1
|
Chung IY, Kim J, Koh A. The Microbiome Matters: Its Impact on Cancer Development and Therapeutic Responses. J Microbiol 2024; 62:137-152. [PMID: 38587593 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the evolving landscape of cancer research, the human microbiome emerges as a pivotal determinant reshaping our understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic responses. Advanced sequencing technologies have uncovered a vibrant microbial community not confined to the gut but thriving within tumor tissues. Comprising bacteria, viruses, and fungi, this diverse microbiota displays distinct signatures across various cancers, with most research primarily focusing on bacteria. The correlations between specific microbial taxa within different cancer types underscore their pivotal roles in driving tumorigenesis and influencing therapeutic responses, particularly in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review amalgamates recent discoveries, emphasizing the translocation of the oral microbiome to the gut as a potential marker for microbiome dysbiosis across diverse cancer types and delves into potential mechanisms contributing to cancer promotion. Furthermore, it highlights the adverse effects of the microbiome on cancer development while exploring its potential in fortifying strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Liu Y, Wen Z, Chen C, Wang C, Li H, Yang X. Gut microbiota in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:261. [PMID: 38402385 PMCID: PMC10893726 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to prostate cancer. This study aims to assess the gut microbiota composition in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy participants, thereby advancing understanding of gut microbiota's role in prostate cancer. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and pertinent data were analyzed. The kappa score assessed interrater agreement. RESULTS This study encompassed seven research papers, involving 250 prostate cancer patients and 192 controls. The kappa was 0.93. Meta-analysis results showed that alpha-diversity of gut microbiota in prostate cancer patients was significantly lower than in the control group. In terms of gut microbiota abundance, the ratio of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides was higher in prostate cancer patients. Conversely, the abundance ratio of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonella, and Megasphaera was higher in the control group. CONCLUSION Our study reveals differences in alpha-diversity and abundance of gut microbiota between patients with prostate cancer and controls, indicating gut microbiota dysbiosis in those with prostate cancer. However, given the limited quality and quantity of selected studies, further research is necessary to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim SJ, Park M, Choi A, Yoo S. Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:112. [PMID: 38256945 PMCID: PMC10819128 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically addresses the correlation between the microbiome and prostate cancer and explores its diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Recent research has indicated an association between the urinary and gut microbiome composition and prostate cancer incidence and progression. Specifically, the urinary microbiome is a potential non-invasive biomarker for early detection and risk evaluation, with altered microbial profiles in prostate cancer patients. This represents an advancement in non-invasive diagnostic approaches to prostate cancer. The role of the gut microbiome in the efficacy of various cancer therapies has recently gained attention. Gut microbiota variations can affect the metabolism and effectiveness of standard treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. This review explores the potential of gut microbiome modification through dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation for improving the treatment response and mitigating adverse effects. Moreover, this review discusses the potential of microbiome profiling for patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies. While the current research identifies the pivotal role of the microbiome in prostate cancer, it also highlights the necessity for further investigations to fully understand these complex interactions and their practical applications in improving patient outcomes in prostate cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung 25440, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myungchan Park
- Department of Urology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahnryul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Yoo
- Department of Urology, SNU-SMG Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elsayed NS, Wolfe AJ, Burk RD. Urine microbiome in individuals with an impaired immune system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1308665. [PMID: 38274734 PMCID: PMC10808152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1308665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advent of next generation sequencing, it is now appreciated that human urine is not sterile. Recent investigations of the urinary microbiome (urobiome) have provided insights into several urological diseases. Urobiome dysbiosis, defined as non-optimal urine microbiome composition, has been observed in many disorders; however, it is not clear whether this dysbiosis is the cause of urinary tract disorders or a consequence. In addition, immunologically altered disorders are associated with higher rates of urinary tract infections. These disorders include immunoproliferative and immunodeficiency diseases, cancer, and immunosuppressant therapy in transplant recipients. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of the urobiome in immunologically altered diseases, its composition and metabolomic consequences. We conclude that more data are required to describe the urobiome in immune altered states, knowledge that could facilitate understanding the role of the urobiome and its pathophysiological effects on urinary tract infections and other disorders of the urinary tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha S. Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q. Bacterial infection and microbiota in carcinogenesis and tumor development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1294082. [PMID: 38035341 PMCID: PMC10684967 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1294082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota colonize exposed body tissues (e.g., gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, female genital tract, and urogenital tracts) and unexposed sites (e.g., breast). Persistent bacterial infection in the host lead to the development of multiple disease. They are implicated in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and malignant diseases. Amounting studies have demonstrated the role of bacterial infection in carcinogenesis. The study of microbiota in tumorigenesis is primarily focused on lung cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer, gastric cancer, and gynecologic tumors, and so on. Infection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer carcinogenesis is recognized as class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) decades ago. The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the development of colorectal cancer is extensively investigated. Variable bacteria have been cultured from the tumor tissues. The identification of microbiota in multiple tumor tissues reveal that bacterial infection and microbiota are associated with tumor development. The microbiota affects multiple aspects of carcinogenesis and tumor development, including favoring epithelial cells proliferation, establishing inflammatory microenvironment, promoting metastasis, and causing resistance to therapy. On the other hand, microbiota can shape a tumor surveillance environment by enhancing cell activity, and sensitize the tumor cells to immune therapy. In the present review, the roles of microbiota in multiple malignancies are summarized, and unraveling the mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions can contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between microbiota and host cells, also the development of potential anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie Q, Hu B. Effects of gut microbiota on prostatic cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250369. [PMID: 38029073 PMCID: PMC10659115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Recent observational and small-sample case-control studies have shown a relationship between gut microbiota composition and prostatic cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, the causal association between gut microbiota and PCa is still unclear. Herein, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and PCa. Methods In this two-sample MR study, data were extracted from the summary statistics of gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium (n = 14,306) and the Dutch Microbiome Project (n = 8,208). Summary statistics for PCa were obtained from the FinnGen consortium release data (n = 95,213). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, strength test (F), and MR-PRESSO were used to examine the potential causal association between gut microbiota and PCa. Cochran's Q statistics were used to quantify the heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Results IVW estimates suggested that the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7926, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6655-0.9440) and Bacteroides salyersiae (OR = 0.9023, 95% CI: 0.8262-0.9853) were negatively associated with the odds of PCa, while that of Eubacterium biforme (OR = 1.1629, 95% CI: 1.0110-1.3376) was positively associated with the odds of PCa. In addition, we explored these relationships among patients without other cancers and similarly found that the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides salyersiae, and Eubacterium biforme were linked to PCa (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Gut microbiota potentially influenced the occurrence of PCa. Our findings may provide some new ideas for researching the methods of PCa prevention. In addition, further studies are needed to explore the causal association and specific underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porto JG, Arbelaez MCS, Pena B, Khandekar A, Malpani A, Nahar B, Punnen S, Ritch CR, Gonzalgo ML, Parekh DJ, Marcovich R, Shah HN. The Influence of the Microbiome on Urological Malignancies: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4984. [PMID: 37894351 PMCID: PMC10605095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, once considered peripheral, is emerging as a relevant player in the intricate web of factors contributing to cancer development and progression. These often overlooked microorganisms, in the context of urological malignancies, have been investigated primarily focusing on the gut microbiome, while exploration of urogenital microorganisms remains limited. Considering this, our systematic review delves into the complex role of these understudied actors in various neoplastic conditions, including prostate, bladder, kidney, penile, and testicular cancers. Our analysis found a total of 37 studies (prostate cancer 12, bladder cancer 20, kidney cancer 4, penile/testicular cancer 1), revealing distinct associations specific to each condition and hinting at potential therapeutic avenues and future biomarker discoveries. It becomes evident that further research is imperative to unravel the complexities of this domain and provide a more comprehensive understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao G. Porto
