1
|
Ambrad Giovannetti E, Rancz E. Behind mouse eyes: The function and control of eye movements in mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105671. [PMID: 38604571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The mouse visual system has become the most popular model to study the cellular and circuit mechanisms of sensory processing. However, the importance of eye movements only started to be appreciated recently. Eye movements provide a basis for predictive sensing and deliver insights into various brain functions and dysfunctions. A plethora of knowledge on the central control of eye movements and their role in perception and behaviour arose from work on primates. However, an overview of various eye movements in mice and a comparison to primates is missing. Here, we review the eye movement types described to date in mice and compare them to those observed in primates. We discuss the central neuronal mechanisms for their generation and control. Furthermore, we review the mounting literature on eye movements in mice during head-fixed and freely moving behaviours. Finally, we highlight gaps in our understanding and suggest future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ede Rancz
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morita K, Miura K, Toyomaki A, Makinodan M, Ohi K, Hashimoto N, Yasuda Y, Mitsudo T, Higuchi F, Numata S, Yamada A, Aoki Y, Honda H, Mizui R, Honda M, Fujikane D, Matsumoto J, Hasegawa N, Ito S, Akiyama H, Onitsuka T, Satomura Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Tablet-Based Cognitive and Eye Movement Measures as Accessible Tools for Schizophrenia Assessment: Multisite Usability Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e56668. [PMID: 38815257 PMCID: PMC11176872 DOI: 10.2196/56668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by significant cognitive and neurobiological alterations. Impairments in cognitive function and eye movement have been known to be promising biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, cognitive assessment methods require specialized expertise. To date, data on simplified measurement tools for assessing both cognitive function and eye movement in patients with schizophrenia are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy of a novel tablet-based platform combining cognitive and eye movement measures for classifying schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-four patients with schizophrenia, 67 healthy controls, and 41 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses participated in this study from 10 sites across Japan. A free-viewing eye movement task and 2 cognitive assessment tools (Codebreaker task from the THINC-integrated tool and the CognitiveFunctionTest app) were used for conducting assessments in a 12.9-inch iPad Pro. We performed comparative group and logistic regression analyses for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 measures of interest. RESULTS Cognitive and eye movement measures differed significantly between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (all 3 measures; P<.001). The Codebreaker task showed the highest classification effectiveness in distinguishing schizophrenia with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Combining cognitive and eye movement measures further improved accuracy with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Cognitive measures were more effective in differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, whereas eye movement measures better differentiated schizophrenia from other psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS This multisite study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a tablet-based app for assessing cognitive functioning and eye movements in patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggest the potential of tablet-based assessments of cognitive function and eye movement as simple and accessible evaluation tools, which may be useful for future clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Kita-ku Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Mitsudo
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Kanzaki-gun, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higuchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube City, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Aoki
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Honda
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masato Honda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshida M, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Iwase M, Hashimoto R. Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4606. [PMID: 38409435 PMCID: PMC10897421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in visual exploration affect the daily lives of patients with schizophrenia. For example, scanpath length during free-viewing is shorter in schizophrenia. However, its origin and its relevance to symptoms are unknown. Here we investigate the possibility that abnormalities in eye movements result from abnormalities in visual or visuo-cognitive processing. More specifically, we examined whether such abnormalities reflect visual salience in schizophrenia. Eye movements of 82 patients and 252 healthy individuals viewing natural and/or complex images were examined using saliency maps for static images to determine the contributions of low-level visual features to salience-guided eye movements. The results showed that the mean value for orientation salience at the gazes of the participants with schizophrenia were higher than that of the healthy control subjects. Further analyses revealed that orientation salience defined by the L + M channel of the DKL color space is specifically affected in schizophrenia, suggesting abnormalities in the magnocellular visual pathway. By looking into the computational stages of the visual salience, we found that the difference between schizophrenia and healthy control emerges at the earlier stage, suggesting functional decline in early visual processing. These results suggest that visual salience is affected in schizophrenia, thereby expanding the concept of the aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis to the visual domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization, Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Medical Corporation Foster, Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tandon R, Nasrallah H, Akbarian S, Carpenter WT, DeLisi LE, Gaebel W, Green MF, Gur RE, Heckers S, Kane JM, Malaspina D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murray R, Owen M, Smoller JW, Yassin W, Keshavan M. The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:1-28. [PMID: 38086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
With new data about different aspects of schizophrenia being continually generated, it becomes necessary to periodically revisit exactly what we know. Along with a need to review what we currently know about schizophrenia, there is an equal imperative to evaluate the construct itself. With these objectives, we undertook an iterative, multi-phase process involving fifty international experts in the field, with each step building on learnings from the prior one. This review assembles currently established findings about schizophrenia (construct, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical expression, treatment) and posits what they reveal about its nature. Schizophrenia is a heritable, complex, multi-dimensional syndrome with varying degrees of psychotic, negative, cognitive, mood, and motor manifestations. The illness exhibits a remitting and relapsing course, with varying degrees of recovery among affected individuals with most experiencing significant social and functional impairment. Genetic risk factors likely include thousands of common genetic variants that each have a small impact on an individual's risk and a plethora of rare gene variants that have a larger individual impact on risk. Their biological effects are concentrated in the brain and many of the same variants also increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Environmental risk factors include but are not limited to urban residence in childhood, migration, older paternal age at birth, cannabis use, childhood trauma, antenatal maternal infection, and perinatal hypoxia. Structural, functional, and neurochemical brain alterations implicate multiple regions and functional circuits. Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists and partial agonists improve psychotic symptoms and reduce risk of relapse. Certain psychological and psychosocial interventions are beneficial. Early intervention can reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes. Schizophrenia is increasingly considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome and not a singular disease entity. There is no necessary or sufficient etiology, pathology, set of clinical features, or treatment that fully circumscribes this syndrome. A single, common pathophysiological pathway appears unlikely. The boundaries of schizophrenia remain fuzzy, suggesting the absence of a categorical fit and need to reconceptualize it as a broader, multi-dimensional and/or spectrum construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, WMU Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States of America.
