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Ligneul C, Najac C, Döring A, Beaulieu C, Branzoli F, Clarke WT, Cudalbu C, Genovese G, Jbabdi S, Jelescu I, Karampinos D, Kreis R, Lundell H, Marjańska M, Möller HE, Mosso J, Mougel E, Posse S, Ruschke S, Simsek K, Szczepankiewicz F, Tal A, Tax C, Oeltzschner G, Palombo M, Ronen I, Valette J. Diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy: Consensus, recommendations, and resources from acquisition to modeling. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:860-885. [PMID: 37946584 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain cell structure and function reflect neurodevelopment, plasticity, and aging; and changes can help flag pathological processes such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Accurate and quantitative methods to noninvasively disentangle cellular structural features are needed and are a substantial focus of brain research. Diffusion-weighted MRS (dMRS) gives access to diffusion properties of endogenous intracellular brain metabolites that are preferentially located inside specific brain cell populations. Despite its great potential, dMRS remains a challenging technique on all levels: from the data acquisition to the analysis, quantification, modeling, and interpretation of results. These challenges were the motivation behind the organization of the Lorentz Center workshop on "Best Practices & Tools for Diffusion MR Spectroscopy" held in Leiden, the Netherlands, in September 2021. During the workshop, the dMRS community established a set of recommendations to execute robust dMRS studies. This paper provides a description of the steps needed for acquiring, processing, fitting, and modeling dMRS data, and provides links to useful resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloé Najac
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André Döring
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Genovese
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ileana Jelescu
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kreis
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lundell
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager anf Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Harald E Möller
- NMR Methods & Development Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessie Mosso
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eloïse Mougel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoires des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kadir Simsek
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chantal Tax
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, Baltimore, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marco Palombo
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Julien Valette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoires des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Mosso J, Simicic D, Lanz B, Gruetter R, Cudalbu C. Diffusion-weighted SPECIAL improves the detection of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:4-18. [PMID: 37771277 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the detection and subsequent estimation of the diffusion properties of strongly J-coupled metabolites in diffusion-weighted MRS (DWS). METHODS A new sequence for single-voxel diffusion-weighted 1 H MR spectroscopy, named DW-SPECIAL, is proposed. It combines the semi-adiabatic SPECIAL sequence with a stimulated echo diffusion block. Acquisitions with DW-SPECIAL and STE-LASER, the current gold standard for rodent DWS experiments at high fields, were performed at 14.1T on phantoms and in vivo on the rat brain. The apparent diffusion coefficient and intra-stick diffusivity (Callaghan's model, randomly-oriented sticks) were fitted and compared between the sequences for glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, taurine, total NAA, total Cho, total Cr, and the macromolecules. RESULTS The shorter TE achieved with DW-SPECIAL (18 ms against 33 ms with STE-LASER) substantially limited the metabolites' signal loss caused by J-evolution. In addition, DW-SPECIAL preserved the main advantages of STE-LASER: absence of cross-terms, diffusion time during a stimulated echo, and limited sensitivity to B1 inhomogeneities. In vivo, compared to STE-LASER, DW-SPECIAL yielded the same spectral quality and reduced the Cramer Rao Lower Bounds for J-coupled metabolites, irrespective of the b-value. DW-SPECIAL also reduced the SD of the metabolites' diffusion estimates based on individual animal fitting without loss of accuracy compared to the fit on the averaged decay. CONCLUSION We conclude that due to its reduced TE, DW-SPECIAL can serve as an alternative to STE-LASER when strongly J-coupled metabolites like glutamine are investigated, thereby extending the range of accessible metabolites in the context of DWS acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Mosso
- LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Genovese G, Diaz-Fernandez B, Lejeune FX, Ronen I, Marjańska M, Yahia-Cherif L, Lehéricy S, Branzoli F, Rosso C. Longitudinal Monitoring of Microstructural Alterations in Cerebral Ischemia with in Vivo Diffusion-weighted MR Spectroscopy. Radiology 2023; 306:e220430. [PMID: 36318030 PMCID: PMC9968771 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The time course of cellular damage after acute ischemic stroke (IS) is currently not well known, and specific noninvasive markers of microstructural alterations linked to inflammation are lacking, which hinders the monitoring of anti-inflammatory treatment. Purpose To evaluate the temporal pattern of neuronal and glial microstructural changes after stroke using in vivo single-voxel diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy. Materials and Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, participants with IS and healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent MRI at 3.0 T. In participants with IS, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and concentrations of total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) were measured in volumes of interest (VOIs), including the lesion VOI (VOIles) and the contralateral VOI (VOIcl) at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after IS. HVs were examined once, with VOIs located in the same brain regions as participants with IS. Within- and between-group differences and longitudinal changes were examined using linear mixed-effects models. Results Twenty participants with IS (mean age, 61 years ± 13 [SD]; 12 women) and 20 HVs (mean age, 59 years ± 13; 12 women) were evaluated. No differences in ADCs or concentrations were observed in VOIcl between HVs and participants with IS. In participants with IS, the ADC of tCr was higher in VOIles than in VOIcl at 1 month (+14.4%, P = .004) and 3 months after IS (+19.0%, P < .001), while the ADC of tCho was higher only at 1 month (+16.7%, P = .001). No difference in the ADC of tNAA was observed between the two VOIs at any time point. tNAA and tCr concentrations were lower in VOIles than in VOIcl and were stable over time (approximately -50% and -30%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion High diffusivity of choline-containing compounds and total creatine (tCr) in the ischemic lesion 1 month after ischemic stroke (IS) indicates glial morphologic changes, suggesting that active inflammation is still ongoing at this time point. High tCr diffusivity up to 3 months after IS likely reflects the presence of astrogliosis at the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02833961 © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- From the Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau–ICM),
Center for Neuroimaging Research–CENIR, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital,
CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France (G.G., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B.); Hopital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm
U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France (G.G., F.X.L., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B., C.R.);
APHP-Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (B.D.F., C.R.); Center for
Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn (G.G., M.M.); Paris Brain Institute’s Data Analysis
Core, Paris, France (F.X.L.); Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom (I.R.); and STARE Team, iCRIN,
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
(C.R.)
| | - Itamar Ronen
- From the Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau–ICM),
Center for Neuroimaging Research–CENIR, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital,
CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France (G.G., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B.); Hopital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm
U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France (G.G., F.X.L., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B., C.R.);
APHP-Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (B.D.F., C.R.); Center for
Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn (G.G., M.M.); Paris Brain Institute’s Data Analysis
Core, Paris, France (F.X.L.); Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom (I.R.); and STARE Team, iCRIN,
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
(C.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- From the Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau–ICM),
Center for Neuroimaging Research–CENIR, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital,
CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France (G.G., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B.); Hopital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm
U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France (G.G., F.X.L., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B., C.R.);
APHP-Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (B.D.F., C.R.); Center for
Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn (G.G., M.M.); Paris Brain Institute’s Data Analysis
Core, Paris, France (F.X.L.); Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom (I.R.); and STARE Team, iCRIN,
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
(C.R.)
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- From the Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau–ICM),
Center for Neuroimaging Research–CENIR, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital,
CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France (G.G., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B.); Hopital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm
U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France (G.G., F.X.L., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B., C.R.);
APHP-Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (B.D.F., C.R.); Center for
Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn (G.G., M.M.); Paris Brain Institute’s Data Analysis
Core, Paris, France (F.X.L.); Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom (I.R.); and STARE Team, iCRIN,
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
(C.R.)
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- From the Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau–ICM),
Center for Neuroimaging Research–CENIR, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital,
CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France (G.G., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B.); Hopital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm
U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France (G.G., F.X.L., L.Y.C., S.L., F.B., C.R.);
APHP-Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (B.D.F., C.R.); Center for
Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn (G.G., M.M.); Paris Brain Institute’s Data Analysis
Core, Paris, France (F.X.L.); Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom (I.R.); and STARE Team, iCRIN,
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
(C.R.)
