Y, Xu P, Qiang J, Tao Y. Integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression in the brain during high temperature-induced masculinization of female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genomics 2024; 116:110856. [PMID: 38734154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important non-genetic sex differentiation factors for fish. The technique of high temperature-induced sex reversal is commonly used in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture, although the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. The brain is an essential organ for the regulation of neural signals involved in germ cell differentiation and gonad development. To investigate the regulatory roles of miRNAs-mRNAs in the conversion of female to male Nile tilapia gender under high-temperature stress, we compared RNA-Seq data from brain tissues between a control group (28 °C) and a high temperature-treated group (36 °C). The result showed that a total of 123,432,984 miRNA valid reads, 288,202,524 mRNA clean reads, 1128 miRNAs, and 32,918 mRNAs were obtained. Among them, there were 222 significant differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) and 810 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) between the two groups. Eight DE miRNAs and eight DE mRNAs were randomly selected, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. The miRNA-mRNA co-expression network demonstrated that 40 DE miRNAs targeted 136 protein-coding genes. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were involved in several gonadal differentiation pathways, including the oocyte meiosis signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation signaling pathway, cell cycle signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. Then, an interaction network was constructed for 8 miRNAs (mir-137-5p, let-7d, mir-1388-5p, mir-124-4-5p, mir-1306, mir-99, mir-130b and mir-21) and 10 mRNAs (smc1al, itpr2, mapk1, ints8, cpeb1b, bub1, fbxo5, mmp14b, cdk1 and hrasb) involved in the oocyte meiosis signaling pathway. These findings provide novel information about the mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated sex reversal in female Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - M F Badran
- Aquatic Hatchery Production Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yalun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Bókony V, Kalina C, Ujhegyi N, Mikó Z, Lefler KK, Vili N, Gál Z, Gabor CR, Hoffmann OI. Does stress make males? An experiment on the role of glucocorticoids in anuran sex reversal. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:172-181. [PMID: 38155497 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally sensitive sex determination may help organisms adapt to environmental change but also makes them vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors, with diverse consequences for population dynamics and evolution. The mechanisms translating environmental stimuli to sex are controversial: although several fish experiments supported the mediator role of glucocorticoid hormones, results on some reptiles challenged it. We tested this hypothesis in amphibians by investigating the effect of corticosterone on sex determination in agile frogs (Rana dalmatina). This species is liable to environmental sex reversal whereby genetic females develop into phenotypic males. After exposing tadpoles during sex determination to waterborne corticosterone, the proportion of genetic females with testes or ovotestes increased from 11% to up to 32% at 3 out of 4 concentrations. These differences were not statistically significant except for the group treated with 10 nM corticosterone, and there was no monotonous dose-effect relationship. These findings suggest that corticosterone is unlikely to mediate sex reversal in frogs. Unexpectedly, animals originating from urban habitats had higher sex-reversal and corticosterone-release rates, reduced body mass and development speed, and lower survival compared to individuals collected from woodland habitats. Thus, anthropogenic environments may affect both sex and fitness, and the underlying mechanisms may vary across ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bókony
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Kalina
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Ujhegyi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Mikó
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Katalin Lefler
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Nóra Vili
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Caitlin R Gabor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Orsolya Ivett Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Kitano J, Ansai S, Takehana Y, Yamamoto Y. Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:233-259. [PMID: 37863090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan;
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5
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Housh MJ, Telish J, Forsgren KL, Lema SC. Fluctuating and Stable High Temperatures Differentially Affect Reproductive Endocrinology of Female Pupfish. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae003. [PMID: 38464886 PMCID: PMC10924253 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For many fishes, reproductive function is thermally constrained such that exposure to temperatures above some upper threshold has detrimental effects on gametic development and maturation, spawning frequency, and mating behavior. Such impairment of reproductive performance at elevated temperatures involves changes to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling and diminished gonadal steroidogenesis. However, how HPG pathways respond to consistently high versus temporally elevated temperatures is not clear. Here, sexually mature Amargosa River Pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) were maintained under thermal regimes of either stable ∼25°C (low temperature), diurnal cycling temperatures between ∼27 and 35°C (fluctuating temperature), or stable ∼35°C (high temperature) conditions for 50 days to examine effects of these conditions on HPG endocrine signaling components in the pituitary gland and gonad, ovarian and testicular gametogenesis status, and liver gene expression relating to oogenesis. Female pupfish maintained under stable high and fluctuating temperature treatments showed reduced gonadosomatic index values as well as a lower proportion of oocytes in the lipid droplet and vitellogenic stages. Females in both fluctuating and stable 35°C conditions exhibited reduced ovarian mRNAs for steroid acute regulatory protein (star), cholesterol side chain-cleavage enzyme, P450scc (cyp11a1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3bhsd), while ovarian transcripts encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11bhsd) and sex hormone-binding globulin (shbg) were elevated in females at constant 35°C only. Ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a) mRNA levels were unaffected, but circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) was lower in females at 35°C compared to the fluctuating temperature condition. In the liver, mRNA levels for choriogenins and vitellogenin were downregulated in both the fluctuating and 35°C conditions, while hepatic estrogen receptor 2a (esr2a) and shbg mRNAs were elevated in 35°C females. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential for elevated temperatures to impair ovarian steroidogenesis and reduce egg envelope and vitellogenin protein production in female C. n. amargosae pupfish, while also shedding light on how thermal regimes that only intermittently reach the upper thermal range for reproduction have differential impacts on reproductive endocrine pathways than constantly warm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Housh
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - J Telish
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - K L Forsgren
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - S C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
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6
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Fagbémi MNA, Nivelle R, Muller M, Mélard C, Lalèyè P, Rougeot C. Effect of high temperatures on sex ratio and differential expression analysis (RNA-seq) of sex-determining genes in Oreochromis niloticus from different river basins in Benin. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2024; 9:dvad009. [PMID: 38487307 PMCID: PMC10939319 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The high temperature sex reversal process leading to functional phenotypic masculinization during development has been widely described in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis n iloticus) under laboratory or aquaculture conditions and in the wild. In this study, we selected five wild populations of O. niloticus from different river basins in Benin and produced twenty full-sib families of mixed-sex (XY and XX) by natural reproduction. Progenies were exposed to room temperature or high (36.5°C) temperatures between 10 and 30 days post-fertilization (dpf). In control groups, we observed sex ratios from 40% to 60% males as expected, except for 3 families from the Gobé region which showed a bias towards males. High temperature treatment significantly increased male rates in each family up to 88%. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on brains and gonads from control and treated batches of six families at 15 dpf and 40 dpf. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, differentially spliced genes, and correlations with sex reversal was performed. In 40 dpf gonads, genes involved in sex determination such as dmrt1, cyp11c1, amh, cyp19a1b, ara, and dax1 were upregulated. In 15 dpf brains, a negative correlation was found between the expression of cyp19a1b and the reversal rate, while at 40 dpf a negative correlation was found between the expression of foxl2, cyp11c1, and sf1 and positive correlation was found between dmrt1 expression and reversal rate. Ontology analysis of the genes affected by high temperatures revealed that male sex differentiation processes, primary male sexual characteristics, autophagy, and cilium organization were affected. Based on these results, we conclude that sex reversal by high temperature treatment leads to similar modifications of the transcriptomes in the gonads and brains in offspring of different natural populations of Nile tilapia, which thus may activate a common cascade of reactions inducing sex reversal in progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nambyl A Fagbémi
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lalèyè
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