| | - Henry Nasrallah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Dusseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America; Greater Los Angeles Veterans' Administration Healthcare System, United States of America
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics, and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannhein/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Walid Yassin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Christofalos AL, Laks M, Wolfer S, Dias EC, Javitt DC, Sheridan H. Lower-level oculomotor deficits in schizophrenia during multi-line reading: Evidence from return-sweeps. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218231220752. [PMID: 38053311 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231220752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Reading fluency deficits in schizophrenia (Sz) have been attributed to dysfunction in both lower-level, oculomotor processing and higher-level, lexical processing, according to the two-hit deficit model. Given that prior work examining reading deficits in individuals with Sz has primarily focused on single-line and single-word reading tasks, eye movements that are unique to passage reading, such as return-sweep saccades, have not yet been examined in Sz. Return-sweep saccades are large eye movements that are made when readers move from the end of one line to the beginning of the next line during natural passage reading. Examining return-sweeps provides an opportunity to examine lower-level, oculomotor deficits during reading under circumstances when upcoming higher-level, lexical information is not available for visual processing because visual acuity constraints do not permit detailed lexical processing of line-initial words when return-sweeps are programmed. To examine the source of reading deficits in Sz, we analysed an existing data set in which participants read multi-line passages with manipulations to line spacing. Readers with Sz made significantly more return-sweep targeting errors followed by corrective saccades compared with healthy controls. Both groups showed similar effects of line spacing on return-sweep targeting accuracy, suggesting similar sensitivities to visual crowding during reading. Furthermore, the patterns of fixation durations in readers with Sz corroborate prior work indicating reduced parafoveal processing of upcoming words. Together, these findings suggest that lower-level visual and oculomotor dysfunction contribute to reading deficits in Sz, providing support for the two-hit deficit model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana L Christofalos
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Madison Laks
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Wolfer
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elisa C Dias
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Sheridan
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang D, Xu L, Liu X, Cui H, Wei Y, Zheng W, Hong Y, Qian Z, Hu Y, Tang Y, Li C, Liu Z, Chen T, Liu H, Zhang T, Wang J. Eye Movement Characteristics for Predicting a Transition to Psychosis: Longitudinal Changes and Implications. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae001. [PMID: 38245498 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Substantive inquiry into the predictive power of eye movement (EM) features for clinical high-risk (CHR) conversion and their longitudinal trajectories is currently sparse. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of machine learning predictive models relying on EM indices and examine the longitudinal alterations of these indices across the temporal continuum. STUDY DESIGN EM assessments (fixation stability, free-viewing, and smooth pursuit tasks) were performed on 140 CHR and 98 healthy control participants at baseline, followed by a 1-year longitudinal observational study. We adopted Cox regression analysis and constructed random forest prediction models. We also employed linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) to analyze longitudinal changes of indices while stratifying by group and time. STUDY RESULTS Of the 123 CHR participants who underwent a 1-year clinical follow-up, 25 progressed to full-blown psychosis, while 98 remained non-converters. Compared with the non-converters, the converters exhibited prolonged fixation durations, decreased saccade amplitudes during the free-viewing task; larger saccades, and reduced velocity gain during the smooth pursuit task. Furthermore, based on 4 baseline EM measures, a random forest model classified converters and non-converters with an accuracy of 0.776 (95% CI: 0.633, 0.882). Finally, LMMs demonstrated no significant longitudinal alterations in the aforementioned indices among converters after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant EMs may precede psychosis onset and remain stable after 1 year, and applying eye-tracking technology combined with a modeling approach could potentially aid in predicting CHRs evolution into overt psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wensi Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yawen Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yegang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Niacin (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Li Y, Xu L, Zhang T, Cui H, Wei Y, Xia M, Su W, Tang Y, Tang X, Zhang D, Spillmann L, Max Andolina I, McLoughlin N, Wang W, Wang J. Spatial and Temporal Abnormalities of Spontaneous Fixational Saccades and Their Correlates With Positive and Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:78-88. [PMID: 37066730 PMCID: PMC10754167 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Visual fixation is a dynamic process, with the spontaneous occurrence of microsaccades and macrosaccades. These fixational saccades are sensitive to the structural and functional alterations of the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit. Given that dysfunctional cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit contributes to cognitive and behavioral impairments in schizophrenia, we hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would exhibit abnormal fixational saccades and these abnormalities would be associated with the clinical manifestations. STUDY DESIGN Saccades were recorded from 140 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 160 age-matched healthy controls during ten separate trials of 6-second steady fixations. Positive and negative symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognition was assessed using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). STUDY RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia exhibited fixational saccades more vertically than controls, which was reflected in more vertical saccades with angles around 90° and a greater vertical shift of horizontal saccades with angles around 0° in patients. The fixational saccades, especially horizontal saccades, showed longer durations, faster peak velocities, and larger amplitudes in patients. Furthermore, the greater vertical shift of horizontal saccades was associated with higher PANSS total and positive symptom scores in patients, and the longer duration of horizontal saccades was associated with lower MCCB neurocognitive composite, attention/vigilance, and speed of processing scores. Finally, based solely on these fixational eye movements, a K-nearest neighbors model classified patients with an accuracy of 85%. Conclusions: Our results reveal spatial and temporal abnormalities of fixational saccades and suggest fixational saccades as a promising biomarker for cognitive and positive symptoms and for diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lothar Spillmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian Max Andolina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Niall McLoughlin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nieboer W, Ghiani A, de Vries R, Brenner E, Mann DL. Eye Tracking to Assess the Functional Consequences of Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:861-875. [PMID: 38165789 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye tracking is a promising method for objectively assessing functional visual capabilities, but its suitability remains unclear when assessing the vision of people with vision impairment. In particular, accurate eye tracking typically relies on a stable and reliable image of the pupil and cornea, which may be compromised by abnormalities associated with vision impairment (e.g., nystagmus, aniridia). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the degree to which video-based eye tracking can be used to assess visual function in the presence of vision impairment. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, encompassing literature from inception to July 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Studies included in the review used video-based eye tracking, included individuals with vision impairment, and used screen-based tasks unrelated to practiced skills such as reading or driving. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessment tool. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that five common tests of visual function were used: (i) fixation stability, (ii) smooth pursuit, (iii) saccades, (iv) free viewing, and (v) visual search. The studies reported considerable success when testing individuals with vision impairment, yielding usable data from 96.5% of participants. LIMITATIONS There was an overrepresentation of conditions affecting the optic nerve or macula and an underrepresentation of conditions affecting the anterior segment or peripheral retina. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS The results offer promise for the use of eye tracking to assess the visual function of a considerable proportion of those with vision impairment. Based on the findings, we outline a framework for how eye tracking can be used to test visual function in the presence of vision impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ghiani
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eli Brenner
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David L Mann
