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Furukawa F, Aoyagi A, Sano K, Sameshima K, Goto M, Tseng YC, Ikeda D, Lin CC, Uchida K, Okumura SI, Yasumoto K, Jimbo M, Hwang PP. Gluconeogenesis in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of the zebrafish embryo. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae125. [PMID: 38585339 PMCID: PMC10997050 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Yolk-consuming (lecithotrophic) embryos of oviparous animals, such as those of fish, need to make do with the maternally derived yolk. However, in many cases, yolk possesses little carbohydrates and sugars, including glucose, the essential monosaccharide. Interestingly, increases in the glucose content were found in embryos of some teleost fishes; however, the origin of this glucose has been unknown. Unveiling new metabolic strategies in fish embryos has a potential for better aquaculture technologies. In the present study, using zebrafish, we assessed how these embryos obtain the glucose. We employed stable isotope (13C)-labeled substrates and injected them to the zebrafish embryos. Our liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based isotope tracking revealed that among all tested substrate, glutamate was most actively metabolized to produce glucose in the zebrafish embryos. Expression analysis for gluconeogenic genes found that many of these were expressed in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic tissue found in teleost fishes. Generation 0 (G0) knockout of pck2, a gene encoding the key enzyme for gluconeogenesis from Krebs cycle intermediates, reduced gluconeogenesis from glutamate, suggesting that this gene is responsible for gluconeogenesis from glutamate in the zebrafish embryos. These results showed that teleost YSL undergoes gluconeogenesis, likely contributing to the glucose supplementation to the embryos with limited glucose source. Since many other animal lineages lack YSL, further comparative analysis will be interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Akihiro Aoyagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Keita Sameshima
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Miku Goto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Daisuke Ikeda
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
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Inoue Y, Fukushima M, Hirasawa G, Furukawa F, Takeda H, Umatani C. Maternal High-Fat Diet Affects the Contents of Eggs and Causes Abnormal Development in the Medaka Fish. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae006. [PMID: 38279936 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status can affect development and metabolic phenotypes of progeny in animals. The effects of maternal diet are thought to be mediated mainly by changes inside oocytes such as organelles, maternal RNAs, and metabolites. However, to what extent each factor contributes to offspring phenotypes remains uncertain, especially in viviparous mammalian systems, where factors other than oocytes, such as placenta and milk, need to be considered. Here, using the medaka fish as an oviparous vertebrate model, we examined whether maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) feeding affects offspring development and what kind of changes occur in the contents of mature eggs. We found that mHFD caused the high frequency of embryonic deformities of offspring, accompanied by downregulation of transcription- and translation-related genes and zygotic transcripts at the blastula stage. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of mature eggs suggested decreased catabolism of amino acids and glycogen, moderate upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes, and elevated lipid levels in mHFD eggs. Furthermore, high-fat diet females showed a higher incidence of oocyte atresia and downregulation of egg protein genes in the liver. These data suggest that attenuated amino acid catabolism triggered by decreased yolk protein load/processing, as well as elevated lipid levels inside eggs, are the prime candidates that account for the higher incidence of embryonic deformities in mHFD offspring. Our study presents a comprehensive data on the changes inside eggs in a mHFD model of nonmammalian vertebrates and provides insights into the mechanisms of parental nutritional effects on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Manatsu Fukushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Go Hirasawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Tseng YC, Yan JJ, Furukawa F, Chen RD, Lee JR, Tsou YL, Liu TY, Tang YH, Hwang PP. Teleostean fishes may have developed an efficient Na+ uptake for adaptation to the freshwater system. Front Physiol 2022; 13:947958. [PMID: 36277196 PMCID: PMC9581171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.947958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding Na+ uptake mechanisms in vertebrates has been a research priority since vertebrate ancestors were thought to originate from hyperosmotic marine habitats to the hypoosmotic freshwater system. Given the evolutionary success of osmoregulator teleosts, these freshwater conquerors from the marine habitats are reasonably considered to develop the traits of absorbing Na+ from the Na+-poor circumstances for ionic homeostasis. However, in teleosts, the loss of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) has long been a mystery and an issue under debate in the evolution of vertebrates. In this study, we evaluate the idea that energetic efficiency in teleosts may have been improved by selection for ENaC loss and an evolved energy-saving alternative, the Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE3)-mediated Na+ uptake/NH4+ excretion machinery. The present study approaches this question from the lamprey, a pioneer invader of freshwater habitats, initially developed ENaC-mediated Na+ uptake driven by energy-consuming apical H+-ATPase (VHA) in the gills, similar to amphibian skin and external gills. Later, teleosts may have intensified ammonotelism to generate larger NH4+ outward gradients that facilitate NHE3-mediated Na+ uptake against an unfavorable Na+ gradient in freshwater without consuming additional ATP. Therefore, this study provides a fresh starting point for expanding our understanding of vertebrate ion regulation and environmental adaptation within the framework of the energy constraint concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Che Tseng, ; Pung-Pung Hwang,
| | - Jia-Jiun Yan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jay-Ron Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Tang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Che Tseng, ; Pung-Pung Hwang,
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Wang MC, Furukawa F, Wang CW, Peng HW, Lin CC, Lin TH, Tseng YC. Multigenerational inspections of environmental thermal perturbations promote metabolic trade-offs in developmental stages of tropical fish. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119605. [PMID: 35691444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming both reduces global temperature variance and increases the frequency of extreme weather events. In response to these ambient perturbations, animals may be subject to trans- or intra-generational phenotype modifications that help to maintain homeostasis and fitness. Here, we show how temperature-associated transgenerational plasticity in tilapia affects metabolic trade-offs during developmental stages under a global warming scenario. Tropical tilapia reared at a stable temperature of 27 °C for a decade were divided into two temperature-experience groups for four generations of breeding. Each generation of one group was exposed to a single 15 °C cold-shock experience during its lifetime (cold-experienced CE group), and the other group was kept stably at 27 °C throughout their lifetimes (cold-naïve CN group). The offspring at early life stages from the CE and CN tilapia were then assessed by metabolomics-based profiling, and the results implied that parental cold-experience might affect energy provision during reproduction. Furthermore, at early life stages, progeny may be endowed with metabolic traits that help the animals cope with ambient temperature perturbations. This study also applied the feature rescaling and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) to visualize metabolic dynamics, and the result could effectively decompose the complex omic-based datasets to represent the energy trade-off variability. For example, the carbohydrate to free amino acid conversion and enhanced compensatory features appeared to be hypothermic-responsive traits. These multigenerational metabolic effects suggest that the tropical ectothermic tilapia may exhibit transgenerational phenotype plasticity, which could optimize energy allocation under ambient temperature challenges. Knowledge about such metabolism-related transgenerational plasticity effects in ectothermic aquatic species may allow us to better predict how adaptive mechanisms will affect fish populations in a climate with narrow temperature variation and frequent extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chen Wang
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan; Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ching-Wei Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Peng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan.