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Palmieri E, Pescosolido F, Montaina L, Carcione R, Petrella G, Cicero DO, Tamburri E, Battistoni S, Orlanducci S. A Sustainable Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Nanodiamond Composite for Flexible Electronic Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120783. [PMID: 36547307 PMCID: PMC9777684 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing fully green materials for flexible electronics is an urgent need due to the growing awareness of an environmental crisis. With the aim of developing a sustainable, printable, and biocompatible material to be exploited in flexible electronics, the rheological, structural and charge transport properties of water-based hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-detonation nanodiamond (DND) viscous dispersions are investigated. A rheological investigation disclosed that the presence of the DND affects the orientation and entanglement of cellulose chains in the aqueous medium. In line with rheological analyses, the NMR diffusion experiments pointed out that the presence of DND modifies the hydrodynamic behavior of the cellulose molecules. Despite the increased rigidity of the system, the presence of DND slightly enhances the ionic conductivity of the dispersion, suggesting a modification in the charge transport properties of the material. The electrochemical analyses, performed through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), revealed that the HPC-DND system is remarkably stable in the explored voltage range (-0.1 to +0.4 V) and characterized by a lowered bulk resistance with respect to HPC. Such features, coupled with the printability and filmability of the material, represent good requirements for the exploitation of such systems in flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palmieri
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Pescosolido
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Montaina
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Carcione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), Parco Area delle Scienze 37A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Greta Petrella
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tamburri
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Battistoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), Parco Area delle Scienze 37A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Orlanducci
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Mosso J, Simicic D, Şimşek K, Kreis R, Cudalbu C, Jelescu IO. MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119634. [PMID: 36150605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly benefit from noise reduction strategies. In the present work, Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) denoising is tested on Monte Carlo simulations and on in vivo DW-MRS data acquired at 9.4 T in rat brain and at 3 T in human brain. We provide a descriptive study of the effects observed following different MP-PCA denoising strategies (denoising the entire matrix versus using a sliding window), in terms of apparent SNR, rank selection, noise correlation within and across b-values and quantification of metabolite concentrations and fitted diffusion coefficients. MP-PCA denoising yielded an increased apparent SNR, a more accurate B0 drift correction between shots, and similar estimates of metabolite concentrations and diffusivities compared to the raw data. No spectral residuals on individual shots were observed but correlations in the noise level across shells were introduced, an effect which was mitigated using a sliding window, but which should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Mosso
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dunja Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kadir Şimşek
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Kreis
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana O Jelescu
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Adanyeguh IM, Branzoli F, Delorme C, Méneret A, Monin ML, Luton MP, Durr A, Sabidussi E, Mochel F. Multiparametric characterization of white matter alterations in early stage Huntington disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13101. [PMID: 34162958 PMCID: PMC8222368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic, fully penetrant neurodegenerative disorder. Widespread white matter damage affects the brain of patients with HD at very early stages of the disease. Fixel-based analysis (FBA) is a novel method to investigate the contribution of individual crossing fibers to the white matter damage and to detect possible alterations in both fiber density and fiber-bundle morphology. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS), on the other hand, quantifies the motion of brain metabolites in vivo, thus enabling the investigation of microstructural alteration of specific cell populations. The aim of this study was to identify novel specific microstructural imaging markers of white matter degeneration in HD, by combining FBA and DW-MRS. Twenty patients at an early stage of HD and 20 healthy controls were recruited in a monocentric study. Using diffusion imaging we observed alterations to the brain microstructure and their morphology in patients with HD. Furthermore, FBA revealed specific fiber populations that were affected by the disease. Moreover, the mean diffusivity of the intra-axonal metabolite N-acetylaspartate, co-measured with N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), was significantly reduced in the corpus callosum of patients compared to controls. FBA and DW-MRS of tNAA provided more specific information about the biological mechanisms underlying HD and showed promise for early investigation of white matter degeneration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Adanyeguh
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delorme
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Luton
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emanoel Sabidussi
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France. .,Department of Genetics, Center for Neurometabolic Diseases, AP-HP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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Genovese G, Marjańska M, Auerbach EJ, Cherif LY, Ronen I, Lehéricy S, Branzoli F. In vivo diffusion-weighted MRS using semi-LASER in the human brain at 3 T: Methodological aspects and clinical feasibility. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4206. [PMID: 31930768 PMCID: PMC7354897 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW-) MRS investigates non-invasively microstructural properties of tissue by probing metabolite diffusion in vivo. Despite the growing interest in DW-MRS for clinical applications, little has been published on the reproducibility of this technique. In this study, we explored the optimization of a single-voxel DW-semi-LASER sequence for clinical applications at 3 T, and evaluated the reproducibility of the method under different experimental conditions. DW-MRS measurements were carried out in 10 healthy participants and repeated across three sessions. Metabolite apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated from mono-exponential fits (ADCexp ) up to b = 3300 s/mm2 , and from the diffusional kurtosis approach (ADCK ) up to b = 7300 s/mm2 . The inter-subject variabilities of ADCs of N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine + phosphocreatine, choline containing compounds, and myo-inositol were calculated in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and in the corona radiata (CR). We explored the effect of physiological motion on the DW-MRS signal and the importance of cardiac gating and peak thresholding to account for signal amplitude fluctuations. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of the intra-subject variability on the acquisition scheme using a bootstrapping resampling method. Coefficients of variation were lower in PCC than CR, likely due to the different sensitivities to motion artifacts of the two regions. Finally, we computed coefficients of repeatability for ADCexp and performed power calculations needed for designing clinical studies. The power calculation for ADCexp of tNAA showed that in the PCC seven subjects per group are sufficient to detect a difference of 5% between two groups with an acquisition time of 4 min, suggesting that ADCexp of tNAA is a suitable marker for disease-related intracellular alteration even in small case-control studies. In the CR, further work is needed to evaluate the voxel size and location that minimize the motion artifacts and variability of the ADC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Genovese
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward J. Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lydia Yahia Cherif
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Itamar Ronen
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Francesca Branzoli, Ph.D., Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpetrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, Phone number: +33 (0)1 57 27 46 46, Fax: +33 (0)1 45 83 19 28,
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9
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Jung M, Park J, Muhammad R, Kim JY, Grzimek V, Russina M, Moon HR, Park JT, Oh H. Elucidation of Diffusivity of Hydrogen Isotopes in Flexible MOFs by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007412. [PMID: 33821527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic-quantum-sieving-assisted H2 :D2 separation in flexible porous materials is more effective than the currently used energy-intensive cryogenic distillation and girdle-sulfide processes for isotope separation. It is believed that material flexibility results in a pore-breathing phenomenon under the influence of external stimuli, which helps in adjusting the pore size and gives rise to the optimum quantum-sieving phenomenon at each stage of gas separation. However, only a few studies have investigated kinetic-quantum-sieving-assisted isotope separation using flexible porous materials. In addition, no reports are available on the microscopic observation of isotopic molecular transportation during the separation process under dynamic transition. Here, the experimental observation of a significantly faster diffusion of deuterium than hydrogen in a flexible pore structure, even at high temperatures, through quasi-elastic neutron scattering, is reported. Unlike rigid structures, the extracted diffusion dynamics of hydrogen isotopes within flexible frameworks show that the diffusion difference between the isotopes increases with an increase in temperature. Owing to this unique inverse trend, a new strategy is suggested for achieving higher operating temperatures for efficient isotope separation utilizing a flexible metal-organic framework system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Raeesh Muhammad
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Grzimek
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Margarita Russina
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitae T Park
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), TU München, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Hyunchul Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
- Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
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10
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Functional and structural impairment of transcallosal motor fibres in ALS: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation, diffusion tensor imaging, and diffusion weighted spectroscopy. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:748-757. [PMID: 32306281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Imaging studies showed that the structure of the corpus callosum (CC) is affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Some clinical studies also suggest that interhemispheric connectivity is altered, since mirror movements seem to occur in ALS. Finally, reduced interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has been reported. It is not known whether there is any association between these findings. Here, we studied the integrity of the CC in ALS on the morphological, the functional, the electrophysiological, and the clinical level. Twenty-seven right-handed ALS patients and 21 healthy right-handed controls were included. Mirror activity (MA) was quantified using surface EMG. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography was used to segment the CC and quantify fractional anisotropy (FA). We studied the diffusivity of the intra-axonal markers N-acetylaspartate+N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate D(tNAA) within the CC. IHI was studied as a marker of CC function using a double-pulse TMS protocol. ALS patients showed significantly decreased FA in the motor segment of the CC (p < 0.01), and IHI was significantly reduced compared to controls (p = 0.01). However, no differences were observed regarding D(tNAA) and MA. The morphological as well as the functional integrity of the CC are altered in ALS. IHI was reduced in ALS, associated with decreased FA in the motor CC. Patients did not exhibit increased MA. Also, no differences within the CC were observed using diffusion-weighted spectroscopy. IHI might serve as a marker of transcallosal pathway disruption in ALS, even before clinical deficits become apparent.