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Cheng Z, Lin H, Tan J, Chen W, Bao Y, Liu Y, Zhong L, Yao Y, Wang L, Wang J, Gu Y. Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad255. [PMID: 38046372 PMCID: PMC10689211 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculomotor behavior has been shown to be correlated with mental disorders in clinics, making it promising for disease diagnosis. Here we developed a thorough oculomotor test toolkit, involving saccade, smooth pursuit, and fixation, allowing the examination of multiple oculomotor parameters in monkey models induced by psychoactive drugs. Eye movements were recorded after daily injections of phencyclidine (PCP) (3.0 mg/kg), ketamine (0.8 mg/kg) or controlled saline in two macaque monkeys. Both drugs led to robust reduction in accuracy and increment in reaction time during high cognitive-demanding tasks. Saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability were also significantly impaired. During fixation, the involuntary microsaccades exhibited increased amplitudes and were biased toward the lower visual field. Pupillary response was reduced during cognitive tasks. Both drugs also increased sensitivity to auditory cues as reflected in auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Thus, our animal model induced by psychoactive drugs produced largely similar abnormalities to that in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, a classifier based on dimension reduction and machine learning could reliably identify altered states induced by different drugs (PCP, ketamine and saline, accuracy = 93%). The high performance of the classifier was reserved even when data from one monkey were used for training and testing the other subject (averaged classification accuracy = 90%). Thus, despite heterogeneity in baseline oculomotor behavior between the two monkeys, our model allows data transferability across individuals, which could be beneficial for future evaluation of pharmaceutical or physical therapy validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | - He Lin
- The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiangxiu Tan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenyao Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yichuan Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yitian Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liping Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Gu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Słowiński P, White A, Lison S, Sullivan S, Emmens T, Self P, Wileman J, Karl A, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. The potential of digital behavioural tests as a diagnostic aid for psychosis. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000339. [PMID: 37713385 PMCID: PMC10503702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Timely interventions have a proven benefit for people experiencing psychotic illness. One bottleneck to accessing timely interventions is the referral process to the specialist team for early psychosis (STEP). Many general practitioners lack awareness or confidence in recognising psychotic symptoms or state. Additionally, referrals for people without apparent psychotic symptoms, although beneficial at a population level, lead to excessive workload for STEPs. There is a clear unmet need for accurate stratification of STEPs users and healthy cohorts. Here we propose a new approach to addressing this need via the application of digital behavioural tests. To demonstrate that digital behavioural tests can be used to discriminate between the STEPs users (SU; n = 32) and controls (n = 32, age and sex matched), we compared performance of five different classifiers applied to objective, quantitative and interpretable features derived from the 'mirror game' (MG) and trail making task (TMT). The MG is a movement coordination task shown to be a potential socio-motor biomarker of schizophrenia, while TMT is a neuropsychiatric test of cognitive function. All classifiers had AUC in the range of 0.84-0.92. The best of the five classifiers (linear discriminant classifier) achieved an outstanding performance, AUC = 0.92 (95%CI 0.75-1), Sensitivity = 0.75 (95%CI 0.5-1), Specificity = 1 (95%CI 0.75-1), evaluated on 25% hold-out and 1000 folds. Performance of all analysed classifiers is underpinned by the large effect sizes of the differences between the cohorts in terms of the features used for classification what ensures generalisability of the results. We also found that MG and TMT are unsuitable in isolation to successfully differentiate between SU with and without at-risk-mental-state or first episode psychosis with sufficient level of performance. Our findings show that standardised batteries of digital behavioural tests could benefit both clinical and research practice. Including digital behavioural tests into healthcare practice could allow precise phenotyping and stratification of the highly heterogenous population of people referred to STEPs resulting in quicker and more personalised diagnosis. Moreover, the high specificity of digital behavioural tests could facilitate the identification of more homogeneous clinical high-risk populations, benefiting research on prognostic instruments for psychosis. In summary, our study demonstrates that cheap off-the-shelf equipment (laptop computer and a leap motion sensor) can be used to record clinically relevant behavioural data that could be utilised in digital mental health applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Słowiński
- Translational Research Exchange @ Exeter, Living Systems Institute, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander White
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Lison
- Research & Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Sullivan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tobit Emmens
- Research & Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Self
- Research & Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Wileman
- Specialist Team for Early Psychosis, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Karl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Translational Research Exchange @ Exeter, Living Systems Institute, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poikonen H, Duberg A, Eriksson M, Eriksson-Crommert M, Lund M, Möller M, Msghina M. "InMotion"-Mixed physical exercise program with creative movement as an intervention for adults with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1192729. [PMID: 37476005 PMCID: PMC10354340 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1192729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is among the world's top 10 causes of long-term disability with symptoms that lead to major problems in social and occupational functioning, and in self-care. Therefore, it is important to investigate the efficacy of complementary treatment options for conventionally used antipsychotic medication, such as physical training, and psychosocial interventions. Objective To combine aerobic and strength training with cognitive, emotional and social stimulation in one intervention for people with schizophrenia and test the feasibility and effects of this intervention. Methods The study is a mixed-method randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The treatment group (30 participants) will receive the intervention in addition to standard care and the control group (30 participants) only standard care. The intervention consists of 24 biweekly sessions with a duration of 60 min. The pre-test (weeks from 4 to 2 prior to the intervention) and post-test (week 12) include clinical measure (PANSS), quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking measures. In addition, a treatment subgroup of 12-15 participants and their family member or other next of kin will complete a qualitative interview as a part of their post-test. Two follow-up tests, including clinical, quality of life, brain function and eye tracking will be made at 6 and 12 months from the completion of the intervention to both study groups. The primary outcome is change in negative symptoms. Secondary outcome measures include general and positive symptoms, quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking. Explorative outcome includes patient and family member or other next of kin interview. Results Pilot data was collected by June 2023 and the main data collection will begin in September 2023. The final follow-up is anticipated to be completed by 2026. Conclusion The InMotion study will provide new knowledge on the feasibility, efficacy, and experiences of a novel intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that regular participation in the intervention will reduce clinical symptoms, normalize physiological measures such as brain activation, and contribute to new active habits for the participants. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05673941.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Poikonen
- Professorship for Learning Sciences and Higher Education, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Duberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Martin Eriksson-Crommert
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Majja Lund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Margareta Möller
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mussie Msghina
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chawner SJRA, Paine AL, Dunn MJ, Walsh A, Sloane P, Thomas M, Evans A, Hopkins‐Jones L, Struik S, Hall J, Erichsen JT, Leekam SR, Owen MJ, Hay D, van den Bree MBM. Neurodevelopmental dimensional assessment of young children at high genomic risk of neuropsychiatric conditions. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12162. [PMID: 37753151 PMCID: PMC10519742 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion are at considerably increased risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. There have been very few studies investigating how this risk manifests in early childhood and what factors may underlie developmental variability. Insights into this can elucidate transdiagnostic markers of risk that may underlie later development of neuropsychiatric outcomes. Methods Thirty two children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.2] years) and 12 sibling controls (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.5] years) underwent in-depth dimensional phenotyping across several developmental domains selected as being potential early indicators of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Comparisons were conducted of the dimensional developmental phenotype of 22q11.2DS and sibling controls. For autistic traits, both parents and children were phenotyped using the Social Responsiveness Scale. Results Young children with 22q11.2DS exhibited large impairments (Hedge's g ≥ 0.8) across a range of developmental domains relative to sibling controls, as well as high rates of transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental and psychiatric traits. Cluster analysis revealed a subgroup of children with 22q11.2DS (n = 16; 53%) in whom neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability was particularly increased and who differed from other children with 22q11.2DS and non-carrier siblings. Exploratory analyses revealed that early motor and sleep impairments indexed liability for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes. Maternal autism trait scores were predictive of autism traits in children with 22q11.2DS (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.47, p = 0.046, n = 31). Conclusions Although psychiatric conditions typically emerge later in adolescence and adulthood in 22q11.2DS, our exploratory study was able to identify a range of early risk indicators. Furthermore, findings indicate the presence of a subgroup who appeared to have increased neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Our findings highlight the scope for future studies of early risk mechanisms and early intervention within this high genetic risk patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. R. A. Chawner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Amy L. Paine