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Wang Y, Su C, Liu Q, Hao X, Han S, Doretto LB, Rosa IF, Yang Y, Shao C, Wang Q. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Early Heat Stress Response in the Brain of Chinese Tongue Sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:84. [PMID: 38200815 PMCID: PMC10777917 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a common influencing factor in the environment, temperature greatly influences the fish that live in the water all their life. The essential economic fish Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), a benthic fish, will experience both physiological and behavioral changes due to increases in temperature. The brain, as the central hub of fish and a crucial regulatory organ, is particularly sensitive to temperature changes and will be affected. However, previous research has mainly concentrated on the impact of temperature on the gonads of C. semilaevis. Instead, our study examines the brain using transcriptomics to investigate specific genes and pathways that can quickly respond to temperature changes. The fish were subjected to various periods of heat stress (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 5 h) before extracting the brain for transcriptome analysis. After conducting transcriptomic analyses, we identified distinct genes and pathways in males and females. The pathways were mainly related to cortisol synthesis and secretion, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, TGF beta signaling pathway, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway, while the genes included the HSP family, tshr, c-fos, c-jun, cxcr4, camk2b, and igf2. Our study offers valuable insights into the regulation mechanisms of the brain's response to temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chengcheng Su
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Xiancai Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Shenglei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Lucas B. Doretto
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Ivana F. Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil;
| | - Yanjing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.S.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (S.H.); (L.B.D.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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8
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Yu Y, Chen M, Shen ZG. Molecular biological, physiological, cytological, and epigenetic mechanisms of environmental sex differentiation in teleosts: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115654. [PMID: 37918334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification, hypoxia, light pollution, and crowding, had a considerable negative impact on the life histology of aquatic animals, especially on sex differentiation (SDi) and the resulting sex ratios. Understanding how the sex of fish responds to stressful environments is of great importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of sex, the dynamics of the natural population in the changing world, and the precise application of sex control in aquaculture. This review conducted an exhaustive search of the available literature on the influence of environmental stress (ES) on SDi. Evidence has shown that all types of ES can affect SDi and universally result in an increase in males or masculinization, which has been reported in 100 fish species and 121 cases. Then, this comprehensive review aimed to summarize the molecular biology, physiology, cytology, and epigenetic mechanisms through which ES contributes to male development or masculinization. The relationship between ES and fish SDi from multiple aspects was analyzed, and it was found that environmental sex differentiation (ESDi) is the result of the combined effects of genetic and epigenetic factors, self-physiological regulation, and response to environmental signals, which involves a sophisticated network of various hormones and numerous genes at multiple levels and multiple gradations in bipotential gonads. In both normal male differentiation and ES-induced masculinization, the stress pathway and epigenetic regulation play important roles; however, how they co-regulate SDi is unclear. Evidence suggests that the universal emergence or increase in males in aquatic animals is an adaptation to moderate ES. ES-induced sex reversal should be fully investigated in more fish species and extensively in the wild. The potential aquaculture applications and difficulties associated with ESDi have also been addressed. Finally, the knowledge gaps in the ESDi are presented, which will guide the priorities of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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9
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Castañeda-Cortés DC, Rosa IF, Boan AF, Marrone D, Pagliaro N, Oliveira MA, Rodrigues MS, Doretto LB, Silva C, Tavares-Júnior J, Costa DF, Dodds MS, Strobl-Mazzulla PH, Langlois VS, Nóbrega RH, Fernandino JI. Thyroid axis participates in high-temperature-induced male sex reversal through its activation by the stress response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:253. [PMID: 37589787 PMCID: PMC11071808 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes alter the sex fate in about 15% of vertebrate orders, mainly in ectotherms such as fish and reptiles. However, the effects of temperature changes on the endocrine and molecular processes controlling gonadal sex determination are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that thyroid hormones (THs) act as co-players in heat-induced masculinization through interactions with the stress axis to promote testicular development. We first demonstrated that the thyroid axis (through thyroid-related genes and T3 levels) is highly active in males during the gonadal development in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Similarly, T3 treatments promoted female-to-male sex reversal in XX embryos. Subsequently, embryonic exposure to temperature-induced stress up-regulated the genes related to the thyroid and stress axes with a final increase in T3 levels. In this context, we show that blocking the stress axis response by the loss of function of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors suppresses thyroid-stimulating hormone expression, therefore, heat-induced activation of the thyroid axis. Thus, our data showed that early activation of the stress axis and, in consequence, the TH axis, too, leaves us with that both being important endocrine players in inducing female-to-male reversal, which can help predict possible upcoming physiological impacts of global warming on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Castañeda-Cortés
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ivana F Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustín F Boan
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Demian Marrone
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pagliaro
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Marcos A Oliveira
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira S Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tavares-Júnior
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Costa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María S Dodds
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodňany, Ceske Budejovice, 389 25, Czech Republic.
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
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10
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Moreno Acosta OD, Boan AF, Hattori RS, Fernandino JI. Notch pathway is required for protection against heat stress in spermatogonial stem cells in medaka. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:487-500. [PMID: 37126120 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gamete production is a fundamental process for reproduction; however, exposure to stress, such as increased environmental temperature, can decrease or even interrupt this process, affecting fertility. Thus, the survival of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is crucial for the recovery of spermatogenesis upon stressful situations. Here, we show that the Notch pathway is implicated in such survival, by protecting the SSCs against thermal stress. First, we corroborated the impairment of spermatogenesis under heat stress in medaka, observing an arrest in metaphase I at 10 days of heat treatment, an increase in the number of spermatocytes, and downregulation of ndrg1b and sycp3. In addition, at 30 days of treatment, an interruption of spermatogenesis was observed with a strong loss of spermatocytes and spermatids. Then, the exposure of adult males to thermal stress condition induced apoptosis mainly in spermatogenic and supporting somatic cells, with the exception of the germinal region, where SSCs are located. Concomitantly, the Notch pathway-related genes were upregulated, including the ligands (dll4, jag1-2) and receptors (notch1a-3). Moreover, during thermal stress presenilin enhancer-2 (pen-2), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase complex of the Notch pathway was restricted to the germinal region of the medaka testis, observed in somatic cells surrounding type A spermatogonia (SGa). The importance of Notch pathway was further supported by an ex vivo approach, in which the inhibition of this pathway activity induced a loss of SSCs. Overall, this study supports the importance of Notch pathways for the protection of SSCs under chronic thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar D Moreno Acosta
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina
| | - Agustín F Boan
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S Hattori
- Salmonid Experimental Station at Campos Do Jordão, UPD-CJ, Sao Paulo Fisheries Institute (APTA/SAA), Campos Do Jordao, Brazil
| | - Juan Ignacio Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomus, Argentina.
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11
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Amh/Amhr2 Signaling Causes Masculinization by Inhibiting Estrogen Synthesis during Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032480. [PMID: 36768803 PMCID: PMC9917198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) is a protein belonging to the TGF-β superfamily, the function of which has been considered important for male sex differentiation in vertebrates. The Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a teleost fish that has an XX/XY sex determination system and temperature-dependent sex determination. In this species, amh expression is up-regulated in genetic males and in temperature-induced masculinization during the sex differentiation period. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports on the Amh receptor (Amhr2) in flounder have been published, and the details of Amh signaling remain unclear. In this study, we produced amhr2-deficient mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed the gonadal phenotypes and sex-related genes. The results revealed that the gonads of genetically male amhr2 mutants featured typical ovaries, and the sex differentiation-related genes showed a female expression pattern. Thus, the loss of Amhr2 function causes male-to-female sex reversal in Japanese flounder. Moreover, the treatment of genetically male amhr2 mutants with an aromatase inhibitor fadrozole, which inhibits estrogen synthesis, resulted in testicular formation. These results strongly suggest that Amh/Amhr2 signaling causes masculinization by inhibiting estrogen synthesis during gonadal sex differentiation in the flounder.