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Wang MC, Hsu MT, Lin CC, Hsu SC, Chen RD, Lee JR, Chou YL, Tseng HP, Furukawa F, Hwang SPL, Hwang PP, Tseng YC. Adaptive metabolic responses in a thermostabilized environment: Transgenerational trade-off implications from tropical tilapia. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150672. [PMID: 34597556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Relatively warm environments caused by global warming enhance the productivity of aquaculture activities in tropical/subtropical regions; however, the intermittent cold stress (ICS) caused by negative Arctic Oscillation can still result in major economic losses. In contrast to endotherms, ectothermic fishes experience ambient temperature as an abiotic factor that is central to performance and survival. Therefore, the occurrence of extreme temperatures caused by climate change has ignited a surge of scientific interest from ecologists, economists and physiologists. In this study, we test the transgenerational effects of rearing cold-experienced (CE) and cold-naïve (CN) strains of tropical tilapia. Our results show that compared to CN tilapia, the CE strain preferentially converts carbohydrates into lipids in liver at a regular temperature of 27 °C. Besides, at a low temperature of 22 °C, the CE strain exhibits a broader aerobic scope than CN fish, and their metabolite profile suggests a metabolic shift towards the utilization of glutamate derivatives. Therefore, in response to thermal perturbations, this transgenerational metabolic adjustment provides evidence into the adaptive trade-off mechanisms in tropical fish. Nevertheless, global warming may result in less thermal variation each year, and the stabilized ambient temperature may cause tropical tilapia to gradually exhibit lower energy deposits in liver. In addition to those habitants in cold and temperate regions, a lack of cold exposure to multiple generations of fish may decrease the native cold-tolerance traits of subtropical/tropical organisms; this notion has not been previously explored in terms of the biological effects under anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chen Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Ting Hsu
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- Branch Office of Research and Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jay-Ron Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Pin Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheng-Ping L Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Furukawa F, Doshimo Y, Sodeyama G, Adachi K, Mori K, Mori Y, Inadama R, Koyama M, Funayama S, Oda T, Furukawa S, Moriyama S, Kimura S, Kaneko T, Okumura SI. Hemocyte migration and expression of four Sox genes during wound healing in Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 117:24-35. [PMID: 34274420 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In molluscs, migration of hemocytes and epithelial cells is believed to play central roles in wound healing. Here, we assessed cellular and molecular mechanisms of wound healing in Pacific abalone, a marine gastropod. Light and electron microscopy in the wounds showed early accumulation of putative hemocytes, collagen deposition by fibroblasts, and further coverage of this tissue by migration of adjacent epithelial cells. Cell labelling technique allowed us to track hemocytes, which migrated to wound surface within 24 h. The migrated cells first expressed PCNA and SoxF weakly, and then the epithelial cells expressed abundant PCNA and SoxB1, SoxB2, and SoxC. These findings imply that abalone SoxF is involved in hemocyte migration or their differentiation into fibroblasts, and suggest that the migrated epithelia acquire stem cell-like property and undergo active proliferation. This study is the first to show direct evidence of hemocyte migration to wounds and expression of Sox genes in molluscan wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Yumi Doshimo
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Gin Sodeyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kenta Adachi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Takehara Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima 725-0024, Japan
| | - Kazuma Mori
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mori
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryota Inadama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mugen Koyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shohei Funayama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takuji Oda
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Moriyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kaneko
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Hara S, Furukawa F, Mukai K, Yazawa T, Kitano T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is involved in the temperature-induced sex differentiation of a vertebrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11672. [PMID: 32669596 PMCID: PMC7363821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system, similar to that of mammals. However, under high temperature conditions, XX medaka is masculinised by elevation of cortisol, the major teleost glucocorticoid. In this study, to identify novel factors in the gonads acting downstream from cortisol during sexual differentiation, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using the gonadal regions of larvae reared at normal temperature with and without cortisol, and at high temperature. The RNA-seq and real-time PCR analyses showed that expression of some peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signalling-targeted genes was increased by cortisol. PPARα agonist treatment induced masculinisation of XX medaka in some cases, and co-treatment of the agonist with cortisol further induced masculinisation, whereas treatment of pparaa knockout medaka with cortisol or the agonist did not induce masculinisation. This study provides the first evidence that PPARα is involved in environmental sex determination in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Mukai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
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Ayaki T, Murata K, Kanazawa N, Uruha A, Ohmura K, Sugie K, Kasagi S, Li F, Mori M, Nakajima R, Sasai T, Nishino I, Ueno S, Urushitani M, Furukawa F, Ito H, Takahashi R. Myositis with sarcoplasmic inclusions in Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome: a genetic inflammatory myopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:579-587. [PMID: 32144790 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome (NNS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic mutations in the PSMB8 gene that encodes the immunoproteasome subunit β5i. There have been only a limited number of reports on the clinicopathological features of the disease in genetically confirmed cases. METHODS We studied clinical and pathological features of three NNS patients who all carry the homozygous p.G201V mutations in PSMB8. Patients' muscle specimens were analysed with histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All patients had episodes of typical periodic fever and skin rash, and later developed progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, similar to previous reports. Oral corticosteroid was used for treatment but showed no obvious efficacy. On muscle pathology, lymphocytes were present in the endomysium surrounding non-necrotic fibres, as well as in the perimysium perivascular area. Nearly all fibres strongly expressed MHC-I in the sarcolemma. In the eldest patient, there were abnormal protein aggregates in the sarcoplasm, immunoreactive to p62, TDP-43 and ubiquitin antibodies. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that inflammation, inclusion pathology and aggregation of abnormal proteins underlie the progressive clinical course of the NNS pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Murata
- Center for Educational Research and Development, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - N Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - A Uruha
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - S Kasagi
- Minato Motomachi Internal Medicine Clinic, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - F Li
- Department of Neurology, Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Mori
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - R Nakajima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Sasai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - I Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Tseng YC, Yan JJ, Furukawa F, Hwang PP. Did Acidic Stress Resistance in Vertebrates Evolve as Na + /H + Exchanger-Mediated Ammonia Excretion in Fish? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900161. [PMID: 32163625 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