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11
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Iqbal Z, Nguyen D, Thomas MA, Jiang S. Deep learning can accelerate and quantify simulated localized correlated spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8727. [PMID: 33888805 PMCID: PMC8062502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the determination of atomic structures and concentrations of different chemicals in a biochemical sample of interest. MRS is used in vivo clinically to aid in the diagnosis of several pathologies that affect metabolic pathways in the body. Typically, this experiment produces a one dimensional (1D) 1H spectrum containing several peaks that are well associated with biochemicals, or metabolites. However, since many of these peaks overlap, distinguishing chemicals with similar atomic structures becomes much more challenging. One technique capable of overcoming this issue is the localized correlated spectroscopy (L-COSY) experiment, which acquires a second spectral dimension and spreads overlapping signal across this second dimension. Unfortunately, the acquisition of a two dimensional (2D) spectroscopy experiment is extremely time consuming. Furthermore, quantitation of a 2D spectrum is more complex. Recently, artificial intelligence has emerged in the field of medicine as a powerful force capable of diagnosing disease, aiding in treatment, and even predicting treatment outcome. In this study, we utilize deep learning to: (1) accelerate the L-COSY experiment and (2) quantify L-COSY spectra. All training and testing samples were produced using simulated metabolite spectra for chemicals found in the human body. We demonstrate that our deep learning model greatly outperforms compressed sensing based reconstruction of L-COSY spectra at higher acceleration factors. Specifically, at four-fold acceleration, our method has less than 5% normalized mean squared error, whereas compressed sensing yields 20% normalized mean squared error. We also show that at low SNR (25% noise compared to maximum signal), our deep learning model has less than 8% normalized mean squared error for quantitation of L-COSY spectra. These pilot simulation results appear promising and may help improve the efficiency and accuracy of L-COSY experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michael Albert Thomas
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Jiang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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12
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Weidlich D, Honecker J, Boehm C, Ruschke S, Junker D, Van AT, Makowski MR, Holzapfel C, Claussnitzer M, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. Lipid droplet-size mapping in human adipose tissue using a clinical 3T system. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1256-1270. [PMID: 33797107 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a methodology for probing lipid droplet sizes with a clinical system based on a diffusion-weighted stimulated echo-prepared turbo spin-echo sequence and to validate the methodology in water-fat emulsions and show its applicability in ex vivo adipose-tissue samples. METHODS A diffusion-weighted stimulated echo-prepared preparation was combined with a single-shot turbo spin-echo readout for measurements at different b-values and diffusion times. The droplet size was estimated with an analytical expression, and three fitting approaches were compared: magnitude-based spatial averaging with voxel-wise residual minimization, complex-based spatial averaging with voxel-wise residual minimization, and complex-based spatial averaging with neighborhood-regularized residual minimization. Simulations were performed to characterize the fitting residual landscape and the approaches' noise performance. The applicability was assessed in oil-in-water emulsions in comparison with laser deflection and in ten human white adipose tissue samples in comparison with histology. RESULTS The fitting residual landscape showed a minimum valley with increasing extent as the droplet size increased. In phantoms, a very good agreement of the mean droplet size was observed between the diffusion-weighted MRI-based and the laser deflection measurements, showing the best performance with complex-based spatial averaging with neighborhood-regularized residual minimization processing (R2 /P: 0.971/0.014). In the human adipose-tissue samples, complex-based spatial averaging with neighborhood-regularized residual minimization processing showed a significant correlation (R2 /P: 0.531/0.017) compared with histology. CONCLUSION The proposed acquisition and parameter-estimation methodology was able to probe restricted diffusion effects in lipid droplets. The methodology was validated using phantoms, and its feasibility in measuring an apparent lipid droplet size was demonstrated ex vivo in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Boehm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anh T Van
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Genovese G, Palombo M, Santin MD, Valette J, Ligneul C, Aigrot MS, Abdoulkader N, Langui D, Millecamps A, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Stankoff B, Lehericy S, Petiet A, Branzoli F. Inflammation-driven glial alterations in the cuprizone mouse model probed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 11.7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4480. [PMID: 33480101 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of brain tissue is a complex response of the immune system to the presence of toxic compounds or to cell injury, leading to a cascade of pathological processes that include glial cell activation. Noninvasive MRI markers of glial reactivity would be very useful for in vivo detection and monitoring of inflammation processes in the brain, as well as for evaluating the efficacy of personalized treatments. Due to their specific location in glial cells, myo-inositol (mIns) and choline compounds (tCho) seem to be the best candidates for probing glial-specific intra-cellular compartments. However, their concentrations quantified using conventional proton MRS are not specific for inflammation. In contrast, it has been recently suggested that mIns intra-cellular diffusion, measured using diffusion-weighted MRS (DW-MRS) in a mouse model of reactive astrocytes, could be a specific marker of astrocytic hypertrophy. In order to evaluate the specificity of both mIns and tCho diffusion to inflammation-driven glial alterations, we performed DW-MRS in a volume of interest containing the corpus callosum and surrounding tissue of cuprizone-fed mice after 6 weeks of intoxication, and evaluated the extent of astrocytic and microglial alterations using immunohistochemistry. Both mIns and tCho apparent diffusion coefficients were significantly elevated in cuprizone-fed mice compared with control mice, and histologic evaluation confirmed the presence of severe inflammation. Additionally, mIns and tCho diffusion showed, respectively, strong and moderate correlations with histological measures of astrocytic and microglial area fractions, confirming DW-MRS as a promising tool for specific detection of glial changes under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Genovese
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marco Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Nasteho Abdoulkader
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Stankoff
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Petiet
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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14
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Smartsev S, Chriki R, Eger D, Firstenberg O, Davidson N. Structured beams invariant to coherent diffusion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33708-33717. [PMID: 33115030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bessel beams are renowned members of a wide family of non-diffracting (propagation-invariant) fields. We report on experiments showing that non-diffracting fields are also immune to diffusion. We map the phase and magnitude of structured laser fields onto the spatial coherence between two internal states of warm atoms undergoing diffusion. We measure the field after a controllable, effective, diffusion time by continuously generating light from the spatial coherence. The coherent diffusion of Bessel-Gaussian fields and more intricate, non-diffracting fields is quantitatively analyzed and directly compared to that of diffracting fields. To elucidate the origin of diffusion invariance, we show results for non-diffracting fields whose phase pattern we flatten.