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12
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de la Herrán R, Hermida M, Rubiolo JA, Gómez-Garrido J, Cruz F, Robles F, Navajas-Pérez R, Blanco A, Villamayor PR, Torres D, Sánchez-Quinteiro P, Ramirez D, Rodríguez ME, Arias-Pérez A, Cross I, Duncan N, Martínez-Peña T, Riaza A, Millán A, De Rosa MC, Pirolli D, Gut M, Bouza C, Robledo D, Rebordinos L, Alioto T, Ruíz-Rejón C, Martínez P. A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:886-904. [PMID: 36587276 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de la Herrán
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Hermida
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan Andres Rubiolo
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG-CRG), Centre de Regulació Genómica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Cruz
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG-CRG), Centre de Regulació Genómica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Robles
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Navajas-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Blanco
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Paula Rodriguez Villamayor
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Dorinda Torres
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Quinteiro
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública CASEM - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Esther Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública CASEM - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Arias-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública CASEM - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Cross
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública CASEM - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Neil Duncan
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Riaza
- Stolt Sea Farm SA, Departamento I+D, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - M Cristina De Rosa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC) - CNR c/o Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC) - CNR c/o Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Gut
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG-CRG), Centre de Regulació Genómica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Bouza
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Laureana Rebordinos
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública CASEM - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG-CRG), Centre de Regulació Genómica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Ruíz-Rejón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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13
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Hattori RS, Kumazawa K, Nakamoto M, Nakano Y, Yamaguchi T, Kitano T, Yamamoto E, Fuji K, Sakamoto T. Y-specific amh allele, amhy, is the master sex-determining gene in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007548. [PMID: 36186422 PMCID: PMC9523440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important marine fish species of both fisheries and aquaculture in Northeast Asia. The commercial interest for all-female progenies due to several sex-related traits has prompted basic research on the mechanisms of sex determination in this species. By conducting a linkage analysis of the sex-determining locus, we initially identified 12 microsatellite markers linked to sex in 11 scaffolds, whose localization was restricted to a specific region of linkage group 9. Sequence analysis of this region identified 181 genes based on the UniProt database annotations. Among them, the amh gene was considered a potential candidate for sex determination because this gene is known to have taken over the role of sex determination in many teleosts. An in-depth sequence analysis of both the coding and non-coding regions of amh in XX and XY individuals detected nine SNPs linked with maleness. However, because these substitutions were synonymous, the upstream and downstream regions of amh were also investigated and a male-specific variant with deletions in the promoter region was detected. This truncated Y-specific amh variant was named amhy, and the amh shared by both sexes was named amhx. The association analysis using both females and males of the genotypic sex inferred by the presence/absence of amhy found complete association with phenotypic sex and genotype. Gene expression analysis in larvae derived from a single-pair progeny by quantitative real-time PCR detected amhy transcripts in the larval trunks between 20 and 100 days after hatching only in XY larvae. Localization of amhy by in situ hybridization was detected in presumptive Sertoli cells of XY gonads. Expression of amhx was almost undetectable in both XX and XY genotypes. Loss of Amh function by CRISPR-Cas9 induced male-to-female sex reversal, indicating that this gene was necessary for the masculinization of XY individuals. In conclusion, the complete linkage of amhy with males, its early expression in XY gonads before testicular differentiation, and the induction of sex reversal by loss-of-function mutation support the view that amhy is the sex-determining gene in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Shohei Hattori
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kumazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamaguchi
- Nansei Field Station, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yamamoto
- Tottori Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Fuji
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Sakamoto,
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14
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Goikoetxea A, Todd EV, Muncaster S, Lokman PM, Thomas JT, Robertson HA, De Farias e Moraes CE, Gemmell NJ. Effects of cortisol on female-to-male sex change in a wrasse. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273779. [PMID: 36048785 PMCID: PMC9436091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex change occurs as a usual part of the life cycle for many teleost fish and the modifications involved (behavioural, gonadal, morphological) are well studied. However, the mechanism that transduces environmental cues into the molecular cascade that underlies this transformation remains unknown. Cortisol, the main stress hormone in fish, is hypothesised to be a key factor linking environmental stimuli with sex change by initiating gene expression changes that shift steroidogenesis from oestrogens to androgens but this notion remains to be rigorously tested. Therefore, this study aimed to experimentally test the role of cortisol as an initiator of sex change in a protogynous (female-to-male) hermaphrodite, the New Zealand spotty wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus). We also sought to identify potential key regulatory factors within the head kidney that may contribute to the initiation and progression of gonadal sex change. Cortisol pellets were implanted into female spotty wrasses under inhibitory conditions (presence of a male), and outside of the optimal season for natural sex change. Histological analysis of the gonads and sex hormone analyses found no evidence of sex change after 71 days of cortisol treatment. However, expression analyses of sex and stress-associated genes in gonad and head kidney suggested that cortisol administration did have a physiological effect. In the gonad, this included upregulation of amh, a potent masculinising factor, and nr3c1, a glucocorticoid receptor. In the head kidney, hsd11b2, which converts cortisol to inactive cortisone to maintain cortisol balance, was upregulated. Overall, our results suggest cortisol administration outside of the optimal sex change window is unable to initiate gonadal restructuring. However, our expression data imply key sex and stress genes are sensitive to cortisol. This includes genes expressed in both gonad and head kidney that have been previously implicated in early sex change in several sex-changing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goikoetxea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Erica V. Todd
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simon Muncaster
- Environmental Management Group, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - P. Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jodi T. Thomas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly A. Robertson
- Environmental Management Group, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Goikoetxea A, Servili A, Houdelet C, Mouchel O, Hermet S, Clota F, Aerts J, Fernandino JI, Allal F, Vandeputte M, Blondeau-Bidet E, Geffroy B. Natural cortisol production is not linked to the sexual fate of European sea bass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1117-1135. [PMID: 35917042 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cortisol and the determination of sexual fate in the commercially important European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). To test our hypothesis, we designed two temperature-based experiments (19 ℃, 21 ℃ and 23 ℃, experiment 1; 16 ℃ and 21 ℃, experiment 2) to assess the effects of these thermal treatments on European sea bass sex determination and differentiation. In the fish from the first experiment, we evaluated whether blood cortisol levels and expression of stress key regulatory genes were different between differentiating (149 to 183 dph) males and females. In the second experiment, we assessed whether cortisol accumulated in scales over time during the labile period for sex determination as well as the neuroanatomical localisation of brain cells expressing brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) differed between males and females undergoing molecular sex differentiation (117 to 124 dph). None of the gathered results allowed to detect differences between males and females regarding cortisol production and regulatory mechanisms. Altogether, our data provide strong physiological, molecular and histochemical evidence, indicating that in vivo cortisol regulation has no major effects on the sex of European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Camille Houdelet
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Olivier Mouchel
- Ifremer, IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fréderic Clota
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
| | | | - François Allal
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
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16
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Brown MS, Evans BS, Afonso LOB. Developmental changes in gene expression and gonad morphology during sex differentiation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Gene 2022; 823:146393. [PMID: 35248662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a globally important species for its value in fisheries and aquaculture, and as a research model. In order to characterise aspects of sex differentiation at the morphological and mRNA level in this species, the present study examined developmental changes in gonad morphology and gene expression in males and females between 0 and 79 days post hatch (dph). Morphological differentiation of the ovary (indicated by the formation of germ cell cysts) became apparent from 52 dph. By 79 dph, ovarian phenotype was evident in 100% of genotypic females. Testes remained in an undifferentiated-like state throughout the experiment, containing germ cells dispersed singularly within the gonadal region distal to the mesentery. There were no significant sex-related differences in gonad cross-section size, germ cell number or germ cell diameter during the experiment. The expression of genes involved in teleost sex differentiation (anti-müllerian hormone (amh), cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (cyp19a1a), forkhead box L2a (foxl2a), gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf), r-spondin 1 (rspo1), sexually dimorphic on the Y chromosome (sdY)), retinoic acid-signalling (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (aldh1a2), cytochrome P450 family 26 a1 (cyp26a1), cytochrome P450 family 26 b1 (cyp26b1), t-box transcription factor 1 (tbx1a)) and neuroestrogen production (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b (cyp19a1b)) was investigated. Significant sex-related differences were observed only for the expression of amh, cyp19a1a, gsdf and sdY. In males, amh, gsdf and sdY were upregulated from 34, 59 and 44 dph respectively. In females, cyp19a1a was upregulated from 66 dph. Independent of sex, foxl2a expression was highest at 0 dph and had reduced ∼ 47-fold by the time of morphological sex differentiation at 52 dph. This study provides new insights into the timing and sequence of some physiological changes associated with sex differentiation in Atlantic salmon. These findings also reveal that some aspects of the mRNA sex differentiation pathways in Atlantic salmon are unique compared to other teleost fishes, including other salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Warrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia.
| | - Brad S Evans
- Tassal Operations, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Luis O B Afonso
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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17
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Horiuchi M, Hagihara S, Kume M, Chushi D, Hasegawa Y, Itakura H, Yamashita Y, Adachi S, Ijiri S. Morphological and Molecular Gonadal Sex Differentiation in the Wild Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091554. [PMID: 35563858 PMCID: PMC9105286 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cultured Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) show male sex differentiation; however, natural gonadal sex differentiation has not been evaluated. In this study, this process was characterized in wild eels. Differentiated ovaries and testes were observed after the eels grew to 320 and 300 mm in total length, respectively. The youngest ovary and testis appeared at 3 and 4 years old, respectively; however, undifferentiated gonads were found up to 7 years, suggesting that sex differentiation was triggered by growth rather than aging. gsdf, amh, foxl2b and foxl3b were highly expressed in the testes, whereas figla, sox3, foxn5, zar1, and zp3 were highly expressed in the ovaries. The expression of cyp19a1a and foxl2a did not differ significantly between the testis and ovary. In the ovaries, the cyp19a1a and foxl2a levels were highest in the early stages, suggesting that their function is limited to early ovarian differentiation. The foxn5, zar1 and zp3 levels tended to increase in the later stages, suggesting that they function after the initiation of ovarian differentiation. In undifferentiated gonads, dimorphic gene expression was not observed, suggesting that the molecular sex differentiation phase is short and difficult to detect. These findings provide the first demonstration of the whole course of natural gonadal sex differentiation in eels at molecular and morphological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.H.); (D.C.); (Y.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Seishi Hagihara
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Chiba, Japan; (S.H.); (H.I.)
| | - Manabu Kume
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Daichi Chushi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.H.); (D.C.); (Y.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Yuya Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.H.); (D.C.); (Y.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Hikaru Itakura
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Chiba, Japan; (S.H.); (H.I.)