How vertebrates evolved different traits for acid excretion to maintain body fluid pH homeostasis is largely unknown. The evolution of Na+ /H+ exchanger (NHE)-mediated NH4 + excretion in fishes is reported, and the coevolution with increased ammoniagenesis and accompanying gluconeogenesis is speculated to benefit vertebrates in terms of both internal homeostasis and energy metabolism response to acidic stress. The findings provide new insights into our understanding of the possible adaptation of fishes to progressing global environmental acidification. In human kidney, titratable H+ and NH4 + comprise the two main components of net acid excretion. V-type H+ -ATPase-mediated H+ excretion may have developed in stenohaline lampreys when they initially invaded freshwater from marine habitats, but this trait is lost in most fishes. Instead, increased reliance on NHE-mediated NH4 + excretion is gradually developed and intensified during fish evolution. Further investigations on more species will be needed to support the hypothesis. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/vZuObtfm-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jiun Yan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- Kitasato University, School of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, 2520373, Japan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Koyama M, Furukawa F, Koga Y, Funayama S, Furukawa S, Baba O, Lin CC, Hwang PP, Moriyama S, Okumura SI. Gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism during development of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R619-R633. [PMID: 31994899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00211.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In lecithotrophic larvae, egg yolk nutrients are essential for development. Although yolk proteins and lipids are the major nutrient sources for most animal embryos and larvae, the contribution of carbohydrates to development has been less understood. In this study, we assessed glucose and glycogen metabolism in developing Pacific abalone, a marine gastropod mollusc caught and cultured in east Asia. We found that glucose and glycogen content gradually elevated in developing abalone larvae, and coincident expression increases of gluconeogenic genes and glycogen synthase suggested abalone larvae had activated gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis during this stage. At settling, however, glycogen sharply decreased, with concomitant increases in glucose content and expression of Pyg and G6pc, suggesting the settling larvae had enhanced glycogen conversion to glucose. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomic approach that detected intermediates of these pathways further supported active metabolism of glycogen. Immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization suggested the digestive gland has an important role as glycogen storage tissue during settlement, while many other tissues also showed a capacity to metabolize glycogen. Finally, inhibition of glycolysis affected survival of the settling veliger larvae, revealing that glucose is, indeed, an important nutrient source in settling larvae. Our results suggest glucose and glycogen are required for proper energy balance in developing abalone and especially impact survival during settling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugen Koyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Koga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Funayama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Otto Baba
- Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Sei-Ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Furukawa F, Irachi S, Koyama M, Baba O, Akimoto H, Okumura SI, Kagawa H, Uchida K. Changes in glycogen concentration and gene expression levels of glycogen-metabolizing enzymes in muscle and liver of developing masu salmon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 225:74-82. [PMID: 30017911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen, as an intracellular deposit of polysaccharide, takes important roles in energy balance of many animals. In fish, however, the role of glycogen during development is poorly understood. In the present study, we assessed changes in glycogen concentration and gene expression patterns of glycogen-metabolizing enzymes in developing masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou), a salmonid species inhabiting west side of North Pacific Ocean. As we measured glycogen levels in the bodies and yolk sacs containing the liver separately, the glycogen concentration increased in both parts as the fish developed, whereas it transiently decreased in the yolk sac after hatching, implying glycogen synthesis and breakdown in these tissues. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-glycogen monoclonal antibody revealed localization of glycogen in the liver, muscle and yolk syncytial layer of the pre-hatching embryos and hatched larvae. In order to estimate glycogen metabolism in the fish, the genes encoding homologs of glycogen synthase (gys1 and gys2) and glycogen phosphorylase (pygma, pygmb and pygl) were cloned, and their expression patterns were assessed by quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In the fish, gys1 and gys2 were robustly expressed in the muscle and liver, respectively. Also, expression of pyg isoforms was found in muscle, liver and yolk syncytial layer during hatching. With changes in glycogen concentration and expression patterns of relevant genes, our results suggest, for the first time, possible involvement of glycogen in energy balance of fish embryos, especially during hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Irachi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mugen Koyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | | | - Sei-Ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kagawa
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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12
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Hirakawa Y, Futaki S, Tanizaki H, Maemura K, Furukawa F, Moriwaki S. 130 Expression of nidogen1 in basal cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Kanazawa N, Honda-Ozaki F, Terashima M, Niwa A, Yanagimachi M, Furukawa F, Nakahata T, Saito M. 983 Pluripotent stem cell model of Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome untangles proinflammatory pathways mediated by oxidative stress. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Torai R, Makino T, Mizawa M, Hayashi M, Furukawa F, Niimi H, Shimizu T. Recurrent deep vein thrombosis with a protein S Tokushima mutation. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:e7-e8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Torai
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - T. Makino
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - M. Mizawa
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - M. Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - F. Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - H. Niimi
- Clinical Laboratory Center Toyama University Hospital Toyama Japan
| | - T. Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
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Mori M, Murata K, Kanazawa N, Ayaki T, Furukawa F, Ito H. Clinical and pathological features in patients with Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome and inclusion body myositis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Yokogawa N, Eto H, Tanikawa A, Ikeda T, Yamamoto K, Takahashi T, Mizukami H, Sato T, Yokota N, Furukawa F. Effects of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:791-799. [PMID: 27992698 DOI: 10.1002/art.40018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), in a phase III clinical trial conducted in Japan. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. This was a baseline-controlled study, and the group differences were evaluated in an exploratory analysis. A total of 103 patients with active CLE (according to a Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index [CLASI] activity score of ≥4) were included. Patients were randomized 3:1 to receive HCQ or placebo during the 16-week double-blind period, and all patients were given HCQ during the following 36-week single-blind period. The primary efficacy end point was a reduction in the CLASI activity score at week 16. The secondary end points included the central photo evaluation (5-point scale), patient's global assessment (7-point scale), the Skindex-29 score, and investigator's global assessment (7-point scale, based on the other 3 secondary end points). In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were assessed. Safety was assessed up to week 55. RESULTS The mean CLASI score at week 16 was significantly improved from baseline in both the HCQ group and the placebo group: mean change -4.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -6.1, -3.1) (P < 0.0001), and mean change -3.2 (95% CI -5.1, -1.3) (P = 0.002), respectively, without between-group difference (P = 0.197). The investigator's global assessment demonstrated a greater proportion of "improved" and "remarkably improved" patients in the HCQ group (51.4% versus 8.7% in the placebo group [P = 0.0002 between groups]). The other secondary end points supported the efficacy of HCQ. Cellulitis, drug eruption, hepatic dysfunction, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome were shown to be serious adverse events related to HCQ use. CONCLUSION The results of this randomized clinical trial support the efficacy and tolerability of HCQ in patients with CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yokogawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Eto