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Brandon Pena
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Archan Khandekar
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ankur Malpani
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bruno Nahar
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanoj Punnen
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chad R. Ritch
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dipen J. Parekh
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert Marcovich
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hemendra N. Shah
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsushita M, Fujita K, Hatano K, De Velasco MA, Tsujimura A, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Emerging Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Prostate Cancer. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:759-768. [PMID: 36876743 PMCID: PMC10523130 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota changes under the influence of environmental and genetic factors, affecting human health. Extensive studies have revealed that the gut microbiome is closely associated with many non-intestinal diseases. Among these, the influence of the gut microbiome on cancer biology and the efficacy of cancer therapy has attracted much attention. Prostate cancer cells are affected by direct contact with the microbiota of local tissues and urine, and a relationship between prostate cancer cells and the gut microbiota has been suggested. In the human gut microbiota, bacterial composition differs depending on prostate cancer characteristics, such as histological grade and castration resistance. Moreover, the involvement of several intestinal bacteria in testosterone metabolism has been demonstrated, suggesting that they may affect prostate cancer progression and treatment through this mechanism. Basic research indicates that the gut microbiome also plays an important role in the underlying biology of prostate cancer through multiple mechanisms owing to the activity of microbial-derived metabolites and components. In this review, we describe the evidence surrounding the emerging relationship between the gut microbiome and prostate cancer, termed the "gut-prostate axis."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nearing JT, DeClercq V, Langille MGI. Investigating the oral microbiome in retrospective and prospective cases of prostate, colon, and breast cancer. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:23. [PMID: 37127667 PMCID: PMC10151362 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has been proposed as a potentially useful biomarker for several cancers. To examine this, we made use of salivary samples from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) project and Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP). Sample selection was divided into both a retrospective and prospective case control design examining prostate, breast, and colon cancer. In total 89 retrospective and 260 prospective cancer cases were matched to non-cancer controls and saliva samples were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found no significant differences in alpha diversity. All beta diversity measures were insignificant except for unweighted UniFrac profiles in retrospective breast cancer cases and weighted UniFrac, Bray-Curtis and Robust Atchinson's distances in colon cancer after testing with age and sex adjusted MiRKAT models. Differential abundance (DA) analysis showed several taxa that were associated with previous cancer in all three groupings. Only one genus (Clostridia UCG-014) in breast cancer and one ASV (Fusobacterium periodonticum) in colon cancer was identified by more than one DA tool. In prospective cases three ASVs were associated with colon cancer, one ASV with breast cancer, and one ASV with prostate cancer. Random Forest classification showed low levels of signal in both study designs in breast and prostate cancer. Contrastingly, colon cancer did show signal in our retrospective analysis (AUC: 0.737) and in one of two prospective cohorts (AUC: 0.717). Our results indicate that it is unlikely that reliable microbial oral biomarkers for breast and prostate cancer exist.. However, further research into the oral microbiome and colon cancer could be fruitful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Nearing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Vanessa DeClercq
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Munteanu R, Feder RI, Onaciu A, Munteanu VC, Iuga CA, Gulei D. Insights into the Human Microbiome and Its Connections with Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092539. [PMID: 37174009 PMCID: PMC10177521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome represents the diversity of microorganisms that live together at different organ sites, influencing various physiological processes and leading to pathological conditions, even carcinogenesis, in case of a chronic imbalance. Additionally, the link between organ-specific microbiota and cancer has attracted the interest of numerous studies and projects. In this review article, we address the important aspects regarding the role of gut, prostate, urinary and reproductive system, skin, and oral cavity colonizing microorganisms in prostate cancer development. Various bacteria, fungi, virus species, and other relevant agents with major implications in cancer occurrence and progression are also described. Some of them are assessed based on their values of prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, while others are presented for their anti-cancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Richard-Ionut Feder
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Department of NanoBioPhysics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics and Biophysics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Microbiota of Urine, Glans and Prostate Biopsies in Patients with Prostate Cancer Reveals a Dysbiosis in the Genitourinary System. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051423. [PMID: 36900215 PMCID: PMC10000660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men. Microbial communities profiling was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that α-diversity (number and abundance of genera) was lower in prostate and glans, and higher in urine from patients with PCa, compared to non-PCa patients. The different genera of the bacterial community found in urine was significantly different in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients, but they did not differ in glans and prostate. Moreover, comparing the bacterial communities present in the three different samples, urine and glans show a similar genus composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed significantly higher levels of the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Peptoniphilus, Negativicoccus, Actinomyces, Propionimicrobium, and Facklamia in urine of PCa patients, whereas Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were more abundant in the non-PCa patients. In glans, the genus Stenotrophomonas was enriched in PCa subjects, while Peptococcus was more abundant in non-PCa subjects. In prostate, Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Klebsiella, and Rothia were the overrepresented genera in the PCa group, while Actinomyces, Parabacteroides, Muribaculaceae sp., and Prevotella were overrepresented in the non-PCa group. These findings provide a strong background for the development of potential biomarkers with clinical interest.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu S, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Sha Z, Lin X, Wu H. Bacteria and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1115556. [PMID: 36825088 PMCID: PMC9941202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and microbial infections are significant worldwide health challenges. Numerous studies have demonstrated that bacteria may contribute to the emergence of cancer. In this review, we assemble bacterial species discovered in various cancers to describe their variety and specificity. The relationship between bacteria and macrophages in cancer is also highlighted, and we look for ample proof to establish a biological basis for bacterial-induced macrophage polarization. Finally, we quickly go over the potential roles of metabolites, cytokines, and microRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment by bacterially activated macrophages. The complexity of bacteria and macrophages in cancer will be revealed as we gain a better understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms, which will lead to new therapeutic approaches for both inflammatory illnesses and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kustrimovic N, Bombelli R, Baci D, Mortara L. Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021511. [PMID: 36675055 PMCID: PMC9860633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence of the microbiome's role in human health and disease has emerged since the creation of the Human Microbiome Project. Recent studies suggest that alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) may play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), which remains the second most frequent male malignancy worldwide. Current advances in biological technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have enabled research on the gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signature and the correlation with local and systemic inflammation, host immunity response, and PCa progression. Several microbial species and their metabolites facilitate PCa insurgence through genotoxin-mediated mutagenesis or by driving tumor-promoting inflammation and dysfunctional immunosurveillance. However, the impact of the microbiome on PCa development, progression, and response to treatment is complex and needs to be fully understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the host-microbe interaction and the risk of PCa, providing novel insights into the intraprostatic, gut, and urinary microbiome mechanisms leading to PCa carcinogenesis and treatment response. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of diet changes, gut microbiome, and emerging therapeutic approaches related to the microbiome and PCa. Further investigation on the prostate-related microbiome and large-scale clinical trials testing the efficacy of microbiota modulation approaches may improve patient outcomes while fulfilling the literature gap of microbial-immune-cancer-cell mechanistic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bombelli