| | - Yoh Yamashita
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shinji Adachi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.H.); (D.C.); (Y.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.H.); (D.C.); (Y.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Othman R, Wang HP, Elabd H, Xie DK, Yao H, O’Bryant P, Rapp D. The effect of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, stress, and related gene expression in yellow perch. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267904. [PMID: 35507560 PMCID: PMC9067673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 180-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, cortisol level, and stress related gene expression. Yellow perch, Perca flavescens, with initial mean body weight of 0.03 ± 0.001 g were reared in three different stocking densities: 1, 2, and 4 fish/L, termed as low (LD), moderate (MD), and high (HD) density, respectively, in a flow-through tank system. Results showed no significant differences in sex ratio in all density groups compared to normal population 1:1, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) appeared when male and female were as small as the mean size reaching 11.5 cm and 12.3 cm in total length (TL) or 13.2g and 16.9g in body weight (BW), respectively. This female-biased sexual growth dimorphism was more pronounced in LD, although it was observed across all density groups. A significantly higher condition factor (K) of females than males in the LD group, and significantly higher R values of LD and MD than HD with the length/weight (L/W) linear relationships in females, were observed. Parallelly, fish reared in LD showed significantly higher mean body weight than those in the MD and HD groups, but there were no significant differences between the MD and HD. Similar results were also observed in all the other parameters of weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K), and survival. These findings suggested that high density not only affected growth itself, but also affected SSD, growth trajectory or body shape, and general wellbeing in fish, especially in females. There were no significant differences in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) among all the density groups; however, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of LD was significantly higher than MD and HD, suggesting high density affected liver reserves or functions. Physiologically, plasma cortisol level was significantly highest in the LD among all groups, followed by MD, and lowest in HD. At the molecular level, the expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes involved in cellular stress were significantly upregulated in the HD group. The most significantly downregulated expression of these genes was consistently observed in the MD when compared to the LD and HD groups. In conclusion, increasing density induced chronic stress in yellow perch without affecting sex differentiation, but negatively affected expression of stress-related genes and mobilization of liver reserve, resulting in poorer wellbeing and reduced SSD, growth, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Othman
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiam Elabd
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Ding-Kun Xie
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Hong Yao
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Paul O’Bryant
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Dean Rapp
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
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19
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Noëmie G, Béatrice G, Virginie C, Isabelle C, Fabien P, Patrice G, Olivier S. Multigenerational exposure to gamma radiation affects offspring differently over generations in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106101. [PMID: 35123208 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutigenerational studies are now of great interest in ecotoxicology and previous studies have shown the importance of conducting multigenerational studies when assessing radiation toxicity in fish. In our study, the first objective was to study the early life stages (embryo-larval stages) and critical functions such as reproduction (which are generally studied in the context of ecological risk assessment (ERA)), in order to assess the sensitivity of zebrafish to ionizing radiation. The second objective was to assess acquisition of phenotypic effects at select life stages over generations. To our knowledge, this was the first time that irradiation of zebrafish (0.05 and 5 mGy.h-1) up to generation F2 was maintained with the following two exposure conditions: (1) recovery, only F0 genitors were irradiated and the progeny were placed in control condition, (2) irradiated condition, all generations were exposed. Multigenerational irradiation affected F1 parental reproductive capacity (reproductive success) mainly over the first reproductive cycle (104d) and larval survival rate. Unexpected yet significant effects on sex ratio were observed in F1 progeny after parental irradiation (mainly at 5 mGy.h-1). These effects were observed for both conditions -irradiated and recovery- suggesting transmitted effects from F0 genitors to offspring. All studied life stages were affected by ionizing radiation (IR), suggesting an alteration of vital physiological functions (reproduction and sexual determination). Such results highlight the hypothesis that IR affects population dynamics. In addition, the clear evidence of transmitted effects suggests worsening of effects at the population scale over generations. This approach is closer to environmental conditions to assess wild population fate, and thus highlights the importance of multigenerational studies to support ERA of ionizing radiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirandy Noëmie
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France.
| | - Gagnaire Béatrice
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Camilleri Virginie
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Cavalié Isabelle
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Pierron Fabien
- UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, Arcachon 33120, France
| | - Gonzalez Patrice
- UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, Arcachon 33120, France
| | - Simon Olivier
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
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20
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Sexual plasticity in bony fishes: Analyzing morphological to molecular changes of sex reversal. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Budd AM, Robins JB, Whybird O, Jerry DR. Epigenetics underpins phenotypic plasticity of protandrous sex change in fish. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8730. [PMID: 35342607 PMCID: PMC8931711 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is an important driver of species resilience. Often mediated by epigenetic changes, phenotypic plasticity enables individual genotypes to express variable phenotypes in response to environmental change. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) are a protandrous (male-first) sequential hermaphrodite that exhibits plasticity in length-at-sex change between geographic regions. This plasticity is likely to be mediated by changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), a well-studied epigenetic modification. To investigate the relationships between length, sex, and DNAm in a sequential hermaphrodite, here, we compare DNAm in four conserved vertebrate sex-determining genes in male and female barramundi of differing lengths from three geographic regions of northern Australia. Barramundi first mature as male and later sex change to female upon the attainment of a larger body size; however, a general pattern of increasing female-specific DNAm markers with increasing length was not observed. Significant differences in DNAm between males and females of similar lengths suggest that female-specific DNAm arises rapidly during sex change, rather than gradually with fish growth. The findings also reveal that region-specific differences in length-at-sex change are accompanied by differences in DNAm and are consistent with variability in remotely sensed sea temperature and salinity. Together, these findings provide the first in situ evidence for epigenetically and environmentally mediated sex change in a protandrous hermaphrodite and offer significant insight into the molecular and ecological processes governing the marked and unique plasticity of sex in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Budd
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Julie B Robins
- Ecosciences Precinct Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Olivia Whybird
- Northern Fisheries Centre Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Dean R Jerry
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Tropical Futures Institute James Cook University Singapore City Singapore
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22
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Liu T, Li R, Liu L, Wu S, Zhang L, Li Y, Wei H, Shu Y, Yang Y, Wang S, Xing Q, Zhang L, Bao Z. The Effect of Temperature on Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803046. [PMID: 35174162 PMCID: PMC8841428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine organisms are generally poikilotherms, making seawater temperature one of the most important environmental factors affecting gonadal sex differentiation. Mollusca is the second-largest animal phylum with diverse reproductive systems, but studies on the impact of temperature on sex differentiation are limited to a few sequential hermaphrodites. By combining morphological and molecular analyses, we investigated the effect of temperature on gonadal sex differentiation of a commercially important gonochoristic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in the field and under laboratory conditions. Based on the relative expression of FoxL2 and Dmrt1L in the gonads of 6- to 12 month-old scallops, we found the scallops start to differentiate at 7 months old in September when the seawater temperature was 21°C. To eliminate the effect of factors other than temperature on sex differentiation, we compared the gonadal development of juvenile scallops at different temperatures (21, 16 and 11°C) under laboratory conditions. After 50 days of treatment, the 11°C group contain more germ cell types, and have higher sex differentiation rates than the 21°C group. But no obvious sex bias was observed. These results suggest that high temperature (21°C) inhibits sex differentiation, whereas low temperature (11°C) accelerates sex differentiation by 2 months for this cold-water species. It also supports juvenile P. yessoensis is gonochoristic rather than protandrous hermaphroditic. Our study addresses for the first time an environmental influence associated with genetic controls on scallop sex differentiation. It will facilitate a better understanding of how environmental factors affect gonadal development in poikilotherms, especially in the less studied molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huilan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Shu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Zhang,
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
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23
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Roles of Gonadotropin Receptors in Sexual Development of Medaka. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030387. [PMID: 35159197 PMCID: PMC8834109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are secreted from the pituitary and bind to the FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) to regulate gonadal development in vertebrates. Previously, using fshr-knockout (KO) medaka (Oryzias latipes), we demonstrated that FSH regulates ovarian development by elevating estrogen levels. However, the lhr-KO phenotype in medaka is poorly characterized. Here, we generated lhr-KO medaka using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique. We analyzed its phenotype and that of fshr-KO, lhr;fshr double-heterozygotes (double-hetero), and double-KO fish. All genetically male medaka displayed normal testes and were fertile, whereas fshr-KO and double-KO genetically female fish displayed small ovaries containing many early pre-vitellogenic oocytes and were infertile. Although lhr-KO genetically female fish had normal ovaries with full-grown oocytes, ovulation did not occur. Levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which is required for meiotic maturation of oocytes and sperm maturation in teleost fish, were significantly decreased in all KO female medaka ovaries except for double-heteros. Further, 17β-estradiol levels in fshr-KO and double-KO ovaries were significantly lower than those in double-heteros. These findings indicate that LH is necessary for oocyte maturation and FSH is necessary for follicle development, but that neither are essential for spermatogenesis in medaka.