- St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Tanikawa
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - T Sato
- Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - F Furukawa
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Sawamura R, Osafune N, Murakami T, Furukawa F, Kitano T. Generation of biallelic F0 mutants in medaka using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Genes Cells 2017; 22:756-763. [PMID: 28707405 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several animal models generated by genome editing methods develop somatic mosaic mutations including wild-type genome sequence in F0 generation because it is difficult to use editing tools at the one-cell stage. Producing complete knockout animals quickly is a great advantage in determining the function of target genes. This study investigated the generation of F0 knockout medaka using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. To determine whether this editing system induced mutations in the medaka genome at the one-cell stage, recombinant Cas9 protein, tracrRNA and crRNA for dead end (dnd), which is essential for germ cell development, were injected into one-cell stage embryos of olvas-DsRedExpress transgenic medaka. This allowed germ cells to be visualized by DsRed fluorescence. Genomic DNA extracted from embryos at the one-cell stage was analyzed by sequencing. Predictably, biallelic mutated sequence patterns in the target sites of dnd were found in the injected embryos. To investigate the phenotypes of the mutated fish, fluorescent and histological observations of germ cells were carried out using fry and adults. The mutations resulted in a complete loss of germ cells, suggesting loss of function of dnd in the injected embryos. Therefore, this system appears to be extremely effective for the production of F0 knockout medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sawamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Natsumi Osafune
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Murakami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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18
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Inaba Y, Kunimoto K, Furukawa F, Kanazawa N. 659 Enhanced interferon signaling caused by proteasome disability. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Matsunaka H, Yamamoto Y, Furukawa F. Non-invasive quantification of melanin in the stratum corneum: a novel indicator of skin lesions in pigmentation diseases. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:104-111. [PMID: 27426874 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Skin melanin content is an important indicator for ascertaining the pathology of skin pigmentation diseases, but its analysis necessitates a biopsy or other means of collecting tissue, posing a considerable burden to the patient, and making it difficult to observe how a given skin site changes over time. Here, we aimed to establish a non-invasive method for quantifying the eumelanin and pheomelanin content of the stratum corneum. METHODS Sun-exposed and non-exposed samples from 10 healthy Japanese subjects were compared. We harvested the outermost layer of the stratum corneum by tape-stripping, considering the outer side of the forearm as a sun-exposed area, and medial side of the upper arm as a non-exposed area. Four additional subjects were included in the analysis of change in melanin content over time at the same skin site. The anterior lower leg received a single exposure to two minimal erythema dose sunlight, and the stratum corneum was harvested from the same site over a period of 20 weeks; we subsequently quantified the levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS We were able to accurately quantify the eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of the stratum corneum, and to observe the evolution of the same skin site over time. Eumelanin levels were significantly higher in the sun-exposed area, with a peak in melanin observed after 11-15 weeks of sun exposure. CONCLUSION This non-invasive method can serve as a marker for pathology of skin pigmentation diseases such as malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsunaka
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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20
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Abstract
MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice are characterized by the disorder of apoptosis due to defects in Fas antigens and autoimmune symptoms including spontaneous lupus erythematosus (LE)-like skin lesions. MRL/Mp- +/+ (MRL/n) mice do not carry the defect of lpr mutation nor do they exhibit skin disorders during the first six months of life. Retinoids are known to inhibit the proliferation of skin fibroblasts, collagen synthesis, modulate immune responses, and apoptosis by Fas ligand upregulation in skin fibroblasts. We examined changes in dermal thickness and appearance of skin disorders in five months old MRL/lpr mice by oral treatment with etretinate, a retinoic acid derivative. Etretinate treated MRL/lpr mice did not have skin lesions or dermatopathological characteristics including an increase in cells infiltrating the dermis. The mean dermal thickness of MRL/lpr and MRL/n mice treated with etretinate decreased significantly and apoptotic cells density in the dermis of MRL/lpr mice with etretinate was significantly higher compared with the control group (P, 0.05) although MRL/lpr mice have a defect within the Fas antigen. We assumed that etretinate reduced dermal thickness, and suppressed the appearance of skin lesions by inducting apoptosis and perhaps regulation of cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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21
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Kanazawa N, Tchernev G, Chokoeva AA, Maximov GK, Wollina U, Lotti T, Patterson JW, Guarneri C, Tana C, Furukawa F. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis demonstrating small, discrete skin-colored papules. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:49-52. [PMID: 27373135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 67-year-old female with a rare variant of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis showing multiple skin-colored papules. Clinically, numerous skin-colored or reddish papules were distributed on her back and posterior thighs with itchy scaly erythema on the upper back. After topical steroid application, skin-colored papules still remained after the disappearance of itchy scaly erythema. Histopathologically, perivascular and interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes with occasional multinucleated giant cells were observed in the superficial and mid reticular dermis, accompanied by mild mucin deposition. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis is similar to interstitial granuloma annulare, but can be differentiated from it by lesser degrees of collagen degeneration with mucin deposition and frequent association with arthritis or rheumatic diseases. As previously reported, multiple asymptomatic skin-colored papules are considered a rare but distinct variant of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Although no apparent underlying disorder has developed in the presented case, careful follow-up needs to be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - G Tchernev
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR-Sofia), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A A Chokoeva
- Onkoderma- Policlinic for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical Faculty, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - G K Maximov
- Department Medicinal Information and Non-Interventional studies, Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi Rome, Italy
| | - J W Patterson
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - C Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Dermatology University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Tana