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15
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Abstract
From the granular and fractured subsurface environment to highly engineered polymer membranes used in pharmaceutical purification, porous materials are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. In particular, porous media are used extensively in processes including water treatment, pharmaceutical sterilization, food/beverage processing, and heterogeneous catalysis, where hindered mass transport is either essential to the process or a necessary but undesirable limitation. Unfortunately, there are currently no universal models capable of predicting mass transport based on a description of the porous material because real porous materials are complex and because many coupled dynamic mechanisms (e.g., adsorption, steric effects, hydrodynamic effects, electrostatic interactions, etc.) give rise to the observed macroscopic transport phenomena.While classical techniques, like nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, provide useful information about mass transport in porous media at the ensemble level, they provide limited insight into the microscopic mechanisms that give rise to complex phenomena such as anomalous diffusion, hindered pore-space accessibility, and unexpected retention under flow, among many others. To address this issue, we have developed refractive index matching imaging systems, combined with single-particle tracking methods, allowing the direct visualization of single-particle motion within a variety of porous materials.In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts to advance the understanding of nanoparticle transport in porous media using single-particle tracking methods in both fundamental and applied scenarios. First, we describe the basic principles for two-dimensional and three-dimensional single-particle tracking in porous materials. Then, we provide concrete examples of nanoparticle transport in porous materials from two perspectives: (1) understanding fundamental elementary particle transport processes in porous media, including pore accessibility and cavity escape, which limit transport in porous media, and (2) facilitating applications in industrial processes, e.g., by understanding the mechanisms of particle fouling and remobilization in filtration membranes. Finally, we provide an outlook of opportunities associated with investigating other types of mass transport in confined environments using single-particle tracking methods, including electrophoretic and self-propelled motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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16
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Hoffmann MM, Too MD, Vogel M, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G. Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein Equation for Solutions of Water in Oil Reverse Micelles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9115-9125. [PMID: 32924487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An experimental study is presented for the reverse micellar system of 15% by mass polydisperse hexaethylene glycol monodecylether (C10E6) in cyclohexane with varying amounts of added water up to 4% by mass. Measurements of viscosity and self-diffusion coefficients were taken as a function of temperature between 10 and 45 °C at varying sample water loads but fixed C10E6/cyclohexane composition. The results were used to inspect the validity of the Stokes-Einstein equation for this system. Unreasonably small reverse average micelle radii and aggregation numbers were obtained with the Stokes-Einstein equation, but reasonable values for these quantities were obtained using the ratio of surfactant-to-cyclohexane self-diffusion coefficients. While bulk viscosity increased with increasing water load, a concurrent expected decrease of self-diffusion coefficient was only observed for the surfactant and water but not for cyclohexane, which showed independence of water load. Moreover, a spread of self-diffusion coefficients was observed for the protons associated with the ethylene oxide repeat unit in samples with polydisperse C10E6 but not in a sample with monodisperse C10E6. These findings were interpreted by the presence of reverse micelle to reverse micelle hopping motions that with higher water load become increasingly selective toward C10E6 molecules with short ethylene oxide repeat units, while those with long ethylene oxide repeat units remain trapped within the reverse micelle because of the increased hydrogen bonding interactions with the water inside the growing core of the reverse micelle. Despite the observed breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein equation, the temperature dependence of the viscosities and self-diffusion coefficients was found to follow Arrhenius behavior over the investigated range of temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York College at Brockport, Brockport, New York 14420, United States
| | - Matthew D Too
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York College at Brockport, Brockport, New York 14420, United States
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
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17
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Emwas AH, Szczepski K, Poulson BG, Chandra K, McKay RT, Dhahri M, Alahmari F, Jaremko L, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M. NMR as a "Gold Standard" Method in Drug Design and Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E4597. [PMID: 33050240 PMCID: PMC7594251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying disease models at the molecular level is vital for drug development in order to improve treatment and prevent a wide range of human pathologies. Microbial infections are still a major challenge because pathogens rapidly and continually evolve developing drug resistance. Cancer cells also change genetically, and current therapeutic techniques may be (or may become) ineffective in many cases. The pathology of many neurological diseases remains an enigma, and the exact etiology and underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Viral infections spread and develop much more quickly than does the corresponding research needed to prevent and combat these infections; the present and most relevant outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, China, illustrates the critical and immediate need to improve drug design and development techniques. Modern day drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive process. Each new drug takes in excess of 10 years to develop and costs on average more than a billion US dollars. This demonstrates the need of a complete redesign or novel strategies. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has played a critical role in drug discovery ever since its introduction several decades ago. In just three decades, NMR has become a "gold standard" platform technology in medical and pharmacology studies. In this review, we present the major applications of NMR spectroscopy in medical drug discovery and development. The basic concepts, theories, and applications of the most commonly used NMR techniques are presented. We also summarize the advantages and limitations of the primary NMR methods in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Ryan T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada;
| | - Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alahmari
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute for Research and Medical, Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
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18
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Plucinski A, Willersinn J, Lira RB, Dimova R, Schmidt BVKJ. Aggregation and Crosslinking of Poly(
N,N
‐dimethylacrylamide)‐
b
‐pullulan Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plucinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Jochen Willersinn
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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19
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Kassubek J, Müller HP. Advanced neuroimaging approaches in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: refining the clinical diagnosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:237-249. [PMID: 31937156 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1715798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last decade, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has achieved tremendous advances in applications to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to increase the understanding of the associated pathophysiology. The aim of this review is to summarize recent progress in the development of MRI-based techniques aiming to support the clinical diagnosis in ALS.Areas covered: The review of structural and functional MRI applications to ALS and its variants (restricted phenotypes) is focused on the potential of MRI techniques which contribute to the diagnostic work-up of patients with the clinical presentation of a motor neuron disease. The potential of specific MRI methods for patient diagnosis and monitoring is discussed, and the future design of clinical MRI applications to ALS is conceptualized.Expert opinion: Current multiparametric MRI allows for the use as a clinical biological marker and a technical instrument in the clinical diagnosis of patients with ALS and also of patients with ALS variants. Composite neuroimaging indices of specific anatomical areas derived from different MRI techniques might guide in the diagnostic applications to ALS. Such a development of ALS-specific MRI-based composite scores with sufficient discriminative power versus ALS mimics at an individual level requires standardized advanced protocols and comprehensive analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Stovell MG, Mada MO, Carpenter TA, Yan JL, Guilfoyle MR, Jalloh I, Welsh KE, Helmy A, Howe DJ, Grice P, Mason A, Giorgi-Coll S, Gallagher CN, Murphy MP, Menon DK, Hutchinson PJ, Carpenter KL. Phosphorus spectroscopy in acute TBI demonstrates metabolic changes that relate to outcome in the presence of normal structural MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:67-84. [PMID: 30226401 PMCID: PMC6927074 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18799176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a key pathophysiological process in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although changes in brain glucose metabolism and extracellular lactate/pyruvate ratio are well known, it was hitherto unknown whether these translate to downstream changes in ATP metabolism and intracellular pH. We have performed the first clinical voxel-based in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in 13 acute-phase major TBI patients versus 10 healthy controls (HCs), at 3T, focusing on eight central 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm3 voxels per subject. PCr/γATP ratio (a measure of energy status) in TBI patients was significantly higher (median = 1.09) than that of HCs (median = 0.93) (p < 0.0001), due to changes in both PCr and ATP. There was no significant difference in PCr/γATP between TBI patients with favourable and unfavourable outcome. Cerebral intracellular pH of TBI patients was significantly higher (median = 7.04) than that of HCs (median = 7.00) (p = 0.04). Alkalosis was limited to patients with unfavourable outcome (median = 7.07) (p < 0.0001). These changes persisted after excluding voxels with > 5% radiologically visible injury. This is the first clinical demonstration of brain alkalosis and elevated PCr/γATP ratio acutely after major TBI. 31P MRS has potential for non-invasively assessing brain injury in the absence of structural injury, predicting outcome and monitoring therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Stovell
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marius O Mada
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Adrian Carpenter
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiun-Lin Yan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mathew R Guilfoyle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jalloh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen E Welsh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Grice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Giorgi-Coll