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Matt J. Dunn
- School of Optometry and Vision SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alice Walsh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Poppy Sloane
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Megan Thomas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alexandra Evans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Lucinda Hopkins‐Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Siske Struik
- Immunodeficiency Centre for WalesUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Susan R. Leekam
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Dale Hay
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Lizano P, Xu Y, Rubin LH, Lee AM, Lencer R, Reilly JL, Keefe RSE, Keedy SK, Pearlson GD, Clementz BA, Keshavan MS, Gershon ES, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Hill SK, Bishop JR. Peripheral inflammation is associated with impairments of inhibitory behavioral control and visual sensorimotor function in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:69-78. [PMID: 36965362 PMCID: PMC10175233 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevated markers of peripheral inflammation are common in psychosis spectrum disorders and have been associated with brain anatomy, pathology, and physiology as well as clinical outcomes. Preliminary evidence suggests a link between inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) with generalized cognitive impairments in a subgroup of individuals with psychosis. Whether these patients with elevated peripheral inflammation demonstrate deficits in specific cognitive domains remains unclear. To examine this, seventeen neuropsychological and sensorimotor tasks and thirteen peripheral inflammatory and microvascular markers were quantified in a subset of B-SNIP consortium participants (129 psychosis, 55 healthy controls). Principal component analysis was conducted across the inflammatory markers, resulting in five inflammation factors. Three discrete latent cognitive domains (Visual Sensorimotor, General Cognitive Ability, and Inhibitory Behavioral Control) were characterized based on the neurobehavioral battery and examined in association with inflammation factors. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified cognition-sensitive high/low inflammation subgroups. Among persons with psychotic disorders but not healthy controls, higher inflammation scores had significant associations with impairments of Inhibitory Control (R2 = 0.100, p-value = 2.69e-4, q-value = 0.004) and suggestive associations with Visual Sensorimotor function (R2 = 0.039, p-value = 0.024, q-value = 0.180), but not with General Cognitive Ability (R2 = 0.015, p-value = 0.162). Greater deficits in Inhibitory Control were observed in the high inflammation patient subgroup, which represented 30.2 % of persons with psychotic disorders, as compared to the low inflammation psychosis subgroup. These findings indicate that inflammation dysregulation may differentially impact specific neurobehavioral domains across psychotic disorders, particularly performance on tasks requiring ongoing behavioral monitoring and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Zhang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam M Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Speers LJ, Bilkey DK. Maladaptive explore/exploit trade-offs in schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:341-354. [PMID: 36878821 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that remains poorly understood, particularly at the systems level. In this opinion article we argue that the explore/exploit trade-off concept provides a holistic and ecologically valid framework to resolve some of the apparent paradoxes that have emerged within schizophrenia research. We review recent evidence suggesting that fundamental explore/exploit behaviors may be maladaptive in schizophrenia during physical, visual, and cognitive foraging. We also describe how theories from the broader optimal foraging literature, such as the marginal value theorem (MVT), could provide valuable insight into how aberrant processing of reward, context, and cost/effort evaluations interact to produce maladaptive responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Speers
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - David K Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Y, Mo L, Lio G, Huang Y, Perret T, Sirigu A, Duhamel JR. Assessing the allocation of attention during visual search using digit-tracking, a calibration-free alternative to eye tracking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2376. [PMID: 36759694 PMCID: PMC9911646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Digit-tracking, a simple, calibration-free technique, has proven to be a good alternative to eye tracking in vision science. Participants view stimuli superimposed by Gaussian blur on a touchscreen interface and slide a finger across the display to locally sharpen an area the size of the foveal region just at the finger's position. Finger movements are recorded as an indicator of eye movements and attentional focus. Because of its simplicity and portability, this system has many potential applications in basic and applied research. Here we used digit-tracking to investigate visual search and replicated several known effects observed using different types of search arrays. Exploration patterns measured with digit-tracking during visual search of natural scenes were comparable to those previously reported for eye-tracking and constrained by similar saliency. Therefore, our results provide further evidence for the validity and relevance of digit-tracking for basic and applied research on vision and attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Lei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guillaume Lio
- IMind Center of Excellence for Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Yulong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Thomas Perret
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 69675, Bron, France.,IMind Center of Excellence for Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Jean-René Duhamel
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 69675, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iwauchi K, Tanaka H, Okazaki K, Matsuda Y, Uratani M, Morimoto T, Nakamura S. Eye-movement analysis on facial expression for identifying children and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:952433. [PMID: 36874367 PMCID: PMC9978093 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.952433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Experienced psychiatrists identify people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (Sz) through interviews based on diagnostic criteria, their responses, and various neuropsychological tests. To improve the clinical diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and Sz, the discovery of disorder-specific biomarkers and behavioral indicators with sufficient sensitivity is important. In recent years, studies have been conducted using machine learning to make more accurate predictions. Among various indicators, eye movement, which can be easily obtained, has attracted much attention and various studies have been conducted for ASD and Sz. Eye movement specificity during facial expression recognition has been studied extensively in the past, but modeling taking into account differences in specificity among facial expressions has not been conducted. In this paper, we propose a method to detect ASD or Sz from eye movement during the Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT) while considering differences in eye movement due to the facial expressions presented. We also confirm that weighting using the differences improves classification accuracy. Our data set sample consisted of 15 adults with ASD and Sz, 16 controls, and 15 children with ASD and 17 controls. Random forest was used to weight each test and classify the participants as control, ASD, or Sz. The most successful approach used heat maps and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for eye retention. This method classified Sz in adults with 64.5% accuracy, ASD in adults with up to 71.0% accuracy, and ASD in children with 66.7% accuracy. Classifying of ASD result was significantly different (p<.05) by the binomial test with chance rate. The results show a 10% and 16.7% improvement in accuracy, respectively, compared to a model that does not take facial expressions into account. In ASD, this indicates that modeling is effective, which weights the output of each image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Iwauchi
- Augmented Human Communication Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Augmented Human Communication Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Uratani
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Augmented Human Communication Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chrobak AA, Rybakowski JK, Abramowicz M, Perdziak M, Gryncewicz W, Dziuda S, Fafrowicz M, Czarnecki P, Soltys Z, Ceglarek A, Ober JK, Marek T, Dudek D, Siwek M. Vergence eye movements impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:379-389. [PMID: 36323140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the most evaluated eye tracking tasks in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are smooth pursuit eye movements. They rely on the maintenance of slowly moving object on the fovea. While most of the studies evaluated tracking of a target that moves in the fronto-parallel plane, only two assessed vergence eye movements (VEM), which relies on the pursuit of object that moves in depth. The aim of our study was to compare VEM performance in SZ and BD. We evaluated 28 SZ patients, 32 BD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC). Participants underwent thorough optometric examination before eye tracking task. VEM were measured with the use of infrared eye tracker and dedicated vergence stimuli generator. SZ patients showed higher mean break and recovery points of fusion and shorter correct tracking time than HC. BD individuals revealed tracking accuracy deficits and higher number of saccades than HC. Compared to BD, SZ patients showed decrease of maximal convergence and divergence. Moreover, they presented tracking accuracy deficits of non-dominant eye: altered eyes positioning error during convergence and divergence gain. Exploratory analysis revealed significant gender differences between groups in terms of binocular VEM parameters. In this study we have recognized pattern of eye movement disturbances differentiating abovementioned groups. SZ patients showed decreased vergence tracking range with shorter tracking time and impaired accuracy of non-dominant eye, while BD patients showed higher number of saccades with decreased tracking accuracy. Neuroimaging studies are necessary to identify neuronal underpinnings of VEM impairments in SZ and BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Kazimierz Rybakowski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Abramowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Perdziak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Rokietnicka St. 5D, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gryncewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Księcia Trojdena St. 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Dziuda