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24
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Mukai K, Hara S, Sakima K, Nozu R, Yazawa T, Kitano T. Oxidative Stress Causes Masculinization of Genetically Female Medaka Without Elevating Cortisol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878286. [PMID: 35832427 PMCID: PMC9272773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system. Sex reversal from female-to-male (masculinization of XX fish) can be induced through cortisol elevation from exposure to environmental stress such as high temperature during sexual differentiation. However, the effects of oxidative stress, generated via metabolic reactions and biological defense mechanisms, on the sexual differentiation of medaka are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress on medaka sexual differentiation using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which induces oxidative stress in vertebrates. H2O2 treatment from 0 to 5 days post-hatching induced masculinization of wild-type XX medaka, but not of gonadal soma-derived growth factor (gsdf) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-a (pparaa) knockout XX fish. Co-treatment with an oxidative stress inhibitor caused masculinization recovery but co-treatment with a cortisol synthesis inhibitor did not. H2O2 treatment significantly upregulated gsdf and pparaa expression in XX medaka. However, H2O2 did not elevate cortisol levels in medaka larvae during sexual differentiation. These results strongly indicate that oxidative stress induces masculinization of XX medaka without causing elevation of cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Mukai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Konosuke Sakima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Nozu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takeshi Kitano,
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25
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Geffroy B, Besson M, Sánchez-Baizán N, Clota F, Goikoetxea A, Sadoul B, Ruelle F, Blanc MO, Parrinello H, Hermet S, Blondeau-Bidet E, Pratlong M, Piferrer F, Vandeputte M, Allal F. Unraveling the genotype by environment interaction in a thermosensitive fish with a polygenic sex determination system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2112660118. [PMID: 34880131 PMCID: PMC8685686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most animals, sex determination occurs at conception, when sex chromosomes are segregated following Mendelian laws. However, in multiple reptiles and fishes, this genetic sex can be overridden by external factors after fertilization or birth. In some species, the genetic sex may also be governed by multiple genes, further limiting our understanding of sex determination in such species. We used the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a model and combined genomic (using a single nucleotide polymorphism chip) and transcriptomic (RNA-Sequencing) approaches to thoroughly depict this polygenic sex determination system and its interaction with temperature. We estimated genetic sex tendency (eGST), defined as the estimated genetic liability to become a given sex under a liability threshold model for sex determination, which accurately predicts the future phenotypic sex. We found evidence that energetic pathways, concerning the regulation of lipids and glucose, are involved in sex determination and could explain why females tend to exhibit higher energy levels and improved growth compared to males. Besides, early exposure to high-temperature up-regulated sox3, followed by sox9a in individuals with intermediate eGST, but not in individuals showing highly female-biased eGST, providing the most parsimonious explanation for temperature-induced masculinization. This gonadal state was maintained likely by DNA methylation and the up-regulation of several genes involved in histone modifications, including jmjd1c Overall, we describe a sex determination system resulting from continuous genetic and environmental influences in an animal. Our results provide significant progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying temperature-induced masculinization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France;
| | - Mathieu Besson
- SYSAAF, Station LPGP/INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Núria Sánchez-Baizán
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Clota
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - François Ruelle
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Marie-Odile Blanc
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Blondeau-Bidet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts normal epigenetic aging in Japanese medaka. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22752-22771. [PMID: 34644261 PMCID: PMC8544305 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the epigenome are a hallmark of biological aging and age-dependent patterning of the DNA methylome ("epigenetic aging") can be modeled to produce epigenetic age predictors. Rates of epigenetic aging vary amongst individuals and correlate to the onset of age-related disease and all-cause mortality. Yet, the origins of epigenetic-to-chronological age discordance are not empirically resolved. Here, we investigate the relationship between aging, DNA methylation, and environmental exposures in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We find age-associated DNA methylation patterning enriched in genomic regions of low CpG density and that, similar to mammals, most age-related changes occur during early life. We construct an epigenetic clock capable of predicting chronological age with a mean error of 61.1 days (~8.4% of average lifespan). To test the role of environmental factors in driving epigenetic age variation, we exposed medaka to chronic, environmentally relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Because most organisms share an evolutionary history with ionizing radiation, we hypothesized that exposure would reveal fundamental insights into environment-by-epigenetic aging interactions. Radiation exposure disrupted epigenetic aging by accelerating and decelerating normal age-associated patterning and was most pronounced in cytosines that were moderately associated with age. These findings empirically demonstrate the role of DNA methylation in integrating environmental factors into aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Marilyn W. Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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27
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Gong Y, Chai J, Yang M, Sun P, Sun R, Dong W, Li Q, Zhou D, Yu F, Wang Y, Yan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Ba Y, Zhou G. Effects of ambient temperature on the risk of preterm birth in offspring of adolescent mothers in rural henan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111545. [PMID: 34171374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have explored the association between ambient temperature and preterm birth (PTB), but rarely among adolescent mothers. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effects of ambient temperature on the risk of PTB and gestational age of newborns delivered by adolescent mothers in rural areas of Henan province. METHODS We obtained 5394 medical records of adolescent mothers with results of pre-pregnancy physical examination and pregnancy outcomes from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) in Henan province. Meteorological information was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. Individual exposure levels were evaluated with an inverse distance-weighted model. A multiple logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model were used to estimate the effects of ambient temperature on the risk of PTB and gestational age, respectively. Stratified and interaction analyses were also performed. RESULTS Of newborns in this study, 3.45% (186/5394) were PTB. Mean, maximum and minimum temperature during the entire pregnancy, especially the last 1-4 weeks of pregnancy, were positively associated with the risk of PTB and negatively associated with gestational age (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, a masking effect was observed that gestational age was positively associated with ambient temperature during the first trimester of pregnancy, due to the strongly inverse correlation between ambient temperature during the early and late stages of pregnancy. Stratified analyses showed that increasing temperature during the last 1-4 weeks of pregnancy increased the risk of PTB and decreased gestational age in newborns born in the cold season (P < 0.05). Furthermore, interaction analyses showed that birth season modified the effects of temperature on the gestational age (Pinteraction < 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Elevated ambient temperature can decrease gestational age and increase the risk of PTB in offspring of adolescent mothers in rural areas. The birth season may modify the effects of temperature on gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Gong
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jian Chai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Panpan Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Renjie Sun
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wei Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Qinyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Dezhuang Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regional Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital; Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Junxi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environment Health Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Lifang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regional Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regional Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
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28
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Vissio PG, Di Yorio MP, Pérez-Sirkin DI, Somoza GM, Tsutsui K, Sallemi JE. Developmental aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary network related to reproduction in teleost fish. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100948. [PMID: 34678303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is the main system that regulates reproduction in vertebrates through a complex network that involves different neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and pituitary hormones. Considering that this axis is established early on life, the main goal of the present work is to gather information on its development and the actions of its components during early life stages. This review focuses on fish because their neuroanatomical characteristics make them excellent models to study neuroendocrine systems. The following points are discussed: i) developmental functions of the neuroendocrine components of this network, and ii) developmental disruptions that may impact adult reproduction. The importance of the components of this network and their susceptibility to external/internal signals that can alter their specific early functions and/or even the establishment of the reproductive axis, indicate that more studies are necessary to understand this complex and dynamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G Vissio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María P Di Yorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Pérez-Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Julieta E Sallemi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Myla A, Dasmahapatra AK, Tchounwou PB. Sex-reversal and Histopathological Assessment of Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Graphene Oxide on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) Larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130768. [PMID: 34134430 PMCID: PMC8217731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex-ratio is considered as an end point during endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) evaluation. Many fish species including Japanese medaka have XX/XY sex determination mechanism, however, sex reversal (SR) can be induced by external and genetic factors. SR imposed an imbalance in natural sex ratio of a population living in any ecosystem. Considering SR as an end point, we aimed to investigate the potential EDC effects of graphene oxide (GO), a nanocarbon, using Japanese medaka as a model. One-day post-hatch (dph) medaka fries were exposed to GO (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20 mg/L) for 96 h without food, followed by 6 weeks depuration in a GO-free environment with feeding. Phenotypic sex was determined by gonad histology; genotypic sex by genotyping Y-chromosome-specific male sex determining gene, dmy. Our data indicated testes in both XY and XX genotypes, while ovaries were only in XX females. Histopathology of XY and XX testis showed isogenic spermatocysts with active spermatogenesis. Distribution of spermatocytes (SPTs), not the spermatogonium (SPGs), showed enhancement in XY than XX testis. Female phenotypes had single ovary, either in stage 0 or 1. Ovo-testis/testis-ova were absent in XX or XY gonads. GO (2.5-20 mg/L) had inconsistent concentration-dependent effect in both SPGs and SPTs; however, no effect on ovarian follicles. Despite genotypic differences (XY/XX), in the histopathology/histochemistry of liver and kidneys GO effects was found to be minimum. Taken together, present study showed spontaneous induction of SR in some XX genotypes; however, exposure of fasting fries to GO had no apparent EDC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Myla