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang HJ, Kim JH. Role of microbiome and its metabolite, short chain fatty acid in prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:3-12. [PMID: 36629060 PMCID: PMC9834570 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome which is an assembly of all microbes living inside our bodies performs a major role in maintaining human health and wellness. It has been found that the imbalance of the microbiome can cause various diseases in humans. Similarly, there is growing evidence that the microbiome largely affects a person's chance of contracting certain cancers and how the disease develops and progresses. Studies have shown that about 15% to 20% of all cancers are caused by microbial pathogens. The prevalence of prostate cancer, which is increasing rapidly in Korea, is related to lifestyle including diet. These diets can alter the gut microbial composition, and the effect of the microbiome on prostate cancer development can be estimated. However, the microbiome associated with prostate cancer has been reported differently according to race. This means that the metabolite rather than the specific microbiome will be important. Short chain fatty acids, metabolites of the microbiome, plays an important role in the action mechanism of the microbiome. Short chain fatty acids play roles such as immunomodulation and inhibition of histone deacetylase. Here, we examined the most up-to-date literature featuring the effects of the microbiome on the risk and pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Islam MZ, Tran M, Xu T, Tierney BT, Patel C, Kostic AD. Reproducible and opposing gut microbiome signatures distinguish autoimmune diseases and cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:218. [PMID: 36482486 PMCID: PMC9733034 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome promotes specific immune responses, and in turn, the immune system has a hand in shaping the microbiome. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are two major disease families that result from the contrasting manifestations of immune dysfunction. We hypothesized that the opposing immunological profiles between cancer and autoimmunity yield analogously inverted gut microbiome signatures. To test this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on gut microbiome signatures and their directionality in cancers and autoimmune conditions. METHODOLOGY We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant articles to be included in this study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements and PRISMA 2009 checklist. Study estimates were pooled by a generic inverse variance random-effects meta-analysis model. The relative abundance of microbiome features was converted to log fold change, and the standard error was calculated from the p-values, sample size, and fold change. RESULTS We screened 3874 potentially relevant publications. A total of 82 eligible studies comprising 37 autoimmune and 45 cancer studies with 4208 healthy human controls and 5957 disease cases from 27 countries were included in this study. We identified a set of microbiome features that show consistent, opposite directionality between cancers and autoimmune diseases in multiple studies. Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus were the most consistently increased genera among the cancer cases which were found to be associated in a remarkable 13 (+0.5 log fold change in 5 studies) and 11 studies (+3.6 log fold change in 5 studies), respectively. Conversely, Bacteroides was the most prominent genus, which was found to be increased in 12 autoimmune studies (+0.2 log fold change in 6 studies) and decreased in six cancer studies (-0.3 log fold change in 4 studies). Sulfur-metabolism pathways were found to be the most frequent pathways among the member of cancer-increased genus and species. CONCLUSIONS The surprising reproducibility of these associations across studies and geographies suggests a shared underlying mechanism shaping the microbiome across cancers and autoimmune diseases. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Zohorul Islam
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Melissa Tran
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chirag Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandar David Kostic
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tóth Z, Bezzegh A, Tordé Á, Vásárhelyi B, Gyarmati B. Short term ciprofloxacin and clindamycin combination antibiotic therapy before and after transrectal ultrasound scan and prostate biopsy: Its impact on major components of gut microbiome. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101874. [PMID: 36400114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The perturbation of gut microbiome is a risk factor for a number of adverse conditions. Among other factors antibiotic therapy is a common culprit. We characterized the short-term alteration of gut microbiome after antibiotic therapy. Nine patients (age (median [range]): 67 [57-75 years]) were subjected to prostate biopsy. Ciprofloxacin and clindamycin, 500 mg and 150 mg, respectively, were administered twice a day; this combination therapy was started the day before and continued until 5th and 8th day, respectively, following biopsy. 16s RNA sequencing data from fecal swabs taken before antibiotic therapy and 14 days after biopsy were analysed. At phylum level, the abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes decreased, while that of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria increased after antibiotic therapy. The ratio of Firmicutes:Bacteroides inversed (from 2.81 to 0.74, p = 0.035). At order level, the abundance of Bacteroidales and Veillonellales increased, while that of Clostridiales and Coriobacteriales decreased. At genus level the abundance of Bacteroides increased, while those of Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Collinsella decreased. These findings indicate that short-term antibiotic exposure skews gut microbiome composition. The current level of knowledge does not allow to decide whether this skewness is detrimental and has any long-term effect on disease including prostate pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Tóth
- Uzsoki Hospital, Department of Urology, Budapest, Uzsoki u. 29-41, 1145, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bezzegh
- Dr. Manninger Jenő Center for Traumatology, Department of Laboratory, Budapest, Fiumei út 17, 1044, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Tordé
- Uzsoki Hospital, Department of Urology, Budapest, Uzsoki u. 29-41, 1145, Hungary.
| | - Barna Vásárhelyi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Floor 14, H-1089, Hungary.
| | - Béla Gyarmati
- Uzsoki Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Budapest, Uzsoki u. 29-41, 1145, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim JK, Song SH, Jung G, Song B, Hong SK. Possibilities and limitations of using low biomass samples for urologic disease and microbiome research. Prostate Int 2022; 10:169-180. [PMID: 36570648 PMCID: PMC9747588 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the dogma of sterile urine no longer held as truth, numerous studies have implicated distinct changes in microbial diversity and composition to diseased subgroups in both benign and malignant urological diseases, ranging from overactive bladder to bladder and prostate cancer. Further facilitated by novel and effective techniques of urine culture and sequencing, analysis of the genitourinary microbiome holds high potential to identify biomarkers for disease and prognosis. However, the low biomass of samples included in microbiome studies of the urinary tract challenge researchers to draw definitive conclusions, confounded by technical and procedural considerations that must be addressed. Lack of samples and adequate true negative controls can lead to overestimation of microbial influence with clinical relevance. As such, results from currently available studies and assessment of their limitations required a thorough understanding. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize notable microbiome studies in the field of urology with a focus on significant findings and limitations of study design. Methodological considerations in future research are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gyoohwan Jung