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare N Gallagher
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keri Lh Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Wang M, Tsang A, Tam V, Chan D, Cao P, Wu EX. Multiparametric MR Investigation of Proteoglycan Diffusivity, T
2
Relaxation, and Concentration in an Ex Vivo Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1390-1400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ed X. Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
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22
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy extended by oscillating diffusion gradients: Cell-specific anomalous diffusion as a probe for tissue microstructure in human brain. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Chen X, Tamang SM, Du F, Ongur D. Glutamate diffusion in the rat brain in vivo under light and deep anesthesia conditions. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:84-94. [PMID: 30860289 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in many common and severe neuropsychiatric disorders. In vivo MRS techniques have been developed to measure brain Glu concentration to investigate the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. However, it is difficult to interpret Glu signal changes because Glu plays multiple roles in the brain and is found in multiple microenvironments including cytosolic, vesicular, and extracellular. METHODS In vivo diffusion-weighted MRS (DW-MRS) with low to very high b-values was performed on the rat prefrontal cortex at 9.4T under both light and deep anesthetic conditions to examine Glu diffusion properties. RESULTS Significant alterations in Glu diffusion as well as reduced Glu concentration were observed under deep anesthesia compared with superficial anesthesia in the absence of similar changes in NAA or creatine. CONCLUSION The modifications in Glu diffusion under deep anesthesia might reflect changes in Glu microenvironment. The present work shows that Glu DW-MRS could be an important tool to explore Glu physiology with changing levels of neuronal activity and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Siddartha M Tamang
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Dost Ongur
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
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24
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Weidlich D, Honecker J, Gmach O, Wu M, Burgkart R, Ruschke S, Franz D, Menze BH, Skurk T, Hauner H, Kulozik U, Karampinos DC. Measuring large lipid droplet sizes by probing restricted lipid diffusion effects with diffusion-weighted MRS at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3427-3439. [PMID: 30652361 PMCID: PMC6519235 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The in vivo probing of restricted diffusion effects in large lipid droplets on a clinical MR scanner remains a major challenge due to the need for high b‐values and long diffusion times. This work proposes a methodology to probe mean lipid droplet sizes using diffusion‐weighted MRS (DW‐MRS) at 3T. Methods An analytical expression for restricted diffusion was used. Simulations were performed to evaluate the noise performance and the influence of particle size distribution. To validate the method, oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared and examined using DW‐MRS, laser deflection and light microscopy. The tibia bone marrow was scanned in volunteers to test the method repeatability and characterize microstructural differences at different locations. Results The simulations showed accurate and precise droplet size estimation when a sufficient SNR is reached with minor dependence on the size distribution. In phantoms, a good correlation between the measured droplet sizes by DW‐MRS and by laser deflection (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.01) and microscopy (R2 = 0.99; P < 0.01) measurements was obtained. A mean coefficient of variation of 11.5 % was found for the lipid droplet diameter in vivo. The average diameter was smaller at a proximal (50.1 ± 7.3 µm) compared with a distal tibia location (61.1 ± 6.8 µm) (P < 0.01). Conclusion The presented methods were able to probe restricted diffusion effects in lipid droplets using DW‐MRS and to estimate lipid droplet size. The methodology was validated using phantoms and the in vivo feasibility in bone marrow was shown based on a good repeatability and findings in agreement with literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Gmach
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Burgkart
- Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjoern H Menze
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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25
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Magro-Checa C, Steup-Beekman GM, Huizinga TW, van Buchem MA, Ronen I. Laboratory and Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Where Do We Stand, Where To Go? Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:340. [PMID: 30564579 PMCID: PMC6288259 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-systemic involvement. Nervous system involvement in SLE leads to a series of uncommon and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations. Current knowledge on the underlying pathogenic processes and their subsequent pathophysiological changes leading to NP-SLE manifestations is incomplete. Several putative laboratory biomarkers have been proposed as contributors to the genesis of SLE-related nervous system damage. Alongside the laboratory biomarkers, several neuroimaging tools have shown to reflect the nature of tissue microstructural damage associated with SLE, and thus were suggested to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological changes and subsequently help in clinical decision making. However, the number of useful biomarkers in NP-SLE in clinical practice is disconcertingly modest. In some cases it is not clear whether the biomarker is truly involved in pathogenesis, or the result of non-specific pathophysiological changes in the nervous system (e.g., neuroinflammation) or whether it is the consequence of a concomitant underlying abnormality related to SLE activity. In order to improve the diagnosis of NP-SLE and provide a better targeted care to these patients, there is still a need to develop and validate a range of biomarkers that reliably capture the different aspects of disease heterogeneity. This article critically reviews the current state of knowledge on laboratory and neuroimaging biomarkers in NP-SLE, discusses the factors that need to be addressed to make these biomarkers suitable for clinical application, and suggests potential future research paths to address important unmet needs in the NP-SLE field.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Magro-Checa
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Tom W Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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26
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Hong D, van Asten JJA, Rankouhi SR, Thielen JW, Norris DG. Implications of the magnetic susceptibility difference between grey and white matter for single-voxel proton spectroscopy at 7 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 297:51-60. [PMID: 30359907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility differences between grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) can potentially affect lineshapes and chemical shifts in single-voxel spectroscopy. This study aimed to investigate the consequences and potential utility of these effects. Spectroscopy voxels were segmented into GM, WM, and cerebrospinal fluid based on T1-weighted images. GM and WM lineshapes were computed using multi-echo gradient-echo images to measure the frequency distribution. Twenty 7 Tesla single voxel spectra with corresponding T1-weighted images were acquired from the frontal and parietal lobes from five healthy human volunteers. Consistent frequency shifts (mean [±SD] 4.9 ± 2.0 Hz) and linewidth differences (2.4 ± 1.5 Hz) between the two tissue types were observed. Directly visible metabolites (creatine, choline, and myo-inositol) exhibited frequency shifts and linewidth differences that were consistent with a linear-weighted summation of their expected GM and WM distribution ratios. The magnetic susceptibility difference between GM and WM had a detectable effect on single-voxel proton spectra, which results in both frequency shifts and lineshape broadening. This effect can be used to estimate the relative metabolic distribution in the GM and WM for directly observable metabolites. Fractional distributions estimated with this method demonstrated good agreement with literature values for the selected metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Willem Thielen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David G Norris
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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27
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Jones DK, Alexander DC, Bowtell R, Cercignani M, Dell'Acqua F, McHugh DJ, Miller KL, Palombo M, Parker GJM, Rudrapatna US, Tax CMW. Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a 'super-scanner': 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2018; 182:8-38. [PMID: 29793061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The key component of a microstructural diffusion MRI 'super-scanner' is a dedicated high-strength gradient system that enables stronger diffusion weightings per unit time compared to conventional gradient designs. This can, in turn, drastically shorten the time needed for diffusion encoding, increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitate measurements at shorter diffusion times. This review, written from the perspective of the UK National Facility for In Vivo MR Imaging of Human Tissue Microstructure, an initiative to establish a shared 300 mT/m-gradient facility amongst the microstructural imaging community, describes ten advantages of ultra-strong gradients for microstructural imaging. Specifically, we will discuss how the increase of the accessible measurement space compared to a lower-gradient systems (in terms of Δ, b-value, and TE) can accelerate developments in the areas of 1) axon diameter distribution mapping; 2) microstructural parameter estimation; 3) mapping micro-vs macroscopic anisotropy features with gradient waveforms beyond a single pair of pulsed-gradients; 4) multi-contrast experiments, e.g. diffusion-relaxometry; 5) tractography and high-resolution imaging in vivo and 6) post mortem; 7) diffusion-weighted spectroscopy of metabolites other than water; 8) tumour characterisation; 9) functional diffusion MRI; and 10) quality enhancement of images acquired on lower-gradient systems. We finally discuss practical barriers in the use of ultra-strong gradients, and provide an outlook on the next generation of 'super-scanners'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
| | - D C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, UCL (University College London), Gower Street, London, UK; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Cercignani
- Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - F Dell'Acqua
- Natbrainlab, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D J McHugh
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge and Manchester, UK
| | - K L Miller
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, UCL (University College London), Gower Street, London, UK
| | - G J M Parker
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge and Manchester, UK; Bioxydyn Ltd., Manchester, UK
| | - U S Rudrapatna
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C M W Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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28
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Palombo M, Shemesh N, Ronen I, Valette J. Insights into brain microstructure from in vivo DW-MRS. Neuroimage 2018; 182:97-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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29