- Internal Medicine Unit, Guastalla Hospital, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Reich A, Werth VP, Furukawa F, Kuhn A, Szczęch J, Samotij D, Szepietowski JC. Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: current practice variations. Lupus 2016; 25:964-72. [PMID: 26821963 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316628997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematous (CLE) remains a challenge. Most of the therapeutic options used in CLE have not been tested in randomized controlled studies and to date no agent has been approved. Therefore, CLE treatment is mostly based on personal experience. To better characterize therapeutic habits among physicians treating CLE patients, a questionnaire-based study about various aspects of topical and systemic treatment for CLE has been performed. The questionnaire was distributed among CLE experts, mostly from Japan, the USA, and Europe. A total of 82 completed questionnaires were assessed. High-potent and potent corticosteroids as well as calcineurin inhibitors were the most often recommended topical treatment for all CLE subtypes. The most relevant factors for initiation of systemic therapy were severity of skin lesions, concomitant involvement of internal organs, CLE subtype and lack of response to topical therapies. Corticosteroids and antimalarials were considered as the most suitable and effective systemic drugs for CLE patients. However, significant differences were observed between various CLE subtypes and between different countries regarding the assessment of various topical and systemic treatment options. In conclusion, great variability of obtained answers underlines the need of development of CLE treatment guidelines suitable for different disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - V P Werth
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - A Kuhn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Szczęch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D Samotij
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kunimoto K, Ozaki F, Furukawa F, Kanazawa N. Beneficial effect of methotrexate on a case of Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4599761 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-p199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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24
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Kanazawa N, Nakatani Y, Inaba Y, Kunimoto K, Furukawa F, Ozaki F. Temporal changes of serum cytokine/chemokine levels in patients of Nakajo-Nishimra syndrome treated with tocilizumab. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4599846 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-p169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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25
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Sanjo N, Tsukamoto T, Furukawa F, Higuma M, Hizume M, Nakamura Y, Satoh K, Kitamoto T, Yamada M, Yokota T, Mizusawa H. Human prion diseases in Japan: a prospective surveillance from 1999. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Seale AP, Breves JP, Lerner DT, Grau EG, Kaneko T. In vivo and in vitro effects of high-K(+) stress on branchial expression of ROMKa in seawater-acclimated Mozambique tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 187:111-8. [PMID: 26021981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a teleost ortholog of renal outer medullary K(+) channel (ROMK) expressed in gill ionocytes (ROMKa) has emerged as a primary K(+)-excreting pathway in fish. However, the mechanisms by which ROMKa expression is regulated in response to perturbations of plasma K(+) levels are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify potential links between the endocrine system and K(+) regulation in a euryhaline fish. We assessed time-course changes in multiple endocrine parameters, including plasma cortisol and gene expression of branchial glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR1, GR2, and MR) and pituitary hormones, in seawater (SW)-acclimated Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposed to high-K(+) (H-K) SW. Exposure to H-K SW elicited little effects on plasma cortisol or mRNA levels of GRs and pituitary hormones. Since plasma K(+) and branchial ROMKa expression was increased within 6h after H-K treatment in vivo, the effect of high K(+) was subsequently tested in a gill filament incubation experiment using media with differing K(+) concentrations. ROMKa mRNA levels were induced following incubation of filaments in H-K medium for 6h. The present study is the first to demonstrate that the expression of ROMKa in teleost ionocytes can respond to high K(+) conditions independent from systemic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Andre P Seale
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Darren T Lerner
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - E Gordon Grau
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Toyoji Kaneko
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Furukawa F, Tseng YC, Liu ST, Chou YL, Lin CC, Sung PH, Uchida K, Lin LY, Hwang PP. Induction of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) during Acute Acidosis and Its Role in Acid Secretion by V-ATPase-Expressing Ionocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:712-25. [PMID: 25999794 PMCID: PMC4440261 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-Type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) takes the central role in pumping H+ through cell membranes of diverse organisms, which is essential for surviving acid-base fluctuating lifestyles or environments. In mammals, although glucose is believed to be an important energy source to drive V-ATPase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, is known to be activated in response to acidosis, the link between acid secretion and PEPCK activation remains unclear. In the present study, we used zebrafish larva as an in vivo model to show the role of acid-inducible PEPCK activity in glucose production to support higher rate of H+ secretion via V-ATPase, by utilizing gene knockdown, glucose supplementation, and non-invasive scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET). Zebrafish larvae increased V-ATPase-mediated acid secretion and transiently expression of Pck1, a zebrafish homolog of PEPCK, in response to acid stress. When pck1 gene was knocked down by specific morpholino, the H+ secretion via V-ATPase decreased, but this effect was rescued by supplementation of glucose into the yolk. By assessing changes in amino acid content and gene expression of respective enzymes, glutamine and glutamate appeared to be the major source for replenishment of Krebs cycle intermediates, which are subtracted by Pck1 activity. Unexpectedly, pck1 knockdown did not affect glutamine/glutamate catalysis, which implies that Pck1 does not necessarily drive this process. The present study provides the first in vivo evidence that acid-induced PEPCK provides glucose for acid-base homeostasis at an individual level, which is supported by rapid pumping of H+ via V-ATPase at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan ; 2. Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- 3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Tai Liu
- 3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Sung
- 4. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- 2. Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- 3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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Merola JF, Nyberg F, Furukawa F, Goodfield MJ, Hasegawa M, Marinovic B, Szepietowski J, Dutz J, Werth VP. Redefining cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a proposed international consensus approach and results of a preliminary questionnaire. Lupus Sci Med 2015; 2:e000085. [PMID: 25861460 PMCID: PMC4379883 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no uniform definition of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) upon which to base a study population for observational and interventional trials. A preliminary questionnaire was derived from and sent to a panel of CLE experts which demonstrated consensus agreement that (1) there is a need for new definitions for CLE (2) CLE is distinct from systemic lupus erythematosus and that a CLE grouping scheme should remain apart from current systemic lupus erythematosus schema (3) current CLE grouping schemes are inadequate around communication, prognostic information and to meet the needs of researchers, clinicians, patients and payers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Merola
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Dermatology and Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - F Nyberg
- Institution for Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - M J Goodfield
- Department of Dermatology , Leeds General Infirmary , Leeds , UK
| | - M Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Fukui , Fukui , Japan
| | - B Marinovic
- University Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Zagreb University Hospital Center and School of Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - J Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University of Medicine , Wrocław , Poland
| | - J Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science , University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - V P Werth
- Philadelphia Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA ; Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA