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byeongdo Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyunggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ciernikova S, Sevcikova A, Stevurkova V, Mego M. Tumor microbiome - an integral part of the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063100. [PMID: 36505811 PMCID: PMC9730887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in tumor progression and cancer cell survival. Besides malignant cells and non-malignant components, including immune cells, elements of the extracellular matrix, stromal cells, and endothelial cells, the tumor microbiome is considered to be an integral part of the TME. Mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies evaluated the presence of tumor type-specific intratumoral bacteria. Differences in microbiome composition between cancerous tissues and benign controls suggest the importance of the microbiome-based approach. Complex host-microbiota crosstalk within the TME affects tumor cell biology via the regulation of oncogenic pathways, immune response modulation, and interaction with microbiota-derived metabolites. Significantly, the involvement of tumor-associated microbiota in cancer drug metabolism highlights the therapeutic implications. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about the emerging role of tumor microbiome in various types of solid malignancies. The clinical utility of tumor microbiome in cancer progression and treatment is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of clinical trials evaluating the role of tumor microbiome in cancer patients. The research focusing on the communication between the gut and tumor microbiomes may bring new opportunities for targeting the microbiome to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia,*Correspondence: Sona Ciernikova,
| | - Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Microbiota and prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1058-1065. [PMID: 34536504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy in male patients, still representing one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Evidence is mounting that suggests the putative role of microbiota in the carcinogenesis as well as in modulating the efficacy and activity of anticancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies) in a large number of hematological and solid tumors. However, few data are available regarding the interactions between prostate cancer and microbiome so far, in particular in terms of the impact of microbiota on disease development, pathogenesis, and response to medical treatments in this genitourinary malignancy. Herein, we provide an overview of current knowledge, novel insights and emerging therapeutic approaches related to gastrointestinal and genitourinary microbiome in prostate cancer patients, especially focusing on available evidence and published trials on this topic.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Dong P, Liu X, Zhang Z, Li H, Li Y, Zhang J, Dai L, Wang S. Active Peptide AR-9 From Eupolyphaga sinensis Reduces Blood Lipid and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Restoring Gut Flora and Its Metabolites in a High Fat Diet–Induced Hyperlipidemia Rat. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918505. [PMID: 36176455 PMCID: PMC9514323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of gut flora and its metabolites plays important roles in the progression of hyperlipidemia (HL), and some bioactive peptides are available for HL treatment. In this study, we aimed to isolate an active peptide (AR-9) from active peptides of E. sinensis (APE) and determine whether AR-9 could improve many symptoms of a HL rat induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by modulating gut flora and its metabolites. Above all, AR-9 was derived from APE using ion-exchange chromatography, and its structure was deconstructed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS. Then, an HFD-induced HL model in SD rats was established and used to clarify the regulatory effects of AR-9 (dose of 3 mg/kg) on HL. Normal diet–fed rats were taken as the control. The plasma samples and liver were harvested for biochemical and histopathological examinations. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were sequenced to assess changes in gut flora and its metabolites from rat fecal samples. Finally, Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between lipid-related factors, gut flora, and its metabolites so as to evaluate the mechanism of AR-9 against HL. The results of the separation experiments showed that the amino acid sequence of AR-9 was AVFPSIVGR, which was a fragment of the actin protein from Blattaria insects. Moreover, HFD rats developed exaltation of index factors, liver lipid accumulation, and simple fibrosis for 8 weeks, and the profiles of gut flora and its metabolites were significantly altered. After treatment, AR-9 decreased the levels of lipid factors in plasma and the extent of liver damage. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that AR-9 significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Bacteroidetes and reduced the relative abundance of the obesity-associated bacteria Firmicutes. Furthermore, AR-9 changed gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria: Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Dehalobacterium, and Candidatus arthromitus. Fecal metabolomics showed that the pathway regulated by AR-9 was “arginine biosynthesis”, in which the contents were citrulline and ornithine. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that two metabolites (ornithine and citrulline) showed significantly negative correlations with obesity-related parameters and positive correlations with the gut genera (Clostridium) enriched by AR-9. Overall, our results suggested interactions between gut microbial shifts and fecal amino acid/lipid metabolism and revealed the mechanisms underlying the anti-HL effect of AR-9. The abovementioned results not only reveal the initial anti-HL mechanism of AR-9 but also provide a theoretical basis for the continued development of AR-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Huajian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Zhang, ; Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang,
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Zhang, ; Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang,
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Zhang, ; Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179664. [PMID: 36077063 PMCID: PMC9456244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early evidence suggests a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers, and great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology underlying microbial carcinogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis causes epithelial barrier failure, immune dysregulation and/or genotoxicity and, consequently, creates a tumor-permissive microenvironment. The majority of the bacteria in our body reside in the gastrointestinal tract, known as gut microbiota, which represents a complex and delicate ecosystem. Gut microbes can reach the pancreas, stomach and colon via the bloodstream. Oral bacterial translocations can also occur. In the stomach, pancreas and colon, low microbial diversity is associated with cancer, in particular with a bad prognosis. The urogenital tract also harbors unique microbiota, distinct from the gut microbiota, which might have a role in the urinary and female/male reproductive cancers’ pathogenesis. In healthy women, the majority of bacteria reside in the vagina and cervix and unlike other mucosal sites, the vaginal microbiota exhibits low microbial diversity. Genital dysbiosis might have an active role in the development and/or progression of gynecological malignancies through mechanisms including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Urinary dysbiosis may influence the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and prostate cancer in males. Modulation of the microbiome via pre, pro and postbiotics, fecal or vaginal microbiota transplantation and engineering bacteria might prove useful in improving cancer treatment response and quality of life. Elucidating the complex host-microbiome interactions will result in prevention and therapeutic efficacy interventions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Maślak E, Miśta W, Złoch M, Błońska D, Pomastowski P, Monedeiro F, Buszewski B, Mrochem-Kwarciak J, Bojarska K, Gabryś D. A New Approach to Imaging and Rapid Microbiome Identification for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081806. [PMID: 36009352 PMCID: PMC9405325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Little is known about the impact of urinary microflora, in particular, its effects on side effects after radiotherapy. The use of mass spectrometry identification method (MALDI) may bring a new look at the issue of the composition and significance of the urinary microbiome. This study aimed to use the mass spectrometry identification method (MALDI) to identify the microbiome of urine samples collected from 50 irradiated prostate cancer patients. (2) Methods: Blood and urine samples were collected before gold marker implantation, at the start and last day of radiotherapy, 1, 4 months after. Patients do not always collect the urine from the midstream; therefore, samples were collected from the first void and midstream in 12 patients for MALDI analysis; in the remaining 38 patients—from the midstream void for MALDI and biochemical analysis. (3) Results: Microorganisms were present in 140/181 urine samples. We found 33 different species 3G(−) and 30G(+). The most frequently isolated strains were: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Micrococcus luteus. When comparing the type of urine samples, bacteria were more common in samples from the first-void urine than from the midstream one. The absence of bacteria was found in 12.2% of samples from the first-void urine and in 24.7% from the midstream. There was no difference in the total incidence of species between streams (p = 0.85). Before fiducial implantation, the total number of detected bacterial species was significantly higher in comparison to the end of radiotherapy (p = 0.038), indicating that the administered therapy resulted in depleting the local microbiome. One month after radiotherapy, an increase in the number of isolated bacteria was observed. The number of bacterial species in urine did not correlate with blood parameters. The presence of leukocytes (p = 0.013) and proteins (p = 0.004) in urine was related to a greater variety of bacteria found in urine specimens. (4) Conclusions: We obtained a similar spectrum of bacteria from the initial and middle urine streams. We also showed that there is a change in bacteria species affected by the treatment of prostate cancer patients, with both antibiotics before gold fiducial implantation and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maślak
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wioletta Miśta
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Michał Złoch