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Ladd-Parada M, Povey MJ, Vieira J, Ries ME. Fast field cycling NMR relaxometry studies of molten and cooled cocoa butter. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1508784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan J. Povey
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Michael E. Ries
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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30
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Studying neurons and glia non-invasively via anomalous subdiffusion of intracellular metabolites. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3841-3854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Deelchand DK, Auerbach EJ, Marjańska M. Apparent diffusion coefficients of the five major metabolites measured in the human brain in vivo at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2896-2901. [PMID: 29044690 PMCID: PMC5843522 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of five main metabolites in the human brain at 3T with PRESS and STEAM, avoiding measurement biases because of cross-terms. Cross-terms arise from interactions between slice-selection and spoiler gradients in the localized spectroscopy sequence and the diffusion gradients. METHODS Diffusion-weighted spectra were acquired from the prefrontal cortex in five healthy subjects using STEAM (echo time [TE]/mixing time [TM]/pulse repetition time [TR] = 21.22/105/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 3172 s/mm2 ) and PRESS (TE/TR = 54.2/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 2204 s/mm2 ). Diffusion weighting was applied using bipolar gradients in three orthogonal directions. Post-processed spectra were analyzed with LCModel, and the trace/3 ADC values were calculated. RESULTS Comparable trace/3 ADC values (0.14-0.18 µm2 /ms) were obtained for five main metabolites with both methods. These metabolites were quantified with Cramér-Rao lower bounds below 15%. CONCLUSION The ADC values of the five main metabolites were successfully measured in the human brain at 3T with eliminated directional dependence. Both STEAM and PRESS can be used to probe the diffusivity of metabolites in normal brain and various pathologies on the clinical scanner with slightly higher precision achieved with STEAM for glutamate and myo-inositol. Magn Reson Med 79:2896-2901, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Edward J. Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Serrao E, Kettunen M, Rodrigues T, Lewis D, Gallagher F, Hu D, Brindle K. Analysis of 13 C and 14 C labeling in pyruvate and lactate in tumor and blood of lymphoma-bearing mice injected with 13 C- and 14 C-labeled pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3901. [PMID: 29457661 PMCID: PMC5947589 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between injected [1-13 C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool can give an apparent first-order rate constant for the exchange. The determination of the isotope flux, however, requires an estimate of the labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor. This was achieved here by measurement of the tumor uptake of [1-14 C]pyruvate, which showed that <2% of the injected pyruvate reached the tumor site. Multiplication of this estimated labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor with the apparent first-order rate constant for hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange gave an isotope flux that showed good agreement with a flux determined directly by the injection of non-polarized [3-13 C]pyruvate, rapid excision of the tumor after 30 s and measurement of 13 C-labeled lactate concentrations in tumor extracts. The distribution of labeled lactate between intra- and extracellular compartments and the blood pool was investigated by imaging, by measurement of the labeled lactate concentration in blood and tumor, and by examination of the effects of a gadolinium contrast agent and a lactate transport inhibitor on the intensity of the hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate signal. These measurements showed that there was significant export of labeled lactate from the tumor, but that labeled lactate in the blood pool produced by the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate showed only relatively low levels of polarization. This study shows that measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate in a murine tumor model can provide an estimate of the true isotope flux if the concentration of labeled pyruvate that reaches the tumor can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M.I. Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - T.B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - F.A. Gallagher
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.E. Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - K.M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Döring A, Adalid V, Boesch C, Kreis R. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy boosted by simultaneously acquired water reference signals. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2326-2338. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Döring
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Victor Adalid
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Flament J, Hantraye P, Valette J. In Vivo Multidimensional Brain Imaging in Huntington's Disease Animal Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1780:285-301. [PMID: 29856025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7825-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat located in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. This mutation induces the expression of a polyglutamine stretch in the mutated protein resulting in the modification of various biological properties of the wild-type protein and the progressive appearance of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders that are typically associated to this condition. Although the exact neuropathological mechanisms of degeneration are still not fully understood, HD pathology is characterized by severe neuronal losses in various brain regions including the basal ganglia and many cortical areas. Early signs of astrogliosis may precede actual neuronal degeneration. Early metabolic impairment at least in part associated with mitochondrial complex II deficiency may play a key role in huntingtin-induced mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Clinical trials are actively prepared including various gene-silencing approaches aiming at decreasing mutated huntingtin production. However, with the lack of a specific imaging biomarker capable of visualizing mutated huntingtin or huntingtin aggregates, there is a need for surrogate markers of huntingtin neurodegeneration. MRI and caudate nucleus atrophy is one of the most sensitive imaging biomarkers of HD. As such it can be used as a means to study disease progression and potential halting of the neurodegenerative process by therapeutic intervention, but this marker relies on actual neuronal loss which is a somewhat a late event in the pathology. As a means to develop, characterize and evaluate new, potentially earlier biomarkers of HD pathology we have recently embarked on a series of NMR developments looking for brain imaging techniques that allow for noninvasive longitudinal evaluation/characterization of functional alterations in animal models of HD. This chapter describes an assemblage of innovative NMR methods that have proved useful in detecting pathological cell dysfunctions in various preclinical models of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Flament
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, US27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- INSERM, US27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Julien Valette
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Cai Y, Schwartz DK. Mapping the Functional Tortuosity and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Porous Polymer Membranes with Super-Resolution Nanoparticle Tracking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43258-43266. [PMID: 29161008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As particles flow through porous media, they follow complex pathways and experience heterogeneous environments that are challenging to characterize. Tortuosity is often used as a parameter to characterize the complexity of pathways in porous materials and is useful in understanding hindered mass transport in industrial filtration and mass separation processes. However, conventional calculations of tortuosity provide only average values under static conditions; they are insensitive to the intrinsic heterogeneity of porous media and do not account for potential effects of operating conditions. Here, we employ a high-throughput nanoparticle tracking method which enables the observation of actual particle trajectories in polymer membranes under relevant operating conditions. Our results indicate that tortuosity is not simply a structural material property but is instead a functional property that depends on flow rate and particle size. We also resolved the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of flowing particles in these porous media. The distributions of tortuosity and of local residence/retention times were surprisingly broad, exhibiting heavy tails representing a population of highly tortuous trajectories and local regions with anomalously long residence times. Interestingly, local tortuosity and residence times were directly correlated, suggesting the presence of highly confining regions that cause more meandering trajectories and longer retention times. The comprehensive information about tortuosity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity provided by these methods will advance the understanding of complex mass transport and assist rational design and synthesis of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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Distinguishing neuronal from astrocytic subcellular microstructures using in vivo Double Diffusion Encoded 1H MRS at 21.1 T. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185232. [PMID: 28968410 PMCID: PMC5624579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring cellular microstructures non-invasively and achieving specificity towards a cell-type population within an interrogated in vivo tissue, remains an outstanding challenge in brain research. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides an opportunity to achieve cellular specificity via the spectral resolution of metabolites such as N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo-Inositol (mI), which are considered neuronal and astrocytic markers, respectively. Yet the information typically obtained with MRS describes metabolic concentrations, diffusion coefficients or relaxation rates rather than microstructures. Understanding how these metabolites are compartmentalized is a challenging but important goal, which so far has been mainly addressed using diffusion models. Here, we present direct in vivo evidence for the confinement of NAA and mI within sub-cellular components, namely, the randomly oriented process of neurons and astrocytes, respectively. Our approach applied Relaxation Enhanced MRS at ultrahigh (21.1 T) field, and used its high 1H sensitivity to measure restricted diffusion correlations for NAA and mI using a Double Diffusion Encoding (DDE) filter. While very low macroscopic anisotropy was revealed by spatially localized Diffusion Tensor Spectroscopy, DDE displayed characteristic amplitude modulations reporting on confinements in otherwise randomly oriented anisotropic microstructures for both metabolites. This implies that for the chosen set of parameters, the DDE measurements had a biased sensitivity towards NAA and mI sited in the more confined environments of neurites and astrocytic branches, than in the cell somata. These measurements thus provide intrinsic diffusivities and compartment diameters, and revealed subcellular neuronal and astrocytic morphologies in normal in vivo rat brains. The relevance of these measurements towards human applications—which could in turn help understand CNS plasticity as well as diagnose brain diseases—is discussed.