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Czarnecki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Księcia Trojdena St. 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Soltys
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Ceglarek
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Krzysztof Ober
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Rokietnicka St. 5D, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Affective Disorders, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schielke A, Krekelberg B. Steady state visual evoked potentials in schizophrenia: A review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:988077. [PMID: 36389256 PMCID: PMC9650391 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.988077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have explored altered rhythmic responses to visual stimulation in people with schizophrenia using steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Here we systematically review studies performed between 1954 and 2021, as identified on PubMed. We included studies if they included people with schizophrenia, a control group, reported SSVEPs as their primary outcome, and used quantitative analyses in the frequency domain. We excluded studies that used SSVEPs to primarily quantify cognitive processes (e.g., attention). Fifteen studies met these criteria. These studies reported decreased SSVEPs across a range of frequencies and electrode locations in people living with schizophrenia compared to controls; none reported increases. Null results, however, were common. Given the typically modest number of subjects in these studies, this is consistent with a moderate effect size. It is notable that most studies targeted frequencies that fall within the alpha and beta band, and investigations of frequencies in the gamma band have been rare. We group test frequencies in frequency bands and summarize the results in topographic plots. From the wide range of approaches in these studies, we distill suggested experimental designs and analysis choices for future experiments. This will increase the value of SSVEP studies, improve our understanding of the mechanisms that result in altered rhythmic responses to visual stimulation in schizophrenia, and potentially further the development of diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schielke
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
García Cena CE, Gómez-Andrés D, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Sánchez-Seco VG, Domingo-Santos A, Moreno-García S, Benito-León J. Toward an Automatic Assessment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Eye Movement Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8220. [PMID: 36365918 PMCID: PMC9657913 DOI: 10.3390/s22218220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis, it is poorly represented in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the commonly used clinical measure to assess disability, suggesting that an analysis of eye movement, which is generated by an extensive and well-coordinated functional network that is engaged in cognitive function, could have the potential to extend and complement this more conventional measure. We aimed to measure the eye movement of a case series of MS patients with relapsing−remitting MS to assess their cognitive status using a conventional gaze tracker. A total of 41 relapsing−remitting MS patients and 43 age-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Overall, we could not find a clear common pattern in the eye motor abnormalities. Vertical eye movement was more impaired in MS patients than horizontal movement. Increased latencies were found in the prosaccades and reflexive saccades of antisaccade tests. The smooth pursuit was impaired with more corrections (backup and catchup movements, p<0.01). No correlation was found between eye movement variables and EDSS or disease duration. Despite significant alterations in the behavior of the eye movements in MS patients, which are compatible with altered cognitive status, there is no common pattern of these alterations. We interpret this as a consequence of the patchy, heterogeneous distribution of white matter involvement in MS that provokes multiple combinations of impairment at different points in the different networks involved in eye motor control. Further studies are therefore required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E. García Cena
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Centre for Automation and Robotics, ETSIDI-CAR, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Euro-NMD and ERN-RND, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Domingo-Santos
- Department of Neurology, “La Mancha Centro” General Hospital, Alcázar de San Juan, 13600 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-García
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
On the Use of Eye Movements in Symptom Validity Assessment of Feigned Schizophrenia. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-022-09462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAssessing the credibility of reported mental health problems is critical in a variety of assessment situations, particularly in forensic contexts. Previous research has examined how the assessment of performance validity can be improved through the use of bio-behavioral measures (e.g., eye movements). To date, however, there is a paucity of literature on the use of eye tracking technology in assessing the validity of presented symptoms of schizophrenia, a disorder that is known to be associated with oculomotor abnormalities. Thus, we collected eye tracking data from 83 healthy individuals during the completion of the Inventory of Problems – 29 and investigated whether the oculomotor behavior of participants instructed to feign schizophrenia would differ from those of control participants asked to respond honestly. Results showed that feigners had a longer dwell time and a greater number of fixations in the feigning-keyed response options, regardless of whether they eventually endorsed those options (d > 0.80). Implications on how eye tracking technology can deepen comprehension on simulation strategies are discussed, as well as the potential of investigating eye movements to advance the field of symptom validity assessment.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hudson MR, Jones NC. Deciphering the code: Identifying true gamma neural oscillations. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114205. [PMID: 35985554 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillatory activity occurring in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) has been proposed to play essential roles in sensory and cognitive processing. Supporting this, abnormalities in gamma oscillations have been reported in patients with diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is prominent. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning this relationship is the focus of extensive research. But while an increasing number of studies are investigating the intricate relationship between gamma oscillations and cognition, interpretation and generalisation of these studies is limited by the diverse, and at times questionable, methodologies used to analyse oscillatory activity. For example, a variety of different types of gamma oscillatory activity have been characterised, but all are generalised non-specifically as 'gamma oscillations'. This creates confusion, since distinct cellular and network mechanisms are likely responsible for generating these different types of rhythm. Moreover, in some instances, certain analytical measures of electrophysiological data are overinterpreted, with researchers pushing the boundaries of what would be considered rhythmic or oscillatory in nature. Here, we provide clarity on these issues, firstly presenting an overview of the different measures of gamma oscillatory activity, and describing common signal processing techniques used for analysis. Limitations of these techniques are discussed, and recommendations made on how future studies should optimise analyses, presentation and interpretation of gamma frequency oscillations. This is an essential progression in order to harmonise future studies, allowing us to gain a clearer understanding of the role of gamma oscillations in cognition, and in cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carelli L, Solca F, Tagini S, Torre S, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Ferrucci R, Pravettoni G, Aiello EN, Silani V, Poletti B. Gaze-Contingent Eye-Tracking Training in Brain Disorders: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070931. [PMID: 35884737 PMCID: PMC9313363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movement abnormalities in association with cognitive and emotional deficits have been described in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Eye-Tracking (ET) techniques could therefore enhance cognitive interventions by contingently providing feedback to patients. Since no consensus has been reached thus far on this approach, this study aimed at systematically reviewing the current evidence. This review was performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Records were searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (1990–2021) through the following string: (‘Eye Tracking’ OR ‘Eye-Tracking’ OR ‘Oculomotor’) AND (‘Neuropsychol*’ OR ‘Cognitive’) AND (‘Rehabilitation’ OR ‘Training’ OR ‘Stimulation’). Study outcomes were thematically classified and qualitatively synthesized. A structured quality assessment was performed. A total of 24 articles were included, addressing neurodevelopmental (preterm infants and children with autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, or ADHD; N = 14), psychiatric (mood and anxiety disorders or alcohol dependence; N = 7), and neurological conditions (stroke; N = 3). Overall, ET gaze-contingent training proved to be effective in improving cognitive and emotional alterations. However, population heterogeneity limits the generalizability of results. ET gaze-contingent protocols allow researchers to directly and dynamically train attentional functions; together with the recruitment of implicit, “bottom-up” strategies, these protocols are promising and possibly integrable with traditional cognitive approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Sofia Tagini