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Morita S, Nishi K, Furukawa F, Hitosugi M. A survey of solitary deaths in Japan for shortening postmortem interval until discover. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2015; 36:47-51. [PMID: 26076774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently in advanced nations, the number of solitary households is increasing. Data from Japanese population survey in 2010 showed that the percent of solitary households was 32.4% and that was the largest category of household types. The Japanese government regards solitary death as important problem, but a useful survey on solitary death has not been performed. We have focused on the postmortem interval until discovery of the death as a measure of solitary deaths. We conducted a survey of 582 forensic autopsy cases in the Osaka medical examiner's office over three years, from April in 2010 till March in 2012. We excluded suicide cases. We collected data on the, gender, age, postmortem interval (PMI) until discovery, family structure, situation of discovery of the body, cause of death, and the time interval from the last hospital visit. Here, we found that people who had high risk of solitary death ranged in, age from 60 to 69 which is the age of retirement for many people. In order to prevent solitary death, we suggest that people who live alone should take better care of themselves and participate in a community setting after their retirement. We can show that the recent efforts of the Japanese government for reducing solitary death had been working well. The government care givers take care of the person living alone almost like their own family. We also suggest that the people who unfortunately do not have any home care should subscribe to a newspaper for shortening the PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - K Nishi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - M Hitosugi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Kakumura K, Hiroi J, Kaneko T. Gene expression and cellular localization of ROMKs in the gills and kidney of Mozambique tilapia acclimated to fresh water with high potassium concentration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1303-12. [PMID: 25298512 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00071.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of plasma K(+) levels in narrow ranges is vital to vertebrate animals. Since seawater (SW) teleosts are loaded with excess K(+), they constantly excrete K(+) from the gills. However, the K(+) regulatory mechanisms in freshwater (FW)-acclimated teleosts are still unclear. We aimed to identify the possible K(+) regulatory mechanisms in the gills and kidney, the two major osmoregulatory organs, of FW-acclimated Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). As a potential molecular candidate for renal K(+) handling, a putative renal outer medullary K(+) channel (ROMK) was cloned from the tilapia kidney and tentatively named "ROMKb"; another ROMK previously cloned from the tilapia gills was thus renamed "ROMKa". The fish were acclimated to control FW or to high-K(+) (H-K) FW for 1 wk, and we assessed physiological responses of tilapia to H-K treatment. As a result, urinary K(+) levels were slightly higher in H-K fish, implying a role of the kidney in K(+) excretion. However, the mRNA expression levels of both ROMKa and ROMKb were very low in the kidney, while that of K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (KCC1) was robust. In the gills, ROMKa mRNA was markedly upregulated in H-K fish. Immunofluorescence staining showed that branchial ROMKa was expressed at the apical membrane of type I and type III ionocytes, and the ROMKa immunosignals were more intense in H-K fish than in control fish. The present study suggests that branchial ROMKa takes a central role for K(+) regulation in FW conditions and that K(+) excretion via the gills is activated irrespective of environmental salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Keigo Kakumura
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Junya Hiroi
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kaneko
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
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Abstract
We report a 46-year-old Japanese man with a metastatic skin tumor on his left palmar region. He underwent resection for a mediastinal neuroendocrine carcinoma in February of 1998. After the operation, he immediately noticed an elevated tumor on his left palm. In September 1999, a brain tumor was discovered. The skin and brain tumors were subsequently removed surgically. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the serum was elevated to 25 ng/ml. A skin biopsy specimen from the left palmar site revealed multiple tumor nests which showed the same histological features as the primary mediastinal tumor. Immunostaining was positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, and NSE but negative for S-100 protein and CD57. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor derived from the mediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimasu
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
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Ishiguro M, Hashizume H, Ikeda T, Yamamoto Y, Furukawa F. Evaluation of the quality of life of lupus erythematosus patients with cutaneous lesions in Japan. Lupus 2013; 23:93-101. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313509293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The quality of life (QOL) of lupus erythematosus (LE) patients with skin manifestations is impaired, but little is known about Japanese patients. We assessed whether the skin symptoms in LE are associated with the QOL using the Japanese versions of the Skindex-29 and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI). In all, 54 LE patients with cutaneous lesions completed the Japanese version of the Skindex-29, and physicians assessed the severity of their eruptions using the CLASI before and after treatment. The QOL of the LE patients was better after the therapeutic intervention using the Skindex-29 questionnaire. We tested several factors for an independent association with the QOL. A significant risk factor for a poor QOL was a female gender in “Functioning” before treatment. In addition, a poor QOL tended to be correlated with a female gender in “Emotions” and older current age in “Symptoms” before treatment, and with a longer duration of SLE in “Functioning” after treatment. In the CLASI analysis, skin manifestation activity in the acute phase correlated with a poor emotional and functional QOL rather than a symptomatic QOL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the QOL of Japanese LE patients, despite the small cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishiguro
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - H Hashizume
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - F Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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34
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Arima K, Kanazawa N, Furukawa F, Ida H, Yoshiura K. THU0371 Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in an autoinflammatory disorder, nakajo-nishimura syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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35
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Kawabe M, Urano K, Suguro M, Numano T, Taguchi F, Tsutsumi H, Furukawa F. Tumor Promotion by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate in an Ultra-Short-Term Skin Carcinogenesis Bioassay Using rasH2 Mice. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:903-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813486811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the skin tumor–promoting potential of 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) after initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene (DMBA) was conducted using rasH2 transgenic (Tg) mice and their nontransgenic (non-Tg) littermates. Mice were treated with DMBA (50 μg/100 μL acetone) on clipped back skin at the commencement of the study, and 1 week thereafter, TPA was applied at 8 μg/200 μL or 4 μg/200 μL acetone, once or twice weekly, for 7 weeks. Skin nodules were observed in the rasH2 Tg mice from week 4, and the incidence reached 100% at weeks 5 and 6. The number of skin nodules (multiplicity) in the 8-μg twice-weekly, 8-μg once-weekly, 4-μg twice-weekly, and 4-μg once-weekly groups was 62.4, 46.2, 62.6, and 36.9, respectively. The non-Tg mice also developed skin nodules, but the sensitivity to induction in the rasH2 Tg mice was higher. No nodules were observed in the acetone groups, but single nodules were apparent in the no-treatment rasH2 Tg and non-Tg groups. In conclusion, skin promotion effects could be detected within only 8 weeks in the rasH2 mice, and the concentration of 4 μg TPA once weekly was sufficient as a positive control. This short-term skin carcinogenesis bioassay using rasH2 mice could represent a useful tool for the assessment of drug and chemical safety with cutaneous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kawabe