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Dehghani M, Kunz N, Lanz B, Yoshihara HAI, Gruetter R. Diffusion-weighted MRS of acetate in the rat brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3768. [PMID: 28796319 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetate has been proposed as an astrocyte-specific energy substrate for metabolic studies in the brain. The determination of the relative contribution of the intracellular and extracellular compartments to the acetate signal using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide an insight into the cellular environment and distribution volume of acetate in the brain. In the present study, localized 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy employing a diffusion-weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence at an ultra-high magnetic field (14.1 T) was used to investigate the diffusivity characteristics of acetate and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the rat brain in vivo during prolonged acetate infusion. The persistence of the acetate resonance in 1 H spectra acquired at very large diffusion weighting indicated restricted diffusion of acetate and was attributed to intracellular spaces. However, the significantly greater diffusion of acetate relative to NAA suggests that a substantial fraction of acetate is located in the extracellular space of the brain. Assuming an even distribution for acetate in intracellular and extracellular spaces, the diffusion properties of acetate yielded a smaller volume of distribution for acetate relative to water and glucose in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Dehghani
- Laboratoire d'imagerie fonctionnelle et métabolique (LIFMET), École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Kunz
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM)-AIT, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Laboratoire d'imagerie fonctionnelle et métabolique (LIFMET), École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratoire d'imagerie fonctionnelle et métabolique (LIFMET), École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Synthesis of novel muramic acid derivatives and their interaction with lysozyme: Action of lysozyme revisited. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zielman R, Wijnen JP, Webb A, Onderwater GLJ, Ronen I, Ferrari MD, Kan HE, Terwindt GM, Kruit MC. Cortical glutamate in migraine. Brain 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Can we detect the effect of spines and leaflets on the diffusion of brain intracellular metabolites? Neuroimage 2017; 182:283-293. [PMID: 28495635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior models used to clarify which aspects of tissue microstructure mostly affect intracellular diffusion and corresponding diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (DW-MR) signal have focused on relatively simple geometrical descriptions of the cellular microenvironment (spheres, randomly oriented cylinders, etc…), neglecting finer morphological details which may have an important role. Some types of neurons present high density of spines; and astrocytes and macroglial cells processes present leaflets, which may all impact the diffusion process. Here, we use Monte-Carlo simulations of many particles diffusing in cylindrical compartments with secondary structures mimicking spines and leaflets of neuronal and glial cell fibers, to investigate to what extent the diffusion-weighted signal of intracellular molecules is sensitive to spines/leaflets density and length. In order to study the specificity of DW-MR signal to these kinds of secondary structures, beading-like geometry is simulated as "control" deviation from smooth cylinder too. Results suggest that: a) the estimated intracellular tortuosity increases as spines/leaflets density or length (beading amplitude) increase; b) the tortuosity limit is reached for diffusion time td>200 ms for metabolites and td>70 ms for water molecules, suggesting that the effects of these finer morphological details are negligible at td longer than these threshold values; c) fiber diameter is overestimated, while intracellular diffusivity is underestimated, when simple geometrical models based on hollow smooth cylinders are used; d) apparent surface-to-volume, S/V, ratio estimated by linear fit of high frequency OG data appears to be an excellent estimation of the actual S/V ratio, even in the presence of secondary structures, and it increases as spines and leaflets density or length increase (while decreasing as beadings amplitude increases). Comparison between numerical simulations and multimodal metabolites DW-MRS experiments in vivo in mouse brain shows that these fine structures may affect the DW-MRS signal and the derived diffusion metrics consistently with their expected density and geometrical features. This work suggests that finer structures of cell morphology have non-negligible effects on intracellular molecules' diffusion that may be measured by using multimodal DW-MRS approaches, stimulating future developments and applications.
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41
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Bodini B, Branzoli F, Poirion E, García-Lorenzo D, Didier M, Maillart E, Socha J, Bera G, Lubetzki C, Ronen I, Lehericy S, Stankoff B. Dysregulation of energy metabolism in multiple sclerosis measured in vivo with diffusion-weighted spectroscopy. Mult Scler 2017; 24:313-321. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458517698249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We employed diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS), which allows to measure in vivo the diffusion properties of metabolites, to explore the functional neuro-axonal damage and the ongoing energetic dysregulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Twenty-five patients with MS and 18 healthy controls (HC) underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DW-MRS. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA) and creatine–phosphocreatine (tCr) were measured in the parietal normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and in the thalamic grey matter (TGM). Multiple regressions were used to compare metabolite ADCs between groups and to explore clinical correlations. Results: In patients compared with HCs, we found a reduction in ADC(tNAA) in the TGM, reflecting functional and structural neuro-axonal damage, and in ADC(tCr) in both NAWM and TGM, possibly reflecting a reduction in energy supply in neurons and glial cells. Metabolite ADCs did not correlate with tissue atrophy, lesional volume or metabolite concentrations, while in TGM metabolite ADCs correlated with clinical scores. Conclusion: DW-MRS showed a reduction in tCr diffusivity in the normal-appearing brain of patients with MS, which might reflect a state of ongoing energy dysregulation affecting neurons and/or glial cells. Reversing this energy dysregulation before neuro-axonal degeneration arises may become a key objective in future neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bodini
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Poirion
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Daniel García-Lorenzo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Didier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | | | - Julie Socha
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Bera
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France/AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France/AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Cao P, Wu EX. In vivo diffusion MRS investigation of non-water molecules in biological tissues. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3481. [PMID: 26797798 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion MRS of non-water molecules offers great potential in directly revealing various tissue microstructures and physiology at both cellular and subcellular levels. In brain, 1 H diffusion MRS has been demonstrated as a new tool for probing normal tissue microstructures and their pathological changes. In skeletal muscle, 1 H diffusion MRS could characterize slow and restricted intramyocellular lipid diffusion, providing a sensitive marker for metabolic alterations, while 31 P diffusion MRS can measure ATP and PCr diffusion, which may reflect the capacity of cellular energy transport, complementing the information from frequently used 31 P MRS in muscle. In intervertebral disk, 1 H diffusion MRS can directly monitor extracellular matrix integrity by quantifying the mobility of macromolecules such as proteoglycans and collagens. In tumor tissue, 13 C diffusion MRS could probe intracellular glycolytic metabolism, while 1 H diffusion MRS may separate the spectrally overlapped lactate and lipid resonances. In this review, recent diffusion MRS studies of these biologically relevant non-water molecules under normal and diseased conditions will be presented. Technical considerations for diffusion MRS experiments will be discussed. With advances in MRI hardware and diffusion methodology, diffusion MRS of non-water molecules is expected to provide increasingly valuable and biologically specific information on tissue microstructures and physiology, complementing the traditional diffusion MRI of small and ubiquitous water molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ligneul C, Valette J. Probing metabolite diffusion at ultra-short time scales in the mouse brain using optimized oscillating gradients and "short"-echo-time diffusion-weighted MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3671. [PMID: 27891691 PMCID: PMC5164933 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Measuring diffusion at ultra-short time scales may yield information about short-range intracellular structure and cytosol viscosity. However, reaching such time scales usually requires oscillating gradients, which in turn imply long echo times TE . Here we propose a new kind of stretched oscillating gradient that allows us to increase diffusion-weighting b while preserving spectral and temporal properties of the gradient modulation. We used these optimized gradients to measure metabolite diffusion in the mouse brain down to effective diffusion times of 1 ms while keeping TE relatively short (60 ms). At such TE , a significant macromolecule signal could still be observed and used as an internal reference of approximately null diffusivity, which proved critical to discard datasets corrupted by some motion artifact. The methods introduced here may be useful to improve the accuracy and precision of metabolite apparent diffusion coefficient measurements with oscillating gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ligneul
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Lipidomics, Biomarkers, and Schizophrenia: A Current Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 965:265-290. [PMID: 28132184 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47656-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recent technological progresses in mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chromatography have significantly enhanced the developments and applications of metabolic profiling of lipids in more complex biological samples. As many diseases reveal a notable change in lipid profiles compared with that of healthy people, lipidomics have also been broadly introduced to scientific research on diseases. Exploration of lipid biochemistry by lipidomics approach will not only provide insights into specific roles of lipid molecular species in health and disease, but it will also support the identification of potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic approaches for human health. This chapter aims to illustrate how lipidomics can contribute for understanding the biological mechanisms inherent to schizophrenia and why lipids are relevant biomarkers of schizophrenia. The application of lipidomics in clinical studies has the potential to provide new insights into lipid profiling and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. The future perspectives of lipidomics in mental disorders are also discussed herein.