- “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, International Medical School, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Neurology Clinic III, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, International Medical School, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zapetis SL, Nasiriavanaki Z, Luther L, Holt DJ. Neural Correlates of Variation in Personal Space and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia and Healthy Individuals. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1075-1084. [PMID: 35661903 PMCID: PMC9434426 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the regulation of interpersonal distance, or "personal space" (PS), have been repeatedly observed in schizophrenia and, in some studies, linked to negative symptoms. However, the neurobiological basis of these impairments is poorly understood. METHODS Personal space measurements, functional connectivity of a brain network sensitive to intrusions into PS, and symptoms of social withdrawal and anhedonia were assessed, and associations among these outcomes measured, in 33 individuals with a psychotic disorder (primarily schizophrenia [SCZ]) and 36 control subjects (CON). RESULTS Personal space size was significantly higher (P = .002) and PS permeability (reflecting the capacity to tolerate intrusions into PS) was significantly lower (P = .021) in the SCZ relative to the CON group, and both measures were significantly correlated with social anhedonia and withdrawal in the full sample (all P < .007). Moreover, functional connectivity between the PS and default mode (DM) networks was significantly correlated with the permeability, but not the size, of PS in the full sample and in the SCZ and CON groups separately, and with social withdrawal in the SCZ group. Lastly, the association between PS-DM network connectivity and social withdrawal in the SCZ group was fully mediated by PS permeability. DISCUSSION Neural and behavioral aspects of PS regulation are linked to social motivation in both healthy individuals and those with psychotic disorders, suggesting that measurements of PS could serve as transdiagnostic markers of social functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Zapetis
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Nasiriavanaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Luther
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; tel: 617-726-7618, fax: 617-726-4076, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stress and emotional arousal in urban environments: A biosocial study with persons having experienced a first-episode of psychosis and persons at risk. Health Place 2022; 75:102762. [PMID: 35286900 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the entanglement between feelings of stress and discomfort, physiological arousal and urban experiences of persons living with early psychosis. It adopts a biosocial approach, using mixed methods combining ambulatory skin conductance monitoring, mobile interviews and contextual data, collected through GPS and video recordings. The study draws on and strives to cross-fertilize two recent strands of research. The first relates to the use of digital phenotyping in mental health research. The second explores stress and emotional arousal in cities using ambulatory physiological measures. Empirically, the paper is based on fieldwork in Basel, Switzerland, with nine participants recruited within the Basel Early Treatment Service (BEATS), and four controls. We focus on three salient elements in our results: visual perception of moving bodies, spatial transitions and openness and enclosure of the built environment. The analysis shows how these elements elicit physiological responses of arousal and expressed feelings of discomfort. In the concluding section we discuss the methodological implications of these results and suggest the notion of regime of attention as a focus for future biosocial research on urban mental health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Brożko N, Baggio S, Lipiec MA, Jankowska M, Szewczyk ŁM, Gabriel MO, Chakraborty C, Ferran JL, Wiśniewska MB. Genoarchitecture of the Early Postmitotic Pretectum and the Role of Wnt Signaling in Shaping Pretectal Neurochemical Anatomy in Zebrafish. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:838567. [PMID: 35356436 PMCID: PMC8959918 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.838567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pretectum has a distinct nuclear arrangement and complex neurochemical anatomy. While previous genoarchitectural studies have described rostrocaudal and dorsoventral progenitor domains and subdomains in different species, the relationship between these early partitions and its later derivatives in the mature anatomy is less understood. The signals and transcription factors that control the establishment of pretectal anatomy are practically unknown. We investigated the possibility that some aspects of the development of pretectal divisions are controlled by Wnt signaling, focusing on the transitional stage between neurogenesis and histogenesis in zebrafish. Using several molecular markers and following the prosomeric model, we identified derivatives from each rostrocaudal pretectal progenitor domain and described the localization of gad1b-positive GABAergic and vglut2.2-positive glutamatergic cell clusters. We also attempted to relate these clusters to pretectal nuclei in the mature brain. Then, we examined the influence of Wnt signaling on the size of neurochemically distinctive pretectal areas, using a chemical inhibitor of the Wnt pathway and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach to knock out genes that encode the Wnt pathway mediators, Lef1 and Tcf7l2. The downregulation of the Wnt pathway led to a decrease in two GABAergic clusters and an expansion of a glutamatergic subregion in the maturing pretectum. This revealed an instructive role of the Wnt signal in the development of the pretectum during neurogenesis. The molecular anatomy presented here improves our understanding of pretectal development during early postmitotic stages and support the hypothesis that Wnt signaling is involved in shaping the neurochemical organization of the pretectum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Brożko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin A. Lipiec
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Jankowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - José L. Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia -Ű IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta B. Wiśniewska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marta B. Wiśniewska,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nemoto K, Hashimoto N, Kushima I, Koshiyama D, Koeda M, Takahashi T, Noda Y, Matsumoto J, Miura K, Nakazawa T, Hikida T, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Hashimoto R. Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:1-14. [PMID: 34716732 PMCID: PMC9306748 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory-based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large-sample-size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wen M, Dong Z, Zhang L, Li B, Zhang Y, Li K. Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2783-2794. [PMID: 36471744 PMCID: PMC9719265 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s383093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye movement is critical for obtaining precise visual information and providing sensorimotor processes and advanced cognitive functions to the brain behavioral indicator. METHODS In this article, we present a narrative review of the eye-movement paradigms (such as fixation, smooth pursuit eye movements, and memory-guided saccade tasks) in major depression. RESULTS Characteristics of eye movement are considered to reflect several aspects of cognitive deficits regarded as an aid to diagnosis. Findings regarding depressive disorders showed differences from the healthy population in paradigms, the characteristics of eye movement may reflect cognitive deficits in depression. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different eye movement paradigms for MDD screening. CONCLUSION Depression can be distinguished from other mental illnesses based on eye movements. Eye movement reflects cognitive deficits that can help diagnose depression, and it can make the entire diagnostic process more accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zammarchi G, Conversano C. Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis. Vision (Basel) 2021; 5:56. [PMID: 34842855 PMCID: PMC8628933 DOI: 10.3390/vision5040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye tracking provides a quantitative measure of eye movements during different activities. We report the results from a bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in eye tracking research applied to the study of different medical conditions. We conducted a search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database and analyzed the dataset of 2456 retrieved articles using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R package. The most represented area was psychiatry (503, 20.5%) followed by neuroscience (465, 18.9%) and psychology developmental (337, 13.7%). The annual scientific production growth was 11.14% and showed exponential growth with three main peaks in 2011, 2015 and 2017. Extensive collaboration networks were identified between the three countries with the highest scientific production, the USA (35.3%), the UK (9.5%) and Germany (7.3%). Based on term co-occurrence maps and analyses of sources of articles, we identified autism spectrum disorders as the most investigated condition and conducted specific analyses on 638 articles related to this topic which showed an annual scientific production growth of 16.52%. The majority of studies focused on autism used eye tracking to investigate gaze patterns with regards to stimuli related to social interaction. Our analysis highlights the widespread and increasing use of eye tracking in the study of different neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Zammarchi
