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Lim CC, Choong YS, Lim TS. Cognizance of Molecular Methods for the Generation of Mutagenic Phage Display Antibody Libraries for Affinity Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1861. [PMID: 30991723 PMCID: PMC6515083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies leverage on their unique architecture to bind with an array of antigens. The strength of interaction has a direct relation to the affinity of the antibodies towards the antigen. In vivo affinity maturation is performed through multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation and selection in the germinal centre. This unique process involves intricate sequence rearrangements at the gene level via molecular mechanisms. The emergence of in vitro display technologies, mainly phage display and recombinant DNA technology, has helped revolutionize the way antibody improvements are being carried out in the laboratory. The adaptation of molecular approaches in vitro to replicate the in vivo processes has allowed for improvements in the way recombinant antibodies are designed and tuned. Combinatorial libraries, consisting of a myriad of possible antibodies, are capable of replicating the diversity of the natural human antibody repertoire. The isolation of target-specific antibodies with specific affinity characteristics can also be accomplished through modification of stringent protocols. Despite the ability to screen and select for high-affinity binders, some 'fine tuning' may be required to enhance antibody binding in terms of its affinity. This review will provide a brief account of phage display technology used for antibody generation followed by a summary of different combinatorial library characteristics. The review will focus on available strategies, which include molecular approaches, next generation sequencing, and in silico approaches used for antibody affinity maturation in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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Yasugi M, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yamashita A, Kawashita N, Du A, Sasaki T, Nishimura M, Misaki R, Kuhara M, Boonsathorn N, Fujiyama K, Okuno Y, Nakaya T, Ikuta K. Human monoclonal antibodies broadly neutralizing against influenza B virus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003150. [PMID: 23408886 PMCID: PMC3567173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has the ability to evade host immune surveillance through rapid viral genetic drift and reassortment; therefore, it remains a continuous public health threat. The development of vaccines producing broadly reactive antibodies, as well as therapeutic strategies using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) with global reactivity, has been gathering great interest recently. Here, three hybridoma clones producing HuMAbs against influenza B virus, designated 5A7, 3A2 and 10C4, were prepared using peripheral lymphocytes from vaccinated volunteers, and were investigated for broad cross-reactive neutralizing activity. Of these HuMAbs, 3A2 and 10C4, which recognize the readily mutable 190-helix region near the receptor binding site in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, react only with the Yamagata lineage of influenza B virus. By contrast, HuMAb 5A7 broadly neutralizes influenza B strains that were isolated from 1985 to 2006, belonging to both Yamagata and Victoria lineages. Epitope mapping revealed that 5A7 recognizes 316G, 318C and 321W near the C terminal of HA1, a highly conserved region in influenza B virus. Indeed, no mutations in the amino acid residues of the epitope region were induced, even after the virus was passaged ten times in the presence of HuMAb 5A7. Moreover, 5A7 showed significant therapeutic efficacy in mice, even when it was administered 72 hours post-infection. These results indicate that 5A7 is a promising candidate for developing therapeutics, and provide insight for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza B virus. Influenza virus is classified into types A, B and C. Influenza A virus is further divided into many subtypes, all of which exist in animals, indicating pandemic potential. By contrast, influenza B virus circulates almost exclusively in humans and, as there is no evidence for reassortment with influenza A virus, there is no indication of pandemic potential. Hence, there is far less accumulated research information regarding influenza B virus than influenza A virus. Influenza B virus, which is classified into two phylogenetic lineages, does, however, cause annual epidemics in humans and is therefore as essential to control as influenza A virus. Recently, the development of a universal vaccine and therapeutic strategies using human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) has been gathering great interest. The present study reports a HuMAb neutralizing a wide range of influenza B viruses of both lineages. This HuMAb recognizes the conserved region of hemagglutinin. Moreover, therapeutic efficacy of this HuMAb was also confirmed by in vivo animal experiments. Thus, this study provides insight for the development of broad-spectrum therapeutics and a universal prophylactic vaccine against influenza B virus.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Base Sequence
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Environmental Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anariwa Du
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naphatsawan Boonsathorn
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Okuno
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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