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Division, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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30
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Sakae Y, Tanaka M. Metabolism and Sex Differentiation in Animals from a Starvation Perspective. Sex Dev 2021; 15:168-178. [PMID: 34284403 DOI: 10.1159/000515281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals determine their sex genetically (GSD: genetic sex determination) and/or environmentally (ESD: environmental sex determination). Medaka (Oryzias latipes) employ a XX/XY GSD system, however, they display female-to-male sex reversal in response to various environmental changes such as temperature, hypoxia, and green light. Interestingly, we found that 5 days of starvation during sex differentiation caused female-to-male sex reversal. In this situation, the metabolism of pantothenate and fatty acid synthesis plays an important role in sex reversal. Metabolism is associated with other biological factors such as germ cells, HPG axis, lipids, and epigenetics, and supplys substances and acts as signal transducers. In this review, we discuss the importance of metabolism during sex differentiation and how metabolism contributes to sex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sakae
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Adolfi MC, Herpin A, Schartl M. The replaceable master of sex determination: bottom-up hypothesis revisited. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200090. [PMID: 34247496 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different group of vertebrates and invertebrates demonstrate an amazing diversity of gene regulations not only at the top but also at the bottom of the sex determination genetic network. As early as 1995, based on emerging findings in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, Wilkins suggested that the evolution of the sex determination pathway evolved from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy. Based on our current knowledge, this review revisits the 'bottom-up' hypothesis and applies its logic to vertebrates. The basic operation of the determination network is through the dynamics of the opposing male and female pathways together with a persistent need to maintain the sexual identity of the cells of the gonad up to the reproductive stage in adults. The sex-determining trigger circumstantially acts from outside the genetic network, but the regulatory network is not built around it as a main node, thus maintaining the genetic structure of the network. New sex-promoting genes arise either through allelic diversification or gene duplication and act specially at the sex-determination period, without integration into the complete network. Due to this peripheral position the new regulator is not an indispensable component of the sex-determining network and can be easily replaced. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Contar Adolfi
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRA, UR 1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000 Rennes, France.,State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.,Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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32
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Myosho T, Hattori M, Yamamoto J, Toda M, Okamura T, Onishi Y, Takehana Y, Kobayashi T. Effects of synthetic sex steroid hormone exposures on gonadal sex differentiation and dynamics of a male-related gene, Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) and an estrogen up-regulated gene, Choriogenine-H (ChgH) gene expression in the euryhaline Javafish medaka, Oryzias javanicus, based on genetic sexes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129893. [PMID: 33979926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the basal aspects of sexual development in Javafish medaka, Oryzias javanicus (ZZ/ZW), a model marine species for ecotoxicity testing, we examined the details of gonadal sex differentiation and exogenous sex hormone-dependent sex reversals using genetic sex-linked DNA markers. Sex differences in germ cell numbers were observed at 5 days post hatching (dph), in which there was a significant increase in the germ cells of ZW. In ZW, diplotene oocytes and the ovarian cavity appeared at approximately 10, and 30 dph, respectively. In ZZ, spermatogonial proliferation was observed at approximately 20 dph. A ZZ-dominant expression of Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) mRNA was detected before hatching. The exposure of embryos to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) did not cause sex reversals in most cases. However, EE2 exposures led to significant Choriogenin-H (ChgH) mRNA expression, an estrogen up-regulated gene, in all fry; these exposures did not suppress Gsdf expression in ZZ fry. The exposure of embryos to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT; 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) caused sex reversals but only at low frequencies in ZW and ZZ fish. Although the 10 ng/mL MT exposure was accompanied by induction of significant Gsdf expression in ZW fry, induction of ChgH expression was also observed in several fry. Together, the present study indicates for the first time that male-dominant sexual dimorphic expression of Gsdf precedes the first morphological sex difference, i.e., the sex difference in germ cell number, and results strongly suggest that exogenous sex hormone-dependent sex reversal is not induced easily in O. javanicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijun Myosho
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Minako Hattori
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Misa Toda
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Okamura
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yuta Onishi
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Department of Animal Bio-Science, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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33
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Casas L, Saborido-Rey F. Environmental Cues and Mechanisms Underpinning Sex Change in Fish. Sex Dev 2021; 15:108-121. [PMID: 34111868 DOI: 10.1159/000515274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishes are the only vertebrates that undergo sex change during their lifetime, but even within this group, a unique reproductive strategy is displayed by only 1.5% of the teleosts. This lability in alternating sexual fate is the result of the simultaneous suppression and activation of opposing male and female networks. Here, we provide a brief review summarizing recent advances in our understanding of the environmental cues that trigger sex change and their perception, integration, and translation into molecular cascades that convert the sex of an individual. We particularly focus on molecular events underpinning the complex behavioral and morphological transformation involved in sex change, dissecting the main molecular players and regulatory networks that shape the transformation of one sex into the opposite. We show that histological changes and molecular pathways governing gonadal reorganization are better described than the neuroendocrine basis of sex change and that, despite important advances, information is lacking for the majority of hermaphrodite species. We highlight significant gaps in our knowledge of how sex change takes place and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casas
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Fran Saborido-Rey
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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34
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Strüssmann CA, Yamamoto Y, Hattori RS, Fernandino JI, Somoza GM. Where the Ends Meet: An Overview of Sex Determination in Atheriniform Fishes. Sex Dev 2021; 15:80-92. [PMID: 33951664 DOI: 10.1159/000515191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheriniform fishes have recently emerged as attractive models for evolutionary, ecological, and molecular/physiological studies on sex determination. Many species in this group have marked temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and yet many species also have a sex determinant gene that provides a strong drive for male differentiation. Thus, in these species the 2 forms of sex determination that were once considered to be mutually exclusive, environmental (ESD) and genotypic (GSD) sex determination, can coexist at environmentally relevant conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on sex determination in atheriniform fishes with emphasis on the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ESD and GSD, the coexistence and cross-talk between these 2 mechanisms, the possibility of extragonadal transduction of environmental information and/or extragonadal onset of sex determination, and the results of field studies applying novel tools such as otolith increment analysis and molecular markers of genetic sex developed for selected New World and Old World atheriniform species. We also discuss the existence of molecular and histological mechanisms to prevent the discrepant differentiation in parts of the gonads because of ambiguous or conflicting environmental and genetic signals and particularly the possibility that the female is the default state in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo S Hattori
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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35
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Rousseau K, Prunet P, Dufour S. Special features of neuroendocrine interactions between stress and reproduction in teleosts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113634. [PMID: 33045232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress and reproduction are both essential functions for vertebrate survival, ensuring on one side adaptative responses to environmental changes and potential life threats, and on the other side production of progeny. With more than 25,000 species, teleosts constitute the largest group of extant vertebrates, and exhibit a large diversity of life cycles, environmental conditions and regulatory processes. Interactions between stress and reproduction are a growing concern both for conservation of fish biodiversity in the frame of global changes and for the development of sustainability of aquaculture including fish welfare. In teleosts, as in other vertebrates, adverse effects of stress on reproduction have been largely documented and will be shortly overviewed. Unexpectedly, stress notably via cortisol, may also facilitate reproductive function in some teleost species in relation to their peculiar life cyles and this review will provide some examples. Our review will then mainly address the neuroendocrine axes involved in the control of stress and reproduction, namely the corticotropic and gonadotropic axes, as well as their interactions. After reporting some anatomo-functional specificities of the neuroendocrine systems in teleosts, we will describe the major actors of the corticotropic and gonadotropic axes at the brain-pituitary-peripheral glands (interrenals and gonads) levels, with a special focus on the impact of teleost-specific whole genome duplication (3R) on the number of paralogs and their potential differential functions. We will finally review the current knowledge on the neuroendocrine mechanisms of the various interactions between stress and reproduction at different levels of the two axes in teleosts in a comparative and evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Prunet
- INRAE, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France.
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36
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Castañeda-Cortés DC, Zhang J, Boan AF, Langlois VS, Fernandino JI. High temperature stress response is not sexually dimorphic at the whole-body level and is dependent on androgens to induce sex reversal. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113605. [PMID: 32866474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular and endocrine mechanisms behind environmentally-induced sex reversal in fish is of great importance in the context of predicting the potential effects of climate change, especially increasing temperature. Here, we demonstrate the global effects of high temperature on genome-wide transcription in medaka (Oryzias latipes) during early development. Interestingly, data analysis did not show sexual dimorphic changes, demonstrating that thermal stress is not dependent on genotypic sex. Additionally, our results revealed significant changes in several pathways under high temperature, such as stress response from brain, steroid biosynthesis, epigenetic mechanisms, and thyroid hormone biosynthesis, among others. These microarray data raised the question of what the exact molecular and hormonal mechanisms of action are for female-to-male sex reversal under high temperatures in fish. Complementary gene expression analysis revealed that androgen-related genes increase in females (XX) experiencing high water temperature. To test the involvement of androgens in thermal-induced sex reversal, an androgen antagonist was used to treat XX medaka under a high-temperature setup. Data clearly demonstrated failure of female-to-male sex reversal when androgen action is inhibited, corroborating the importance of androgens in environmentally-induced sex reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Castañeda-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agustín F Boan
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina.