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Dominika Błońska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (D.B.); (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.M.-K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Bojarska
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.M.-K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-278-80-51
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Metronomic Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102853. [PMID: 35628979 PMCID: PMC9143236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium associated with the introduction of novel endocrine therapies, cytotoxic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and PARP inhibitors, progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) beyond treatment options remains the leading cause of death in advanced prostate cancer patients. Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is an old concept of wise utilization of cytotoxic agents administered continuously and at low doses. The metronomic is unique due to its multidimensional mechanisms of action involving: (i) inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, (ii) inhibition of angiogenesis, (iii) mitigation of tumor-related immunosuppression, (iv) impairment of cancer stem cell functions, and (v) modulation of tumor and host microbiome. MC has been extensively studied in advanced prostate cancer before the advent of novel therapies, and its actual activity in contemporary, heavily pretreated mCRPC patients is unknown. We have conducted a prospective analysis of consecutive cases of mCRPC patients who failed all available standard therapies to find the optimal MC regimen for phase II studies. The metronomic combination of weekly paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 i.v. with capecitabine 1500 mg/d p.o. and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d p.o. was selected as the preferred regimen for a planned phase II study in heavily pretreated mCRPC patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hurst R, Meader E, Gihawi A, Rallapalli G, Clark J, Kay GL, Webb M, Manley K, Curley H, Walker H, Kumar R, Schmidt K, Crossman L, Eeles RA, Wedge DC, Lynch AG, Massie CE, Yazbek-Hanna M, Rochester M, Mills RD, Mithen RF, Traka MH, Ball RY, O'Grady J, Brewer DS, Wain J, Cooper CS. Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:412-419. [PMID: 35450835 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported. OBJECTIVE To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Microbiomes were assessed using anaerobic culture, population-level 16S analysis, RNA-seq, and whole genome DNA sequencing. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We demonstrate an association between the presence of bacteria in urine sediments and higher D'Amico risk prostate cancer (discovery, n = 215 patients, p < 0.001; validation, n = 103, p < 0.001, χ2 test for trend). Characterisation of the bacterial community led to the (1) identification of four novel bacteria (Porphyromonas sp. nov., Varibaculum sp. nov., Peptoniphilus sp. nov., and Fenollaria sp. nov.) that were frequently found in patient urine, and (2) definition of a patient subgroup associated with metastasis development (p = 0.015, log-rank test). The presence of five specific anaerobic genera, which includes three of the novel isolates, was associated with cancer risk group, in urine sediment (p = 0.045, log-rank test), urine extracellular vesicles (p = 0.039), and cancer tissue (p = 0.035), with a meta-analysis hazard ratio for disease progression of 2.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.85; p = 0.003; Cox regression). A limitation is that functional links to cancer development are not yet established. CONCLUSIONS This study characterises prostate and urine microbiomes, and indicates that specific anaerobic bacteria genera have prognostic potential. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria in patient urine and the prostate. We identified four novel bacteria and suggest a potential prognostic utility for the microbiome in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hurst
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Emma Meader
- Microbiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Abraham Gihawi
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Gemma L Kay
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
| | - Martyn Webb
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Kate Manley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Helen Curley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Helen Walker
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Katarzyna Schmidt
- Microbiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Lisa Crossman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | -
- The CRUK-ICGC Prostate Group, UK
| | - Marcelino Yazbek-Hanna
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Rochester
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert D Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Y Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Justin O'Grady
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
| | - Daniel S Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - John Wain
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
| | - Colin S Cooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kloping YP, Hakim L. Prostate Cancer Microbiome: A Narrative Review of What We Know So Far. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-022-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Miyake M, Tatsumi Y, Ohnishi K, Fujii T, Nakai Y, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Prostate diseases and microbiome in the prostate, gut, and urine. Prostate Int 2022; 10:96-107. [PMID: 35510078 PMCID: PMC9052083 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome in various organs involves a vast network that plays a key role in the health and wellness of the human body. With recent advances in biological technologies such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, it appears that the microbial signature varies dynamically among individuals, creating various roles in metabolism, local and systemic inflammation, and host immunity. Urinary and genital organs, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, and urinary bladder, are reservoirs of several bacterial, viral, and fungal communities. Accumulating evidence has suggested profound roles for the gut, urinary, and intraprostate microbiomes in genitourinary benign and malignant diseases. This review article addresses microbiome-related evidence for three major diseases involved in prostate cancer: chronic prostatitis (CP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Symptomatic CP is known as CP/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. CP is one of the most common prostate diseases in young men, accounting for 8% of all men visiting a urologic clinic. Although oral medication is the gold standard therapy for patients with BPH, approximately 13% of men present with clinical progression within 4 years after the initiation of treatment, with 5% requiring surgical intervention. The identification of proinflammatory cytokines and pathogens responsible for the clinical progression of BPH is still underway. Several topics regarding the association between PCa and the microbiome are discussed in this review as follows: i) intraprostatic microbiome and the risk of PCa, ii) gut microbiome and PCa, iii) gut microbiome and the risk of radiation-induced side effects, iv) isoflavone intake and equol-producing intestinal flora on PCa, and v) the inhibitory effect of daidzein and equol on tumor growth and progression of PCa. Further studies are required for a comprehensive understanding between the urogenital microbiome and prostate pathogenesis to facilitate the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for prostate diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Javier-DesLoges J, McKay RR, Swafford AD, Sepich-Poore GD, Knight R, Parsons JK. The microbiome and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:159-164. [PMID: 34267333 PMCID: PMC8767983 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the microbiome is involved in development and treatment of many human diseases, including prostate cancer. There are several potential pathways for microbiome-based mechanisms for the development of prostate cancer: direct impacts of microbes or microbial products in the prostate or the urine, and indirect impacts from microbes or microbial products in the gastrointestinal tract. Unique microbial signatures have been identified within the stool, oral cavity, tissue, urine, and blood of prostate cancer patients, but studies vary in their findings. Recent studies describe potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the microbiome, but further clinical investigation is needed. In this review, we explore the existing literature on the discovery of the human microbiome and its relationship to prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana R McKay
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salachan PV, Sørensen KD. Dysbiotic microbes and how to find them: a review of microbiome profiling in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:31. [PMID: 35065652 PMCID: PMC8783429 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in human health and disease is well established, including its effects on several cancer types. However, the role of microbial dysbiosis in prostate cancer development, progression, and response to treatment is less well understood. This knowledge gap could perhaps be implicated in the lack of better risk stratification and prognostic tools that incorporate risk factors such as bacterial infections and inflammatory signatures. With over a decade’s research investigating associations between microbiome and prostate carcinogenesis, we are ever closer to finding the crucial biological link between the two. Yet, definitive answers remain elusive, calling for continued research into this field. In this review, we outline the three frequently used NGS based analysis methodologies that are used for microbiome profiling, thereby serving as a quick guide for future microbiome research. We next provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge of the role of the human microbiome in prostate cancer development, progression, and treatment response. Finally, we describe proposed mechanisms of host-microbe interactions that could lead to prostate cancer development, progression or treatment response.