- Department of Economics and Business Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Athanasopoulos F, Saprikis OV, Margeli M, Klein C, Smyrnis N. Towards Clinically Relevant Oculomotor Biomarkers in Early Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:688683. [PMID: 34177483 PMCID: PMC8222521 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.688683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, psychiatric research has focused on the evaluation and implementation of biomarkers in the clinical praxis. Oculomotor function deviances are among the most consistent and replicable cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and have been suggested as viable candidates for biomarkers. In this narrative review, we focus on oculomotor function in first-episode psychosis, recent onset schizophrenia as well as individuals at high risk for developing psychosis. We critically discuss the evidence for the possible utilization of oculomotor function measures as diagnostic, susceptibility, predictive, monitoring, and prognostic biomarkers for these conditions. Based on the current state of research we conclude that there are not sufficient data to unequivocally support the use of oculomotor function measures as biomarkers in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Athanasopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Orionas-Vasilis Saprikis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto Margeli
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Klein
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wolf A, Ueda K. Contribution of Eye-Tracking to Study Cognitive Impairments Among Clinical Populations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:590986. [PMID: 34163391 PMCID: PMC8215550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of psychology, the merge of decision-theory and neuroscientific methods produces an array of scientifically recognized paradigms. For example, by exploring consumer’s eye-movement behavior, researchers aim to deepen the understanding of how patterns of retinal activation are being meaningfully transformed into visual experiences and connected with specific reactions (e.g., purchase). Notably, eye-movements provide knowledge of one’s homeostatic balance and gatekeep information that shape decisions. Hence, vision science investigates the quality of observed environments determined under various experimental conditions. Moreover, it answers questions on how human process visual stimuli and use gained information for a successful strategy to achieve certain goals. While capturing cognitive states with the support of the eye-trackers progresses at a relatively fast pace in decision-making research, measuring the visual performance of real-life tasks, which require complex cognitive skills, is tentatively translated into clinical experiments. Nevertheless, the potential of the human eye as a highly valuable source of biomarkers has been underlined. In this article, we aim to draw readers attention to decision-making experimental paradigms supported with eye-tracking technology among clinical populations. Such interdisciplinary approach may become an important component that will (i) help in objectively illustrating patient’s models of beliefs and values, (ii) support clinical interventions, and (iii) contribute to health services. It is possible that shortly, eye-movement data from decision-making experiments will grant the scientific community a greater understanding of mechanisms underlining mental states and consumption practices that medical professionals consider as obsessions, disorders or addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- JSPS International Research Fellow, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ueda
- Unit of Perceptual Psychology, Dept. Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Division of Auditory and Visual Perception Research, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koba C, Notaro G, Tamm S, Nilsonne G, Hasson U. Spontaneous eye movements during eyes-open rest reduce resting-state-network modularity by increasing visual-sensorimotor connectivity. Netw Neurosci 2021; 5:451-476. [PMID: 34189373 PMCID: PMC8233114 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During wakeful rest, individuals make small eye movements during fixation. We examined how these endogenously driven oculomotor patterns impact topography and topology of functional brain networks. We used a dataset consisting of eyes-open resting-state (RS) fMRI data with simultaneous eye tracking. The eye-tracking data indicated minor movements during rest, which correlated modestly with RS BOLD data. However, eye-tracking data correlated well with echo-planar imaging time series sampled from the area of the eye-orbit (EO-EPI), which is a signal previously used to identify eye movements during exogenous saccades and movie viewing. Further analyses showed that EO-EPI data were correlated with activity in an extensive motor and sensorimotor network, including components of the dorsal attention network and the frontal eye fields. Partialling out variance related to EO-EPI from RS data reduced connectivity, primarily between sensorimotor and visual areas. It also produced networks with higher modularity, lower mean connectivity strength, and lower mean clustering coefficient. Our results highlight new aspects of endogenous eye movement control during wakeful rest. They show that oculomotor-related contributions form an important component of RS network topology, and that those should be considered in interpreting differences in network structure between populations or as a function of different experimental conditions. We studied how subtle eye movements made during fixation, in absence of any other task, are related to resting-state connectivity measured using fMRI. We used a dataset for which eye tracking and BOLD resting-state were acquired simultaneously. We correlated brain activity with both eye-tracking metrics as well as time series sampled from the area of the eye orbits (EO-EPI). Eye-tracking data correlated well with the EO-EPI data. Furthermore, EO-EPI correlated with BOLD signal in sensorimotor and visual brain systems. Removing variance related to EO-EPI reduced connectivity between sensorimotor and visual areas and resulted in more modular resting-state networks. Our findings show that oculomotor-related contributions are an important component of resting-state network topology, and that they can be studied using EPI data from the eye orbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Koba
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Notaro
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), The University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sandra Tamm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), The University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miller HL, Zurutuza IR, Fears NE, Polat SO, Nielsen RD. Post-processing integration and semi-automated analysis of eye-tracking and motion-capture data obtained in immersive virtual reality environments to measure visuomotor integration. PROCEEDINGS. EYE TRACKING RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM 2021; 2021:17. [PMID: 34263270 PMCID: PMC8276594 DOI: 10.1145/3450341.3458881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mobile eye-tracking and motion-capture techniques yield rich, precisely quantifiable data that can inform our understanding of the relationship between visual and motor processes during task performance. However, these systems are rarely used in combination, in part because of the significant time and human resources required for post-processing and analysis. Recent advances in computer vision have opened the door for more efficient processing and analysis solutions. We developed a post-processing pipeline to integrate mobile eye-tracking and full-body motion-capture data. These systems were used simultaneously to measure visuomotor integration in an immersive virtual environment. Our approach enables calculation of a 3D gaze vector that can be mapped to the participant's body position and objects in the virtual environment using a uniform coordinate system. This approach is generalizable to other configurations, and enables more efficient analysis of eye, head, and body movements together during visuomotor tasks administered in controlled, repeatable environments.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wolf A, Ueda K, Hirano Y. Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:82-100. [PMID: 33314465 PMCID: PMC7986125 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although eye-tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention-demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers. METHODS The protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness. RESULTS The use of modern eye-tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non-invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Eye-tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome-based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context-processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ueda
- Department of Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takahashi J, Miura K, Morita K, Fujimoto M, Miyata S, Okazaki K, Matsumoto J, Hasegawa N, Hirano Y, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Makinodan M, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Onitsuka T, Hashimoto R. Effects of age and sex on eye movement characteristics. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:152-158. [PMID: 33615745 PMCID: PMC8340818 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal eye movements are often associated with psychiatric disorders. Eye movements are sensorimotor functions of the brain, and aging and sex would affect their characteristics. A precise understanding of normal eye movements is required to distinguish disease-related abnormalities from natural differences associated with aging or sex. To date, there is no multicohort study examining age-related dependency and sex effects of eye movements in healthy, normal individuals using large samples to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the results. In this study, we aimed to provide findings showing the impact of age and sex on eye movement measures. The present study used eye movement measures of more than seven hundred healthy individuals from three large independent cohorts. We herein evaluated eye movement measures quantified by using a set of standard eye movement tests that have been utilized for the examination of patients with schizophrenia. We assessed the statistical significance of the effects of age and sex and its reproducibility across cohorts. We found that 4-18 out of 35 eye movement measures were significantly correlated with age, depending on the cohort, and that 10 of those, which are related to the fixation and motor control of smooth pursuit and saccades, showed high reproducibility. On the other hand, the effects of sex, if any, were less reproducible. The present results suggest that we should take age into account when we evaluate abnormalities in eye movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okada KI, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Morita K, Yoshida M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Iwase M, Inagaki M, Shinozaki T, Fujita I, Hashimoto R. Impaired inhibition of return during free-viewing behaviour in patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3237. [PMID: 