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37
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Maradonna F, Gioacchini G, Notarstefano V, Fontana CM, Citton F, Dalla Valle L, Giorgini E, Carnevali O. Knockout of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Impairs Reproduction in Female Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9073. [PMID: 33260663 PMCID: PMC7729492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of glucocorticoids in metabolic, developmental, immune and stress response processes have been extensively investigated; conversely, their roles in reproduction are still less documented. It is well known that stress or long-lasting therapies can cause a strong increase in these hormones, negatively affecting reproduction. Moreover, the need of glucocorticoid (GC) homeostatic levels is highlighted by the reduced fertility reported in the zebrafish glucocorticoid receptor mutant (nr3c1ia30/ia30) line (hereafter named gr-/-). Starting from such evidence, in this study, we have investigated the role of glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) in the reproduction of female zebrafish. Key signals orchestrating the reproductive process at the brain, liver, and ovarian levels were analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach. An impairment of the kiss-GnRH system was observed at the central level in (gr-/-) mutants as compared to wild-type (wt) females while, in the liver, vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA transcription was not affected. Changes were instead observed in the ovary, particularly in maturing and fully grown follicles (classes III and IV), as documented by the mRNA levels of signals involved in oocyte maturation and ovulation. Follicles isolated from gr-/- females displayed a decreased level of signals involved in the acquisition of competence and maturation, causing a reduction in ovulation with respect to wt females. Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) analysis of gr-/- follicle cytoplasm showed major changes in macromolecule abundance and distribution with a clear alteration of oocyte composition. Finally, differences in the molecular structure of the zona radiata layer of gr-/- follicles are likely to contribute to the reduced fertilization rate observed in mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche snc, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (V.N.); (E.G.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute—Interuniversity Consortium, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche snc, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (V.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche snc, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (V.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Citton
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche snc, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (V.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche snc, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (V.N.); (E.G.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute—Interuniversity Consortium, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
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38
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Goikoetxea A, Damsteegt EL, Todd EV, McNaughton A, Gemmell NJ, Lokman PM. An in vitro ovarian explant culture system to examine sex change in a hermaphroditic fish. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10323. [PMID: 33240644 PMCID: PMC7666549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many teleost fishes undergo natural sex change, and elucidating the physiological and molecular controls of this process offers unique opportunities not only to develop methods of controlling sex in aquaculture settings, but to better understand vertebrate sexual development more broadly. Induction of sex change in some sequentially hermaphroditic or gonochoristic fish can be achieved in vivo through social manipulation, inhibition of aromatase activity, or steroid treatment. However, the induction of sex change in vitro has been largely unexplored. In this study, we established an in vitro culture system for ovarian explants in serum-free medium for a model sequential hermaphrodite, the New Zealand spotty wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus). This culture technique enabled evaluating the effect of various treatments with 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) or cortisol (CORT) on spotty wrasse ovarian architecture for 21 days. A quantitative approach to measuring the degree of ovarian atresia within histological images was also developed, using pixel-based machine learning software. Ovarian atresia likely due to culture was observed across all treatments including no-hormone controls, but was minimised with treatment of at least 10 ng/mL E2. Neither 11KT nor CORT administration induced proliferation of spermatogonia (i.e., sex change) in the cultured ovaries indicating culture beyond 21 days may be needed to induce sex change in vitro. The in vitro gonadal culture and analysis systems established here enable future studies investigating the paracrine role of sex steroids, glucocorticoids and a variety of other factors during gonadal sex change in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin L Damsteegt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erica V Todd
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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39
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Nagahama Y, Chakraborty T, Paul-Prasanth B, Ohta K, Nakamura M. Sex determination, gonadal sex differentiation, and plasticity in vertebrate species. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1237-1308. [PMID: 33180655 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of sex determination (SD) mechanisms, encompassing environmental to genetic, have been found to exist among vertebrates, covering a spectrum from fixed SD mechanisms (mammals) to functional sex change in fishes (sequential hermaphroditic fishes). A major landmark in vertebrate SD was the discovery of the SRY gene in 1990. Since that time, many attempts to clone an SRY ortholog from nonmammalian vertebrates remained unsuccessful, until 2002, when DMY/dmrt1by was discovered as the SD gene of a small fish, medaka. Surprisingly, however, DMY/dmrt1by was found in only 2 species among more than 20 species of medaka, suggesting a large diversity of SD genes among vertebrates. Considerable progress has been made over the last 3 decades, such that it is now possible to formulate reasonable paradigms of how SD and gonadal sex differentiation may work in some model vertebrate species. This review outlines our current understanding of vertebrate SD and gonadal sex differentiation, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. An impressive number of genes and factors have been discovered that play important roles in testicular and ovarian differentiation. An antagonism between the male and female pathway genes exists in gonads during both sex differentiation and, surprisingly, even as adults, suggesting that, in addition to sex-changing fishes, gonochoristic vertebrates including mice maintain some degree of gonadal sexual plasticity into adulthood. Importantly, a review of various SD mechanisms among vertebrates suggests that this is the ideal biological event that can make us understand the evolutionary conundrums underlying speciation and species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Japan.,Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Japan.,Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukouka, Japan.,Karatsu Satellite of Aqua-Bioresource Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Karatsu, Japan
| | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kohei Ohta
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukouka, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakamura
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Research Center, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, Okinawa, Japan
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40
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Hattori RS, Castañeda-Cortés DC, Arias Padilla LF, Strobl-Mazzulla PH, Fernandino JI. Activation of stress response axis as a key process in environment-induced sex plasticity in fish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4223-4236. [PMID: 32367192 PMCID: PMC11104976 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of sex is an important hallmark in the life cycle of organisms, in which the fate of gonads and then the individual sex are defined. In gonochoristic teleost fish, this process is characterized by a high plasticity, considering that in spite of genotypic sex many environmental factors can cause shifts from one to another molecular pathway, resulting in organisms with mismatching genotypic and phenotypic sexes. Interestingly, in most instances, both female-to-male or male-to-female sex-reversed individuals develop functional gonads with normal gametogenesis and respective progenies with full viability. The study of these mechanisms is being spread to other non-model species or to those inhabiting more extreme environmental conditions. Although water temperature is an important mechanism involved in sex determination, there are other environmental stressors affected by the climate change which are also implicated in stress response-induced masculinization in fish. In this regard, the brain has emerged as the transducer of the environment input that can influence the gonadal fate. Furthermore, the evaluation of other environmental stressors or their synergic effect on sex determination at conditions that simulate the natural environments is growing gradually. Within such scope, the concerns related to climate change impacts rely on the fact that many of biotic and abiotic parameters reported to affect sex ratios are expected to increase concomitantly as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions and, particularly worrying, many of them are related to male bias in the populations, such as high temperature, hypoxia, and acidity. These environmental changes can also generate epigenetic changes in sex-related genes affecting their expression, with implications on sex differentiation not only of exposed individuals but also in following generations. The co-analysis of multi-stressors with potential inter- and transgenerational effects is essential to allow researchers to perform long-term predictions on climate change impacts in wild populations and for establishing highly accurate monitoring tools and suitable mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Hattori
- Salmonid Experimental Station at Campos do Jordão, UPD-CJ (APTA/SAA), Campos do Jordão, Brazil
| | - D C Castañeda-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - L F Arias Padilla
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - P H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - J I Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
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41
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Wang Q, Hao X, Liu K, Feng B, Li S, Zhang Z, Tang L, Mahboob S, Shao C. Early response to heat stress in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis): performance of different sexes, candidate genes and networks. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:745. [PMID: 33109079 PMCID: PMC7590793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature is known to affect living organisms and alter the expression of responsive genes, which affects a series of life processes, such as development, reproduction and metabolism. Several genes and gene families have been involved in high temperature responses, such as heat shock protein (hsp) family, Jumonji family and genes related to cortisol synthesis. Gonad is a vital organ related to the existence of a species. However, the comprehensive understanding of gonadal responses to environmental temperature is limited. RESULTS To explore the effects of environmental temperature on genes and gene networks in gonads, we performed acute heat treatment (48 h) on Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Gonadal transcriptome analysis was conducted on females, pseudomales and males exposed to high (28 °C) and normal (22 °C) temperatures. A total of 1226.24 million clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries. Principal component analysis (PCA) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed different performance of sex responses to heat stress. There were 4565, 790 and 1117 specific genes altered their expression level in females, pseudomales and males, respectively. Of these, genes related to hsp gene family, cortisol synthesis and metabolism and epigenetic regulation were involved in early heat response. Furthermore, a total of 1048 DEGs were shared among females, pesudomales and males, which may represent the inherent difference between high and normal temperatures. Genes, such as eef1akmt3, eef1akmt4, pnmt and hsp family members, were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results depicted for the first time the gonadal gene expression under acute high temperature treatment in Chinese tongue sole. The findings may provide a clue for understanding the responses of genes and networks to environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiancai Hao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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42