Collapse
|
30
|
Uncovering the role of urinary microbiota in urological tumors: a systematic review of literature. World J Urol 2022; 40:951-964. [PMID: 34997296 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary microbiota has been found to play a key role in numerous urological diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to depict the role of urinary microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urological tumors, including bladder cancer (BCa), prostate cancer (PCa) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A systematic PubMed and Scopus search was undergone from inception through June 2021 for studies investigating urinary microbiota alterations in urological tumors. Study selection followed the PRISMA statement. Phylum, family, genus and species of each bacterium in cancer patients and controls were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-one studies with 1194 patients (748 cancer patients and 446 controls) were included in our final analysis. Certain bacterial phylum, family, genus, and species were more predominant in each of BCa, PCa and RCC patients compared to controls. Abundance and specificity of urinary microbiota were prognosticators for: (1) recurrence, distinguishing recurrent from non-recurrent BCa, (2) disease stage, distinguishing non-muscle invasive from muscle invasive BCa, and (3) disease grade, distinguishing high- vs. low-grade PCa and BCa. Dietary, environmental and geographic patterns influenced urinary microbiota. Urinary microbiota of benign prostatic hyperplasia was different from PCa. CONCLUSION Urological cancer patients have an altered urinary microbiota compared to controls. This may predict recurrence, disease stage and disease grade of these tumors. Further prospective studies are needed to depict a potential influence on therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahn HK, Kim K, Park J, Kim KH. Urinary microbiome profile in men with genitourinary malignancies. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:569-576. [PMID: 36068003 PMCID: PMC9448674 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with various urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to characterize the urinary microbiome of genitourinary malignancies. Materials and Methods Metagenomic analysis of urinary DNA was performed in 85 patients including 30 with bladder cancer (BC), 27 with prostate cancer (PC), 12 with renal cancer (RC), and 16 with non-cancer (NC). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted after amplification of the V3–V4 region. Results PC and RC had significantly lower Shannon index than BC, and beta diversity showed significantly different microbiome composition between four groups. We identified six genera of Cutibacterium, Peptoniphilus, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Moraxella, which showed significantly different abundance between the four groups. When each of the malignancies were compared to NC at the species level, Micrococcus sp. was significantly increased in BC. We also identified 12 and five species with increased populations in PC and RC, respectively. Of these, Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium granulosum, Peptoniphilus lacydonensis, and Tessaracoccus were significantly increased in both PC and RC. Conclusions Urinary microbiome composition was different depending on the xlink:type of genitourinary malignancies, and we identified bacteria that are significantly associated with each xlink:type of malignancy. Specifically, several bacterial species were associated both PC and RC, suggesting that PC and RC share a similar pathogenesis-related urinary microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyu Ahn
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Takezawa K, Fujita K, Matsushita M, Motooka D, Hatano K, Banno E, Shimizu N, Takao T, Takada S, Okada K, Fukuhara S, Kiuchi H, Uemura H, Nakamura S, Kojima Y, Nonomura N. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human gut microbiota is associated with prostate enlargement. Prostate 2021; 81:1287-1293. [PMID: 34516694 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of the prostate enlargement underlying lower urinary tract symptoms is unknown. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota can contribute to various host conditions. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a role in prostate enlargement. METHODS We included 128 patients who underwent prostate biopsies at our hospitals between December 2018 and March 2020, excluding those who had used antibiotics within the past 6 months and those who were diagnosed with prostate cancer of cT3 or higher. Patients with prostate volumes ≥30 ml were defined as the prostate-enlargement (PE) group; those with prostate volumes <30 ml were defined as the non-PE group. Their gut microbiotas were analyzed via 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses of rectal swab samples and were compared between the groups. RESULTS The PE group included 66 patients; the non-PE group included 62 patients. Age, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen levels did not significantly differ between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated a higher proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the PE group and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes in the non-PE group. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group (2.21 ± 0.39 vs. 1.61 ± 0.40, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION The F/B ratio of the gut microbiota was associated with prostate enlargement. Although the detailed mechanisms are unclear, the gut microbiota might affect prostate enlargement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takezawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Urology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Okada
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiuchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Role of Microbial Factors in Prostate Cancer Development-An Up-to-Date Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204772. [PMID: 34682893 PMCID: PMC8538262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date studies emphasize the role of human urinary and intestinal microbiome in maintaining urogenital health. Both microbial flora and sexually transmitted pathogens may affect metabolic or immune mechanisms and consequently promote or inhibit prostate carcinogenesis. Hereby, we review the most current evidence regarding the microbial factors and their link to prostate cancer. We conducted a literature search up to December 2020. The microbial impact on prostate cancer initiation and progression is complex. The proposed mechanisms of action include induction of chronic inflammatory microenvironment (Propionibacterium spp., sexually-transmitted pathogens) and direct dysregulation of cell cycle (Helicobacter pylori, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus- KSHV, human papilloma virus 18- HPV18). Suppression of immune cell expression and downregulating immune-associated genes are also observed (Gardnerella vaginalis). Additionally, the impact of the gut microbiome proved relevant in promoting tumorigenesis (Bacteroides massiliensis). Nevertheless, certain microbes appear to possess anti-tumor properties (Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas spp.), such as triggering a robust immune response and apoptotic cancer cell death. The role of microbial factors in prostate cancer development is an emerging field that merits further studies. In the future, translating microbial research into clinical action may prove helpful in predicting diagnosis and potential outcomes of the disease.
Collapse
|
34
|
Piwowarski JP, Stanisławska I, Granica S. Dietary polyphenol and microbiota interactions in the context of prostate health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:54-77. [PMID: 34636052 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data strongly indicate a relationship between prostate health and gut microbiota, in which composition and physiological function strictly depend on dietary patterns. The bidirectional interplay of foods containing polyphenols, such as ellagitannins, condensed tannins, lignans, isoflavones, and prenylated flavonoids with human gut microbiota, has been proven to contribute to their impact on prostate health. Considering the attributed role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of prostate diseases, this paper aims to critically review the studies concerning the influence of polyphenols' postbiotic metabolites on processes associated with the pathophysiology of prostate diseases. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on polyphenols have been juxtaposed with the current knowledge regarding their pharmacokinetics, microbial metabolism, and potential interactions with microbiota harboring different niches of the human organism. Directions of future research on dietary polyphenols regarding their interaction with microbiota and prostate health have been indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stanisławska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mjaess G, Karam A, Aoun F, Albisinni S, Roumeguère T. Fecal microbiota transplantation for immunotherapy-resistant urological tumors: Is it time? An update of the recent literature. Cancer 2021; 128:14-19. [PMID: 34494666 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Mjaess
- Department of Urology, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Hotel-Dieu de France, University of Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aya Karam
- Hotel-Dieu de France, University of Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Aoun
- Hotel-Dieu de France, University of Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Albisinni
- Department of Urology, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Matsushita M, Fujita K, Motooka D, Hatano K, Fukae S, Kawamura N, Tomiyama E, Hayashi Y, Banno E, Takao T, Takada S, Yachida S, Uemura H, Nakamura S, Nonomura N. The gut microbiota associated with high-Gleason prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3125-3135. [PMID: 34051009 PMCID: PMC8353908 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have found that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promote cancer growth in prostate cancer (PCa) mouse models. To clarify the association between gut microbiota and PCa in humans, we analyzed the gut microbiota profiles of men with suspected PCa. One hundred and fifty-two Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsies (96 with cancer and 56 without cancer) were included in the study and randomly divided into two cohorts: a discovery cohort (114 samples) and a test cohort (38 samples). The gut microbiota was compared between two groups, a high-risk group (men with Grade group 2 or higher PCa) and a negative + low-risk group (men with negative biopsy or Grade group 1 PCa), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, and Lachnospira, all SCFA-producing bacteria, were significantly increased in high-risk group. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the index calculated from the abundance of 18 bacterial genera which were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression detected high-risk PCa in the discovery cohort with higher accuracy than the prostate specific antigen test (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85 vs 0.74). Validation of the index in the test cohort showed similar results (AUC = 0.81 vs 0.67). The specific bacterial taxa were associated with high-risk PCa. The gut microbiota profile could be a novel useful marker for the detection of high-risk PCa and could contribute to the carcinogenesis of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of UrologyFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsakasayamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection MetagenomicsResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Shota Fukae
- Department of UrologyOsaka Police HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of UrologyFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsakasayamaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of UrologyOsaka Police HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome InformaticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of UrologyFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsakasayamaJapan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection MetagenomicsResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei LQ, Cheong IH, Yang GH, Li XG, Kozlakidis Z, Ding L, Liu NN, Wang H. The Application of High-Throughput Technologies for the Study of Microbiome and Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:699793. [PMID: 34394190 PMCID: PMC8355622 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiome research, especially gut microbiome, has been developing at a considerable pace over the last decades, driven by a rapid technological advancement. The emergence of high-throughput technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and others, has afforded the generation of large volumes of data, and in relation to specific pathologies such as different cancer types. The current review identifies high-throughput technologies as they have been implemented in the study of microbiome and cancer. Four main thematic areas have emerged: the characterization of microbial diversity and composition, microbial functional analyses, biomarker prediction, and, lastly, potential therapeutic applications. The majority of studies identified focus on the microbiome diversity characterization, which is reaching technological maturity, while the remaining three thematic areas could be described as emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Approaching precision medicine by tailoring the microbiota. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:206-222. [PMID: 33646347 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed the link between the microbiota and various human diseases. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified some consistent disease-associated microbial features, leading to the emerging concept of microbiome-based therapeutics. However, it is also becoming clear that there are considerable variations in the microbiota among patients with the same disease. Variations in the microbial composition and function contribute to substantial differences in metabolic status of the host via production of a myriad of biochemically and functionally different microbial metabolites. Indeed, compelling evidence indicates that individuality of the microbiome may result in individualized responses to microbiome-based therapeutics and other interventions. Mechanistic understanding of the role of the microbiota in diseases and drug metabolism would help us to identify causal relationships and thus guide the development of microbiome-based precision or personalized medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of current efforts to use microbiome-based interventions for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and diabetes to approach precision medicine.