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Palombo M, Ligneul C, Valette J. Modeling diffusion of intracellular metabolites in the mouse brain up to very high diffusion-weighting: Diffusion in long fibers (almost) accounts for non-monoexponential attenuation. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:343-350. [PMID: 27851876 PMCID: PMC5326576 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate how intracellular metabolites diffusion measured in vivo up to very high q/b in the mouse brain can be explained in terms of simple geometries. METHODS 10 mice were scanned using our new STE-LASER sequence, at 11.7 Tesla (T), up to qmax = 1 μm-1 at diffusion time td = 63.2 ms, corresponding to bmax = 60 ms/µm². We model cell fibers as randomly oriented cylinders, with radius a and intracellular diffusivity Dintracyl, and fit experimental data as a function of q to estimate Dintracyl and a. RESULTS Randomly oriented cylinders account well for measured attenuation, giving fiber radii and Dintracyl in the expected ranges (0.5-1.5 µm and 0.30-0.45 µm2/ms, respectively). The only exception is N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) (extracted a∼0), which we show to be compatible with a small fraction of the NAA pool being confined in highly restricted compartments (with short T2). CONCLUSION The non-monoexponential signal attenuation of intracellular metabolites in the mouse brain can be described by diffusion in long and thin cylinders, yielding realistic Dintra and fiber diameters. However, this simple model may require small "corrections" for NAA, in the form of a small fraction of the NAA signal originating from a highly restricted compartment. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palombo
- Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomedicale (IBM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clemence Ligneul
- Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomedicale (IBM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomedicale (IBM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Smith HL, Bourne JN, Cao G, Chirillo MA, Ostroff LE, Watson DJ, Harris KM. Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization with age-dependent synaptic growth after LTP. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27991850 PMCID: PMC5235352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria support synaptic transmission through production of ATP, sequestration of calcium, synthesis of glutamate, and other vital functions. Surprisingly, less than 50% of hippocampal CA1 presynaptic boutons contain mitochondria, raising the question of whether synapses without mitochondria can sustain changes in efficacy. To address this question, we analyzed synapses from postnatal day 15 (P15) and adult rat hippocampus that had undergone theta-burst stimulation to produce long-term potentiation (TBS-LTP) and compared them to control or no stimulation. At 30 and 120 min after TBS-LTP, vesicles were decreased only in presynaptic boutons that contained mitochondria at P15, and vesicle decrement was greatest in adult boutons containing mitochondria. Presynaptic mitochondrial cristae were widened, suggesting a sustained energy demand. Thus, mitochondrial proximity reflected enhanced vesicle mobilization well after potentiation reached asymptote, in parallel with the apparently silent addition of new dendritic spines at P15 or the silent enlargement of synapses in adults. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15275.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Jennifer N Bourne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Guan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Michael A Chirillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Linnaea E Ostroff
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, Washington, New York
| | - Deborah J Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Kristen M Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Busato A, Fumene Feruglio P, Parnigotto PP, Marzola P, Sbarbati A. In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2725. [PMID: 28076937 PMCID: PMC5159782 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging techniques can be integrated with classical histochemistry to create an actual histochemistry of water. In particular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an imaging technique primarily used as diagnostic tool in clinical/preclinical research, has excellent anatomical resolution, unlimited penetration depth and intrinsic soft tissue contrast. Thanks to the technological development, MRI is not only capable to provide morphological information but also and more interestingly functional, biophysical and molecular. In this paper we describe the main features of several advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and MRI with contrast agent as a useful support to classical histochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Busato
- University of Verona, Department of Computer Science.
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Landheer K, Schulte R, Geraghty B, Hanstock C, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Graham SJ. Diffusion-weighted J-resolved spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1235-1245. [PMID: 27797114 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS) technique in conjunction with J-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy (JPRESS) to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of brain metabolites beyond N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) at 3T. This technique will be useful to probe tissue microstructures in vivo, as the various metabolites have different physiological characteristics. METHODS Two JPRESS spectra were collected (high b-value and low b-value), and the ADCs of 16 different metabolites were estimated. Two analysis pipelines were developed: 1) a 2D pipeline that uses ProFit software to extract ADCs from metabolites not typically accessible at 3T and 2) a 1D pipeline that uses TARQUIN software to extract the metabolite concentrations from each line in the 2D dataset, allowing for scaling as well as validation. RESULTS The ADCs of 16 different metabolites were estimated from within six subjects in parietal white matter. There was excellent agreement between the results obtained from the 1D and 2D pipelines for NAA, Cr, and Cho. CONCLUSION The proposed technique provided consistent estimates for the ADCs of NAA, Cr, Cho, glutamate + glutamine, and myo-inositol in all subjects and additionally glutathione and scyllo-inositol in all but one subject. Magn Reson Med 78:1235-1245, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ben Geraghty
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Hanstock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fotso K, Dager SR, Landow A, Ackley E, Myers O, Dixon M, Shaw D, Corrigan NM, Posse S. Diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging of the human brain in children and adults. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1246-1256. [PMID: 27791287 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging (DTSI), based on proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI), and evaluated the feasibility of mapping brain metabolite diffusion in adults and children. METHODS PRESS prelocalized DTSI at 3 Tesla (T) was performed using navigator-based correction of movement-related phase errors and cardiac gating with compensation for repetition time (TR) related variability in T1 saturation. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) were measured in eight adults (17-60 years) and 10 children (3-24 months) using bmax = 1734 s/mm2 , 1 cc and 4.5 cc voxel sizes, with nominal scan times of 17 min and 8:24 min. Residual movement-related phase encoding ghosting (PEG) was used as a regressor across scans to correct overestimation of MD. RESULTS After correction for PEG, metabolite slice-averaged MD estimated at 20% PEG were lower (P < 0.042) for adults (0.17/0.20/0.18 × 10-3 mm2 /s) than for children (0.26/0.27/0.24 × 10-3 mm2 /s). Extrapolated to 0% PEG, the MD estimates decreased further (0.09/0.11/0.11 × 10-3 mm2 /s versus 0.15/0.16/0.15 × 10-3 mm2 /s). Slice-averaged FA of tNAA (P = 0.049), tCr (P = 0.067), and tCho (P = 0.003) were higher in children. CONCLUSION This high-speed DTSI approach with PEG regression allows for estimation of metabolite MD and FA with improved tolerance to movement. Our preliminary data suggesting age-related changes support DTSI as a sensitive technique for investigating intracellular markers of biological processes. Magn Reson Med 78:1246-1256, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fotso
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stephen R Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alec Landow
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Elena Ackley
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Orrin Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mindy Dixon
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neva M Corrigan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Branzoli F, Ercan E, Valabrègue R, Wood ET, Buijs M, Webb A, Ronen I. Differentiating between axonal damage and demyelination in healthy aging by combining diffusion-tensor imaging and diffusion-weighted spectroscopy in the human corpus callosum at 7 T. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:210-217. [PMID: 27616673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-tensor imaging and single voxel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used at 7T to explore in vivo age-related microstructural changes in the corpus callosum. Sixteen healthy elderly (age range 60-71 years) and 13 healthy younger controls (age range 23-32 years) were included in the study. In healthy elderly, we found lower water fractional anisotropy and higher water mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the corpus callosum, indicating the onset of demyelination processes with healthy aging. These changes were not associated with a concomitant significant difference in the cytosolic diffusivity of the intra-axonal metabolite N-acetylaspartate (p = 0.12), the latter representing a pure measure of intra-axonal integrity. It was concluded that the possible intra-axonal changes associated with normal aging processes are below the detection level of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy in our experiment (e.g., smaller than 10%) in the age range investigated. Lower axial diffusivity of total creatine was observed in the elderly group (p = 0.058), possibly linked to a dysfunction in the energy metabolism associated with a deficit in myelin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
| | - Ece Ercan
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Emily T Wood
- NeuroImmunology Branch (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mathijs Buijs
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Itamar Ronen
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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