33547381 PMCID: PMC7865073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects various aspects of cognitive and behavioural functioning. Eye movement abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZs). Here we examined whether such abnormalities reflect an anomaly in inhibition of return (IOR), the mechanism that inhibits orienting to previously fixated or attended locations. We analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of eye movement during free-viewing of visual images including natural scenes, geometrical patterns, and pseudorandom noise in SZs and healthy control participants (HCs). SZs made saccades to previously fixated locations more frequently than HCs. The time lapse from the preceding saccade was longer for return saccades than for forward saccades in both SZs and HCs, but the difference was smaller in SZs. SZs explored a smaller area than HCs. Generalized linear mixed-effect model analysis indicated that the frequent return saccades served to confine SZs' visual exploration to localized regions. The higher probability of return saccades in SZs was related to cognitive decline after disease onset but not to the dose of prescribed antipsychotics. We conclude that SZs exhibited attenuated IOR under free-viewing conditions, which led to restricted scene scanning. IOR attenuation will be a useful clue for detecting impairment in attention/orienting control and accompanying cognitive decline in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Okada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Present Address: Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- grid.412708.80000 0004 1764 7572Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSchool of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, 240-0193 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.460257.2Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, 553-0003 Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, 530-0012 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mikio Inagaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takashi Shinozaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ichiro Fujita
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shmukler A, Latanov AV, Karyakina M, Anisimov VN, Churikova MA, Sukhachevsky IS, Spektor VA. Eye Movements and Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Network Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:736228. [PMID: 34858224 PMCID: PMC8631397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eye movement parameters are often used during cognitive functioning assessments of patients with psychotic spectrum disorders. It is interesting to compare these oculomotor parameters with cognitive functions, as assessed using psychometric cognitive tests. A network analysis is preferable for understanding complex systems; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the multidimensional relationships that exist between oculomotor reactions and neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Materials and Methods: A total of 134 subjects (93 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-10) and 41 healthy volunteers) participated in this study. Psychiatric symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed using the Simpson-Angus Scale, and akathisia was assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. Eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker SMI RED 500, and cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. The statistical analyses were conducted using Minitab 17 Statistical Software, version 17.2.1. Data visualization and additional analyses were performed in the R 4.0.3 environment, using RStudio V 1.3.1093 software. Results: A network model of neurocognitive and oculomotor functions was constructed for the patients. In the full network (which includes all correlations) the median antisaccade latency value is the central element of the oculomotor domain, and the Symbol Coding test, the Digit Sequencing test, and the Verbal Fluency test are central elements in the neurocognitive domain. Additionally, there were connections between other cognitive and oculomotor functions, except for the antisaccade error latency in the oculomotor domain and the Token Motor Task in the neurocognitive domain. Conclusion: Network analysis provides measurable criteria for the assessment of neurophysiological and neurocognitive abnormalities in patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders and allows to select key targets for their management and cognitive remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shmukler
- Department of Psychotic Spectrum Disorders, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, The Branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Karyakina
- Department of Psychotic Spectrum Disorders, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, The Branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor N Anisimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ivan S Sukhachevsky
- Department of Psychotic Spectrum Disorders, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, The Branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery A Spektor
- Department of Psychotic Spectrum Disorders, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, The Branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Matsumoto J, Fukunaga M, Miura K, Nemoto K, Koshiyama D, Okada N, Morita K, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa N, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Relationship between white matter microstructure and work hours. Neurosci Lett 2020; 740:135428. [PMID: 33086092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human social activities are realized by a synergy of neuronal activity over various regions of the brain, which is supported by their connectivity. In the present study, we examined associations between social activities, represented by work hours, and brain connectivity as quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In 483 healthy participants, DTI analysis was performed using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging, and work hours were calculated, considering hours of paid employment (the "Work for Pay" category), hours of housework (the "Work at Home" category), and hours of school-related study (the "Student" category). The correlations between each class of work time and DTI indices were analyzed. The mean diffusivity (MD) values of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO) were negatively correlated with total work hours (ALIC: r = -0.192, p = 2.3 × 10-5; SFO: r = -0.161, p = 3.8 × 10-4). We also found that the MD values of the ALIC and the SFO were correlated with work hours in the Work for Pay category (ALIC: r = -0.211, p = 3.2 × 10-6; SFO: r = -0.163, p = 3.4 × 10-4) but not with those in the Work at Home category or the Student category. These results suggest that social activity is associated with the white matter microstructure of the ALIC and the SFO. The main difference between "Work for Pay" and the other two social activities appears to be the type of motivation-for example, external versus internal. Therefore, the white matter microstructure of the ALIC and SFO may be related to externally motivated social activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Osaka 553-0003, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Medical Corporation Foster, 1-3-11, Oyodominami, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 531-0075, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Koshiyama D, Miura K, Nemoto K, Okada N, Matsumoto J, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto R. Neuroimaging studies within Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization aiming to replicate and extend works of ENIGMA. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:182-193. [PMID: 32501580 PMCID: PMC8675417 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility is one of the most important issues for generalizing the results of clinical research; however, low reproducibility in neuroimaging studies is well known. To overcome this problem, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium, an international neuroimaging consortium, established standard protocols for imaging analysis and employs either meta‐ and mega‐analyses of psychiatric disorders with large sample sizes. The Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) in Japan promotes neurobiological studies in psychiatry and has successfully replicated and extended works of ENIGMA especially for neuroimaging studies. For example, (a) the ENIGMA consortium showed subcortical regional volume alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 2,028) compared to controls (n = 2,540) across 15 cohorts using meta‐analysis. COCORO replicated the volumetric changes in patients with schizophrenia (n = 884) compared to controls (n = 1,680) using the ENIGMA imaging analysis protocol and mega‐analysis. Furthermore, a schizophrenia‐specific leftward asymmetry for the pallidum volume was demonstrated; and (b) the ENIGMA consortium identified white matter microstructural alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 1,963) compared to controls (n = 2,359) across 29 cohorts. Using the ENIGMA protocol, a study from COCORO showed similar results in patients with schizophrenia (n = 696) compared to controls (n = 1,506) from 12 sites using mega‐analysis. Moreover, the COCORO study found that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (n = 211) and autism spectrum disorder (n = 126), but not major depressive disorder (n = 398), share similar white matter microstructural alterations, compared to controls. Further replication and harmonization of the ENIGMA consortium and COCORO will contribute to the generalization of their research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morita K, Miura K, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia: A recent update with clinical implications. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 40:2-9. [PMID: 31774633 PMCID: PMC7292223 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movements are indispensable for the collection of visual information in everyday life. Many findings regarding the neural basis of eye movements have been accumulated from neurophysiological and psychophysical studies. In the field of psychiatry, studies on eye movement characteristics in mental illnesses have been conducted since the early 1900s. Participants with schizophrenia are known to have characteristic eye movements during smooth pursuit, saccade control, and visual search. Recently, studies evaluating eye movement characteristics as biomarkers for schizophrenia have attracted considerable attention. In this article, we review the neurophysiological basis of eye movement control and eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for eye movements as biomarkers for mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|