Collapse
|
39
|
Nicolaro M, Portal DE, Shinder B, Patel HV, Singer EA. The human microbiome and genitourinary malignancies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1245. [PMID: 33178777 PMCID: PMC7607065 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome contains a vast network of understudied organisms that have an intimate role in our health and wellness. These microbiomes differ greatly between individuals, creating what may be thought of as a unique and dynamic microbial signature. Microbes have been shown to have various roles in metabolism, local and systemic inflammation, as well as immunity. Recent findings have confirmed the importance of both the gut and urinary microbiomes in genitourinary malignancies. Numerous studies have identified differences in microbial signatures between healthy patients and those with urologic malignancies. The microbiomes have been shown to contain microbes that may contribute to the etiology of disease state as well as yield information in regard to a person’s health and their responsiveness to certain drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Less well understood are the effects of antibiotics on oncologic outcomes in such treatment courses. This review will explore our current understanding and advancements in the field of microbiome research and discuss its intimate association with genitourinary diseases including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer. With a better understanding of the association between the microbiome and genitourinary malignancy, further investigation may produce reliable predictors of disease, prognostic indicators as well as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicolaro
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniella E Portal
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian Shinder
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hiren V Patel
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric A Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huybrechts I, Zouiouich S, Loobuyck A, Vandenbulcke Z, Vogtmann E, Pisanu S, Iguacel I, Scalbert A, Indave I, Smelov V, Gunter MJ, Michels N. The Human Microbiome in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1856-1868. [PMID: 32727720 PMCID: PMC7541789 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been hypothesized to play a role in cancer development. Because of the diversity of published data, an overview of available epidemiologic evidence linking the microbiome with cancer is now needed. We conducted a systematic review using a tailored search strategy in Medline and EMBASE databases to identify and summarize the current epidemiologic literature on the relationship between the microbiome and different cancer outcomes published until December 2019. We identified 124 eligible articles. The large diversity of parameters used to describe microbial composition made it impossible to harmonize the different studies in a way that would allow meta-analysis, therefore only a qualitative description of results could be performed. Fifty studies reported differences in the gut microbiome between patients with colorectal cancer and various control groups. The most consistent findings were for Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Peptostreptococcus being significantly enriched in fecal and mucosal samples from patients with colorectal cancer. For the oral microbiome, significantly increased and decreased abundance was reported for Fusobacterium and Streptococcus, respectively, in patients with oral cancer compared with controls. Overall, although there was a large amount of evidence for some of these alterations, most require validation in high-quality, preferably prospective, epidemiologic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Astrid Loobuyck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Vandenbulcke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Isabel Iguacel
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Iciar Indave
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vitaly Smelov
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fecal Microbiome Alteration May Be a Potential Marker for Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:3461315. [PMID: 33014185 PMCID: PMC7519184 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3461315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although intestinal microbial dysbiosis was confirmed to be associated with many chronic diseases and health status through complicated interaction with the host, the effect on gastric cancer was less studied. In this study, we sequenced the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria and fungi, respectively, in 134 gastric cancer patients and 58 healthy controls matched by age and gender. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted for adjusting diet habits and lifestyle, and 44 patients and 44 healthy controls (matching population) were enrolled. Serum antibody to H. pylori and metabolites of the matching population were detected. The positive rates of antibody to H. pylori between the patients and the control group did not reach the statistical difference. LEfSe analysis indicated that bacteria were more stable than fungi when adjusting diet and lifestyle. Veillonella, Megasphaera, and Prevotella 7 genus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Salivarius, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Lactobacillus salivarius species in bacteria were related to the risk of gastric cancer and showed a good diagnostic value in distinguishing the patients from healthy controls. Streptococcus mitis showed a risk effect for gastric cancer; however, the effect turned into be protective after PSM. Serum L-alanine, L-threonine, and methionol were positively associated with Veillonella and Streptococcus and several fungi genus. Overall, our findings indicated that fecal microbiome constitution alteration may be associated with gastric cancer through influencing the amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
|
42
|
Katongole P, Sande OJ, Joloba M, Reynolds SJ, Niyonzima N. The human microbiome and its link in prostate cancer risk and pathogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32884579 PMCID: PMC7460756 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the microbiome's role in human health and disease since the human microbiome project. The microbiome plays a vital role in influencing cancer risk and pathogenesis. Several studies indicate microbial pathogens to account for over 15-20% of all cancers. Furthermore, the interaction of the microbiota, especially the gut microbiota in influencing response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy remains an area of active research. Certain microbial species have been linked to the improved clinical outcome when on different cancer therapies. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome has enabled the study to understand its connection to genitourinary malignancies, especially prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide. Therefore research into understanding the factors and mechanisms associated with prostate cancer etiology, pathogenesis, and disease progression is of utmost importance. In this review, we explore the current literature concerning the link between the gut and urinary microbiome and prostate cancer risk and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Katongole
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cumpanas AA, Bratu OG, Bardan RT, Ferician OC, Cumpanas AD, Horhat FG, Licker M, Pricop C, Cretu OM. Urinary Microbiota-Are We Ready for Prime Time? A Literature Review of Study Methods' Critical Steps in Avoiding Contamination and Minimizing Biased Results. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060343. [PMID: 32471022 PMCID: PMC7345871 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last few years, there have been an increased number of clinical studies involving urinary microbiota. Low-biomass microbiome sequencing (e.g., urine, lung, placenta, blood) is easily biased by contamination or cross-contamination. So far, a few critical steps, from sampling urine to processing and analyzing, have been described (e.g., urine collection modality, sample volume size, snap freezing, negative controls usage, laboratory risks for contamination assessment, contamination of negative results reporting, exploration and discussion of the impact of contamination for the final results, etc.) We performed a literature search (Pubmed, Scopus and Embase) and reviewed the published articles related to urinary microbiome, evaluating how the aforementioned critical steps to obtain unbiased, reliable results have been taken or have been reported. We identified different urinary microbiome evaluation protocols, with non-homogenous reporting systems, which can make gathering results into consistent data for similar topics difficult and further burden the already so complex emerging field of urinary microbiome. We concluded that to ease the progress in this field, a joint approach from researchers, authors and publishers would be necessary in order to create mandatory reporting systems which would allow to recognize pitfalls and avoid compromising a promising field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Department of Urology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.C.); (R.T.B.); (O.C.F.)
| | - Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Urology, Emergency Military Central Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Razvan Tiberiu Bardan
- Department of Urology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.C.); (R.T.B.); (O.C.F.)
| | - Ovidiu Catalin Ferician
- Department of Urology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.C.); (R.T.B.); (O.C.F.)
| | - Andrei Dragos Cumpanas
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.G.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Monica Licker
- Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.G.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Catalin Pricop
- Department of Urology, Gr.Tr.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Department of Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Urinary Microbiome and Anticancer Immunotherapy: The Potentially Hidden Role of Unculturable Microbes. Target Oncol 2020; 14:247-252. [PMID: 31073691 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several urinary disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and interstitial cystitis, are often characterized by negative urine cultures. The application of metagenomics (i.e., 16S rRNA microbial profiling or whole-genome shotgun sequencing) to urine samples has enabled the identification of previously undetected bacteria, contributing to the discovery and characterization of the urinary microbiome. The most frequent species isolated are Lactobacillus (15%), Corynebacterium (14.2%), Streptococcus (11.9%), Actinomyces (6.9%), and Staphylococcus (6.9%). Although several studies are emerging in this context, the role of urinary microbiota in the pathogenesis of infections and in tumor carcinogenesis remains unclear. Furthermore, data on the activity of gut microbiota in modulating sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancer patients suggest that the influence of urinary microbiota on tumor response to anticancer therapy should also be investigated. Moreover, its possible relationship with tumor mutational burden, which is in turn correlated with response to immunotherapy, should be the focus of future studies. Of note, the effect of antibiotics on this complex scenario seems to deserve careful consideration.
Collapse
|
46
|
Brüggemann H, Al-Zeer MA. Bacterial signatures and their inflammatory potentials associated with prostate cancer. APMIS 2020; 128:80-91. [PMID: 31990107 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can create a microenvironment that can contribute to the formation of prostate pathologies. Far less well understood is the origin of inflammation in the prostate. One potential source is microbial infections of the prostate. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the presence of bacteria in the prostate and the dysbiosis of bacterial populations in the urinary tract and the gastrointestinal tract related to prostate cancer, thereby focusing on next-generation sequencing (NGS)-generated data. The current limitations regarding NGS-based detection methods and other difficulties in the quest for a microbial etiology for prostate cancer are discussed. We then focus on a few bacterial species, including Cutibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli that are often NGS-detected in prostatic tissue specimens, and discuss their possible contribution as initiator or enhancer of prostate inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Feng Y, Jaratlerdsiri W, Patrick SM, Lyons RJ, Haynes A, Collins CC, Stricker PD, Bornman MR, Hayes VM. Metagenomic analysis reveals a rich bacterial content in high-risk prostate tumors from African men. Prostate 2019; 79:1731-1738. [PMID: 31454437 PMCID: PMC6790596 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa), yet no pathogenic agent has been identified. Men from Africa are at increased risk for both aggressive prostate disease and infection. We hypothesize that pathogenic microbes may be contributing, at least in part, to high-risk PCa presentation within Africa and in turn the observed ethnic disparity. METHODS Here we reveal through metagenomic analysis of host-derived whole-genome sequencing data, the microbial content within prostate tumor tissue from 22 men. What is unique about this study is that patients were separated by ethnicity, African vs European, and environments, Africa vs Australia. RESULTS We identified 23 common bacterial genera between the African, Australian, and Chinese prostate tumor samples, while nonbacterial microbes were notably absent. While the most abundant genera across all samples included: Escherichia, Propionibacterium, and Pseudomonas, the core prostate tumor microbiota was enriched for Proteobacteria. We observed a significant increase in the richness of the bacterial communities within the African vs Australian samples (t = 4.6-5.5; P = .0004-.001), largely driven by eight predominant genera. Considering core human gut microbiota, African prostate tissue samples appear enriched for Escherichia and Acidovorax, with an abundance of Eubacterium associated with host tumor hypermutation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides suggestive evidence for the presence of a core, bacteria-rich, prostate microbiome. While unable to exclude for fecal contamination, the observed increased bacterial content and richness within the African vs non-African samples, together with elevated tumor mutational burden, suggests the possibility that bacterially-driven oncogenic transformation within the prostate microenvironment may be contributing to aggressive disease presentation in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchThe Kinghorn Cancer CentreDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sean M. Patrick
- School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Ruth J. Lyons
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchThe Kinghorn Cancer CentreDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anne‐Maree Haynes
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchThe Kinghorn Cancer CentreDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate CentreVancouverCanada
- Department of UrologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Department of UrologySt Vincent's Hospital SydneyDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - M.S. Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Vanessa M. Hayes
- Laboratory for Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchThe Kinghorn Cancer CentreDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sha S, Ni L, Stefil M, Dixon M, Mouraviev V. The human gastrointestinal microbiota and prostate cancer development and treatment. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 61:S43-S50. [PMID: 32055753 PMCID: PMC7004837 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.s1.s43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiome contains commensal bacteria and other microbiota that have been gaining increasing attention in the context of cancer development and response to treatment. Microbiota play a role in the maintenance of host barrier surfaces that contribute to both local inflammation and other systemic metabolic functions. In the context of prostate cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiome may play a role through metabolism of estrogen, an increase of which has been linked to the induction of prostatic neoplasia. Specific microbiota such as Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bacteroides massiliensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectalie, and Mycoplasma genitalium have been associated with differing risks of prostate cancer development or extensiveness of prostate cancer disease. In this Review, we discuss gastrointestinal microbiota's effects on prostate cancer development, the ability of the microbiome to regulate chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment, and the importance of using Next Generation Sequencing to further discern the microbiome's systemic influence on prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybil Sha
- Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Liqiang Ni
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Munch MM, Chambers LC, Manhart LE, Domogala D, Lopez A, Fredricks DN, Srinivasan S. Optimizing bacterial DNA extraction in urine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222962. [PMID: 31550285 PMCID: PMC6759279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine is an acceptable, non-invasive sample for investigating the human urogenital microbiota and for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. However, low quantities of bacterial DNA and PCR inhibitors in urine may prevent efficient PCR amplification for molecular detection of bacteria. Furthermore, cold temperatures used to preserve DNA and bacteria in urine can promote precipitation of crystals that interfere with DNA extraction. Saline, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline, or Tris-EDTA buffer were added to urine from adult men to determine if crystal precipitation could be reversed without heating samples beyond ambient temperature. Total bacterial DNA concentrations and PCR inhibition were measured using quantitative PCR assays to compare DNA yields with and without buffer addition. Dissolution of crystals with Tris-EDTA prior to urine centrifugation was most effective in increasing bacterial DNA recovery and reducing PCR inhibition. DNA recovery using Tris-EDTA was further tested by spiking urine with DNA from bacterial isolates and median concentrations of Lactobacillus jensenii and Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene copies were found to be higher in urine processed with Tris-EDTA. Maximizing bacterial DNA yield from urine may facilitate more accurate assessment of bacterial populations and increase detection of specific bacteria in the genital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Munch
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Laura C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Lisa E. Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Dan Domogala
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Anthony Lopez
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|