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - K. Urano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - M. Suguro
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - T. Numano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - F. Taguchi
- CLEA Japan, Inc., Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Tsutsumi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - F. Furukawa
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Japan
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Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Kimura S, Kaneko T. Potassium excretion through ROMK potassium channel expressed in gill mitochondrion-rich cells of Mozambique tilapia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R568-76. [PMID: 22204952 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00628.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in physiology of fish ion homeostasis, the mechanism of plasma K+ regulation has remained unclear. Using Mozambique tilapia, a euryhaline teleost, we demonstrated that gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells were responsible for K+ excretion, using a newly invented technique that insolubilized and visualized K+ excreted from the gills. For a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of K+ excretion in the gills, cDNA sequences of renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK), potassium large conductance Ca(2+)-activated channel, subfamily M (Maxi-K), K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters (KCC1, KCC2, and KCC4) were identified in tilapia as the candidate molecules that are involved in K+ handling. Among the cloned candidate molecules, only ROMK showed marked upregulation of mRNA levels in response to high external K+ concentration. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that ROMK was localized in the apical opening of gill MR cells, and that the immunosignals were most intense in the fish acclimated to the environment with high K+ concentration. To confirm K+ excretion via ROMK, K+ insolubilization-visualization technique was applied again in combination with K+ channel blockers. The K+ precipitation was prevented in the presence of Ba2+, indicating that ROMK has a pivotal role in K+ excretion. The present study is the first to demonstrate that the fish excrete K+ from the gill MR cells, and that ROMK expressed in the apical opening of the MR cells is a main molecular pathway responsible for K+ excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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37
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Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Inokuchi M, Kaneko T. Responses of gill mitochondria-rich cells in Mozambique tilapia exposed to acidic environments (pH 4.0) in combination with different salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:468-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Furukawa F, Kaminaka C, Ikeda T, Kanazawa N, Yamamoto Y, Ohta C, Nishide T, Tsujioka K, Hattori M, Uede K, Hata M. Preliminary study of etidronate for prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis caused by oral glucocorticoid therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:165-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Urano K, Yasuda M, Tsutsumi H, Kawabe M, Suguro M, Numano T, Furukawa F. Establishment of two-stage skin carcinogenicity study in CB6F1 Tg rasH2 mice. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Kaneko T, Uchida K. Changes in gene expression levels of somatolactin in the pituitary and morphology of gill mitochondria-rich cells in Mozambique tilapia after transfer to acidic freshwater (pH 3.5). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:549-55. [PMID: 20138176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, is easily acclimated to highly acidic water, and thus presents a useful model to unravel endocrine regulation of adaptation to acidic water in fish. We analyzed gene expression of somatolactin (sl), growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl), in the pituitary gland and size distribution of mitochondria-rich (MR) cells in the gills after transfer from normal freshwater (FW, pH 7.2) to acidified freshwater (AW, pH 3.5). Plasma osmolality drastically decreased until 2 days after transfer to AW, but had restored to normal after 1 week of acclimation, and this confirmed the excellent acid tolerance of tilapia. Expression levels of sl, gh and prl were all up-regulated during short-term exposure to AW. The expression of sl remained elevated up to 7 days after transfer; the expression of gh and prl was back to initial levels at that time. These findings point to an important and specific role of SL in adaptation to acid water in this tilapia, although temporal contribution of GH and PRL cannot be ruled out. The size distribution of branchial MR cells changed drastically during acclimation to AW. The mean MR cell size was 1.5-fold larger in the fish exposed to AW for 7 days compared to controls in FW. The gills and their MR cells are a likely site of important acid-base regulation, and SL may change ion-transport functions of MR cells to correct plasma osmotic balance disturbed by acid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Nishimura H, Horiguchi Y, Matsumoto I, Kobayashi S, Fujii K, Tanaka T, Furukawa F, Imamura S. Treatment of Behçet's disease with diamino-diphenyl sulphone (DDS). J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639309084519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Kanauchi H, Imamura S, Takigawa M, Furukawa F. Effects of cyclosporin A on lupus dermatoses in autoimmune-prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639409080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Matsumura Y, Furukawa F, Imamura S. Epidermal grafting for treatment of vitiligo—associations among success rate, clinical type and autoantibodies. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639309080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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44
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Ikai K, Shimizu K, Kanauchi H, Ando Y, Furukawa F, Imamura S. The Presence of Autoantibody to Lipocortin-I in Autoimmune-Prone Mrl Mice. Autoimmunity 2009; 12:239. [PMID: 1343769 DOI: 10.3109/08916939209148464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Hiroi A, Ito T, Seo N, Uede K, Yoshimasu T, Ito M, Nakamura K, Ito N, Paus R, Furukawa F. Male New Zealand Black/KN mice: a novel model for autoimmune-induced permanent alopecia? Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:437-45. [PMID: 16882186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible, permanent and scarring alopecia is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including all autoimmune connective tissue disorders. The pathogenesis of autoimmune-induced permanent alopecia (APA) is still poorly understood, and instructive, simple mouse models for the study of APA are needed urgently. During the course of our studies in a well-established mouse model for chronic rheumatoid arthritis, the New Zealand Black/KN (NZB/KN) mouse, we noticed that ageing male NZB/KN mice developed spontaneous APA. OBJECTIVES To study whether alopecia seen in ageing male NZB/KN mice displays key features of human APA and may, thus, be a useful new mouse model for clinically relevant APA research. METHODS NZB/KN, the F1 hybrid of NZW/N Slc x NZB/KN (W/BKN F1), the F1 hybrid of NZB/KN x NZW/N Slc (BKN/W F1), and the F2 hybrid of W/BKN F1 x W/BKN F1 mice were employed in this study, in order to check which strain carries the highest risk of alopecia development. Besides routine histology, CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM deposition in hair follicles were investigated by immunohistology/immunofluorescence. Mast cell distribution/degranulation and Ki-67 (proliferation)/TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling) (apoptosis) positive cells were also analysed. RESULTS Only F2 male NZB/KN mice were prone to develop alopecia, suggesting that Y chromosome-associated gene(s) are involved in the pathogenesis of APA, which incidence rises with increasing age. The lesional alopecia skin in 12-month-old male NZB/KN mice showed a sharp decline in hair follicle density, thus meeting a key criterion of permanent alopecia. Both macroscopically and histologically, the alopecia seen in these mice resembled in many respects different stages of clinical APA, such as alopecia associated with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in humans. Lesional APA hair follicles in mice displayed intrafollicular and perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrates, as well as an increased number of activated (degranulated) perifollicular mast cells. In the fully developed lesion, many CD4+ cells were seen in perifollicular locations, including the epithelial stem cell region (bulge), and also contained a few CD8+ T cells. IgM deposits were found in the follicular basement membrane zone (BMZ). Both in the bulge and the hair matrix region of the affected anagen hair follicles, there were signs of massive keratinocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our currently available data suggest that male but not female NZB/KN mice may indeed represent a suitable mouse model for APA, with some similarities to the permanent alopecia seen in human DLE patients, although additional and confirmatory investigations are needed before this mouse strain can be accepted as a murine equivalent of APA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiroi
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, Japan
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Minami Y, Uede K, Sagawa K, Kimura A, Tsuji T, Furukawa F. Immunohistochemical staining of cutaneous tumours with G-81, a monoclonal antibody to dermcidin. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:165-9. [PMID: 15270886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the novel antimicrobial peptide named dermcidin (DCD) was reported in human eccrine sweat glands. OBJECTIVES We investigated the expression of DCD in a variety of cutaneous tumours in order to assess the usefulness of the monoclonal antibody (G-81), which recognizes a fragment of DCD. PATIENTS/METHODS We studied the immunoreactivity of the G-81 antibody on 197 cutaneous tumours. RESULTS A total of 13 of 26 cutaneous mixed tumours showed substantial immunoreactivity. In contrast all the following cases were completely unreactive: (i) epithelial tumours (seborrhoeic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, genital Paget's disease); (ii) follicular tumours (basal cell carcinoma, trichilemmoma, trichoepithelioma, trichoblastoma, keratoacanthoma, proliferating trichilemmal tumour, pilomatricoma); (iii) melanocytic tumours (malignant melanoma, naevus cell naevus, Spitz naevus, blue naevus); (iv) neural tumours (schwannoma, neurofibroma, Merkel cell neoplasm); (v) mesenchymal tumours (soft fibroma, dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, vascular leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, lipoma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, angiomyoma); and (vi) other sweat gland tumours (poroid neoplasms, syringoma, cylindroma, clear cell hidradenoma, spiradenoma, syringoid eccrine carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, apocrine cystadenoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, apocrine adenocarcinoma). Twenty-six cutaneous mixed tumours were considered from histopathological findings to be the apocrine type, but 13 of 26 mixed tumours contained some DCD-immunopositive cells that possibly differentiate into eccrine secretory glands. CONCLUSIONS We found the expression of DCD in tubular structures of 50% of cutaneous mixed tumours with apocrine differentiation. These results suggest that a number of cutaneous mixed tumours show both eccrine and apocrine differentiation in the same neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Minami
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated as a possible cause of extraintestinal disorders such as skin diseases. A number of case reports describe patients with skin diseases, such as prurigo nodularis, that are associated with gastric cancer. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the incidence of gastric cancer in patients with pruritic skin diseases. METHODS The patients were examined for circulating specific IgG antibodies against H. pylori in sera using ELISA. H. pylori-positive patients who were more than 40 years old underwent endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. RESULTS We examined 134 patients with pruritic skin diseases, including 55 cases of cutaneous pruritus, 21 cases of prurigo chronica multiforme, 15 cases of nummular dermatitis and 43 cases of chronic urticaria. Early gastric cancer was detected in 2/36 (5.6%) patients with cutaneous pruritus and 3/16 (18.8%) with prurigo chronica multiforme. The prevalence of early gastric cancer was 5.6%, which was much higher than that among patients undergoing general endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that H. pylori-positive patients with pruritic skin diseases may be at increased risk for development of gastric cancer, and endoscopic screening in such patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shiotani
- Health Administration Center, Wakayama University, Japan.
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Yoshimasu T, Nishide T, Seo N, Hiroi A, Ohtani T, Uede K, Furukawa F. Susceptibility of T cell receptor-alpha chain knock-out mice to ultraviolet B light and fluorouracil: a novel model for drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:245-54. [PMID: 15086387 PMCID: PMC1809037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (FU) frequently induces cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) lesions on sun exposed sites. Based on this observation, we have tried to establish a cutaneous LE model of C57BL/6 J (B6) mice, B6 T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha(-/-) mice and B6 TCR-delta(-/-) mice treated with FU and/or ultraviolet B light (UVBL) in order to clarify the role of T cells and the cytokine profile of cutaneous lupus lesions. Cutaneous LE-like skin lesions could be induced in TCR-alpha(-/-) mice with low FU (0.2 mg) plus UVBL, and in B6 mice treated with a high dose of FU (2.0 mg) plus UVBL. In contrast, low FU plus UVBL induced such skin lesions in TCR-delta(-/-) mice at a very low incidence. Specifically, the skin lesions of TCR-alpha(-/-) mice with low FU plus UVBL appeared more rapidly and were more severe than lesions in B6 mice. The former had the common characteristic features of human chronic cutaneous LE such as typical histology, positive IgG at the dermoepidermal junction, low antinuclear antibody and low mortality. Furthermore, a Th1 response was induced in the development of drug-induced cutaneous LE. FU and UVBL-induced cutaneous LE-like eruption is an excellent model for better understanding the pathomechanisms of skin lesion development in LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimasu
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Fukushima S, Wanibuchi H, Morimura K, Iwai S, Nakae D, Kishida H, Tsuda H, Uehara N, Imaida K, Shirai T, Tatematsu M, Tsukamoto T, Hirose M, Furukawa F. Existence of a Threshold for Induction of Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon with Low Doses of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenolimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Toxicol Sci 2004; 80:109-14. [PMID: 15014208 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently it has been generally considered that genotoxic carcinogens have no threshold in exerting their potential for cancer induction. However, the nonthreshold theory can be challenged with regard to assessment of cancer risk to humans. In the present study we show that a food derived, genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenolimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), does not induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as preneoplastic lesions at low dose (below 50 ppm) or 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (below 400 ppm) in the rat colon. Moreover PhIP-DNA adducts were not formed at the lowest dose (below 0.01 ppm). Thus, the dose required to initiate ACF is approximately 5000 times higher than that needed for adduct formation. The results imply a no-observed effect level (existence of a threshold) for colon carcinogenesis by a genotoxic carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Kitamura Y, Nishikawa A, Furukawa F, Nakamura H, Okazaki K, Umemura T, Imazawa T, Hirose M. A subchronic toxicity study of shea nut color in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1537-42. [PMID: 12963006 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Shea nut color, obtained from nuts of the shea tree (Butyrospermum parkii), is used as a food-coloring agent. Flavonoid pigments are considered to be the responsible constituents. As there have been no reports of toxicological evaluation, a 13-week subchronic toxicity study was performed in Wistar Hannover rats at dose levels of 0 (control), 0.07, 0.31, 1.25 and 5% in powdered basal diet. The average of daily shea nut color intake was 51.3, 226.1, 986.8 and 3775.5 mg/kg/day for males and 56.4, 272.9, 1166.7 and 4387.7 mg/kg/day for females, respectively. During the administration period, daily observation of clinical signs and weekly measurement of body weights and food consumption were performed. After the end of the treatment, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight and histopathological examinations were conducted. No significant toxicological changes were observed in any parameters in this study. Hence, the no adverse effect dose of shea nut color was estimated to be greater than 5.0% for both sexes (3775.5 mg/kg/day for males and 4387.7 mg/kg/day for females).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitamura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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