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Geffroy B, Wedekind C. Effects of global warming on sex ratios in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:596-606. [PMID: 32524610 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, sex is determined by genetics, the environment or an interaction of both. Temperature is among the most important environmental factors that can affect sex determination. As a consequence, changes in temperature at critical developmental stages can induce biases in primary sex ratios in some species. However, early sex ratios can also be biased by sex-specific tolerances to environmental stresses that may, in some cases, be amplified by changes in water temperature. Sex-specific reactions to environmental stress have been observed at early larval stages before gonad formation starts. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between temperature effects on sex determination, generally acting through the stress axis or epigenetic mechanisms, and temperature effects on sex-specific mortality. Both are likely to affect sex ratios and hence population dynamics. Moreover, in cases where temperature effects on sex determination lead to genotype-phenotype mismatches, long-term effects on population dynamics are possible, for example temperature-induced masculinization potentially leading to the loss of Y chromosomes or feminization to male-biased operational sex ratios in future generations. To date, most studies under controlled conditions conclude that if temperature affects sex ratios, elevated temperatures mostly lead to a male bias. The few studies that have been performed on wild populations seem to confirm this general trend. Recent findings suggest that transgenerational plasticity could mitigate the effects of warming on sex ratios in some populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Straková B, Rovatsos M, Kubička L, Kratochvíl L. Evolution of Sex Determination in Amniotes: Did Stress and Sequential Hermaphroditism Produce Environmental Determination? Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000050. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Straková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Praha 2 12844 Czech Republic
| | - Michail Rovatsos
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Praha 2 12844 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubička
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Praha 2 12844 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Praha 2 12844 Czech Republic
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44
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Hara S, Furukawa F, Mukai K, Yazawa T, Kitano T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is involved in the temperature-induced sex differentiation of a vertebrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11672. [PMID: 32669596 PMCID: PMC7363821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system, similar to that of mammals. However, under high temperature conditions, XX medaka is masculinised by elevation of cortisol, the major teleost glucocorticoid. In this study, to identify novel factors in the gonads acting downstream from cortisol during sexual differentiation, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using the gonadal regions of larvae reared at normal temperature with and without cortisol, and at high temperature. The RNA-seq and real-time PCR analyses showed that expression of some peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signalling-targeted genes was increased by cortisol. PPARα agonist treatment induced masculinisation of XX medaka in some cases, and co-treatment of the agonist with cortisol further induced masculinisation, whereas treatment of pparaa knockout medaka with cortisol or the agonist did not induce masculinisation. This study provides the first evidence that PPARα is involved in environmental sex determination in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Mukai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
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45
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Servili A, Canario AVM, Mouchel O, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Climate change impacts on fish reproduction are mediated at multiple levels of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 291:113439. [PMID: 32061640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have generated rapid variations in atmospheric composition which drives major climate changes. Climate change related effects include changes in physico-chemical proprieties of sea and freshwater, such as variations in water temperature, salinity, pH/pCO2 and oxygen content, which can impact fish critical physiological functions including reproduction. In this context, the main aim of the present review is to discuss how climate change related effects (variation in water temperature and salinity, increases in duration and frequency of hypoxia events, water acidification) would impact reproduction by affecting the neuroendocrine axis (brain-pituitary-gonad axis). Variations in temperature and photoperiod regimes are known to strongly affect sex differentiation and the timing and phenology of spawning period in several fish species. Temperature mainly acts at the level of gonad by interfering with steroidogenesis, (notably on gonadal aromatase activity) and gametogenesis. Temperature is also directly involved in the quality of released gametes and embryos development. Changes in salinity or water acidification are especially associated with reduction of sperm quality and reproductive output. Hypoxia events are able to interact with gonad steroidogenesis by acting on the steroids precursor cholesterol availability or directly on aromatase action, with an impact on the quality of gametes and reproductive success. Climate change related effects on water parameters likely influence also the reproductive behavior of fish. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of these effects are not always understood, in this review we discuss different hypothesis and propose future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Olivier Mouchel
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - José Antonio Muñoz-Cueto
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR, Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) and European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), E11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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46
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Sakae Y, Oikawa A, Sugiura Y, Mita M, Nakamura S, Nishimura T, Suematsu M, Tanaka M. Starvation causes female-to-male sex reversal through lipid metabolism in the teleost fish, medaka ( Olyzias latipes). Biol Open 2020; 9:9/4/bio050054. [PMID: 32265199 PMCID: PMC7132775 DOI: 10.1242/bio.050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), employs the XX/XY genetic sex determination system. We show here that the phenotypic sex of medaka is affected by changes in lipid metabolism. Medaka larvae subjected to 5 days of starvation underwent female-to-male sex reversal. Metabolomic and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that pantothenate metabolism was suppressed by starvation. Consistently, inhibiting the pantothenate metabolic pathway caused sex reversal. The final metabolite in this pathway is coenzyme A, an essential factor for lipogenesis. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, the first step of lipogenesis, also caused sex reversal. The expression of dmrt1, a critical gene for male development, was suppressed by starvation, and a dmrt1 (Δ13) mutant did not show sex reversal under starvation. Collectively, these results indicate that fatty acid synthesis is involved in female-to-male sex reversal through ectopic expression of male gene dmrt1 under starvation. Summary: We investigated the effects of starvation on sex differentiation in medaka. Starvation caused female-to-male sex reversal through pantothenate metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and dmrt1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sakae
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Metabolomics Research Group, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan .,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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47
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Spirhanzlova P, Trébulle P, Lallement J, Sébillot A, Kanamori A, Lemkine GF, Tindall AJ. Transgenic Medaka Identify Embryonic Periods Sensitive to Disruption of Sex Determination. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:842-851. [PMID: 32004384 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal development in medaka (Oryzias latipes) is dependent on the synergy between estrogens and androgens. Disruption of steroid hormone levels can lead to ovo-testis. To determine the sensitive windows for hormonally induced sex reversal in medaka, we developed a novel 42sp50-GFP_ChgH-GFP transgenic medaka line, allowing the identification of female gonadal tissue by fluorescence present in developing oocytes. Germinal transgenesis resulted in a stable line exhibiting a strong green fluorescent protein signal constitutively in the ovaries and in the liver in response to estrogens. The sensitivity of this line to disruption of sex determination following 16-d chronic exposures was in the nanograms per liter range. To identify the developmental period sensitive to exogenous agents, fry were exposed to 24-h pulses of high concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at various time points between days postfertilization (dpf) 0 and 12. Evaluation of phenotype followed by genotyping at 16 dpf revealed sensitivity to E2 between 1 and 8 dpf as well as 2 periods of susceptibility to DHT between 0 and 1 dpf and 4 and 8 dpf. No phenotypic sex reversal was detected after exposure to DHT or E2 on 11 or 12 dpf. The observed effects persisted to at least 24 dpf. The identified sensitive embryonic time periods for disruption of sex determination will aid future research on sex determination and the development of screening assays using early embryonic life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:842-851. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Evry, Ile-de-France, France
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Akira Kanamori
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chūbu, Japan
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48
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Nagasawa K, Ishida M, Octavera A, Kusano K, Kezuka F, Kitano T, Yoshiura Y, Yoshizaki G. Novel method for mass producing genetically sterile fish from surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:535-546. [PMID: 30252024 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable system for producing sterile domesticated fish is required to prevent genetic contamination to native populations caused by aquaculture escapees. The objective of this study was to develop a system to mass produce stock for aquaculture that is genetically sterile by surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation (SGTP). We previously discovered that female medaka carrying mutations on the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) gene become sterile. In this study, we demonstrated that sterile hybrid recipient females that received spermatogonia isolated from sex-reversed XX males (fshr (-/-)) recovered their fertility and produced only donor-derived fshr (-) X eggs. Natural mating between these females and fshr (-/-) sex-reversed XX males successfully produced large numbers of sterile fshr (-/-) female offspring. In conclusion, we established a new strategy for efficient mass production of sterile fish. This system can be applied to any aquaculture species for which SGTP and methods for producing sterile recipients can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Nagasawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishida
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Octavera
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kusano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Kezuka
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Yoshiura
- Yashima Station, Stock Enhancement and Management Department, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Enhancement of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Kuo CE, Chen YM. Characterization of gonadal glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein expression during sex change in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110416. [PMID: 32017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been proven as a key drive of sex change in sequentially hermaphroditic organisms. However, the upstream mechanism of sex steroid hormones regulation that affect sex change remain unknown. The main glucocorticoid in teleost fish is cortisol, which both regulates steroidogenesis and has antistress action. Thus, cortisol might be one of the prime factors in sex change. In this study, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene, was proven to have a dramatic effect in orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) during sex change at the early stage of gonadal transition. The specific action of the GILZ protein is at the pouch-shaped proliferative spermatogonia instead of the degenerative oocyte at the onset of sex change. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence revealed that GILZ performs intensively at undifferentiated spermatogonia in the early testis stage. These results imply that cortisol provokes a rise of GILZ through regulation caused by steroid hormones leading to sex change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cham-En Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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50
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Castelli MA, Whiteley SL, Georges A, Holleley CE. Cellular calcium and redox regulation: the mediator of vertebrate environmental sex determination? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:680-695. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Castelli
- CSIROAustralian National Wildlife Collection, GPO Box 1700 Canberra 2601 Australia
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of Canberra Canberra 2617 Australia
| | - Sarah L. Whiteley
- CSIROAustralian National Wildlife Collection, GPO Box 1700 Canberra 2601 Australia
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of Canberra Canberra 2617 Australia
| | - Arthur Georges
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of Canberra Canberra 2617 Australia
| | - Clare E. Holleley
- CSIROAustralian National Wildlife Collection, GPO Box 1700 Canberra 2601 Australia
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of Canberra Canberra 2617 Australia
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